Bibliografías temáticas / Trophic ecology

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Trophic ecology"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 22 de junio de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Trophic ecology"

Hu, Guan Yu, Jian Hua Li, Bi Lin Liu, Na Liu y Xin Jun Chen. "Trophic ecology of Humboldt squid (". Marine and Freshwater Research 73, n.º 4 (20 de diciembre de 2021): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf21183.

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The sclerotised beaks of cephalopods have emerged as useful material to track their habitat and trophic ecology by using stable isotope analysis, because beaks grow continuously throughout their life without replacement. Here, stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N in five continuous sections along the crest were measured to investigate the potential ontogenetic habitat shift and foraging-ecology change of Dosidicus gigas from the oceanic waters off Ecuador. In total, 90 sections from 18 upper beaks were examined with δ13C values of −18.99 to −17.49‰ and δ15N values of 0.69 to 7.09‰. Kruskal–Wallis test showed that there were significant differences in both isotopes between sections. The result of generalised additive models showed a significant overall decrease in both δ13C and δ15N values across the beak crest. The corrected standard ellipse area (SEAc) of the beak sections was 0.48 to 0.93‰2, with no high overlap between the two sections, with values ranging from 0.00 to 0.57. High individual variation of δ15N values in most beak sections indicated that D. gigas in our study area appears to have a generalist food spectrum in most of its life history, except for the stage just before being captured.

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STAPP, PAUL. "Trophic Cascades and Disease Ecology". EcoHealth 4, n.º 2 (9 de mayo de 2007): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-007-0099-z.

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Djeghri, N., P. Pondaven, F. Le Grand, A. Bideau, N. Duquesne, M. Stockenreiter, S. Behl et al. "High trophic plasticity in the mixotrophic Mastigias papua-Symbiodiniaceae holobiont: implications for the ecology of zooxanthellate jellyfishes". Marine Ecology Progress Series 666 (20 de mayo de 2021): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13707.

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The trophic ecology of mixotrophic, zooxanthellate jellyfishes potentially spans a wide spectrum between autotrophy and heterotrophy. However, their degree of trophic plasticity along this spectrum is not well known. To better characterize their trophic ecology, we sampled the zooxanthellate medusa Mastigias papua in contrasting environments and sizes in Palau (Micronesia). We characterized their trophic ecology using isotopic (bulk δ13C and δ15N), elemental (C:N ratios), and fatty acid compositions. The different trophic indicators were correlated or anti-correlated as expected (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, rP > 0.5 or < -0.5 in 91.1% of cases, p < 0.05), indicating good agreement. The sampled M. papua were ordered in a trophic spectrum between autotrophy and heterotrophy (supported by decreasing δ13C, C:N, proportion of neutral lipid fatty acids (NLFA:TLFA), n-3:n-6 and increasing δ15N, eicosapentaenoic acid to docosahexaenoic acid ratio (EPA:DHA)). This trophic spectrum was mostly driven by sampling location with little influence of medusa size. Moreover, previous observations have shown that in a given location, the trophic ecology of M. papua can change over time. Thus, the positions on the trophic spectrum of the populations sampled here are not fixed, suggesting high trophic plasticity in M. papua. The heterotrophic end of the trophic spectrum was occupied by non-symbiotic M. papua, whereas the literature indicates that the autotrophic end of the spectrum corresponds to dominant autotrophy, where more than 100% of the carbon requirement is obtained by photosynthesis. Such high trophic plasticity has critical implications for the trophic ecology and blooming ability of zooxanthellate jellyfishes.

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Ode, Paul J. "Plant toxins and parasitoid trophic ecology". Current Opinion in Insect Science 32 (abril de 2019): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2019.01.007.

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LINDEMAN, R. "The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology". Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 53, n.º 1-2 (1991): 167–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8240(05)80045-x.

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Lindeman, Raymond L. "The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology". Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 53, n.º 1-2 (marzo de 1991): 167–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02464428.

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Quiroga, Virginia, Rodrigo E. Lorenzón, Gisela Maglier y Ana L. Ronchi-Virgolini. "Relationship between Morphology and Trophic Ecology in an Assemblage of Passerine Birds in Riparian Forests of the Paraná River (Argentina)". Avian Biology Research 11, n.º 1 (febrero de 2018): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815617x15114328596437.

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We describe the ecomorphology of an assemblage of bird species found in riparian forests of the Middle Paraná River, Argentina. We sought to determine (1) the more important morphological characteristics that separate coexisting species, (2) whether such separation was related to the trophic ecology of each species and (3) whether a priori guilds showed morphological similarity. We tested the hypotheses that (a) a species’ morphology is related to the trophic ecology of that species and (b) that species of a priori guilds are morphometrically more similar to each other than to species of different a priori guilds. For this, we considered an assemblage of 29 species of birds from riparian forest that were sampled with mist nets during the 2011 and 2014 breeding seasons. We obtained morphometric measurements of captured individuals and supplemented those data with measurements from museum specimens. Trophic characterisation (diet and trophic microhabitat) was based on a literature review. Results showed a separation of bird species as a function of variables related to trophic ecology (diets and trophic microhabitats) and morphology. After controlling for phylogenetic constraint, species’ morphology partially reflected the trophic ecology of the species, supporting the central hypothesis of the ecomorphological discipline and showing that the use of trophic and morphometric data provides complementary data to improve the guild organisation of riparian bird assemblages.

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Milne, Damian J., Chris J. Burwell y Chris R. Pavey. "Dietary composition of insectivorous bats of the Top End of Australia". Australian Mammalogy 38, n.º 2 (2016): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am15044.

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Diet and, more broadly, trophic ecology is an important aspect of microbat ecology that provides valuable information on how species interact and persist within the environment. In this study, we assessed the trophic ecology of a microbat assemblage in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia. On the basis of analysis of stomach and faecal contents, we assessed 23 species representing seven families, including three species (Taphozous kapalgensis, Nyctophilus arnhemensis and Pipistrellus adamsi) for which no previous dietary data are available. Insects were the principal food source of all species in the Top End microbat assemblage. For foraging guilds, a higher percentage of Orthoptera and Coleoptera were present in species from the ‘Uncluttered’ guild whereas a higher percentage of Lepidoptera were taken by bats in the ‘Background clutter’ and ‘Highly cluttered’ guilds. However, there was considerable overlap between microbat diets irrespective of foraging strategy.

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Gusakova, Natalia y Alena Guseva. "Development of the Model for Determining of the Trophic Status of Shallow-Water Reservoir". Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (noviembre de 2013): 2578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2578.

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A model for determining of the Taganrog Bay’s trophic status as per hydrochemical indexes is developed. The independent variables for the model are determined, they are: concentration of nitrates, nitrites, ammonium ion, phosphates, temperature, salinity and current velocity. The water reservoir’s trophic status research is conducted, its modern trophic status, the ecology allowable concentration of biogens and the ecology reserves for the water reservoir have been calculated.

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Galloway, Aaron W. E. y Suzanne M. Budge. "The critical importance of experimentation in biomarker-based trophic ecology". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, n.º 1804 (15 de junio de 2020): 20190638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0638.

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Fatty acids are commonly used as biomarkers for making inferences about trophic relationships in aquatic and soil food webs. However, researchers are often unaware of the physiological constraints within organisms on the trophic transfer and modification of dietary biomarkers in consumers. Fatty acids are bioactive molecules, which have diverse structures and functions that both complicate and enhance their value as trophic tracers. For instance, consumers may synthesize confounding non-dietary sourced markers from precursor molecules, and environmental conditions also affect fatty acid composition. There is a vital need for more research on the uptake and transfer of trophic biomarkers in individual organisms in order to advance the field and make meaningful use of these tools at the scale of populations or ecosystems. This special issue is focused on controlled feeding experiments on a diverse taxonomic breadth of model consumers from freshwater, marine and soil ecosystems with a goal of creating a more integrated understanding of the connection between consumer physiology and trophic ecology. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The next horizons for lipids as ‘trophic biomarkers’: evidence and significance of consumer modification of dietary fatty acids'.

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Más fuentes

Tesis sobre el tema "Trophic ecology"

Maine, Josiah J. "TROPHIC ECOLOGY OF INSECTIVOROUS BATS IN AGROECOSYSTEMS". OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1599.

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Land-use change is a leading cause of biodiversity loss and ecosystem service degradation worldwide, but these changes do not affect all organisms equally. Understanding the factors that influence resistance to environmental change is vital for informed conservation. In particular, dietary generalists may withstand environmental change better than specialists due to their ability to exploit variable resources. Bats are voracious predators of insects, but vary widely in their degree of dietary specialization. In Chapter 1, I analyze the effect of land cover and morphology on dietary diversity and the two most common prey items (Lepidoptera and Coleoptera) of bats, selecting important independent variables using phylogenetic generalized least squares (PGLS) and model selection. Dietary diversity increased with increasing amount of cropland near the study area, consumption of Lepidoptera decreased with increasing habitat diversity, and consumption of Coleoptera decreased with increasing distance from the equator. Biodiversity (and hence, prey diversity) is expected to decrease with agricultural intensity, but the observed pattern suggests that dietary specialists may avoid agricultural habitats due to lack of preferred prey. Dietary specialists may thus be increasingly at risk as agricultural intensity increases around the world, and it is essential that we continue to document their ecological roles and the services they provide to society

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Vander, Zanden M. Jake. "Trophic position in aquatic food webs". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ55390.pdf.

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Basu, Ben Kumar. "Plankton development and trophic interactions in rivers". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10146.

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The factors regulating the development and trophic interactions of planktonic communities were determined in 31 medium to large size temperate rivers. In addition, the Rideau River, Ontario, was studied in detail over three field seasons. Variables measured included: phytoplankton biomass as measured by chlorophyll $\alpha$ concentration; zooplankton biomass (rotifers and crustaceans); heterotrophic bacterial abundance; heterotrophic flagellate abundance; nutrient concentrations (phosphorus and nitrogen); dissolved organic carbon concentration; river discharge; water residence time; depth; temperature; and light attenuation. Phytoplankton was abundant in eutrophic rivers ($>$15 $\mu$g L$\sp{-1}$ of chlorophyll a) and was most strongly related to nutrient concentrations, primarily total phosphorus, which explained up to 76% of the variation in chlorophyll a. Phytoplankton biomass in the rivers was not related to the hydrological parameters of water residence time or discharge, possibly due to the short generation time of phytoplankton (hours to days). Light did not appear to limit phytoplankton biomass due to shallow depths and extensive vertical mixing. In the Rideau River phytoplankton biomass exhibited longitudinal heterogeneity, but in general increased in a downstream direction, concomitant with increases in nutrient concentrations. Phytoplankton biomass did not appear to be affected by zooplankton grazing in the rivers. However, phytoplankton biomass may have been negatively impacted by benthic filter feeders, in particular the invasive zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), in the downstream reaches of the Rideau River. Zooplankton biomass in the rivers was low (usually 20 $\mu$g L$\sp{-1}$ dry mass) and small taxa dominated the zooplankton communities (e.g. rotifers, bosminids). Large zooplankton taxa, such as Daphnia sp., were much less abundant. Due to longer generation times (days to weeks), zooplankton biomass was primarily related to water residence time which explained 33% of the variation. Zooplankton appeared susceptible to advective loss in the rivers. A positive resource effect of either nutrients or phytoplankton on zooplankton biomass, typically observed in lakes, was weaker in the rivers. In comparison to lakes, zooplankton appeared less tightly coupled to phytoplankton. As with phytoplankton, zooplankton biomass in the Rideau River increased with downstream travel and appeared to be negatively affected by benthic filter feeders. Heterotrophic bacteria were abundant in the rivers (4.5 $\times$ 10$\sp6$ cells ml$\sp{-1})$ and, as in lakes, bacteria were most strongly related to nutrient concentrations (total phosphorus) and phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a). In contrast to lakes, no relationship between bacterial abundance and dissolved organic carbon was observed, possibly due to the more allochthonous, refractory nature of river dissolved organic carbon. Heterotrophic flagellates were also abundant in the rivers $(4.0\times10\sp{3}$ cells ml$\sp{-1})$ and were most strongly related to bacterial abundance and nutrient concentrations (total phosphorus). Neither bacterial nor flagellate abundance was related to water residence time. A negative relationship between zooplankton biomass and bacterial or flagellate abundance was not observed, possibly because of the low biomass (hence low grazing pressure) of zooplankton in the rivers. Due to the scarcity of zooplankton in rivers, there may be little transfer of energy from the planktonic microbial food web to planktonic metazoans.

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Ball, Simon John. "Picophytoplankton in lakes of different trophic state". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301818.

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Mestre, Arias Laia. "Intraguild interactions, trophic ecology and dispersal in spider assemblages". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117457.

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Les aranyes (Araneae) són un grup hiperdivers de depredadors àmpliament representat en comunitats naturals i en conreus, on s’alimenten de diferents tipus d’insectes i participen en el control biològic de plagues. Ocupen posicions intermèdies dins les xarxes tròfiques i estan implicades en interaccions intragremials amb altres depredadors. Tanmateix, la majoria d’estudis en ecologia tracten les aranyes com a un sol grup uniforme i, per tant, ignoren la gran diversitat d’interaccions interespecífiques i de connexions tròfiques en les comunitats d’artròpodes. Les xarxes tròfiques també estan influenciades per la dispersió dels individus a través del paisatge. Com que dispersar-se és costós, hom espera que els individus es basin en múltiples fonts d’informació sobre la qualitat de l’hàbitat abans de dispersar-se, però la recerca sobre la importància relativa de fonts d’informació diferents és molt escassa. Els objectius d’aquesta tesi doctoral eren, primer, estudiar les xarxes tròfiques d’artròpodes i les interaccions entre aranyes, formigues i ocells utilitzant com a sistema d’estudi un cultiu ecològic mediterrani de cítrics; segon, investigar l’efecte de la informació sobre sobre disponibilitat d’aliment i del subministrament d’aliment en la dispersió de les aranyes. Hi havia sis objectius concrets, (1) comparar l’efecte relatiu dels ocells i de les formigues en la comunitat d’aranyes; (2) comprovar l’impacte dels ocells en les aranyes diürnes i nocturnes de les capçades; (3) estudiar els efectes a llarg termini sobre la comunitat d’aranyes de les formigues que patrullen en les capçades; (4) desentrellar l’estructura de la xarxa tròfica dels artròpodes del cultiu amb anàlisis d’isòtops estables; (5) comprovar l’efecte dels indicadors de disponibilitat d’aliment en la selecció d’hàbitat i l’efecte del subministrament de preses en l’emigració de l’aranya colonial Cyrtophora citricola; i (6) contrastar la importància del subministrament de menjar a la mare i a la descendència en l’emigració a curta i a llarga distància d’Erigone dentipalpis. Durant un període de gairebé 2 anys, vam trobar que les formigues tenien un gran efecte sobre les aranyes constructores de teranyina de les famílies Araneidae and Theridiidae, mentre que no vam trobar cap efecte dels ocells. No obstant això, en un experiment d’exclusió d’ocells on vam utilitzar altres mètodes de mostreig, vam detectar una reducció dels aranèids i dels terídids causada pels ocells, la qual cosa emfasitza la importància del mostreig en el resultat dels experiments de camp en ecologia. Les dades a llarg termini també proporcionen informació essencial sobre processos ecològics: mentre que a l’inici d’un experiment de 8 anys d’exclusió de formigues, aquestes no tenien cap efecte sobre les aranyes, sí que van tenir un impacte profund sobre la comunitat d’aranyes durant els últims 4 anys: les formigues van afectar negativament l’abundància d’un ampli rang d’espècies d’aranyes independentment de la família a la qual les aranyes pertanyien. Les anàlisis d’isòtops estables van mostrar la posició tròfica de les 25 espècies més comunes d’aranyes i de les principals espècies de formigues i d’altres insectes. El nivell tròfic de les aranyes era molt més alt que el de les seves preses potencials, suggerint la prevalença de l’omnivoria i de la depredació intragremial en la xarxa tròfica. Les espècies d’aranyes de la mateixa família pertanyien a grups tròfics diferents, cosa que, juntament amb els resultats esmentats abans, mostra l’alt valor de les anàlisis a nivell d’espècie. Tant en C. citricola com en E. dentipalpis, la informació indirecta sobre la disponibilitat de menjar va tenir un paper clau en la dispersió, en contrast amb la importància limitada de la ingesta de menjar. Per tant, aquestes fonts d’informació han de ser considerades juntament amb les interaccions intragremials com a factors que influencien les poblacions d’aranyes.
Spiders (Araneae) are a hyperdiverse predator group and are widespread in both natural and arable communities, where they prey on many different types of insects and play a role in biological control. Spiders occupy intermediate positions in food webs and are involved in intraguild interactions with other predators. However, most studies treat the spider assemblage as a single uniform group, thus ignoring the sheer diversity of species interactions and trophic links within arthropod communities. Food webs are also influenced by the dispersal of individuals through the landscape. Because dispersal is costly, individuals are expected to rely on multiple sources of information about habitat quality before dispersing, although research on the relative importance of different information sources is largely lacking. The goals of this PhD thesis were first, to study arthropod food webs and the interactions between spiders, ants and birds using a Mediterranean organic citrus grove as study system; second, to investigate the effect of information about food availability and of actual food supply on spider dispersal. There were six specific objectives, namely (1) to compare the relative effect of birds and ants on the spider assemblage; (2) to test the differential impact of bird predation on diurnal and nocturnal canopy spiders; (3) to study the long-term effects of canopy-foraging ants on the spider assemblage; (4) to unravel the structure of the arthropod food web of the grove with stable isotope analyses; (5) to test the effect of cues of food availability on site-selection and of prey supply on emigration decisions of the colonial spider Cytrophora citricola; and (6) to test the importance of direct and maternal food supply on long- and short-distance emigration decisions of Erigone dentipalpis. Over an almost 2-year period, we found that ants had a strong effect on some web-building spiders of the families Araneidae and Theridiidae, whereas we did not find any effect of birds. However, in a bird exclusion experiment where we used other sampling methods, we detected a reduction of araneids and theridiids caused by birds, emphasizing the influence of sampling on the outcome of ecological field experiments. Long-term data also provided essential information about ecological processes: whereas in the beginning of an 8-year ant-exclusion experiment ants did not have any effect on spiders, they did have a pervasive impact on the spider assemblage for the last 4 years: ants negatively affected the abundance of a wide range of spider species independently of the family the spiders belonged to. Stable isotope analyses retrieved the trophic positions of the 25 most common spider species and of the main species of ants and other insects. The trophic level of spiders was much higher than that of their potential prey, suggesting a prevalence of omnivory and intraguild predation in the food web. Spider species from the same family belonged to different trophic groups, which, together with the aforementioned results, show the high value of species-level analyses. In both C. citricola and E. dentipalpis, indirect information of food availability played a key role in dispersal, in contrast to the limited importance of immediate food intake. These information sources thus need to be considered together with intraguild interactions as factors influencing spider populations.

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Woodstock, Matthew. "Trophic Ecology and Parasitism of a Mesopelagic Fish Assemblage". Thesis, NSUWorks, 2018. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/469.

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Mesopelagic (open ocean, 200-1000 m depth) fishes are important consumers of zooplankton and are prey of oceanic predators. Some mesopelagic fishes (e.g., myctophids and stomiids) undertake a diel vertical migration where they ascend to the near-surface waters during the night to feed and descend into the depths during the day to avoid predators. Other mesopelagic fishes (e.g., Sternoptyx spp.) do not vertically migrate and remain at deep depths throughout the day. While in the epipelagic zone (surface – 200 m depth), vertically migrating fishes become prey to upper-trophic level predators, such as: tunas and billfishes. Benthic fishes (e.g., macrourids) often vertically migrate as well, ascending into the pelagic zone to feed on pelagic organisms. Fishes of different depths and vertical migration habits likely have a different ecological role in food webs. The relationship between parasites and gut contents provides insights into ecological processes occurring within assemblages, as prey items are often vectors for parasites. This study examined the differences between the prey items present in the gastrointestinal cavity and parasites of 26 mesopelagic fish species in the Gulf of Mexico. Results showed that based on the proportionally dominant prey items per species, six different feeding guilds existed within this assemblage, five based on planktivory: copepodivores, predators of copepods and other zooplankton, predators of copepods and euphausiids, gelatinivores, generalists, crustacean decapodivores, and upper-trophic level predators. Larger fishes preyed on larger prey items and harbored more parasites. Sigmops elongatus exhibited an ontogenetic diet shift at 75 mm standard length, progressing from eating primarily copepods at small sizes to eating primarily euphausiids at large sizes. Compared to similar studies, this study revealed a higher parasitic infestation by trematodes, an endoparasite (parasite within the host) class often restricted to nearshore hosts, in Gulf of Mexico fishes. Helicometrina nimia, the dominant parasite of the gempylid Nealotus tripes, has not previously been recorded in hosts below 200 m depth, suggesting a foodweb pathway that transitions from nearshore to offshore. These data can be used to develop and refine models aimed at understanding ecosystem structure and connectivity.

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Pillay, Pradeep. "The ecological and evolutionary assembly of trophic metacommunities". Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96666.

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Despite the important role spatial processes play in natural communities, far too little theoretical work has been devoted to exploring how complex food web communities may be assembled in space, and how the spatial structure of trophic interactions may provide a stabilizing mechanism for complex food web networks. In this thesis I develop a food web metacommunity model based on a classic Levins-type patch-dynamic model which views trophic interactions between species as occurring in a spatially subdivided habitat. I then use this model to explore both simple and complex trophic networks in an ecological and evolutionary context. I first review and evaluate previous attempts at defining a patch-dynamic metacommunity model of trophic interactions. After correcting the flaws in previously published models I develop a corrected model and apply it to simple trophic configurations. I show how the stability of simple trophic interactions, like omnivory loops, depends upon the interacting effects of space and network configuration. I then use the model to study the evolution of dispersal in a simple predator-prey system. Specifically, I investigate how both predator and prey dispersal rates will evolve in response to increasing patch extinction rates caused by locally strong top-down predator effects. I show how the predator's evolutionarily stable (ESS) dispersal rate will increase, as expected, in response to increasing local extinction, while the prey's ESS dispersal rate exhibits a counterintuitive nonmonotonic response – actually decreasing for some ranges of extinction. I explain how the prey's counterintuitive response arises because of the way trophic interactions between species play out at different spatial scales. After applying the model to simple networks I then explore the assembly of complex food webs. I show that, under very simple assumptions, diverse and complex food web networks can be assembled through the creation of network branches which provide opportunities for the build-up species and multiple food chain paths in the food web. I also show how these network branches can emerge simply as the result of the spatial distribution of trophic interactions, and the structural support provided by omnivory and generalist feeding links. I then attempt to determine if natural food webs show a relationship between biodiversity and network branching. To this end I examine a set of empirical food webs and observe a striking linear scaling relationship between food web size and the degree of branching in the minimum spanning tree of a food web. This empirical corroboration of the theory suggests that the theory reported here may be of value as a guide to how space and dispersal interact to structure natural food webs at large scales.
Malgré l'importance des processus spatiaux dans les communautés écologiques naturelles, peu de théories examinent le rôle de l'espace dans l'assemblage et la stabilisation des réseaux trophiques complexes. Dans cette thèse, je développe un modèle de réseau trophique spatial (métacommunauté) fondé sur un model dynamique de métapopulation du type Levins, où les interactions trophiques entres les espèces ont lieu au sein d'une série de populations locales. Ce modèle de métacommunauté me permet d'examiner les réseaux trophiques simples et complexes dans un contexte écologique et évolutif.Dans le premier chapitre, je résume et critique les modèles actuels de métacommunauté du type Levins incorporant les interactions trophiques dans un contexte spatial. Après avoir identifié les erreurs de ces modèles, je développe un modèle corrigé afin d'examiner des réseaux trophiques simples. Je montre que la stabilité des interactions trophiques simples (telles que les boucles omnivores) dépend de l'interaction entre la structure spatiale et la topologie du réseau trophique. Dans le deuxième chapitre, j'utilise ce modèle afin de déterminer l'évolution du taux de dispersion du prédateur et de sa proie lorsque la prédation favorise l'extinction des populations locales. Je montre que face à une augmentation du taux d'extinction, le taux de dispersion évolutivement stable du prédateur augmente de façon monotone alors que celui de la proie varie de façon non-monotone et diminue pour certains niveaux d'extinction. Je démontre que cette réponse contre-intuitive de la proie est due à la structure spatiale des interactions trophiques entre les espèces.Dans le troisième chapitre, j'utilise le modèle afin d'étudier l'assemblage de réseaux trophiques complexes dans l'espace. Je montre que l'addition de branches dans le réseau trophique (ramification) permet l'accumulation d'espèces dans des chaînes alimentaires distinctes et la création de réseaux trophiques complexes. Je démontre que cette ramification du réseau trophique est due à la distribution spatiale des interactions trophiques ainsi que le support structurel apporté par les boucles omnivores et généralistes.Dans le quatrième chapitre, j'essaye de déterminer si la relation entre la biodiversité et la ramification des réseaux trophiques observée dans le modèle est applicable aux réseaux trophiques naturels. Je montre qu'il existe une forte relation linéaire entre la taille des réseaux trophiques naturels et le nombre de branches qui caractérise leur arbre couvrant minimum. Cette vérification empirique du modèle indique que la théorie développée dans cette thèse pourrait permettre de mieux comprendre les rôles que jouent l'espace et de la dispersion dans l'assemblage et la structure des réseaux trophiques naturels à grandes échelles.

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Das, Indraneil. "Trophic ecology of a community of South Indian anuran amphibians". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305537.

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Wallace, Bryan Patrick Spotila James R. "The bioenergetics and trophic ecology of leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) /". Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2005. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/513.

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Hughes, Adam. "The trophic ecology of Psammechinus miliaris in Scottish sea lochs". Thesis, Open University, 2006. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/the-trophic-ecology-of-psammechinus-miliaris-in-scottish-sea-lochs(e43ce06b-4b20-4582-9beb-bdbc61b7a214).html.

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Understanding the trophic relationships between organisms is crucial to understanding ecosystem functioning and as such regular echinoids have been termed keystone through the action of their grazing. Much research has focused on this group’s action as herbivores, but as a group omnivory is common. The aim of this study was to investigate the trophic ecology of the locally super abundant regular echinoid species Psammechinus miliaris within Scottish sea lochs. To do this the study used manipulative field experiments combined with biochemical analysis of trophic proxies. The manipulative field experiments involved either the hand removal or the caging of P. miliaris to determine the impact the sea urchin grazinghas on benthic community structure. These studies revealed that grazing of P. miliaris can have a major influence on the biomass and structure of the benthic invertebrate communities. The biochemical analysis of trophic proxies was used to quantify the spatial and temporal variations in the trophic interactions of P. miliaris. These studies focused on the urchin gonad and compared differences in the gonadal somatic indices (reflecting nutritional and reproductive state) with the fatty acid biochemistry and stable isotope ratios of Carbon and Nitrogen. These studies revealed high levels of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the trophic interactions of P. miliaris and suggested that the populations exhibited significant levels of omnivory. The combination of these studies showed that P.miliaris plays an important role in structuring benthic invertebrate communities and in the flow of energy through ecosystems and through this, ecosystem functioning.

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Libros sobre el tema "Trophic ecology"

Garvey, James E. y Matt Whiles. Trophic Ecology. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2016.: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315367804.

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Hanley, Torrance C. y Kimberly J. La Pierre, eds. Trophic Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139924856.

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M, Alvarez-Cobelas y International Association of Phytoplankton Taxonomy and Ecology. Workshop, eds. Phytoplankton and trophic gradients. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.

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Villy, Christensen, Pauly D, International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management., International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. y DANIDA, eds. Trophic models of aquatic ecosystems. Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines: International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, 1993.

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R, Carpenter Stephen y Kitchell James F, eds. The Trophic cascade in lakes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

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Trophic organization in coastal systems. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2003.

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R, Carpenter Stephen y Kitchell James F, eds. The Trophic cascade in lakes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

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Opitz, Silvia. Trophic interactions in Caribbean coral reefs. Makati City, Philippines: International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, 1996.

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Opitz, Silvia. Trophic interactions in Caribbean coral reefs. Manila, Philippines: International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, 1996.

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Parmelee, Jeffrey R. Trophic ecology of a tropical anuran assemblage. [Lawrence, Kan.]: Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, 1999.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Trophic ecology"

Collins, Pablo. "Trophic Ecology". En Aeglidae, 97–131. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, [2020]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22343-4.

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Vinson, Mark R., Louise Chavarie, Caroline L. Rosinski y Heidi K. Swanson. "Trophic Ecology". En The Lake Charr Salvelinus namaycush: Biology, Ecology, Distribution, and Management, 287–314. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62259-6_9.

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Allan, J. David. "Trophic relationships". En Stream Ecology, 131–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0729-7_6.

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Allan, J. David, Maria M. Castillo y Krista A. Capps. "Trophic Relationships". En Stream Ecology, 247–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61286-3_9.

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Scheffer, Marten. "Trophic cascades". En Ecology of Shallow Lakes, 122–209. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3154-0_4.

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Chapin, F. Stuart, Pamela A. Matson y Peter M. Vitousek. "Trophic Dynamics". En Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology, 297–320. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9504-9_10.

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Persson, Anders, P. Anders Nilsson y Christer Brönmark. "Trophic interactions". En Biology and Ecology of Pike, 185–211. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2017. | “A Science Publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315119076-10.

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Rojo, C. y M. Alvarez-Cobelas. "A plea for more ecology in phytoplankton ecology". En The Trophic Spectrum Revisited, 141–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3488-2_13.

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Link, Jason S., Brian E. Smith, David B. Packer, Michael J. Fogarty y Richard W. Langton. "The trophic ecology of flatfishes". En Flatfishes, 283–313. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118501153.ch11.

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Pedrós-Alió, Carlos. "Trophic Ecology of Solar Salterns". En Halophilic Microorganisms, 33–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07656-9_2.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Trophic ecology"

Emets, E. V. y L. E. Mikheeva. "MUTANTS OF CYANOBACTERIA TRICHORMUS VARIABILIS ATCC29413 TOLERANT TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURE OF CULTIVATION". En NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND ECOLOGY. LLC Institute Information Technologies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-3-8.15-20.

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The article discusses the comparative characterization of the new mutant strains of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Trihormus variabilis selected at elevated temperature under hetero-trophic cultivation conditions.

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Roeder, Karl A. "Trophic ecology of a polymorphic invasive ant: Parsing within and between colony contributions". En 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111143.

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Perepelkin, V. V., Z. G. Kaurova y V. I. Nikolaev. "Assessment of the trophic status of the starotveretsky canal of the vyshnevolotsky water system by microbiological indicators of waters". En ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT. Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52419/3006-2022-3-73-74.

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Cullen, Thomas. "Multi-proxy, multi-taxic approaches to reconstructing community structure and trophic ecology in non-analogue Mesozoic contexts". En Goldschmidt2023. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2023.18498.

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Bulat, Denis, Dumitru Bulat, Marin Usatii, Nina Fulga, Oleg Crepis, Nicolae Saptefrati y Rostislav Chelmenciuc. "Particularităţile ihtiofaunei în zona Amonte-Aval de barajul Dubăsari". En International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.72.

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the taxonomic structure and ecological indices of the fish communities in two types of aquatic ecosystems separated by the Dubasari Dam. The carried out research revealed a richer specific diversity and significantly higher quantitative values of fishing communities in the downstream area of the hydro power plant. The decisive factor is the fragmentation of the Dniester River, causing the interruption of reproductive, trophic and winter migration of reobionticfish species.

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Mihailov, Irina y Svetlana Bacal. "Stafilinidofauna lemnului mort (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae: Omaliinae, Tachyporinae, Habrocerinae, Aleocharinae, Scaphidiinae, Staphylininae) din Republica Moldova". En International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.51.

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The paper presents a complementary contribution to the knowledge of the diversity of Staphylinides in dead wood studied in 6 points in the Republic of Moldova: The Prince’s Forest (Padurea Domneasca), Codrii Forest, Plaiul Fagului Forest, Flaminda Forest, Codrii Tigheci, Zabriceni Forest. During the period 2015-2016, 34 species of Staphylinides were identified, of 23 genres in 6 subfamilies: Omaliinae (1 species), Habrocerinae (1), Tachyporinae (8), Aleocharinae (10), Scaphidiinae (2), Staphylinins (12 species). For each species, are presented data on: the place of collection, membership in trophic classification, specification of the geographic element, highlighting common Staphylinides for some investigated stations, etc.

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Streib, Laura C., Christy C. Visaggi, Morgan E. Oldham, Austin B. Rickles, Daniel J. Gardner, Austin H. Gilly, Adam S. Acker, Bradley A. Parnell, Gregory P. Dietl y Patricia H. Kelley. "TROPHIC ECOLOGY AND BIOEROSION OF MOLLUSCAN FAUNAS FROM THE LOWER WACCAMAW FORMATION AT PRINCE'S QUARRY IN SOUTHEASTERN NORTH CAROLINA". En 65th Annual Southeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016se-273849.

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Muddiman, Benjamin, Ivo A. P. Duijnstee, William A. DiMichele, Scott D. Elrick y Cynthia Looy. "TRENDS IN PLANT DIVERSITY AND ECOLOGY IN THE EURAMERICAN PENNSYLVANIAN TROPICS". En GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-359173.

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Informes sobre el tema "Trophic ecology"

Hecht, Susanne B. The Natures of Progress: Land Use Dynamics and Forest Trends in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, febrero de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008989.

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Catastrophic deforestation and environmental degradation have become habits of thought about forest landscapes in Latin America's tropics. Yet these truisms blind analysts to three surprising changes. First, deforestation has slowed dramatically. Next, forest resurgence-largely a function of natural regeneration-is widely documented throughout the region on previously deforested lands. Finally, the importance of tree systems and complex environmental mosaics in working landscapes to produce livelihoods and environmental services and as supporting matrices for conservation is increasingly recognized. These dynamics over the last decade would have been unimaginable in the 1980s, the period that most shaped Euro-American perceptions of tropical forest trends. Deforestation "hot spots", each with a different political ecology, remain and command attention, but it is important to recognize that platforms for alternatives exist. Latin America has become an innovator in tropical environmental policy, institutions, incentives, and practices that support forested landscapes. These dynamics and other related issues will be further elucidated in this document.

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Hydrology and trophic ecology of Walden Pond, Concord, Massachusetts. US Geological Survey, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri014153.

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