Artículos de revistas: "Trnsys building model"

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Abdalla, Nidal. "Validated TRNSYS Model for Solar Assisted Space Heating Systems". Solar Energy and Sustainable Development Journal 3, n.º 1 (31 de diciembre de 2014): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51646/jsesd.v3i1.86.

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The present study involves a validated TRNSYS model for solar assisted space heating system as applied to a residential building in Jordan using new detailed radiation models of the TRNSYS 17.1 and geometric building model Trnsys3d for the Google SketchUp™ 3D drawing program. The annual heating load for a building (Solar House) which is located at the Royal Scientific Society (RSS) in Jordan is estimated under climatological conditions of Amman. The aim of this paper is to compare the measured thermal performance of the Solar House with that modeled using TRNSYS. The results showed that the annual measured space heating load for the building was 6,188 kWh while the heating load for the modeled building was 6,391 kWh. Moreover, the measured solar fraction for the solar system was 50% while the modeled solar fraction was 55%. A comparison of modeled and measured data resulted in percentage mean absolute errors for solar energy for space heating, auxiliary heating, and a solar fraction of 13%, 7%, and 10%, respectively. T e validated model will be useful for long-term performance simulation under different weather and operating conditions.

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Nayak, Ajaya Ketan y Aya Hagishima. "Modification of building energy simulation tool TRNSYS for modelling nonlinear heat and moisture transfer phenomena by TRNSYS/MATLAB integration". E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 25009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017225009.

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Software for numerical simulation of various types of energy used in buildings, i.e. building energy simulation (BES), have become an essential tool for recent research pertaining to building physics. TRNSYS is a well-known BES used in both academia and the construction industry for a wide range of simulations, such as the design and performance evaluation of buildings and related facilities for heating, cooling, and ventilation. TRNSYS has a modular structure comprising various components, and each component is interconnected and compiled through a common interface using a FORTRAN compiler. Its modular structure enables interactions with various external numerical simulation tools, such as MATLAB, Python, and ESP-r. For ordinary simulations of building energy load using TRNSYS, the generic module Type 56 is usually recommended, which provides detailed physics modelling of building thermal behaviours based on unsteady energy conservation equations and Fourier’s law for each building material. However, Type 56 explicitly depends on the transfer function method to discretise the original differential equations; therefore, it cannot model nonlinear phenomena, such as latent heat and moisture transfer between a building surface and ambient air. In other words, the current TRNSYS cannot be used to estimate the effectiveness of evaporation during cooling, which is a typical passive design method. Hence, the authors developed a MATLAB/TRNSYS integration scheme, in which TRNSYS was modified to model simultaneous heat and moisture transfer from the wet roof surface of a building. This scheme enabled TRNSYS to calculate the rate of evaporative heat and moisture transfer dynamically from the roof surface, assuming a control volume approximation of the roof surface. Finally, the effect of evaporative cooling on the thermal performance of an Indian building was estimated using the modified model.

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3

Ferroukhi, Mohammed, Rafik Belarbi, Karim Limam y Walter Bosschaerts. "Impact of coupled heat and moisture transfer effects on buildings energy consuption". Thermal Science 21, n.º 3 (2017): 1359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150608215f.

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Coupled heat, air, and moisture transfers through building envelope have an important effect on prediction of building energy requirements. Several works were conducted in order to integrate hygrothermal transfers in dynamic buildings simulations codes. However, the incorporation of multidirectional hygrothermal transfer analysis in the envelope into building simulation tools is rarely considered. In this work, coupled heat, air, and moisture (HAM) transfer model in multilayer walls was established. Thereafter, the HAM model is coupled dynamically to a building behavior code (BES).The coupling concerns a co-simulation between COMSOL Multiphysics and TRNSYS software. Afterward, the HAM-BES co-simulation accuracy was verified. Then, HAM-BES co-simulation platform was applied to a case study with various types of climates (temperate, hot and humid, cold and humid). Three simulations cases were carried out. The first simulation case consists of the TRNSYS model without HAM transfer model. The second simulation case, 1-D HAM model for the envelope was integrated in TRNSYS code. For the third one, 1-D HAM model for the wall and 2-D HAM model for thermal bridges were coupled to the thermal building model of TRNSYS. Analysis of the results confirms the significant impact of 2-D envelope hygrothermal transfers on the indoor thermal and moisture behavior of building as well as on the energy building assessment. These conclusions are shown for different studied climates.

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Aparicio-Fernández, Carolina, José-Luis Vivancos, Paula Cosar-Jorda y Richard A. Buswell. "Energy Modelling and Calibration of Building Simulations: A Case Study of a Domestic Building with Natural Ventilation". Energies 12, n.º 17 (31 de agosto de 2019): 3360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173360.

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In this paper, the building energy performance modelling tools TRNSYS (TRaNsient SYstem Simulation program) and TRNFlow (TRaNsient Flow) have been used to obtain the energy demand of a domestic building that includes the air infiltration rate and the effect of natural ventilation by using window operation data. An initial model has been fitted to monitoring data from the case study, building over a period when there were no heat gains in the building in order to obtain the building infiltration air change rate. After this calibration, a constant air-change rate model was established alongside two further models developed in the calibration process. Air change rate has been explored in order to determine air infiltrations caused by natural ventilation due to windows being opened. These results were compared to estimates gained through a previously published method and were found to be in good agreement. The main conclusion from the work was that the modelling ventilation rate in naturally ventilated residential buildings using TRNSYS and TRNSFlow can improve the simulation-based energy assessment.

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Li, Jiayu, Bohong Zheng, Komi Bernard Bedra, Zhe Li y Xiao Chen. "Evaluating the Effect of Window-to-Wall Ratios on Cooling-Energy Demand on a Typical Summer Day". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 16 (9 de agosto de 2021): 8411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168411.

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The window-to-wall ratio (WWR) significantly affects the indoor thermal environment, causing changes in buildings’ energy demands. This research couples the “Envi-met” model and the “TRNSYS” model to predict the impact of the window-to-wall ratio on indoor cooling energy demands in south Hunan. With the coupled model, “Envi-met + TRNSYS”, fixed meteorological parameters around the exterior walls are replaced by varied data provided by Envi-met. This makes TRNSYS predictions more accurate. Six window-to-wall ratios are considered in this research, and in each scenario, the electricity demand for cooling is predicted using “Envi-met + TRNSYS”. Based on the classification of thermal perception in south Hunan, the TRNSYS predictions of the electricity demand start with 30 °C as the threshold of refrigeration. The analytical results reveal that in a 6-storey residential building with 24 households, in order to maintain the air temperature below 30 °C, the electricity required for cooling buildings with 0% WWR, 20% WWR, 40% WWR, 60% WWR, 80% WWR, and 100% WWR are respectively 0 KW·h, 19.6 KW·h, 133.7 KW·h, 273.1 KW·h, 374.5 KW·h, and 461.9 KW·h. This method considers the influence of microclimate on the exterior wall and improves the accuracy of TRNSYS in predicting the energy demand for indoor cooling.

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Akpenpuun, T. D., Q. O. Ogunlowo, A. Rabiu, M. A. Adesanya, W. H. Na, M. O. Omobowale, Y. Mijinyawa y H. W. Lee. "Building Energy Simulation Model Application to Greenhouse Microclimate, Covering Material and Thermal Blanket Modelling: A Review". Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 19, n.º 3 (23 de septiembre de 2022): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v19i3.10.

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This review documents the present knowledge and knowledge gap in applying building energy simulation (BES) dynamic models to greenhouses. The focus of this review is to compile the literature on the BES dynamic model of greenhouse microclimate, covering materials, energy requirements and thermal blankets using the Transient System Simulation version 18 (TRNSYS 18) software. Fifty-two journal articles, mostly Science Citation Index (SCI) and Scopus index journals, on BES development and simulation of greenhouse microclimate, greenhouse energy requirement, covering materials and thermal blankets were reviewed. These researchers sought to optimise greenhouse crop production. The main features of the TRNSYS 18 software for BES development are outlined; each research consulted for this review successfully developed, simulated and validated its BES. However, none of these developed models included the vapour pressure deficit (VPD) as a greenhouse microclimate factor, an essential climate parameter. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that applying a BES developed using TRNSYS has excellent potential to optimise greenhouse crop production and help adapt appropriate climate control strategies and energy-saving techniques. However, it is recommended to include VPD in future BES model development.

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Eydner, Matthias, Bamo Toufek, Tobias Henzler y Konstantinos Stergiaropoulos. "Investigation of a multizone building with HVAC system using a coupled thermal and airflow model". E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 04040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911104040.

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In building energy simulations, the air infiltration and interzonal airflow are generally either not considered or calculated oversimplified. However, the effects of air infiltration and building airflow have an impact on the thermal comfort and the building’s energy load. The various zones in multi-zone buildings, the operation of windows, doors and mechanical ventilation make the system’s analysis complex and challenging. Building airflow affects pressure, temperature and moisture differences. Therefore, this study investigate the airflow inside a multizone building with changing user behavior, using a coupled building and system energy simulation. A decentralized air-only HVAC system provides the ventilation system with a control strategy, which variably adapts the airflow to the load in the individual zones. The effects of the air infiltration, interzonal airflow and mechanical ventilation in the building are investigated with a node and link network in TRNSYS using the airflow model TRNFLOW (COMIS). Investigating different variations of the ventilation rates and building’s airtightnesses, the results are shown by comparison with a reference model without airflow simulation. Finally, this study shows a comprehensive approach at low computational costs, determining the air quality, the thermal conditions and the airflow in a multizone building using an HVAC system.

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Serbouti, Abdelhadi, Mourad Rattal, Abdellah Boulal, Mohammed Harmouchi y Azeddine Mouhsen. "Application of sensitivity analysis and genopt to optimize the energy performance of a building in Morocco". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 4 (10 de septiembre de 2018): 2068. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.13280.

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The worldwide demographic and economic growth increases the global need for energy and directly contributes to climate change. In Morocco, the residential real estate is the third largest consumer of energy after transport and industry sectors. Thus, the aim of this study is to help engineers improve the energy performance of residential buildings by coupling the TRNSYS software both with a sensitivity analysis method and with an optimization tool. In fact, sensitivity analysis allows reducing the number of input parameters of any studied model, by ranking their degree of impact on any chosen output, and then discard the parameters with the least influence on that output. To do so, we developed algorithms in Python programming language to combine the open source library SALib, available in Github platform, with the TRNSYS software. Then, the chosen input parameters can be optimized through coupling the generic optimization program Genopt with TRNSYS. This article will also explain how these tools were applied to reduce the heating & air-conditioning needs of a high-energy consumption building in Morocco, while studying the variation of nineteen input parameters in TRNSYS. The main aim is to meet the energy performance requirement of the Moroccan thermal regulation for buildings.

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9

Hou, Xu, Kailiang Huang, Guohui Feng, Yuxiang Hao y Minghui Yu. "Simulatiomn of BHE fresh air air conditioning system based on TRNSYS-CFD Hybrid Simulation". E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235604013.

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In order to solve the problem of input fresh air overheating (cooling) in the cold supply (heating) season in severe cold regions, a soil source (BHE) combined with fresh air preheating (cooling) air conditioning system was studied in a net-zero energy building in Shenyang. Firstly, a hybrid TRNSYS-CFD simulation model based on TRNSYS and Fluent simulation software was established to simulate the operation and indoor temperature distribution of the air conditioning system in the building during a typical day in the summer (winter) season. The TRNSYS-CFD hybrid simulation allows simultaneous analysis of the operating characteristics of the air conditioning system and the real-time indoor temperature distribution. The results show that the accuracy of the hybrid simulation is compared with that of the TRNSYS stand-alone simulation by monitoring the temperature changes in each room. The room temperature from the TRNSYS stand-alone simulation is the average temperature of the room return air, while the room temperature from the hybrid simulation has a stratification effect and the simulation data is more valuable for reference.

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Kassai, Miklos. "Development and experimental validation of a TRNSYS model for energy design of air-to-water heat pump system". Thermal Science 24, n.º 2 Part A (2020): 893–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci181206070k.

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The object of this research work is the comparison of the annual primary energy consumption of different types of heating systems, using two different calculation methods. The TRNSYS 18 software makes use of dynamic simulation, while the WinWatt software calculates according to the Hungarian implementation of EPBD (Decree No. 7/2006). There were differences in results which could be caused by the more precise calculation of the TRNSYS software. Differences were shown also in the weather data used by the two computer tools that had one of the most important effects on the results according this investigation. The number of heating degree days used by TRNSYS is 10% less, than that the Hungarian decree provides. Using the yearly measured energy consumption data given by the inhabitant of the investigated family house, the validation of the developed dynamic building energy simulation model by TRNSYS could be also achieved with good agreement.

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Bagheri, Ali, Konstantinos N. Genikomsakis y Christos S. Ioakimidis. "Implementation of System Identification Techniques and Optimal Control for RC Model Selection by Means of TRNSYS Simulation Results and Experimental Data". Buildings 12, n.º 10 (7 de octubre de 2022): 1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101625.

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Simulating the thermal model of a district requires simultaneously retaining accuracy and simplicity, in order to avoid cumbersome calculations and unrealistic predictions. Within this scope, introducing a simple structure for modeling the energy consumption of a building that can be expanded to the district level becomes essential. In this paper, a hierarchy of thermal models with increasing complexity is developed to identify the simplest structure that can effectively represent the thermal behavior of a building, using a simulated building in TRNSYS and the measurements of a real building as two datasets to estimate the model parameters. Each model is placed in a closed loop system to track the constant indoor temperature by means of the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) technique. To select the best structure, the model outputs are compared to TRNSYS simulations and measurements. The main features of the selected models include the use of only a few parameters to predict the indoor temperature, peak power, total heat demand, and transient behavior of a building. It is shown that the proposed models are able to determine the indoor temperature with less than 1 °C of error, and the total heat demand and peak power are also determined with an error lower than 25%.

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Gargab, Fatima Zohra, Amine Allouhi, Tarik Kousksou, Haytham El-Houari, Abdelmajid Jamil y Ali Benbassou. "Energy Efficiency for Social Buildings in Morocco, Comparative (2E) Study: Active VS. Passive Solutions Via TRNsys". Inventions 6, n.º 1 (28 de diciembre de 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions6010004.

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This paper aims to highlight the potential of solar water heater installations in Morocco. The project involves the comparison of active and passive solutions for energy efficiency in buildings. To this end, a numerical simulation model of solar water heater installations is created under TRNsys. Three hot water demand scenarios (Low, Standard, and High) were taken into account for the six climatic zones defined in the Moroccan thermal regulation of constructions. The same software (TRNsys) is used to model a pilot building consisting of 16 flats. Energy efficiency actions have been applied to the building envelope (insulation and glazing) and simulations are made for the six areas. The simulation results comparing energy and financial savings show the influence of subsidized gas prices on solar water heaters’ relevance despite significant energy savings. This work proves that solar water heaters will be a primary obligation for Morocco, taking into account changes in butane gas prices.

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Bagheri, Ali, Konstantinos N. Genikomsakis, Véronique Feldheim y Christos S. Ioakimidis. "Sensitivity Analysis of 4R3C Model Parameters with Respect to Structure and Geometric Characteristics of Buildings". Energies 14, n.º 3 (28 de enero de 2021): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030657.

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Data-driven models, either simplified or detailed, have been extensively used in the literature for energy assessment in buildings and districts. However, the uncertainty of the estimated parameters, especially of thermal masses in resistance–capacitance (RC) models, still remains a significant challenge, given the wide variety of buildings functionalities, typologies, structures and geometries. Therefore, the sensitivity analysis of the estimated parameters in RC models with respect to different geometric characteristics is necessary to examine the accuracy of identified models. In this work, heavy- and light-structured buildings are simulated in Transient System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS) to analyze the effects of four main geometric characteristics on the total heat demand, maximum heat power and the estimated parameters of an RC model (4R3C), namely net-floor area, windows-to-floor ratio, aspect ratio, and orientation angle. Executing more than 700 simulations in TRNSYS and comparing the outcomes with their corresponding 4R3C model shows that the thermal resistances of 4-facade building structures are estimated with good accuracy regardless of their geometric features, while the insulation level has the highest impact on the estimated parameters. Importantly, the results obtained also indicate that the 4R3C model can estimate the indoor temperature with a mean square error of less than 0.5 °C for all cases.

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Chen, Changcheng, Jingjing An, Chuang Wang, Xiaorong Duan, Shiyu Lu, Hangyu Che, Meiwei Qi y Da Yan. "Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Joint Optimization Control of Indoor Temperature and Relative Humidity in Office Buildings". Buildings 13, n.º 2 (4 de febrero de 2023): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020438.

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Indoor temperature and relative humidity control in office buildings is crucial, which can affect thermal comfort, work efficiency, and even health of the occupants. In China, fan coil units (FCUs) are widely used as air-conditioning equipment in office buildings. Currently, conventional FCU control methods often ignore the impact of indoor relative humidity on building occupants by focusing only on indoor temperature as a single control object. This study used FCUs with a fresh-air system in an office building in Beijing as the research object and proposed a deep reinforcement learning (RL) control algorithm to adjust the air supply volume for the FCUs. To improve the joint control satisfaction rate of indoor temperature and relative humidity, the proposed RL algorithm adopted the deep Q-network algorithm. To train the RL algorithm, a detailed simulation environment model was established in the Transient System Simulation Tool (TRNSYS), including a building model and FCUs with a fresh-air system model. The simulation environment model can interact with the RL agent in real time through a self-developed TRNSYS–Python co-simulation platform. The RL algorithm was trained, tested, and evaluated based on the simulation environment model. The results indicate that compared with the traditional on/off and rule-based controllers, the RL algorithm proposed in this study can increase the joint control satisfaction rate of indoor temperature and relative humidity by 12.66% and 9.5%, respectively. This study provides preliminary direction for a deep reinforcement learning control strategy for indoor temperature and relative humidity in office building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems.

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Ha, Sang-Woo, Seung-Hoon Park, Jae-Yong Eom, Min-Suk Oh, Ga-Young Cho y Eui-Jong Kim. "Parameter Calibration for a TRNSYS BIPV Model Using In Situ Test Data". Energies 13, n.º 18 (20 de septiembre de 2020): 4935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184935.

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Installing renewable energy systems for zero-energy buildings has become increasingly common; building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems, which integrate PV modules into the building envelope, are being widely selected as renewable systems. In particular, owing to the rapid growth of information and communication technology, the requirement for appropriate operation and control of energy systems has become an important issue. To meet these requirements, a computational model is essential; however, some unmeasurable parameters can result in inaccurate results. This work proposes a calibration method for unknown parameters of a well-known BIPV model based on in situ test data measured over eight days; this parameter calibration was conducted via an optimization algorithm. The unknown parameters were set such that the results obtained from the BIPV simulation model are similar to the in situ measurement data. Results of the calibrated model indicated a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.39 °C and 0.26 kW in the BIPV cell temperature and total power production, respectively, whereas the noncalibrated model, which used typical default values for unknown parameters, showed an RMSE of 6.92 °C and 0.44 kW for the same outputs. This calibration performance was quantified using measuring data from the first four days; the error increased slightly when data from the remaining four days were compared for the model tests.

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Kiki, G., P. André, A. Houngan y C. Kouchadé. "Improving the energy efficiency of an office building by applying a thermal comfort model". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 012172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012172.

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Abstract The building represents one of the main actors of global warming of the planet because of the significant amounts of energy consumed. In Benin, 44,38% of electrical energy is consumed by office and service buildings. This is explained by the excessive use of air conditioning systems due to the lack of a thermal comfort index specific to the region. This work therefore focuses on assessing the impact of the choice of a thermal comfort model on the energy efficiency of buildings. For this purpose, an office building was chosen in the south of Benin and comfort surveys were conducted among the occupants. The model selected for this purpose is the adaptive model developed by López-Pérez and al. for air-conditioned buildings in humid tropical regions. Subsequently, a monitoring campaign of meteorological, hygrothermal and energetic data of the building was carried out during six months. The results obtained show that the average temperature of the offices (Tf ≈ 24°C) during the hours of occupancy is relatively lower than the comfort temperature determined with the model (Tc = 26.2°C). Moreover, the different simulations carried out under TRNSYS by substituting the office temperatures by the comfort temperature show a reduction of about 20% of the building’s energy consumption. This shows the importance of the comfort model of López-Pérez and al. in improving the energy efficiency of the building.

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Murshed, Syed Monjur, Solène Picard y Andreas Koch. "Modelling, Validation and Quantification of Climate and Other Sensitivities of Building Energy Model on 3D City Models". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, n.º 11 (15 de noviembre de 2018): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7110447.

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New planning tools are required to depict the complete building stock in a city and investigate detailed measures on reaching local and global targets to improve energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To pursue this objective, ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) 13790:2008 monthly heating and cooling energy calculation method is implemented using geometric information from 3D city models (e.g., CityGML format) in an open source software architecture. A model is developed and applied in several urban districts with different number of 3D buildings in various cities. The model is validated with the simulation software TRNSYS. We also perform a sensitivity analysis to quantify the impact of climate change and other physical and behavioral factors on modelling results. The proposed approach can help to perform city or district-wide analysis of the building energy needs and prepare different renovation plans to support decision-making, which finally will enhance the livability of a city and the quality of life of the citizens.

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Kropas, Tomas, Giedrė Streckienė, Vladimirs Kirsanovs y Mikelis Dzikevics. "Investigation of Heat Pump Efficiency in Baltic States Using TRNSYS Simulation Tool". Environmental and Climate Technologies 26, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 548–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2022-0042.

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Abstract A heat pump is one of the most popular energy transformation devices to provide the building with the necessary heating and cooling energy during the cold and warm seasons. Air source heat pumps (ASHP) in building heating and/or hot water systems are becoming more and more attractive these days because they can use renewable energy as an energy source instead of fossil fuels and thus contribute to the fight against climate change. By using an evaporator heat exchanger, ASHP takes the low-potential heat from the ambient air and transforms it into higher-potential heat for building heating and/or hot water preparation. The main problem with this type of energy transformer is the freezing of the evaporator at high outdoor humidity and a temperature close to 0° C when the condensed moisture of the ambient turns to frost on the surface of the evaporator heat exchanger. This phenomenon significantly reduces the efficiency (COP) of the ASHP. Thus, its performance strongly depends on the climatic conditions of the environment in which it operates. This study presents a numerical model of the heat pump under investigation developed with the TRNSYS software. The type of heat pump used in TRNSYS has been adjusted according to the heat pump characteristics provided by the manufacturer. The validated model is used to model the heating system of a building in the three Baltic States. Modeling results under different climatic conditions are presented.

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Dzhenblat, Sil'vana y Ol'ga Vladimirovna Volkova. "Vliyanie teploakkumuliruyushchey steny s vodyanym teploobmennikom na okhlazhdayushchuyu nagruzku v zdanii. Chast' 1". Refrigeration Technology 109, n.º 3 (15 de marzo de 2020): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rf104068.

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The paper presents the results of mathematical modeling and experimental research of the effect of a heataccumulating wall with a water heat exchanger on building cooling. The first part describes the mathematical model of the building. The modeling was carried out using the TRNSYS program that allowed computing an hourly load of cooling the heataccumulating walls with a water heat exchanger for the purpose of subsequent comparison with the cooling load of a sample room. The building modeling scheme, the heat network model, and the method of calculating the total thermal resistance of the thermosetting wall layer are given as well

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Rasheed, Adnan, Cheul Soon Kwak, Hyeon Tae Kim y Hyun Woo Lee. "Building Energy an Simulation Model for Analyzing Energy Saving Options of Multi-Span Greenhouses". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 19 (1 de octubre de 2020): 6884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196884.

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This study proposes a multi-span greenhouse Building Energy Simulation (BES) model using a Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS)-18 program. A detailed BES model was developed and validated to simulate the thermal environment in the greenhouse under different design parameters for the multi-span greenhouse. Validation of the model was carried out by comparing the results from computed and experimental greenhouse internal temperatures. The statistical analyses produced an R2 value of 0.84, a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 1.8 °C, and a relative (r)RMSE value of 6.7%, showing good agreement between computed and experimental results. The validated proposed BES model was used to evaluate the effect of multi-span greenhouse design parameters including thermal screens, number of screens, orientation, covering materials, double glazing, north-wall insulation, roof geometry, and natural ventilation, on the annual energy demand of the greenhouse, subjected to Taean Gun (latitude 36.88° N, longitude 126.24° E), Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea winter and summer season weather conditions. Additionally, the proposed BES model is capable of evaluating multi-span greenhouse design parameters with daily and seasonal dynamic control of thermal and shading screens, natural ventilation, as well as heating and cooling set-points. The TRNSYS 18 program proved to be highly flexible for carrying out simulations under local weather conditions and user-defined design and control of the greenhouse. The statistical analysis of validated results should encourage the adoption of the proposed model when the underlying aim is to evaluate the design parameters of multi-span greenhouses considering local weather conditions and specific needs.

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Lv, Ruixin, Zhongyuan Yuan, Bo Lei, Jiacheng Zheng y Xiujing Luo. "Model Predictive Control with Adaptive Building Model for Heating Using the Hybrid Air-Conditioning System in a Railway Station". Energies 14, n.º 7 (5 de abril de 2021): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14071996.

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A model predictive control (MPC) system with an adaptive building model based on thermal-electrical analogy for the hybrid air conditioning system using the radiant floor and all-air system for heating is proposed in this paper to solve the heating supply control difficulties of the railway station on Tibetan Plateau. The MPC controller applies an off-line method of updating the building model to improve the accuracy of predicting indoor conditions. The control performance of the adaptive MPC is compared with the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, as well as an MPC without adaptive model through simulation constructed based on a TRNSYS-MATLAB co-simulation testbed. The results show that the implementation of the adaptive MPC can improve indoor thermal comfort and reduce 22.2% energy consumption compared to the PID control. Compared to the MPC without adaptive model, the adaptive MPC achieves fewer violations of constraints and reduces energy consumption by 11.5% through periodic model updating. This study focuses on the design of a control system to maintain indoor thermal comfort and improve system efficiency. The proposed method could also be applied in other public buildings.

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Murshed, S. M., S. Picard y A. Koch. "CITYBEM: AN OPEN SOURCE IMPLEMENTATION AND VALIDATION OF MONTHLY HEATING AND COOLING ENERGY NEEDS FOR 3D BUILDINGS IN CITIES". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W5 (23 de octubre de 2017): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w5-83-2017.

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Cities play an important role in reaching local and global targets on energy efficiency and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. In order to determine the potential of energy efficiency in the building sector new planning instruments are required that allow depicting the complete building stock on the one hand and investigate detailed measures on the other hand. To pursue this objective, the ISO 13970:2008 monthly heating and cooling energy model is implemented using an open source based software architecture (CityBEM), in connection with data from 3D city models in the CityGML standard (LOD2). Input parameters such as the building geometry, typology and energy characteristics have been associated with the 3D data. The model has been applied to several urban districts with different numbers of buildings in the city of Karlsruhe. In order to test the accuracy of the implemented model and its robustness, a 3-step validation has been conducted. The comparison of simulation results with results based on a TRNSYS simulation showed acceptable results for the studied application cases. The proposed approach can help urban decision makers to perform a city or district wide analysis of the building energy need which can be further used to prepare future scenarios or renovation plans to support decision making.

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Pokorny, Nikola y Tomas Matuska. "Performance analysis of glazed PVT collectors for multifamily building". E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 12003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017212003.

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The paper deals with performance analysis of potential application of glazed photovoltaic-thermal collector for domestic hot water preparation for multifamily building in European climatic conditions. Two different solutions are studied, glazed photovoltaic-thermal collectors integrated in the building envelope and glazed photovoltaic-thermal collectors fixed on the roof of the building. Moreover, the paper presents a comparison with conventional side by side installation of solar thermal collectors and photovoltaic panels to show the benefit of photovoltaic-thermal collectors. Simulation analysis has been done in TRNSYS with use of developed and validated mathematical model of glazed photovoltaic-thermal collector.

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24

Asadi, Ehsan, Manuel Gameiro da Silva, Carlos Henggeler Antunes y Luís Dias. "A multi-objective optimization model for building retrofit strategies using TRNSYS simulations, GenOpt and MATLAB". Building and Environment 56 (octubre de 2012): 370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.04.005.

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25

Xue, Guiyuan, Chen Wu, Wenjuan Niu, Xun Dou, Shizhen Wang y Yadie Fu. "Flexible Control Strategy for Intelligent Building Air Conditioning System". E3S Web of Conferences 252 (2021): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125201039.

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An improved optimization adjustment strategy for building heating ventilation and air conditioning (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning, HVAC) is proposed. The energy consumption model of building heating/refrigeration is established by using the instantaneous energy balance of heat, and then the optimal operation strategy of building HVAC energy based on weather forecast data is constructed in the range of user temperature comfort. Finally, the MATLAB and TRNSYS simulation techniques are used to verify the example. Simulation results show that the optimal operation strategy of building HVAC energy based on weather forecast data can not only significantly reduce the cost of energy use, but also effectively improve the absorption capacity of renewable energy on the building side.

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26

Kierdorf, Daniel, Jakob Hahn y Werner Lang. "Climate change and building technologies: investigations of future weather scenarios on building energy performance". E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101074.

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This paper aims to investigate the impact of future climate on building systems, taking account of a strict building standard. A building is modelled in TRNSYS regarding a sustainable heating and cooling energy production by solar heating and radiative cooling in combination with water storage tanks. Sensitivity analyses (Morris Method) are performed for the technical building configurations for the years 2030, 2050 and 2100 (REMO climate model). They are compared and evaluated with the current reference climate (TRY) of 2017. The objective is to show which components have a significant influence on the energy consumption of buildings. Furthermore, due to the climate change sustainable building technologies are necessary. This paper demonstrates how the influence of the climate can be counteracted from the perspective of building services. Global warming requires a rethink of the interaction between building design, building technologies and climate. In this point building services engineering offers the most flexibility. By performing parameter studies, early knowledge about the building and its required technology can be gained. The target value of this study is the indoor air temperature as a function of the outdoor temperature. The objective function corresponds to specifications according to the European standard EN 15251. Following the parameter studies, optimization processes are carried out.

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27

Zhang, Jun Jie, Ling Hong Xu, Heng Min y Ling Yun Wang. "Effect of a Cumulative Cold and Heat Load Ratio on Hybrid Ground-Source Heat Pump System Performance Parameters". Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (marzo de 2015): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.26.

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The imbalance in cold and heat load in large public buildings located in a cooling-dominated areas is apparent. To explore the effect of a cumulative cold and heat load ratio (CCHLR) on the performance parameters of the hybrid ground-source heat pump system (HGSHPS) of large public buildings, this study selects a Wuhan office building as the simulation object. When this model is considered as the prototype, five other building models whose CCHLR interval is relatively uniform can be developed. The full-year dynamic loads of the six models were calculated with Designer’s Simulation Toolkits. The 20-year simulation of the six HGSHPS models was conducted with TRNSYS. Then, the performance parameters of the HGSHPS model under different CCHLR values were studied and compared. These parameters included the average soil temperature, exiting fluid temperature (ExFT) of the ground heat exchanger (GHE), average energy efficiency ratio, and specific energy consumption (the electrical energy required to obtain per kilowatt cooling or heating capacity) of the heat pump system. Simulation results indicated that with the increase in CCHLR, the average soil temperature rapidly increases, the ExFT of the GHE increases to a value that is considerably higher than the suggested standard, and the specific energy consumption of the system increases.

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28

Pérez-Andreu, Víctor, Carolina Aparicio-Fernández, José-Luis Vivancos y Javier Cárcel-Carrasco. "Experimental Data and Simulations of Performance and Thermal Comfort in a Typical Mediterranean House". Energies 14, n.º 11 (4 de junio de 2021): 3311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113311.

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The number of buildings renovated following the introduction of European energy-efficiency policy represents a small number of buildings in Spain. So, the main Spanish building stock needs an urgent energy renovation. Using passive strategies is essential, and thermal characterization and predictive tests of the energy-efficiency improvements achieving acceptable levels of comfort for their users are urgently necessary. This study analyzes the energy performance and thermal comfort of the users in a typical Mediterranean dwelling house. A transient simulation has been used to acquire the scope of Spanish standards for its energy rehabilitation, taking into account standard comfort conditions. The work is based on thermal monitoring of the building and a numerical validated model developed in TRNSYS. Energy demands for different models have been calculated considering different passive constructive measures combined with real wind site conditions and the behavior of users related to natural ventilation. This methodology has given us the necessary information to decide the best solution in relation to energy demand and facility of implementation. The thermal comfort for different models is not directly related to energy demand and has allowed checking when and where the measures need to be done.

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29

Freppel, Wirich, Geoffrey Promis, Anh Dung Tran Le, Omar Douzane y Thierry Langlet. "Development of a Novel Experimental Facility to Assess Heating Systems’ Behaviour in Buildings". Energies 15, n.º 13 (23 de junio de 2022): 4615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134615.

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The building sector represents approximately 40% of the global energy consumption, of which 18 to 73% is represented by heating and ventilation. One focus of research for reducing energy consumption is to study the interaction between the heating system, the occupant’s behaviour, and the building’s thermal mass. For this purpose, a new experimental facility was developed. It consists of a real accommodation in which the thermal performance of the envelope, the heating system, the room’s layout, the weather conditions, and the occupant’s activity are variable parameters. A simulation model of the experimental facility, built in TRNSYS, was used to characterise the experimental facility. This article details the development of the experimental facility and then compares results for two different types of building inertia (low and high thermal masses). Results show the accuracy of the thermal inertia reproduction in the experimental facility and highlight the possibilities of improvements in the interaction between heating systems and building envelope efficiency.

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30

Bekkouche, Sidi Mohammed El Amine, Tayeb Benouaz, Maamar Hamdani, Mohamed Kamel Cherier, Mohamed Rédha Yaiche y Noceir Benamrane. "MODELLING AND EXPERIMENT OF BUILDINGS THERMO-AERAULIC BEHAVIOR ACCORDING TO THE LEVEL-COMPACTNESS IN SAHARAN CLIMATE CONDITIONS". Engineering Structures and Technologies 8, n.º 3 (21 de septiembre de 2016): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2016.1211492.

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A large number of studies of building energy simulation neglect the humidity, or well represented, with a very simplified method. It is for this reason that we have developed a new approach to the description and modelling of multizone buildings in Saharan climate. The concept of the form factor and index compactness “quotient of external walls area and volume of the building” are two of the key elements for analyzing the building geometry. We can introduce it’s as validation tools in some cases. In this paper, governing equations of physical phenomena allow to build a model of the thermo-aeraulic behavior. The primary objective is the validation of numerical results able to determine the humidity and temperature in a multizone space. The calculated results were compared with firstly, experimental values, and secondly with simulated results using TRNSYS software. We check if the results change radically for an invariable compactness index. The comparison shows that the found results are to some extent satisfactory. For buildings of similar thermal properties, especially, the used construction materials, the thermal insulation and thermal inertia level, orientation, etc., the result proves that temperature and specific humidity varie slightly when the compactness index is constant.

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31

Gregório-Atem, Camila, Carolina Aparicio-Fernández, Helena Coch y José-Luis Vivancos. "Opaque Ventilated Façade (OVF) Thermal Performance Simulation for Office Buildings in Brazil". Sustainability 12, n.º 18 (16 de septiembre de 2020): 7635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187635.

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Opaque ventilated façades (OVFs) are increasingly gaining in importance in the design of sustainable buildings, given that they can lessen the building´s environmental impact. Opaque ventilated façades can reduce thermal gains in hot climate zones, improving the thermal comfort indoors, and reducing air conditioning demand. Nevertheless, the thermal behaviour of the opaque ventilated façade depends on the climatic conditions and the building´s specific design. This study analyses the effect of opaque ventilated façades in office buildings using 30 constructive configurations under eight tropical climate conditions. The study considers three options for the external layer of cladding (ceramic, stone, and aluminium composite material) and two configurations for the inner layer (plasterboard with mineral wool and ceramic). Simulations were carried out using the software tools TRanNsient SYstem Simulation program (TRNSYS) and TRNFlow. The model developed considers bioclimatic characteristics, including solar radiation and wind conditions for each climatic zone. The operating temperature was selected from within the range established by occupant comfort regulations. The findings suggest that it is possible to select the best office building opaque ventilated façade configuration for each of the specific climate conditions in Brazil.

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32

He, Lei, Bo Lei, Haiquan Bi y Tao Yu. "Simplified Building Thermal Model Used for Optimal Control of Radiant Cooling System". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2976731.

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MPC has the ability to optimize the system operation parameters for energy conservation. Recently, it has been used in HVAC systems for saving energy, but there are very few applications in radiant cooling systems. To implement MPC in buildings with radiant terminals, the predictions of cooling load and thermal environment are indispensable. In this paper, a simplified thermal model is proposed for predicting cooling load and thermal environment in buildings with radiant floor. In this thermal model, the black-box model is introduced to derive the incident solar radiation, while the genetic algorithm is utilized to identify the parameters of the thermal model. In order to further validate this simplified thermal model, simulated results from TRNSYS are compared with those from this model and the deviation is evaluated based on coefficient of variation of root mean square (CV). The results show that the simplified model can predict the operative temperature with a CV lower than 1% and predict cooling loads with a CV lower than 10%. For the purpose of supervisory control in HVAC systems, this simplified RC thermal model has an acceptable accuracy and can be used for further MPC in buildings with radiation terminals.

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33

Villa-Arrieta, Manuel y Andreas Sumper. "A model for an economic evaluation of energy systems using TRNSYS". Applied Energy 215 (abril de 2018): 765–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.045.

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34

Ahamed, Md Shamim, Huiqing Guo y Karen Tanino. "Modeling heating demands in a Chinese-style solar greenhouse using the transient building energy simulation model TRNSYS". Journal of Building Engineering 29 (mayo de 2020): 101114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101114.

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35

Butt, Iftikhar Bashir, Jinwang Tan, Adeel Waqas, Majid Ali, Adeel Javed y Asfand Yar Ali. "Effect of Modified Flow Schemes of Heat Transfer Fluid on the Performance of a Solar Absorption–Cooling System for an Educational Building in Pakistan". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 9 (11 de mayo de 2020): 3327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093327.

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Performance of solar absorption cooling systems (SACS) is the focus of contemporary studies for decreasing the electrical energy consumption of buildings as the conventional cooling system of buildings is the main consumer of electrical energy during the summer season in hot–humid climates. In this study, the performance analysis of SACS by manipulating different flow schemes to the heat transfer fluid between different components of the system was performed. TRNSYS model of SACS in an education building located at the city of Peshawar (34.00 N, 71.54 E), Pakistan to encounter the peak cooling load of 108 kW (during operating hours of the building i.e., 09 a.m. to 05 p.m.) is developed and all possible flow schemes of heat transfer fluid between the system’s components were compared. In Scheme-1 (S-1), a conventional flow pattern is used in which the hot water exiting from the chiller unit flows directly toward the stratified thermal storage unit. In Scheme-2 (S-2), the modified flow pattern of hot water exiting from the chiller unit will divert towards the auxiliary unit, if its temperature exceeds the temperature at the hot side outlet of the tank. Another modified flow pattern is Scheme-3 (S-3) in which the hot water leaving the chiller to keep diverting towards the auxiliary unit unless the outlet temperature from the hotter side of the tank would reach the minimum driving temperature (109 °C) of the chiller’s operation. Simulations in TRNSYS evaluates the SACS’s performance of all the schemes (conventional and modified) for the whole summer season and for each month. In general, S-3 with evacuated tube solar collector results in better primary energy saving with the smallest collector area per kilowatt for achieving 50% primary energy saving for the whole summer season.

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36

Vallati, Andrea, Miriam Di Matteo y Costanza Vittoria Fiorini. "Retrofit Proposals for Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort in Historic Public Buildings: The Case of the Engineering Faculty’s Seat of Sapienza University". Energies 16, n.º 1 (23 de diciembre de 2022): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010151.

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The building sector greatly contributes to energy consumption and Greenhouse Gas emissions, relating to the whole building life cycle. Boasting a huge building heritage of historical and architectural value, Europe faces challenging retrofit perspectives, as the potential for high energy efficiency has to be exploited while preserving the buildings’ original characteristics. The present work aims to feature the influence of a passive strategy on a heritage building in a mild climate. As historical its façade cannot be modified, its large glazing areas involve multiple issues, such as an increase in the heating (QH) and cooling (QC) energy demands and the risk of thermal discomfort. Thus, window replacement was proposed for retrofitting. A dynamic simulation model in TRNSYS was validated with experimental data collected by the continuous monitoring of walls of different thicknesses and orientations. Solutions from replacement with Double Glazing Units (DGUs) with improved thermal insulation, to internal shading activation were applied. All configurations were compared in terms of QH, QC, thermal performance of the building and user comfort (Fanger). Low-e DGU enabled the saving of up to 14% of the annual energy demand, and shading also offered good results in summer, reducing QC by 19%. In summer, DGU involved a maximum PPD reduction of 10 units.

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37

Colucci, Chiara, Luca Mauri y Andrea Vallati. "About the shortwave multiple reflections in an urban street canyon building related to three different European climates". MATEC Web of Conferences 240 (2018): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824005004.

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Energy exchanges between buildings is affected by urban fabric. As a matter of fact, heat exchange between adjacent buildings is due to convective and radiative heat flows. The main parameters which influence these heat exchange mechanisms are due to climate conditions such as air temperatures/humidity, wind speed/direction and solar irradiance. Most building energy simulations are done on an independent single building with typical meteorological year (TMY). These TMY meteorological data cannot represent the state of the urban microclimate and rather ignores the microclimate influence on buildings adjacent to street canyons. However, solar radiation shading and reflection of the environment within the street canyons are important factors affecting the energy consumption of buildings. In this work, a building energy simulation tool is used to study the impact of multiple shortwave inter-reflections in an urban environment. A street canyon model validated in a previous work was modeled in TRNSYS in order to simulate the effects of the urban radiative trapping. An urban canyon with aspect ratio H/W=1 was chosen, with South-North orientation, with transparent/opaque surfaces ratio Atr/Aop=0.5 and 4 values (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) of reflectance factor of the envelope surfaces. The goal is to characterize how solar absorption influence the urban energy requirements. The analysis was conducted for 3 cities in different climatic zones: Rome, Palermo and Krakow.

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38

Assadi, Morteza Khalaji y Ali Mohammadi. "Simulation of Dynamical Performance of Solar Desiccant Cooling Cycle". Applied Mechanics and Materials 819 (enero de 2016): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.160.

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In this research, solar desiccant cooling cycles in ventilation and hybrid mode are simulated. To simulate cycles, at first a model for desiccant wheel simulation is presented and a computer code based on experimental correlations is used to solve equations. Then by TRNSYS software a model for solar hot water system is simulated, and eventually by representing a suitable algorithm, computer program for simulating solar desiccant cooling cycles by EES software is developed. For all components of desiccant cycle, the dynamic optimum were based on regeneration temperature and solar fraction, and after optimum, dynamic cycle performance in an office building with an area of 115 m2 located in Bushehr city, capacity of cooling 3 ton refrigeration were analyzed. The results show that solar desiccant cooling cycles in comparison with compression refrigeration cycles with 40% saving in energy consumption and also during the day and in office buildings have a better performance.

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Assimakopoulos, Margarita-Niki, Dimitra Papadaki, Francesco Tariello y Giuseppe Peter Vanoli. "A Holistic Approach for Energy Renovation of the Town Hall Building in a Typical Small City of Southern Italy". Sustainability 12, n.º 18 (17 de septiembre de 2020): 7699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187699.

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The reduction of buildings energy demand represents one of the main goals in developed countries in order to achieve a sustainable future. In Italy a significant number of public administration offices are located in historical buildings, especially in small provincial towns. In this paper the analysis of the energy and environmental effects deriving from the plant renovation of the Palazzo San Giorgio, the building offices of the municipality of Campobasso (Southern Italy), is carried out. The simulation model of the building-plant system has been implemented with the TRNSYS software using data collected in the survey campaign. It has been calibrated on the basis of the billed electricity and gas consumption and then, further used to evaluate the reduction of the building primary energy demands and CO2 emissions deriving from some non-invasive energy refurbishment measures: led lighting, thermostatic valves, cogeneration system and photovoltaic plant. The latter was considered in two variants: the first one provides a system completely integrated into the roof, the second one high efficiency non-integrated panels. The interventions have been evaluated both individually and combined. A primary energy saving of about 47% and a reduction in CO2 emissions of 73% are obtained with the best combined renovation action.

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Tribuiani, Chiara, Luca Tarabelli, Serena Summa y Costanzo Di Perna. "Thermal Performance of a Massive Wall in the Mediterranean Climate: Experimental and Analytical Research". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 13 (3 de julio de 2020): 4611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10134611.

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In the Mediterranean climate, indoor overheating and, thus, excessive use of cooling systems represents one of the main problems both for the occupants’ health and energy consumption. In order to limit this problem, an appropriate design or energy retrofitting of the building envelope is of utmost importance. The predominance of massive buildings in the Italian territory and the need to comply with Italian regulations often leads technicians to not optimal energy saving solutions. To this purpose, this experimental research was conducted on a mockup building, located in Fabriano and characterized by high thermal mass walls (W0) and two different external insulating systems: Cork based lightweight plaster (W1) and Extruded polystyrene foam panel (XPS) (W2). Furthermore, a virtual model in TRNSYS, a transient simulation software, was used to compare analytical and simulated values. Results show that W2 undergoes a higher level of thermal stress than W1, due to higher peaks in the external surface temperature and larger fluctuations in daily temperature. Therefore, a high value of thermal resistance of the external insulation and low value of external areal heat capacity on a massive building causes external surface overheating problems, thus, not representing the optimal construction solution.

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41

Lee, Chung-Geon, La-Hoon Cho, Seok-Jun Kim, Sun-Yong Park y Dae-Hyun Kim. "Prediction Model for the Internal Temperature of a Greenhouse with a Water-to-Water Heat Pump Using a Pellet Boiler as a Heat Source Using Building Energy Simulation". Energies 15, n.º 15 (4 de agosto de 2022): 5677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155677.

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Although smart farms are considered an alternative to traditional agriculture, they require large amounts of energy and high investment costs, hindering their efficient implementation. In the Republic of Korea, the energy supply is primarily for heating rather than cooling, necessitating the accurate prediction of the greenhouse internal temperature to determine the feasibility of agricultural management while using renewable energy. This study developed a model (TRNSYS) for predicting the internal temperature of a greenhouse using building energy simulation. A greenhouse heating experiment was conducted using a hybrid heating system simulated by TRNSYS to analyze the prediction model. The regression analysis of the experimental and simulation results revealed an R2 and RMSE of 0.8834 and 3.61, respectively. A comparative analysis was conducted with the existing hot air heating system to evaluate the heating performance and economic feasibility of the hybrid system. Overall, the heating performance exhibited satisfactory results, whereas the economic analysis, based on life cycle cost, revealed a cost reduction effect of 9.45%. Hence, greenhouse heating using renewable energy can replace conventional fossil fuels with economic advantages. Moreover, the prediction of the internal temperature of the greenhouse will facilitate the design of a systematic smart farm business to prevent duplicate investment.

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42

Cinar, Seda, Michal Krajčík y Muslum Arici. "Performance Evaluation of a Building Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal System Combined with Air-to-Water Heat Pump". Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (enero de 2019): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.181.

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This study presents a research of envelope systems entailing elements that use and control incident solar energy to deliver renewable thermal or electric energy to the systems providing heating, ventilation and air conditioning to buildings. A simulation model of an office building was developed in the simulation program TRNSYS. A photovoltaic / thermal system was integrated into the building´s southern facade to generate electricity and to increase the temperature of the air flowing through the channel behind the photovoltaic modules. Subsequently, the electricity generated was used to power the heat pump and the warm air was used as the primary fluid for the heat pump to generate thermal energy for space heating in the winter. The useful energy gain and power production increased with increasing length of the photovoltaic modules and the air flow rate through the channel in the periods, when there was enough solar radiation impinging on the facade. In January to April, the benefits of the photovoltaic / thermal system were minor because of the low levels of low solar radiation and insufficient efficiency of the system components.

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43

Lu, Menglong, Chao Zhang, Dayu Zhang, Ruixin Wang, Zhigang Zhou, Changhong Zhan, Xiang Zai y Qiang Jing. "Operational optimization of district heating system based on an integrated model in TRNSYS". Energy and Buildings 230 (enero de 2021): 110538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110538.

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44

Yasin, Modar, Eva Scheidemantel, Felix Klinker, Helmut Weinläder y Stephan Weismann. "Generation of a simulation model for chilled PCM ceilings in TRNSYS and validation with real scale building data". Journal of Building Engineering 22 (marzo de 2019): 372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.01.004.

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45

Ali-Toudert, Fazia y Sven Böttcher. "Urban microclimate prediction prior to dynamic building energy modelling using the TEB model as embedded component in TRNSYS". Theoretical and Applied Climatology 134, n.º 3-4 (3 de octubre de 2018): 1413–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-018-2621-3.

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46

Cao, Jiaqi, Shiyu Zhou, Tao Wang, Baoqi Shan y Xueping Liu. "Research on a Variable Water Supply Temperature Strategy for a Ground-Source Heat Pump System Based on TRNSYS-GENOPT (TRNOPT) Optimization". Sustainability 15, n.º 5 (1 de marzo de 2023): 4388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054388.

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An office building located at Jinan equipped with ground-source heat pump (GSHP) system was selected as the research object. The GSHP system model was established using TRNSYS software. With the total energy consumption of the system as the objective function, several control strategies were proposed for the optimization work of water supply temperature at the load side of the heat pump unit. Firstly, a variable water temperature control strategy was adjusted according to the load ratio of the unit. In addition, the TRNSYS-GENOPT (TRNOPT) optimization module in TRNSYS was used to find the optimal water supply temperatures for different load ratios. After simulating and comparing the system’s energy consumption under the three control strategies, we found that the total annual energy consumption under the variable water supply temperature scheme is less than that under the constant water supply temperature scheme by 10,531.41 kWh. The energy saving ratio is about 5.7%. The simulation found that the total annual energy consumption under the optimized water supply temperature based on TRNOPT is lower than that under the variable water supply temperature scheme by 1072.04 kWh, and it is lower than that under the constant water supply temperature scheme by 11,603.45 kWh. The annual energy saving ratio of the system is about 6.3%. It is concluded that the optimized water supply temperature scheme based on TRNOPT has a better energy saving effect than the first two water supply temperature schemes.

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47

Sakhare, Vishakha V. y Rahul V. Ralegaonkar. "Strategy to control indoor temperature for redevelopment of slum dwellings". Indoor and Built Environment 27, n.º 9 (30 de mayo de 2017): 1203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x17712107.

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The present paper focuses on developing a strategy to control the indoor temperature in slum dwellings under redevelopment. The proposed framework aims at improving the building planning and appropriate selection of construction materials along with controlled cost with respect to currently adopted practices. The proposed strategy is elaborated with a case study in Nagpur, India. A single storey, four-room model was planned as per the National Building Code of India. The performance of the model building was evaluated by using energy simulation software TRNSYS. The cellular light-weight bricks used in the construction were made with bio briquette ash (BBA), which is a locally available waste material. Instead of using the conventional reinforced cement concrete (RCC) roof, aluminium and sawdust were suggested as a reflecting-cum-insulating material. To improve the temperature control in model homes, installation of a reflecting-cum-insulating material was conducted, consisting of aluminium and sawdust, over the conventional RCC roof. The model building constructed with these new materials was compared with that built with conventional fly ash bricks and RCC roof. Results show that the proposed model building improved the efficiency of indoor temperature control by 23% and, at the same time, reduced the cost by 13%. The present concept will contribute to the redevelopment of slum dwellings to deliver cost-effective dwelling units that provide occupants with acceptable thermal comfort.

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48

Mancic, Marko, Dragoljub Zivkovic, Pedja Milosavljevic y Milena Todorovic. "Mathematical modelling and simulation of the thermal performance of a solar heated indoor swimming pool". Thermal Science 18, n.º 3 (2014): 999–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1403999m.

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Buildings with indoor swimming pools have a large energy footprint. The source of major energy loss is the swimming pool hall where air humidity is increased by evaporation from the pool water surface. This increases energy consumption for heating and ventilation of the pool hall, fresh water supply loss and heat demand for pool water heating. In this paper, a mathematical model of the swimming pool was made to assess energy demands of an indoor swimming pool building. The mathematical model of the swimming pool is used with the created multi-zone building model in TRNSYS software to determine pool hall energy demand and pool losses. Energy loss for pool water and pool hall heating and ventilation are analyzed for different target pool water and air temperatures. The simulation showed that pool water heating accounts for around 22%, whereas heating and ventilation of the pool hall for around 60% of the total pool hall heat demand. With a change of preset controller air and water temperatures in simulations, evaporation loss was in the range 46-54% of the total pool losses. A solar thermal sanitary hot water system was modelled and simulated to analyze it's potential for energy savings of the presented demand side model. The simulation showed that up to 87% of water heating demands could be met by the solar thermal system, while avoiding stagnation.

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Kim, Beom-Jun, Hye-Jin Cho, Soo-Jin Lee, Taek-Don Kwon y Jae-Weon Jeong. "Applicable design of multi-functional cascade heat pump system for an office building". E3S Web of Conferences 356 (2022): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202235601033.

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When the cascade heat pump system is applied as a multi-functional system that can be used not only for hot water supply but also for air-conditioning of buildings, the low-stage cycle is responsible for indoor heating and cooling thermal load, and the high-stage cycle is responsible for hot water supply by raising the refrigerant temperature. Unlike the existing cascade heat pump system designed with only one operation mode for hot water supply, the multi-functional cascade heat pump system should be considered with various parameters. This study was proposed a design sequence of the cascade heat pump system for building application, and the energy-saving performance was compared with the existing cascade heat pump system for hot water supply and parallel heat pump system for air-conditioning. The office building was set for the study, and the thermal load of the building was calculated in the TRNSYS program. The systems were calculated using the thermodynamic equation and the model built into EnergyPlus. As a result, the system can be affected by the outdoor air heat source. The energy-saving performance was 25% for the multi-functional cascade heat pump system compared to the simultaneous use of the existing system.

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50

Wen, Ke, Yecong He, Qi Deng, Jie Sun y Jifei Zhou. "Explore the Energy Performance of a University Building Integrated with Solar PV and Energy Storage". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2422, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2023): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2422/1/012003.

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Abstract In order to explore the energy performance of a university building integrated with solar PV and energy storage, in this paper, DesignBuilder was used to establish the teaching building model and calculate the load based on the characteristics of the teaching building of a university, a simulation model of the photovoltaic & energy storage integrated system was built with TRNSYS. Then analysing the energy performance and economy of the system. The results show that, from the overall demand, the solar electricity generation capacity of the photovoltaic & energy storage integrated teaching building can basically meet the demand for air conditioning electricity, and there is more remaining electricity for the electricity grid. The energy performance of the system in different seasons (summer, spring and autumn transition season, winter) and the complementarity among various electric quantities are studied, including electricity consumption, electricity generation, municipal electricity supply, remaining electricity on grid, battery charge, battery discharge. The economic analysis of the system shows that Solar fraction (SF)=0.93, Self-Consumption Ratio (SCR)=0.13, Return on Investment (ROI)=0.219 years, Payback Period (PBP)=4.75 years, which proves its feasibility.

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