Tesis sobre el tema "Trisomie 21 – Modèles animaux"
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Bichler, Zoë. "Etude immunologique et neurocomportementale de souris transpolygéniques pour des fragments du chromosome 21 humain". Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2010.
Texto completoMouton-Liger, François. "Fonction, régulation de PCP4 et trisomie 21 : analyse de modèles murins de surexpression". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077062.
Texto completoPcp4/pepl9 is a modulator of Ca2+-CaM, a key molecule for calcium signaling, expressed in postmitotic neuroectoderm cells during mouse embryogenesis. PCP4 gene is located on human chromosome 21, and present in three copies in Down syndrome (DS). To evaluate the consequences of 3 copies of this gene on the development of these cells in the nervous System, we constructed a transgenic (TgPCP4) mouse model, with one copy of human PCP4, and investigated the effects in this model. We showed that pcp4 overexpression is present at transcript and protein levels, and overexpression induced precocious neuronal differentiation, as shown by the distribution and levels of early neuronal markers. We also demonstrated that pcp4 overexpression was associated with an increase in CaMKIIdelta activation, TgPCP4 and TslCje, a mouse model of DS, developed similar modifications, demonstrating that these mechanisms may account for abnormal neuronal development in DS
Ahumada, Saavedra José Tomás. "Craniofacial analysis of Down syndrome rodent models". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAJ041.
Texto completoThe most frequent and distinctive alterations found in Down syndrome (DS) are learning disability and craniofacial (CF) dysmorphism. The CF phenotype includes reduced head dimensions, brachycephaly, reduced mediolateral orbital region, reduced bizygomatic breadth, small maxilla, small mandible, and increased individual variability. Until now, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this CF phenotype remain unknown. This thesis, using a new panel of rats and mice models proposed new candidate genes for the DS-CF phenotype. We confirmed the role of Dyrk1a in neurocranium brachycephaly and identified the overdosage of the transcription factor Ripply3 for midface shortening through the downregulation of Tbx1, another transcription factor involved in similar phenotypes was found in Di George Syndrome. We defined new dosage-sensitive genes responsible for DS-CF malformations, and new models were proposed to rescue the DS-CF phenotype. This new knowledge may also lead to insights for specific brain and cardiovascular phenotypes observed in Tbx1 mutants and DS models
Leysen, Valérie. "The role of GnRH in the age-related cognitive decline in some disorders including Down syndrome". Thesis, Lille, 2019. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/EDBSL/2019/2019LILUS053.pdf.
Texto completoThe role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons as the master regulators of acomplex neural network, mainly in the hypothalamus, controlling the onset of puberty andregulation of fertility is well established. Nonetheless, it is becoming apparent that GnRH maybe involved in a variety of non-reproductive functions. Here, we show that GnRH neurons arecritical for maintaining cognitive function and olfaction. A first study demonstrates adysregulated microRNA (miR)-transcription network underlying a progressive loss of GnRHexpression in the Ts65Dn mice, a mouse model of Down syndrome. This GnRH loss isconcomitant with a cognitive and olfactory decline. Intriguingly, these deficits are reversibleby viral-vector-mediated miR-200b overexpression, the restoration of GnRH functionality bygrafting wild-type GnRH neurons, or simply delivering pulsatile GnRH. A second studydemonstrates mutations in the neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS1) gene as a causalfactor of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and Kallmann syndrome, two geneticdisorders rooted in a GnRH deficiency. Similar to human, Nos1 deficient mice do not only showa delayed puberty onset and infertility, but also cognitive and olfactory impairments.Moreover, the administration of inhaled NO during the late infantile period can restore sexualmaturation, cognition and olfaction in this mouse model. Overall, the results of this Ph.D.thesis provide evidence that GnRH plays an unexpected yet critical role in non-reproductivefunctions such as cognitive function and olfaction and hold novel opportunities for therapeuticstrategies against various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders
Chevallier, Marie-Clémence. "Analyse de l'effet de dose dans des modèles murins de trisomie 21 : contributions monogéniques ou multigéniques ?" Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2068.
Texto completoThomas, Sophie. "PCP4, trisomie 21 et maladies neurodégénératives : construction et étude de modèles murins". Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05N16S.
Texto completoPCP4 (PEP-19) belongs to a family of Iq motif proteins involved in calcium transduction signals. It binds calmodulin and regulates CamKII and nNOS wich are involved in neuronal plasticity and wich may also mediate the transduction of apoptotic signal. The gene is localized on HSA21 and is in 3 copies in Down syndrome (DS) patients. To determine whether PCP4 may be involved in some DS phenotypic features, we analysed its expression pattern during mouse development and in the adult brain. PC expression pattern suggests that its overexpression may be involved in some of the DS features such as abnormalities in neuronal differentiation in cluding synaptogenesis and migration. We thus constructed a mouse model of PCP4 overexpression using the ES cells transgenesis method. The transgenicline is currently under study. PCP4 expression in the aging brain has been shown not to vary systematically during normal aging suggesting that PCP4 modulations in human neuropathologies are induced by genes involved in these diseases. Moreover, microarrays analysis suggests that PCP4 modulation is associated with other genes involved in neurotransmission
Lopes, Pereira Patricia. "Analyse phénotypique de modèles murins monosomique et trisomique pour la région Abcgl-U2afl associée au chromosome 21 humain". Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2056.
Texto completoLabbé, Marine. "Vers des modèles murins d'aneuploi͏̈die pour la région Hrmt111-Cstb homologue à la partie télomérique du chromosome 21 humain". Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2028.
Texto completoDomingos, Perbet Laetitia. "Plasticité synaptique corticostriatale à long terme chez de nouveaux modèles murins de Trisomie 21, Ms4Yah et Ts3Yah". Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2074/document.
Texto completoTrisomy 21 or Down syndrome is due to a third copy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) in the genome, this leads to a global genetic overexpression which results on multiple behavioral phenotypes. This pathology is the first and most common cause of mental retardation. Our study aims to understand whether an aneuploidy of a non-studied genetic interval, included in Hsa21, causes changes in processes mediating intellectual abilities. This interval, between Ctsb and Prmt2, is located on murine chromosome 10 (MMU10) within an homologous portion of the Hsa21 telomeric part. Thus, new mouse models have been engineered, Ms4Yah is monosomic and Ts3Yah trisomic for Cstb-Prmt2 interval. Hence, the aim of this project is to characterized aneuploidy consequences on neuronal functions which lead to information encoding, named long term synaptic plasticity. We have recorded this phenomenon within cortex-striatum neuronal connexion, which is involved in mnemonic processes, using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiological technique. Records were made in vitro on mouse horizontal brain slice. We characterized METMs electrophysiological properties. Then, glutamatergic corticostriatal long term synaptic plasticity was studied with specific stimulation protocols applied on the cortex. High and low frequency conditioning protocols were used. We observed that aneuploidy of the models influenced corticostriatal long term synaptic plasticity setting which is different according to the genetic dosage. Ms4Yah showed LTD after HFS protocol like Ts3Yah. But when SBF was applied, Ms4Yah shows a short term plasticity form, conversely Ts3Yah shows anew a LTD. The studied interval may play here a role in phenotype of Trisomy 21. Some of the genes comprised in the Ctsb-Prmt2 interval seemed to be good candidates to explain observed phenotypes, namely S100b, Pcbp3 and Trmp2
Besson, Vanessa. "Ingénierie chromosomique et mutagenèse chimique : deux approches pour la création de modèles souris de pathologies humaines". Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2036.
Texto completoThomazeau, Aurore. "Dysfonctions synaptiques glutamatergiques dans le cortex préfrontal de modèles murins de trisomie 21 surexprimant le gène Dyrk1a et stratégies thérapeutiques". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21921/document.
Texto completoDown syndrome is the major cause of mental retardation, the main phenotype of the pathology. It is due to an extra chromosome 21. Many genes have been proposed as candidates for the neurocognitive phenotypes of Down syndrome, notably Dyrk1a. It encodes the serine-threonine kinase DYRK1A which is involved in brain development and synaptic functions. The prefrontal cortex mediates higher cognitive functions, such as executive functions and emotional regulation. This study highlighted major deficits in prefrontal cortex glutamatergic transmission and plasticity of two mouse models for Down syndrome: the overexpressing Dyrk1a mBACtgDyrk1a model and the Ts65Dn model, overexpressing around 130 murine orthologous genes of HSAS21 chromosome. Another aspect of this study was the development of new effective therapeutic strategy for Down syndrome neurocognitive phenotypes based on DYRK1A or other cellular targets activity inhibition
Rattenbach, Revital. "Construction de modèles de surexpression du gène PCP4 : Etude de sa régulation et des effets de sa surexpression". Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05D042.
Texto completoNguyen, Thu-Lan. "Correction des déficits cognitifs chez des modèles murins de trisomie 21 par un inhibiteur de la kinase DYRK1A : étude pharmacologique et mécanistique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ124/document.
Texto completoDown Syndrome (DS), is due to the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21 (Ch21). Among the candidates implicated in DS intellectual disabilities, DYRK1A is one of the most relevant. Several studies have shown a correlation between an increase of its kinase activity and the intellectual defects observed in DS models. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying the impact of DYRK1A overdosage on cognitive alterations, we used several trisomic mouse models expressing DYRK1A alone or with additional Hsa21 orthologous genes and specific DYRK1A inhibitors (Leucettines) from ManRos Therapeutics. We will present here the consequence of the Leucettines treatment following repetitive administration to several DS mouse models on the behavior and cognition. Further analysis of the phosphoproteome of DS mouse models treated or not with one of the Leucettine, the L41, unravels a few targets and pathways which are involved in the cognitive alterations observed in these trisomic mice. These results support the potential of more selective DYRK1A inhibitor as a therapeutic approach to improve cognitive functions in DS patients
Constantine, Maher. "Conséquences phénotypiques d'erreurs de dosage de gènes de la DCR-1 du chromosome 21 dans des modèles transgéniques murins et chez l'homme". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077168.
Texto completoTomczyńska, Magdelena. "Biologie de l'endothélium vasculaire isolé de souris transgéniques YAC67 et YAC84- modèles murins du syndrome de Down". Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2067/document.
Texto completoGIRK2 is located on chromosome 21, which trisomy is the cause of Down syndrome (DS). In DS, among other features, proportions of T lymphocytes subpopulations are altered and number of circulating B cells are decreased. We hypothesized that it is due to the disturbed control of homing/recirculation of lymphocytes by endothelial cells (ECs). ECs constitute the vessel wall, achieve the neovascularisation, interact with circulating cells, initiate the adhesion process thus, immunological response. To assess the GIRK2 gene influence on the function of ECs, an in vitro cellular model was established. ECs lines were established from bone marrow, thymus, peripheral lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches and brain from transgenic mice with additional copies of the gene and from normal control mice. Endothelium biology was investigated in the aspect of adhesion molecules as well as processes of adhesion and angiogenesis. ECs from transgenic mice have altered levels of CD29, CD34, their adhesive properties towards lymphoid cells are affected and their angiogenic properties are drastically different. cDNA microarray display for the gene expression pattern of ECs from transgenic mice showed that among adhesion molecules, chemokines, chemokine receptors, VEGFs and VEGFs receptors, more than one fourth of the mRNA was significantly modified compared to controls. Presented results give clear evidence that GIRK2 gene can influence the function of endothelial cells in DS patients
Le, Coz Carole. "Quelle contribution du centre germinatif et de ses composants moléculaires et cellulaires dans la physiopathologie du lupus ?" Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ077.
Texto completoSystemic lupus erythematosus is a disabling chronic autoimmune disease characterized by B cell hyperactivity leading to the production of autoantibodies, some of which exerting pathogenic effects. Autoantibodies are produced by plasma cells, which originate from the differentiation of B cells through a process that mainly takes place in germinal centers (GC) in secondary lymphoïd organs and involves many molecular and cellular parameters. The aim of my PhD project was to analyze the individual contribution of GC components, such as follicular helper T cells (Tfh) and IL-21, to lupus development. During this work, we have shown both a quantitative and qualitative impairment of Tfh cells in lupus patients and in a mouse model, leading, among other things, to high IL-21 levels. We also observed that B cells from lupus mice display a specific intrinsic sensitivity to this cytokine, due to over-expression of key molecules such as STAT3, which results in increased plasma cell differentiation. Thus, all elements are gathered that favor "Tfh-B" cell interactions and the GC reaction, and therefore the autoimmune response. Finally, the discovery of functional ectopic GC in the kidneys of lupus mice allows envisaging that local responses occur within the target organs and likely participate to kidney injury. The fundamental data we obtained are promising and anticipate new and better targeted biotherapies for lupus treatment
Marechal, Damien. "Implication de la région Abcg1-U2af1 dans le syndrome de Down : effets de doses de la région et rôle du gène Cbs dans les défauts de mémorisation". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856595.
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