Bibliografías temáticas / Trichoderma

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Trichoderma"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 22 de junio de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Trichoderma"

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Rajeswari, P. y Rupam Kapoor. "Combined Application of Different Species of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas fluorescens on the Cellulolytic Enzymes of Fusarium Oxysporum for the Control of Fusarium wiltDisease in Arachis hypogea. L". Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 14, n.º 3 (25 de septiembre de 2017): 1169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2557.

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ABSTRACT: Fusarium oxysporum causes Fusarium wilt of crop plants leads to considerable yield loss. The study was conducted to determine the beneficial effects of combining Trichoderma species and Pseudomonas fluorescens i.e Trichodema viride+ Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), Trichoderma harzianum+Pseudomonas fluorescens (Th+Pf) (1.5+2%), Trichoderma viride +Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%) on the activity of cellulolytic enzymes of Fusarium oxysporum to control Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea. L wilt in vitro. The activity of 1,4 -β – Endoglucanase, 1,4 -β – Exoglucanase, Cellobiases produced by Fusarium oxysporum (Control) was higher. Maximum inhibition of Cellulolytic enzymes was shown by culture filtrate of Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (Tv+Pf) (1+2%), followed by Trichoderma harzianum + Pseudomonas fluorescens, (Th +Pf) (1.5+2%) and Trichoderma viride + Trichoderma harzianum (Tv+Th) (1+1.5%). However, disease suppression of Fusarium wilt of Arachis hypogaea. L by the compatible combination of Trichodema viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (1+2%) was considerably better as compared to other two strains. At the same time the other two combinations resulted in enhanced disease suppression as compared to single strains. This indicates that the potential benefits of using combination treatments to suppress Fusarium wilt. The study suggests the significance of interactive effects of Trichoderma and Pseudomonas in biocontrol of wilt disease.
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López Martínez, Tatiana de los Ángeles, Leandro Alberto Páramo Aguilera y Heysell Dodanig Delgado Silva. "Reproducción masiva de hongos trichodermas previamente identificados de suelos Nicaragüenses en diferentes sustratos orgánicos". Nexo Revista Científica 35, n.º 03 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 700–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v35i03.15000.

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Los hongos Trichodermas son de vital importancia para mantener los cultivos de plantas libres de hongos fitopatógenos, por ende, la presente investigación permitió determinar el mejor sustrato orgánico para la reproducción masiva de Trichodermas, previamente identificadas de suelos nicaragüenses. Utilizando sustratos como: Arroz (testigo), Maíz, Olote de maíz, Copra de coco y Melaza , con 5 cepas de hongos que fueron identificados como Trichoderma harzianum (72TG-11), Trichoderma harzianum (T3), Trichoderma harzianum (CVD-06), Trichoderma sp. (CIXD-11) y Trichoderma longibrachiatum (QIVD-12). Mediante fermentación sólida y bifásica, se realizó la producción de esporas por 26 y 15 días, respectivamente, obteniéndose que con olote de maíz se produjo concentraciones de esporas muy cercanos a los obtenidos con el arroz; la adición de melaza a los sustratos, produjo un ligero aumento en la concentración de esporas en comparación a los obtenidos sin melaza, excepto en las cepas T3 y CVD-06, lo cual aparentemente no muestra diferencias apreciables en el número de esporas obtenidos. Por otro lado, el olote de maíz es el mejor sustrato para la reproducción masiva de hongos Trichodermas, ya que se obtienen resultados satisfactorios en ambas fermentaciones y no compite con el alimento del ser humano.
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Putri, Reza, Joko Prasetyo, Tri Maryono y Suskandini Ratih Dirmawati. "PENGARUH EMPAT ISOLAT Trichoderma spp. TERHADAP PENYAKIT BULAI DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.)". Jurnal Agrotek Tropika 10, n.º 2 (18 de mayo de 2022): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jat.v10i2.5873.

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Provinsi Lampung merupakan salah satu daerah sentra penghasil jagung di Indonesia. Produktivitas jagung masih belum optimal. Rendahnya produktivitas lahan jagung dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya adanya penyakit bulai. Penyakit bulai dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil hingga 90%. Alternatif pengendalian yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan adalah dengan memanfaatkan Trichodema spp. sebagai penginduksi ketahanan tanaman terhadap penyakit bulai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh empat isolat Trichoderma spp. terhadap keterjadian dan keparahan penyakit bulai dan pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman jagung. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari (T0) tanpa isolat Trichoderma sp., (T1) Trichoderma sp. isolat Hajimena, (T2) Trichoderma sp. isolat Lampung Tengah, (T3) Trichoderma spp. Isolat Lampung Timur, dan (T4) Trichoderma sp. isolat Metro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jamur Trichoderma spp Trichoderma spp. isolat Hajimena dan Metro dapat menekan keterjadian penyakit dan Trichoderma spp. isolat Hajimena dan Lampung Tengah dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman pada bobot basah akar.
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Jasim Mahi, Aymen y Yasir Naser Alhamiri. "First record of Fusarium brachygibbosum as a causal agent of seed decay and damping-off disease on cotton in Iraq and Control using some bioagents". Bionatura 8, n.º 4 (15 de diciembre de 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.63.

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The results of the isolation and identification of pathogens accompanying the symptomatic seeds and seedlings of cotton showed that the most common fungus was Fusarium brachygibbosum. Molecular identification of the studied fungus was performed using the universal primers: the results of the genetic analysis revealed the identities of the fungus as follows: a 100% identity for F. brachygibbosum that was deposited at the GenBank under accession number ON738702.1. This fungus has shown high pathogenicity against cotton seeds and seedlings by severely reducing their Germination and growth and treating cotton seeds with the biological factors of Trichoderma spp. It revealed a high efficiency in reducing disease incidence and increasing cotton germination percentage. Trichoderma viride showed the highest ability to increase seed germination to 94.44%. In comparison, the lowest ability reached 77.77 % in Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Trichoderma reesei—the results of extracting toxins from the filters of Trichoderma spp. The study's use of trichodermin and Gliotoxin showed the presence of trichodermin and Gliotoxin in large quantities. The percentage of toxin inhibition was significant against the growth of pathogenic fungi. The highest percentage of inhibition was 86.1% for the isolate Trichoderma koningiopsis, and the lowest percentage was 66.65% for the isolate Trichoderma reesei. As for the effect of isolates of resistant fungus on the Pathogen in the field, the highest germination rate was 100%, and the inhibition rate was 0.00% when using the biological preparation prepared from the isolates (T. viride, T. pseudokoningii, T. koningiopsis and T. reesei). Keywords: Fusarium brachygibbosum; Trichoderma spp.; Trichodermin; gliotoxin; Biological control.
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Sharma, Manika, Pratibha Sharma, M. Raja, Krishan Kumar, Subhash Chandra y Richa Sharma. "Trichothecene (Trichodermin) production in Trichoderma". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 5, n.º 7 (10 de julio de 2016): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2016.507.041.

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Alfiky, Alsayed y Laure Weisskopf. "Deciphering Trichoderma–Plant–Pathogen Interactions for Better Development of Biocontrol Applications". Journal of Fungi 7, n.º 1 (18 de enero de 2021): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7010061.

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Members of the fungal genus Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) are ubiquitous and commonly encountered as soil inhabitants, plant symbionts, saprotrophs, and mycoparasites. Certain species have been used to control diverse plant diseases and mitigate negative growth conditions. The versatility of Trichoderma’s interactions mainly relies on their ability to engage in inter- and cross-kingdom interactions. Although Trichoderma is by far the most extensively studied fungal biocontrol agent (BCA), with a few species already having been commercialized as bio-pesticides or bio-fertilizers, their wide application has been hampered by an unpredictable efficacy under field conditions. Deciphering the dialogues within and across Trichoderma ecological interactions by identification of involved effectors and their underlying effect is of great value in order to be able to eventually harness Trichoderma’s full potential for plant growth promotion and protection. In this review, we focus on the nature of Trichoderma interactions with plants and pathogens. Better understanding how Trichoderma interacts with plants, other microorganisms, and the environment is essential for developing and deploying Trichoderma-based strategies that increase crop production and protection.
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Jasim Mahdi, Aymen y Yasir Naser Alhamiri. "Evaluation of the Efficacy of Trichoderma species and their Fungal Toxins in the Eradication of Alternaria alternata Causing Seeds Decay and Damping-off Disease on Cotton in Iraq". Bionatura 8, n.º 4 (15 de diciembre de 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.64.

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This study aimed to isolate and identify the pathogens accompanying the rotting and death of cotton seeds and seedlings. Also, some Trichoderma spp. were assessed against the fungal pathogen associated with the disease. The results showed that one of the essential isolated fungi, Alternaria alternata, has demonstrated high virulence in attacking cotton seeds and seedlings and reducing germination and growth. This fungus was identified based on its morphological and molecular characteristics. The Trichoderma species applied have shown high efficiency in reducing infection rates and increasing cotton germination percentage. Every isolate of Trichoderma showed a high efficiency against the fungus A. alternata by providing the highest antagonistic ability, reaching 93.75%. The highest percentage of inhibition growth of the pathogen (86.11%) was achieved by Trichoderma koningiopsis, while the lowest percentage of inhibition growth of the pathogen was 66.65 % for Trichoderma reesei. However, the biological formula prepared from species Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma pseudokoningii, Trichoderma koningiopsis and Trichoderma reesei displayed the highest percentage of inhibition of 100% against the fungus A. alternata. Keywords. Alternaria alternata; Trichoderma spp.; Trichodermin; gliotoxin; Biological control.
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Yadav, Shankar Gopinath. "Effect of Trichoderma Spp. as a Bio-control Agent on Cereal Crop Plants". Plantae Scientia 3, n.º 5 (15 de septiembre de 2020): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v3i5.65-68.

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Trichoderma is a Deuteromycetous fungus with hyphae long, creeping, conidiophores erect, philiadic, having conidial heads. Trichoderma species produces a chemical, trichodermin; it is the sesquiteroenoid acting as a bio-control agent on the principal of myco-parasitism, antibiosis and competition to control soil borne plant pathogens. The phytotoxic effect was screened by treating cereal crop seeds with culture filtrate of Trichoderma species, the effect of culture filtrate was measured in terms of seed germination percentage and results were compared with control one. The obtained results shows percentage of germination in treated seeds was more than the control. The culture filtrate of Trichoderma harzianum showed superior effects (95-97%) than that of Trichoderma viridae (90-95%) and Trichoderma virens (86-92%) on the seed germination of selected cereal crop seeds.
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Herek, Jéssica. "AVALIAÇÃO QUALITATIVA DO USO DE Trichoderma spp. EM CULTURA DE SOJA". Arquivos do Mudi 26, n.º 2 (1 de septiembre de 2022): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/arqmudi.v26i2.63080.

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O uso de Trichoderma spp. em cultura de soja melhora o desenvolvimento e diminuição de patógenos na planta como também combate ao fungo Fusarium spp. O produto Trichodermil, á base de Trichoderma harzianum, foi aplicado em 78 sementes de soja, sendo 48 plantadas em vaso e as demais plantadas diretamente no solo. A avaliação da eficácia de Trichoderma spp. nas plantas procurou resultar em bom desenvolvimento da germinação, enraizamento, produtividade, morfologia externa e combate ao Fusarium spp. Os resultados foram satisfatórios, onde o uso de Trichoderma spp. demonstrou-se qualitativamente eficiente no melhor desenvolvimento morfológico, radicular e produtivo da planta, porém não foi possível avaliar eficiência do mesmo na germinação e no desenvolvimento microbiano, visto que não teve desenvolvimento fúngico presente.
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Raman, R. Nikhil, K. Vipul Kumar, Prahlad Masurkar y Angel Jemima. "EVALUATION OF TRICHODERMA ASPERELLUM BIOFORTIFIED WITH VERMI COMPOST AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F.SP. LYCOPERSICI". Journal of Biopesticides 16, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2024): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.16.1.24-32.

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Morphological features are not adequate to accurately categorizedifferent species of the genus Trichoderma. Molecular characters, incombination with morphological characters, are used to identify Trichodermaat the species or subspecies level. The present study was focused oncharacterising Trichoderma asperellum based on morphology and molecularanalysis using genes such as ITS. Light microscopy results showed that Trichodermaasperellum regularly branched and typically paired conidiophores withstraight phialides and globose to subglobose shaped conidia Sequence similarityanalysis with reference T. asperellum isolates available in the NCBIdatabase showed 100 percent nucleotide similarity for ITS4 and ITS5. A dualculture test clearly showed that Trichoderma asperllum inhibited thetested fungal plant pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici(87.38 percent). Population dynamics of Trichoderma asperellum incompost were found to be stable until 21 days after mixing.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Trichoderma"

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Hurmann, Eliéte Moura de Souza. "Atividade antimicrobiana de Trichoderma viride e Trichoderma stromaticum". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1823.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:01:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliete Moura de Souza Hurmann.pdf: 819870 bytes, checksum: 4302d144fe2194c2bcd5c074b31e3635 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-08
Fundação Araucária
Trichoderma spp. is a promising antagonist, the development and use of products based on this organism gives us the opportunity not only to reduce health risks, but also costs and environmental damage. This work aimed to analyze the efficiency of Trichoderma viride extracts and Trichoderma stromaticum against some microorganisms of interest in clinical medicine, agriculture and fish farming. Among them Colletotrichum musae, banana anthracnose causes, Saprolegnia, which affects fish eggs and some bacteria that cause harm to human health. The dichlorometane extracts were tested at various concentrations, and as positive control a commercial antimicrobial. Inhibition of the pathogen was verified directly by paired cultivation technique. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated by disk diffusion and the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by microdilution test broth. In situ tests were done in the fruit inoculating the pathogenic fungus and treated with the extracts and the sensory analysis where it was determined the acceptance of the product. In cultivation paired the Trichoderma spp. inhibited the growth of pathogens being 0.05% significance level. In the disk diffusion test results were positive, and for E. coli and Aeromonas hydrophila gave the best results. MIC against microorganisms of the extracts ranged from 50% to 3,125%. Given the results presented, it is concluded that the extracts were effective in in vitro inhibition of the microorganisms as well as their application in the fruits did not alter the organoleptic characteristics.
O Trichoderma spp. é um antagonista promissor, o desenvolvimento e uso de produtos à base deste microrganismo nos oferece a oportunidade, não apenas de reduzir os riscos da saúde, mas também custos e danos ambientais. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a eficiência dos extratos de Trichoderma viride e Trichoderma stromaticum contra alguns microrganismos de interesse na clínica médica, agricultura e piscicultura. Dentre eles o Colletotrichum musae, causador da antracnose da banana, Saprolegnia, que acomete ovas de peixes e algumas bactérias que causam danos à saúde humana. Os extratos diclorometânicos foram testados em várias concentrações, tendo como controle positivo um antimicrobiano comercial. A inibição do patógeno foi verificada, de forma direta pela técnica de cultivo pareado. A atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos foi avaliada por disco-difusão e pela determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (MIC) por teste de microdiluição em caldo. Foram feitos testes in situ no fruto inoculando o fungo patogênico e tratados com os extratos e a análise sensorial onde foi determinada a aceitação do produto. No cultivo pareado os Trichoderma spp. inibiram o crescimento dos patógenos sendo 0,05% de significância. No teste de disco-difusão os resultados foram positivos, sendo que para Aeromonas hydrophila e E. coli obteve-se os melhores resultados. O MIC (concentração inibitória mínima)dos extratos contra os microrganismos variou de 50% a 3,125 %. Diante dos resultados apresentados, evidenciou-se que, os extratos foram eficientes na inibição in vitrodos microrganismos testados, bem como sua aplicação nos frutos não alterou as características organolépticas dos mesmos.
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Parzianello, Francini Requia. "USO DE POLÍMEROS EM FORMULAÇÕES PARA ARMAZENAMENTO DE Trichoderma harzianum E Trichoderma viride". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4851.

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Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Trichoderma spp. is one of the most studied funguses as a biocontrol agent, being antagonistic to various plant pathogens in different cultures. This work aimed the production of liquid bio formulate of Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride based on biopolymer Xanthan Gum (GX) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).The bio formulates were composed of glycerol 10.0 gL -1, yeast extract 0.5 gL -1, MgSO 4 .7 H 2 0 0.2 gL -1, K 2 HPO 4 0.5 gL -1 and NaCl 0.1 gL -1. These amounts were determined by assessing the shortest period of time between the inoculation and sporulation of the fungus in Petri dishes containing PDA culture medium (potato dextrose agar) and bio formulates. The purpose of the use of these products were to make available a formulation that presents 180 days of shelf validity, as regarding the survival parameters (number of spores), evaluated using a Neubauer chamber and infectivity in vitro evaluated by testing direct confrontation with Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht . The evaluations were performed at intervals of 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 days. The treatments used were G 1 P 1 C 2 (GX, 1.0 gL -1; PVP, 1.0 gL -1; CMC, 2.0 g L -1), G 0.5 P0.5 C1 (GX, 0.5 gL -1; PVP, 0.5 gL -1; CMC, 1.0 g L -1), G 2P 2C (GX, 2.0 gL -1; PVP, 2.0 gL-1) and GPC1 (CMC, 1.0 gL-1), stored in sterile plastic container at room temperature. T. harzianum showed the best result with G 0.5 P0.5C 1 in all periods of assessment. For T. viride none of the treatments was better than the control in the assessed periods. Polymers make possible to develop effective means of storage, extending the life of bio formulates.
Trichoderma spp. é um dos fungos mais pesquisados como agente de biocontrole, sendo antagonista a vários fitopatógenos em diferentes culturas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a produção de bioformulado líquido de Trichoderma harzianum e Trichoderma viride a base de biopolímeros Goma Xantana (GX) e Carboximetilcelulose (CMC) e o polímero Polivinilpirrolidona (PVP). Os bioformulados foram compostos por glicerol 10,0 gL-1, extrato de levedura 0,5 gL-1, MgSO4.7H20 0,2 gL-1, K2HPO4 0,5 gL-1 e NaCl 0,1 gL-1. As quantidades foram determinadas através da avaliação do menor período de tempo entre a repicagem e a esporulação do fungo em placas de Petri, contendo meio de cultura BDA (batata dextrose ágar) e os bioformulados. A finalidade do uso destes produtos foi disponibilizar uma formulação que apresente 180 dias de validade em prateleira, quanto aos parâmetros sobrevivência (número de esporos), avaliado através de Câmara de Neubauer e infectividade in vitro avaliado através de teste de confrontação direta com Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. Os intervalos de avaliações ocorreram aos 30, 60, 90, 120 e 180 dias. Os tratamentos utilizados foram G1P1C2 (1,0gL-1 GX, 1,0 gL-1 PVP, 2,0 gL-1 CMC), G0,5P0,5C1 (0,5 gL-1 GX, 0,5 gL-1 PVP, 1,0 gL-1 CMC), G2P2C (2,0 gL-1 GX, 2,0 gL-1 PVP) e GPC1 (1,0 gL-1 CMC), armazenados em embalagens plásticas e estéreis, em temperatura ambiente. T. harzianum apresentou melhor resultado com G0,5P0,5C1 em todos períodos de avaliação. Para T. viride nenhum dos tratamentos foi melhor do que o controle nos períodos avaliados. Os polímeros permitem desenvolver meios eficazes de armazenamento, prolongando a vida útil de bioformulados.
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Ulhoa, Cirano Jose. "Chitinolytic system in Trichoderma harzianum". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335203.

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4

Chondrogianni, J. "Biosynthesis and synthesis of Trichoderma isonitriles". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371517.

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Muthumeenakshi, Sreenivasaprasad. "Molecular taxonomy of the genus Trichoderma". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264087.

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Voltatodio, Maria Luiza. "Caracterização bioquímica e biofísica da Celobiohidrolase II do fungo Trichoderma harzianum IOC3844 produzida por expressão homóloga". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-19102012-090550/.

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O esgotamento das reservas, especialmente do petróleo mais fino, aliado à crescente demanda energética e à necessidade inadiável de reduzir as emissões de carbono para a atmosfera, sinalizam para a necessidade da busca de novas fontes de energia renováveis e limpas. As preocupações com o aquecimento global têm feito crescer o interesse mundial pelos biocombustíveis. O novo conceito de biocombustíveis de segunda geração corresponde à produção de etanol combustível a partir de biomassa lignocelulósica como matéria-prima. No entanto, para tornar possível a utilização da biomassa é necessária a conversão das moléculas constituintes da parede celular em açúcares fermentáveis. A tecnologia mais promissora para a conversão dessa biomassa lignocelulósica à etanol combustível é com base na hidrólise enzimática da celulose usando celulases. Alguns microrganismos como o fungo Trichoderma SSP. secretam um eficiente complexo enzimático de celulases. Tendo as celobiohidrolases, elevada importância na hidrólise primária da celulose, o objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar a caracterização bioquímica e biofísica a celobiohidrolase II (CBHII) do complexo de celulases do fungo filamentoso Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844. A enzima depois de purificada mostrou uma melhor atividade contra o substrato pNPC a 60°C em pH 4,8. Estudos de eletroforese capilar mostraram apenas moléculas com uma unidade de glicose para um substrato simples inicial contendo 5 glicoses. Análises de dicroísmo circular mostraram um padrão de estrutura secundária predominante em alfa hélice, e na análise da estrutura terciária, o espectro de emissão da CBHII mostrou um comprimento de onda de fluorescência máxima a 333nm em pH5,0, indicando que os triptofanos estão parcialmente expostos ao solvente. Ensaios utilizando a técnica de espalhamento de luz a baixo ângulo, permitiram a geração de um modelo tridimensional o qual mostrou-se domínios globulares unidos por um linker, e as posições relativas entre eles, demonstrando grande similaridade com enzimas CBHII já descritas na literatura, e sendo assim, de grande interesse biotecnológico para hidrólises de biomassas.
The depletion of reserves, especially of refined oil , with increased energy demands and the urgent need to reduce the carbon emissions on the atmosphere, signals the necessity to search for new sources of energy renewable and clean. Concerns about global warming have led to an increased world interest in biofuels. The new concept of second generation biofuels corresponds to fuel ethanol production from biomass lignocellulosic feedstock. However, to make possible the use of biomass is necessary the conversion of cell-wall molecules into fermentable sugars. The most promising technology for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol fuel is based on the enzymatic degradation of cellulose using cellulase. Some microorganisms such Trichoderma ssp. secretes an efficient enzymatic complex of cellulase. Since the cellobiohydrolases are highly importance in the primary hydrolysis of cellulose, the objective of this study was to perform the biochemical and biophysical characterization of cellobiohydrolase II (CBHII) present into the cellulase complex from the Trichoderma harzianum IOC 3844. The enzyme showed its better activity against pNPC at 60°C and pH 4,8. Capillary electrophoresis showed only glucose molecules as the final product of C5 oligosaccharide hydrolysis. Circular dichroism analysis showed a pattern of secondary structure mainly composed of alpha helix, and the tertiary structure analysis by the emission spectrum of the CBHII showed a wavelength of maximum fluorescence at 33nm at pH 5, indicating that the tryptophans are exposed to solvent. The three dimensional model generated by SAXS showed a structure with two globular domains joined by a linker, and the relative positions among them exhibited great similarity with CBHII described on the literature, and thus, presenting a great biotechnological interest for hydrolysis of biomass.
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Carneiro, Andréia Aparecida Jacomassi [UNESP]. "Produção de β-glucanases por Trichoderma reesei e Trichoderma harzianum e aplicação na hidrólise de β-glucanas". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103972.

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As glucanas fúngicas têm sido muito estudadas por apresentarem respostas biológicas benéficas à saúde. O Agaricus blazei, conhecido popularmente como cogumelo do sol, é um basidiomiceto que apresenta propriedades funcionais devido às β-glucanas. Os fungos Trichoderma harzinaum e Trichoderma reesei foram capazes de se desenvolverem em Agaricus blazei em pó como única fonte de carbono produzindo β-1,3-glucanases, analisadas por superfície de resposta. As enzimas hidrolisaram β-glucanas de A. blazei e produziu glucose e diferentes glucooligossacarídeos. As enzimas brutas do T. harzianum e T. reesei hidrolisaram menos de 15 % de glucana e em torno de 40 % de laminarina (β-1,3 glucana comercial), após 60 minutos, respectivamente. Utilizando a β-1,3-glucanase bruta de T. harzianum foram detectados gentiobiose e laminaritriose nos hidrolisados enzimáticos de β- glucana e laminarina, enquanto a laminaritetraose, celotetraose e celotriose foram identifificados e quantificados apenas nos hidrolisados de β-glucana de A. blazei. A ação da β- 1,3-glucanase bruta de T. reesei sobre a laminarina e glucana de A. blazei resultou em glicose e gentiobiose. O que sugere uma possível diferença na ação catalítica das duas enzimas. As enzimas parcialmente purificadas do T. harzianum e T. reesei hidrolisaram 47 e 85 % de laminarina, respectivamente. A β-1,3-glucanase purificada de T. harzianum não degradou a glucana de A. blazei, e a enzima purificada de T. reesei degradou 2,6 % de glucana, após 60 minutos, no entanto, gentiobiose e laminaritriose foram detectados no hidrolisado de laminarina. Utilizando a enzima parcialmente purificada de T. reesei gentiobiose foi detectado no hidrolisado de glucana e de laminarina, e celotriose e laminaritriose foram detectados apenas no hidrolisado de laminarina. A fim de conhecer melhor...
Fungal glucans have been studied extensively because of their biological responses, which have been shown to possess health benefits. Agaricus blazei, commonly known as mushroom of the sun, is a basidiomycete that has functional properties because of its β-glucans. The fungi Trichoderma harzinaum and Trichoderma reesei were able to develop in a powdered form of A. blazei, which served as the only carbon source. The result was the production of β- 1,3-glucanases, which were analyzed using response surface methodology. The enzymes hydrolyzed the β-glucans of A. blazei, and produced glucose and different glucooligosaccharides. The crude enzymes of T. harzianum and T. reesei hydrolyzed less than 15% of glucan and approximately 40% of laminarin after 60 minutes, respectively. Using crude β-1,3-glucanase from T. harzianum, gentiobiose and laminaritriose were detected in enzymatic hydrolysates of β-glucan and laminarin, while laminaritetraose, cellotriose and celotetraose were identified and quantified only in the hydrolysates of the β-glucan of A. blazei. The action of the crude β-1,3-glucanase of T. reesei on the laminarin and glucan of A. blazei resulted in glucose and gentiobiose. These results suggest a possible difference in the catalytic action of the two enzymes. The partially purified enzymes of T. harzianum and T. reesei hydrolyzed 47% and 85% of laminarin, respectively. The purified β-1,3-glucanase from T. harzianum did not degrade the glucan of A. blazei, and the purified enzyme from T. reesei degraded 2.6% of the glucan after 60 minutes; however, gentiobiose and laminaritriose were detected in the hydrolyzates of laminarin. Using partially purified enzymes from T. reesei, gentiobiose was detected in the hydrolyzates of both glucan and laminarin, and laminaritriose and cellotriose and were detected... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Carneiro, Andréia Aparecida Jacomassi. "Produção de β-glucanases por Trichoderma reesei e Trichoderma harzianum e aplicação na hidrólise de β-glucanas /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103972.

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Orientador: Roberto da Silva
Banca: Adalberto Pessoa Junior
Banca: Inês Conceição Roberto
Banca: Eleonora Cano Carmona
Banca: Eleni Gomes
Resumo: As glucanas fúngicas têm sido muito estudadas por apresentarem respostas biológicas benéficas à saúde. O Agaricus blazei, conhecido popularmente como cogumelo do sol, é um basidiomiceto que apresenta propriedades funcionais devido às β-glucanas. Os fungos Trichoderma harzinaum e Trichoderma reesei foram capazes de se desenvolverem em Agaricus blazei em pó como única fonte de carbono produzindo β-1,3-glucanases, analisadas por superfície de resposta. As enzimas hidrolisaram β-glucanas de A. blazei e produziu glucose e diferentes glucooligossacarídeos. As enzimas brutas do T. harzianum e T. reesei hidrolisaram menos de 15 % de glucana e em torno de 40 % de laminarina (β-1,3 glucana comercial), após 60 minutos, respectivamente. Utilizando a β-1,3-glucanase bruta de T. harzianum foram detectados gentiobiose e laminaritriose nos hidrolisados enzimáticos de β- glucana e laminarina, enquanto a laminaritetraose, celotetraose e celotriose foram identifificados e quantificados apenas nos hidrolisados de β-glucana de A. blazei. A ação da β- 1,3-glucanase bruta de T. reesei sobre a laminarina e glucana de A. blazei resultou em glicose e gentiobiose. O que sugere uma possível diferença na ação catalítica das duas enzimas. As enzimas parcialmente purificadas do T. harzianum e T. reesei hidrolisaram 47 e 85 % de laminarina, respectivamente. A β-1,3-glucanase purificada de T. harzianum não degradou a glucana de A. blazei, e a enzima purificada de T. reesei degradou 2,6 % de glucana, após 60 minutos, no entanto, gentiobiose e laminaritriose foram detectados no hidrolisado de laminarina. Utilizando a enzima parcialmente purificada de T. reesei gentiobiose foi detectado no hidrolisado de glucana e de laminarina, e celotriose e laminaritriose foram detectados apenas no hidrolisado de laminarina. A fim de conhecer melhor... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Fungal glucans have been studied extensively because of their biological responses, which have been shown to possess health benefits. Agaricus blazei, commonly known as "mushroom of the sun," is a basidiomycete that has functional properties because of its β-glucans. The fungi Trichoderma harzinaum and Trichoderma reesei were able to develop in a powdered form of A. blazei, which served as the only carbon source. The result was the production of β- 1,3-glucanases, which were analyzed using response surface methodology. The enzymes hydrolyzed the β-glucans of A. blazei, and produced glucose and different glucooligosaccharides. The crude enzymes of T. harzianum and T. reesei hydrolyzed less than 15% of glucan and approximately 40% of laminarin after 60 minutes, respectively. Using crude β-1,3-glucanase from T. harzianum, gentiobiose and laminaritriose were detected in enzymatic hydrolysates of β-glucan and laminarin, while laminaritetraose, cellotriose and celotetraose were identified and quantified only in the hydrolysates of the β-glucan of A. blazei. The action of the crude β-1,3-glucanase of T. reesei on the laminarin and glucan of A. blazei resulted in glucose and gentiobiose. These results suggest a possible difference in the catalytic action of the two enzymes. The partially purified enzymes of T. harzianum and T. reesei hydrolyzed 47% and 85% of laminarin, respectively. The purified β-1,3-glucanase from T. harzianum did not degrade the glucan of A. blazei, and the purified enzyme from T. reesei degraded 2.6% of the glucan after 60 minutes; however, gentiobiose and laminaritriose were detected in the hydrolyzates of laminarin. Using partially purified enzymes from T. reesei, gentiobiose was detected in the hydrolyzates of both glucan and laminarin, and laminaritriose and cellotriose and were detected... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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9

Grinyer, Jasmine. "Proteomic analysis of the biological control fungus Trichoderma". Doctoral thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/12407.

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Thesis by publication.
"August 2006"
Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Environmental & Life Sciences, Dept. of Biological Sciences & Dept. of Chemistry & Biomolecular Sciences), 2007.
Bibliography: leaves 157-183.
1. Introduction -- 1.1. Proteomics and two-dimensional electrophoresis -- 1.2. A proteomic approach to study the filamentous fungus Trichoderma -- 1.3. Aims of the thesis -- 2. Materials and methods -- 3. Results and discussion -- 3.1. Method development for the display and identification of fungal proteins by 2DE and mass spectrometry -- 3.2. Discovery of novel determinants in the biological control of phytopathogens by Trichoderma atroviride -- 3.3. Summary and concluding remarks.
Trichoderma harzianum and T. atroviride are filamentous fungi commonly found in soil. Both display biocontrol capabilities against a range of phytopathogenic fungi including Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea which are known pests of hundreds of commercially important crops including tomatoes, potatoes, beans, cucumber, strawberries, cotton and grapes. These Trichoderma species secrete a combination of enzymes degrading cell walls and antibiotics to overgrow and kill fungal phytopathogens. They are seen as an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical fungicides currengly used on crops.
A proteomic approach was taken to separate and identify proteins from a strain of T. harzianum with well established biocontrol properties. Several methods were developed in this thesis to display the whole proteome content and several subcellular proteome fractions from T. harzianum. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and identified by mass spectrometric methods. The resulting proteomic maps represent the first extensive array of cellular and sub-cellular proteomes for T. harzianum.
Cellular protein patterns of T. atroviride (T. harzianum P1) grown on media containing either glucose or R. solani cell walls were compared by differential gel electrophoresis to identify a suite of new proteins involved in the biological control response. Twenty four T. atroviride protein spots up-regulated in the presence of the R. solani cell walls were identified by mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing. Proteins identified from this study included previously implicated enzymes degrading cell walls and three novel proteases, vacuolar serine protease, vacuolar protease A and trypsin-like protease. The genes encoding two of these proteases, vacuolar protease A and vacuolar serine protease have been cloned by degenerate primer PCR and genomic walking PCR and sequenced. The gene sequences and protein sequences derived from these genes have been partially characterised.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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Dodd-Wilson, Sarah Louise. "Biochemical and Molecular characterisation of Trichoderma species". Thesis, University of Auckland, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1916.

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The growing importance of many Trichoderma strains as biological control agents and producers of valuable metabolites and enzymes has made their distinction from other Trichoderma isolates essential. However, the use of morphological and cultural characters alone to differentiate individuals within the genus Trichoderma to a level that is most informative has proved difficult due to a lack of reliable characters. In this study, alternative biochemical and molecular techniques were assessed for their ability to differentiate between isolates of the genus Trichoderma. Fifty isolates representing the Trichoderma species T. atroviride, T. hamatum, T. inhamatum, T. koningii, T. virens, T. viride and five morphological sub-groupings of the T. harzianum species were examined. ITS sequence data, RAPD PCR and the ability of an isolate to produce the metabolite 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (PAP) were all used to differentiate between morphologically indistinguishable isolates. Altogether four levels of variation were recognised. The greatest level of resolution was achieved with the RAPD PCR technique, followed by both morphological characters and sequence data from the ITSI region of the ribosomal gene complex. Sequence data from the ITS2 region provided the third level of resolution. The fourth level of resolution was achieved with both sequence data from the second variable region (D2) of the 28S-like ribosomal gene and determination of an isolate's ability to produce the metabolite PAP. Based on these results, it was proposed that a new taxonomic system be established in which individuals of the genus Trichoderma are distinguished by a combination of morphological, cultural. biochemical and molecular characters. Sequence data and RAPD PCR data were also tested for their reliability in estimating the phylogeny of Trichoderma. Sequence data from the ITSI region proved to be the most reliable for predicting the phylogeny of morphologically defined species, whereas RAPD data was most useful for predicting the unrooted phylogeny of strains of morphologically identical isolates (i.e. isolates with less than 10% nucleotide divergence). None of the data employed in the present study were able to resolve all the species tested. It was concluded that additional sequence from a more variable region would be required to achieve this. In addition to the characterisation and phylogenetic studies, two approaches were undertaken in an attempt to isolate a gene(s) vital to the production of the antifungal metabolite PAP, a metabolite believed to be important in the biological control activity of a number of the isolates under investigation. Both attempts were unsuccessful and additional studies undertaken to determine how important PAP is in the biological control activity of Trichoderma isolates were inconclusive. Nevertheless, a natural PAP deficient mutant was identified among the 50 isolates under investigation. Furthermore, synthetic PAP was found to inhibit the infection of lentil seedlings by Sclerotium rolfsii when 10 mg was added to a pot containing six seedlings and three viable sclerotia of the pathogen. The metabolite did not appear to have any detrimental effects on the growth and development of the seedlings.
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Libros sobre el tema "Trichoderma"

1

Sharma, Anil K. y Pratibha Sharma, eds. Trichoderma. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3321-1.

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Mach-Aigner, Astrid R. y Roland Martzy, eds. Trichoderma reesei. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1048-0.

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P, Kubicek C., Harman Gary E y Ondik Kristen L, eds. Trichoderma and Gliocladium. London: Taylor & Francis, 1998.

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Mukherjee, P. K., B. A. Horwitz, U. S. Singh, M. Mala y M. Schmoll, eds. Trichoderma: biology and applications. Wallingford: CABI, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780642475.0000.

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Murmanis, L. Hyphal interaction of trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma polysporum with wood decay fungi. Madison, WI: Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1989.

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Murmanis, L. Hyphal interaction of trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma polysporum with wood decay fungi. Madison, WI: Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1989.

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Murmanis, L. Hyphal interaction of trichoderma harzianum and trichoderma polysporum with wood decay fungi. Madison, WI: Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1989.

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Manoharachary, Chakravarthula, Harikesh Bahadur Singh y Ajit Varma, eds. Trichoderma: Agricultural Applications and Beyond. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54758-5.

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Alimova, F. K. Promyshlennoe primenenie gribov roda Trichoderma. Kazanʹ: Kazanskiĭ gos. universitet, 2006.

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Marc, Claeyssens, Nerinckx Wim, Piens Kathleen y Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), eds. Carbohydrates from Trichoderma Reesei and other microorganisms: Structures, biochemistry, genetics and applications. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1998.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Trichoderma"

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Alperovitch-Lavy, Ariella y Benjamin A. Horwitz. "Can We Define an Experimental Framework to Approach the Genetic Basis of Root Colonization?" En Trichoderma, 1–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3321-1_1.

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Navi, Shrishail S. y X. B. Yang. "Use of Trichoderma in the Management of Diseases in North American Row Crops". En Trichoderma, 187–204. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3321-1_10.

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Bora, L. C., Popy Bora y Monoj Gogoi. "Potential of Trichoderma spp. for Pest Management and Plant Growth Promotion in NE India". En Trichoderma, 205–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3321-1_11.

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Dutta, Pranab, R. P. Bhuyan y Pratibha Sharma. "Deployment of Trichoderma for the Management of Tea Diseases". En Trichoderma, 221–50. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3321-1_12.

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Anandaraj, M. y P. Umadevi. "Multipartite Interaction of Trichoderma harzianum (MTCC 5179) as Endophyte and a Growth Promoter of Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.)". En Trichoderma, 251–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3321-1_13.

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Sharma, Pratibha, P. P. Jambhulkar, M. Raja, S. K. Sain y S. Javeria. "Trichoderma spp. in Consortium and Their Rhizospheric Interactions". En Trichoderma, 267–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3321-1_14.

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Rivera-Méndez, William. "Trichoderma Interactions in Vegetable Rhizosphere Under Tropical Weather Conditions". En Trichoderma, 293–314. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3321-1_15.

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Monti, M. M., P. A. Pedata, L. Gualtieri y M. Ruocco. "The Vocabulary of Trichoderma-Plant Interactions". En Trichoderma, 19–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3321-1_2.

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Poveda, Jorge, Daniel Eugui y Patricia Abril-Urias. "Could Trichoderma Be a Plant Pathogen? Successful Root Colonization". En Trichoderma, 35–59. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3321-1_3.

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Nakkeeran, Sevugapperumal, Suppaiah Rajamanickam, Murugavel Vanthana, Perumal Renukadevi y Malaiyandi Muthamilan. "Harnessing the Perception of Trichoderma Signal Molecules in Rhizosphere to Improve Soil Health and Plant Health". En Trichoderma, 61–79. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3321-1_4.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Trichoderma"

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Щербакова, Татьяна. "Влияние биопрепаратов на основе Trichoderma на снижение развития сосудистого бактериоза капусты". En International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.87.

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Biological preparations Gliocladin-SC and Trichodermin-SC based on the genus Trichoderma fungi were used to protect white cabbage from vascular bacteriosis (pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris). The preparations were used by watering plants with a 1,5% aqueous suspension. The biological effectiveness of the biological product Gliocladin-SC for 2 years of research was 79,6%, the biological product Trichodermin-SC – 67,1%.
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Wu, Yan-bing, Xiu-juan Ren, Da-fu Wu, Zhen-min Yan, Yang fan Gao, Rui-fu Xu, Xi-ling Chen y Jian-feng Lang. "Effect of pesticides on Trichoderma harzianum". En 2010 International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2010.5536350.

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Glukhova, L. B., D. K. Kaposhko, Yu A. Frank, D. A. Ivasenko y D. A. Ivasenko. "Optimization of Trichoderma spp. industrial cultivation". En 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.088.

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Rocha, Kamila Lourrane Carvalho Alencar, Kárita Cristine Rodrigues Dos Santos, Maraiza Castro Bezerra y Vanice Conceição Do Nascimento. "AVALIAÇÃO IN VITRO DA INIBIAÇÃO DO CRESCIMENTO MICELIAL DO FITOPATÓGENO SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM POR ISOLADOS DE TRICHODERMA SPP." En I Congresso de Engenharia de Biotecnologia. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1347.

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Introdução: O fitopatógeno Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causador da doença conhecida popularmente como mofo-branco, acomete diversas culturas agrícolas em todo o mundo, sendo a soja uma das principais monoculturas mais afetadas. Seu alto grau de patogenicidade está associado à sua capacidade de formar escleródios que atuam como mecanismo de resistência e sobrevivência, podendo permanecer viáveis no solo por mais de dez anos e, em muitos casos, são resistentes aos agroquímicos. Considerando a necessidade de métodos biotecnológicos que contribuam no desenvolvimento agrícola sem promover danos ao ambiente e a população, os agentes de controle biológico (ACBs) são hoje vistos como um excelente artifício. Fungos do gênero Trichoderma podem ser considerados ACBs sagazes por apresentar inúmeros mecanismos com alto potencial antagônico a diversos fitopatógenos, que prejudicam a germinação de esporos, o crescimento das hifas e o desenvolvimento de escleródios. Objetivo: Avaliar o potencial antagônico de isolados de Trichoderma em inibir o crescimento micelial do fitopatógeno S. sclerotiorum através da liberação de metabólitos voláteis. Material e Métodos: Para análise da produção de metabólitos voláteis, os isolados Trichoderma harzianum ALL-42 e o Trichoderma asperellum TR-356 e o fitopatógeno S. sclerotiorum, foram dispostos em fundos de placas de Petri com meio Batata Dextrose Ágar (BDA), em face opostas ao outro, onde, no inferior estava o isolado de Trichoderma e no superior o fitopatógeno. Uma placa controle contendo apenas o fitopatógeno foi feita para comparação dos resultados. Resultados: Ambos isolados de Trichoderma apresentaram resultados positivos na inibição do crescimento micelial de S. sclerotiorum. Conclusão: A produção de metabólitos voláteis é uma ação secundária do gênero Trichoderma, ou seja, sua sobrevivência não depende desse mecanismo, ainda assim, esses metabólitos agem contra os antagonistas presentes no meio. Com isso, podemos verificar o quão eficiente é esse gênero como agente de controle biológico, entretanto, outros isolados precisam ser testados no intuito de encontrarmos agentes mais especialistas na defesa contra o fitopatógeno S. sclerotiorum, e dessa forma instigar os benefícios do emprego de agentes biotecnológicos no campo, visando a redução da aplicação de produtos químicos na agricultura.
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Silva, Maria Clara de Andrade Pereira da, GEISSIELEN ANDRADE LAURIUCHI y LUCAS CARVALHO BASÍLIO DE AZEVEDO. "USO DO FUNGO TRICHODERMA NA BUSCA DE UMA AGRICULTURA SUSTENTÁVEL". En III Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências Biologicas. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/iii-conbracib/8516.

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Introdução: A agricultura deve atender a uma demanda crescente de produção de alimentos em um cenário de aumento da exploração dos recursos naturais e de mudanças climáticas. Sendo assim, a inserção de estratégias que fomentem a conservação e a recuperação de solos degradados. Para tanto, podem ser empregados microrganismos rizosféricos capazes de melhorar a disponibilidade de nutrientes, a resistência à estresses abióticos, controle biológico e, portanto, o crescimento vegetal. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar por levantamento bibliográfico os estudos realizados com o fungo Trichoderma na agricultura, com enfoque na melhoria das condições para o crescimento vegetal. Metodologia: Para o levantamento bibliográfico foi utilizado a plataforma Google Scholar usando as palavras-chaves: Trichoderma, endophytic fungi, soil fertility. Os filtros foram as referências de maior relevância dos anos 2018 a 2022 e coletados das três primeiras páginas, totalizando 30 referências. Resultados: Com a descoberta do potencial do Trichoderma na agricultura, muitos trabalhos foram realizados, fomentando a descoberta e produção biotecnológica de cepas desse fungo. De acordo com o levantamento bibliográfico, 60% das referências encontradas foram trabalhos de cunho experimental e os 40% restantes são de revisão e capítulo de livro; para ambos, o ano de maior produção foi 2020. Destes trabalhos, 80% tratou-se do potencial micoparasitário e redução do estresse biótico do Trichoderma, ressaltando a importância de seu uso para diminuir gastos monetários e impactos ambientais provenientes do uso de defensivos agrícolas. No entanto, apenas 27% corresponderam à fertilidade do solo. Observa-se então a necessidade de maior conhecimento sobre o papel do Trichoderma e os mecanismos de promoção do crescimento vegetal em diferentes solos e culturas. Isso é importante para sugerir cepas com potenciais biológicos em diversos ambientes ecológicos. Enquanto, trabalhos relacionados a estresses abióticos (40%) indicam o potencial de uso do Trichoderma em cenário de mudanças climáticas e recuperação de áreas contaminadas. Conclusões: O reconhecimento sobre o potencial do Trichoderma para controle biológico é bem estabelecido na literatura. No entanto, as interações do microrganismo com os solos em várias culturas devem ser mais investigadas para permitir assertividade na aplicação de inóculos na promoção do crescimento vegetal em diferentes situações de fungo-planta-solo.
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Sousa, Tássia Luciane Ferreira de, Giovane Leitão Oliveira, Ana Clara Moura de Sousa, Ana Lucia Aranha da Costa y Dênmora Gomes de Araujo. "INFLUÊNCIA DE BACILLUS SUBTILIS E TRICHODERMA SP NA GERMINAÇÃO DE MILHETO". En I Congresso Brasileiro On-line de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/ensipex/26.

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Introdução: A microbiolização de sementes tem como objetivo inibir a manifestação de patógenos causadores de doenças e promover maior crescimento à planta, técnica utilizada como alternativa do uso de produtos químicos para tratamento de sementes. Por sua alta capacidade proteica, o milheto é muito utilizado na ração animal, possuindo grande adaptação ao Cerrado Brasileiro, a cultura está em grande expansão no país. Objetivo: Analisar a influência do Bacillus subtilis e Trichoderma sp sobre a germinação de milheto. Material e métodos: A suspensão bacteriana de Bacillus subtilis foi ajustada à uma concentração de 1013 u.f.c, os isolados de fungo do gênero Trichodermasp, utilizados em forma de mix (T06, T09, T12 e T52), foram ajustados à uma concentração de 109 u.f.c. Em todos os tratamentos, as sementes permaneceram imersas por 20 minutos, sendo agitadas a cada 5 minutos. Após a microbiolização, 200 sementes de cada tratamento, divididas em quatro repetições de 50 sementes, foram distribuídas uniformemente sobre duas folhas de papel mata borrão umedecidas com água destilada em caixas do tipo gerbox, sendo a quantidade de água determinada pelo peso dos papéis vezes três. A incubação foi feita em câmara do tipo B.O.D a uma temperatura de 28°C com fotoperíodo de 12 horas. Após o início da sua germinação foi registrado o número de plântulas normais e anormais, considerando o crescimento da raiz e a emergência da parte aérea. Resultados: O lote de sementes avaliado expressou boas condições apresentando média de germinação de 70%. Para as sementes inoculadas com o fungo, obteve-se germinação de 68,75%, sendo estatisticamente igual a testemunha pelo teste de Scoff Kmoff a 5% de significância. Contudo, as sementes inoculadas com a bactéria apresentaram média de 79,37% de germinação, sendo o melhor tratamento. Conclusão: Concluiu-se com esse estudo que a utilização de Bacillus subtilis na microbiolização de sementes de milheto promoveu maior germinação e crescimento, mostrando-se mais eficaz quando comparado ao Trichoderma sp.
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Pereira Mendonça, Danielle, Caroline Silva Ferreira, Fernanda Beatriz Bernaldo da Silva, Andrey Nildo de Jesus da Luz Sousa Junior y Oriel Filgueira Lemos. "TRICHODERMA E BACTÉRIAS ENDOFITICAS PARA PROMOÇÃO DE". En IV CONGRESSO INTERNACIONAL DAS CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS. Instituto internacional Despertando Vocações, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31692/2526-7701.ivcointerpdvagro.2019.0136.

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Doni, Febri, Anizan Isahak, Che Radziah Che Mohd Zain, Norela Sulaiman, F. Fathurahman, Wan Nur Syazana Wan Mohd Zain, Ahsan A. Kadhimi, Arshad Naji Alhasnawi, Azwir Anhar y Wan Mohtar Wan Yusoff. "Increasing rice plant growth by Trichoderma sp." En THE 2016 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2016 Postgraduate Colloquium. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4966721.

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Gveroska, B. "TRICHODERMA BIOCONTROL AGENTS FOR TOBACCO SEEDLINGS PROTECTION". En Состояние и перспективы мировых научных исследований по табаку, табачным изделиям и инновационной никотинсодержащей продукции. Краснодар: Государственное научное учреждение Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт табака, махорки и табачных изделий Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48113/496_2020_155-165.

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Sari, Risna Maya, Tengku Sabrina y Mukhlis. "Trichoderma asperellum Cell Density in Several Carriers". En International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramification Researches. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010073800200025.

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Informes sobre el tema "Trichoderma"

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Woodward, J. (Research on Trichoderma cellulases). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septiembre de 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5649635.

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Cruz Barrera, Mauricio, Martha Isabel Gómez, Carlos Andrés Moreno y Bettina Eichler Loberman. Strains of Trichoderma spp. and their Capacity to Mobilize Phosphorus. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.reporte.2016.63.

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Soil microorganisms enhance the plant availability of phosphorus (P). This ability is related to the production of organic acids and the activity of phosphatases. It is assumed that the production of organic acids solubilize insoluble phosphate forms to usable form such as orthophosphate, increasing its potential availability to plants (Vázquez et al. 2000). Filamentous fungi such as Trichoderma sp. have advantages in acid soils presenting morphological and metabolic characteristics that make them promising organisms (Nahas, 1996; Vera et al, 2002). On the other hand, inoculation of soil with phosphate solubilizing fungi has been shown to increase yields in crops like maize and wheat (Singh and Reddy, 2011), beans (Wahid and Mehana, 2000), chickpea (Kapri and Tewari, 2010).
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Harman, Gary y Ilan Chet. Enhancement of Efficacy of Trichoderma spp. for Biological Control Using Protoplast Fusion. United States Department of Agriculture, noviembre de 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1990.7599664.bard.

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Harman, Gary E. y Ilan Chet. Enhancement of plant disease resistance and productivity through use of root symbiotic fungi. United States Department of Agriculture, julio de 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695588.bard.

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The objectives of the project were to (a) compare effects ofT22 and T-203 on growth promotion and induced resistance of maize inbred line Mol7; (b) follow induced resistance of pathogenesis-related proteins through changes in gene expression with a root and foliar pathogen in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203 and (c) to follow changes in the proteome of Mol? over time in roots and leaves in the presence or absence of T22 or T-203. The research built changes in our concepts regarding the effects of Trichoderma on plants; we hypothesized that there would be major changes in the physiology of plants and these would be reflected in changes in the plant proteome as a consequence of root infection by Trichoderma spp. Further, Trichoderma spp. differ in their effects on plants and these changes are largely a consequence of the production of different elicitors of elicitor mixtures that are produced in the zone of communication that is established by root infection by Trichoderma spp. In this work, we demonstrated that both T22 and T-203 increase growth and induce resistance to pathogens in maize. In Israel, it was shown that a hydrophobin is critical for root colonization by Trichoderma strains, and that peptaibols and an expansin-like protein from Ttrichoderma probably act as elicitors of induced resistance in plants. Further, this fungus induces the jasmonate/ethylene pathway of disease resistance and a specific cucumber MAPK is required for transduction of the resistance signal. This is the first such gene known to be induced by fungal systems. In the USA, extensive proteomic analyses of maize demonstrated a number of proteins are differentially regulated by T. harzianum strain T22. The pattern of up-regulation strongly supports the contention that this fungus induces increases in plant disease resistance, respiratory rates and photosynthesis. These are all very consistent with the observations of effects of the fungus on plants in the greenhouse and field. In addition, the chitinolytic complex of maize was examined. The numbers of maize genes encoding these enzymes was increased about 3-fold and their locations on maize chromosomes determined by sequence identification in specific BAC libraries on the web. One of the chitinolytic enzymes was determined to be a heterodimer between a specific exochitinase and different endochitinases dependent upon tissue differences (shoot or root) and the presence or absence of T. harzianum. These heterodimers, which were discovered in this work, are very strongly antifungal, especially the one from shoots in the presence of the biocontrol fungus. Finally, RNA was isolated from plants at Cornell and sent to Israel for transcriptome assessment using Affymetrix chips (the chips became available for maize at the end of the project). The data was sent back to Cornell for bioinformatic analyses and found, in large sense, to be consistent with the proteomic data. The final assessment of this data is just now possible since the full annotation of the sequences in the maize Affy chips is just now available. This work is already being used to discover more effective strains of Trichoderma. It also is expected to elucidate how we may be able to manipulate and breed plants for greater disease resistance, enhanced growth and yield and similar goals. This will be possible since the changes in gene and protein expression that lead to better plant performance can be elucidated by following changes induced by Trichoderma strains. The work was in, some parts, collaborative but in others, most specifically transcriptome analyses, fully synergistic.
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Blok, Chris, Andrea Diaz, Nina Oud, Marta Streminska, Ming Huisman, Pham Khanh, Lydia Fryda y Rianne Visser. Biochar as a carrier : Trichoderma harzianum on Biochar to promote disease suppression in strawberry. Bleiswijk: Wageningen University & Research, BU Greenhouse Horticulture, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/501687.

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Reaves, Jimmy L. y Ralph H. Crawford. In vitro colony interactions among species of Trichoderma with inference toward biological control. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-rp-474.

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Beltrán, C., J. Zapata y L. Uribe. Caracterización fisiológica de cepas de Trichoderma spp., seleccionadas por su potencial de uso para el control de Rhizoctonia solani en arroz bajo condiciones in vitro. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2016.46.

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El añublo de la vaina causado por Rhizoctonia solani AG1, es una de las principales limitantes de la producción de arroz a nivel mundial, provocando pérdidas superiores al 50 %. Actualmente, no se cuenta con variedades resistentes, por lo que el principal método de control del patógeno es mediante el uso de fungicidas de síntesis química, con ingredientes activos como Fenbuconazol (IV), Picoxystrobin (II) y Propiconazol (III). Como una alternativa promisoria al uso de fungicidas de síntesis química, se seleccionaron diferentes cepas de Trichoderma spp., por su potencial control del patógeno. Teniendo en cuenta que la actividad biológica de los microorganismos antagonistas es influenciada por factores como el pH y la temperatura, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar siológicamente 15 cepas de Trichoderma spp., por su capacidad de crecer a temperaturas de 20 °C, 25 °C y 30 °C y a pHs entre 4,5 y 7,0, condiciones similares a las encontradas en los cultivos comerciales de arroz en el municipio de Saldaña, Tolima (Colombia).
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Bautista, Eddy. Caracterización de crudos enzimáticos del hongo Trichoderma koningiopsis Th003 para ser usados como aditivos de ensilaje. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2014.3.

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Los sistemas de ensilado de forrajes se presentan como alternativa para garantizar la disponibilidad de alimento en diferentes épocas del año, manteniendo el valor nutricional de los mismos. Además, el forraje ensilado puede sustituir o completar el uso de concentrados en la alimentación, reduciendo los costos, pero al mismo tiempo manteniendo calidad en la alimentación de los animales. Sin embargo, es importante realizar un proceso de ensilaje utilizando prácticas adecuadas que mantengan la estabilidad aeróbica del silo y que no permita la colonización de microorganismos indeseables, entre otros (Herrera 2014). Algunas enzimas fibrolíticas se adicionan como aditivos a los ensilajes para favorecer el proceso de fermentación, así como para aumentar el valor nutricional del mismo. Estas enzimas son producidas principalmente por hongos filamentosos mediante fermentación en estado sólido (SSF) (Daguerre et al. 2014). Actualmente, Agrosavia utiliza los conidios de un hongo filamentoso nativo de Colombia, Trichoderma koningiopsis Th003 para producir por SSF el bioplaguicida Tricotec®. Durante este proceso, queda un sobrenadante producto de la separación de los conidios del sustrato sólido, el cual contiene las enzimas que el hongo ha secretado, y que podría ser utilizados como un subproducto, dando un valor agregado al proceso. Por lo tanto, en este estudio se presenta la caracterización de las enzimas del sobrenadante, y el efecto de la temperatura y tiempo de almacenamiento sobre actividad enzimática. Se encontró que el sobrenadante presenta una baja actividad enzimática de proteasa (U/gss) 0,509± 0,060, amilasa (U/gss) 2,563 ± 0,117, una actividad enzimática media de CMCasa (U/gss) 10,949 ± 0,276, y Fpasa (U/gss) 11,149 ± 0,523. Mientras que presenta alta actividad enzimática de β (1,3)-glucanasa (U/gss) 20,873 ± 1,666, demostrando la capacidad de esta cepa para producción de enzimas pertenecientes al complejo celulolítico. En cuanto al efecto de la temperatura se concluye, que el extracto enzimático se puede almacenar a cualquier temperatura (-20 °C, 4 °C o 16 °C) sin tener ninguna diferencia significativa entre actividades enzimáticas en el día siete. La actividad enzimática de CMCasa y Fpasa aumento en el tiempo, mientras que la actividad enzimática que β (1,3)-glucanasa y proteasas disminuyo en el tiempo
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Harman, Gary E. y Ilan Chet. Enhancing Crop Yield through Colonization of the Rhizosphere with Beneficial Microbes. United States Department of Agriculture, diciembre de 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580684.bard.

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At the start of this project, fungi in the genus Trichoderma were known to be potent biocontrol agents, and their primary mechanism was considered to via direct effects upon the target fungi. Due in large part to the efforts of the two PIs, we now know that this view is far too limited; while Trichoderma spp. do indeed have direct effects on pathogenic fungi, they have very far reaching effects directly upon plants. Indeed, these fungi must be considered as opportunistic plant symbionts; they provide a number of benefits to plants and themselves are favored by large numbers of healthy roots. Research under this BARD grant has demonstrated that These fungi induce resistance mechanisms in plants. They increase root development and depth of rooting; Bradyrhizobium enhances this effect in soybean. They enhance uptake of plant nutrients. They have abilities to solubilize nutrients, such as oxidized metals and insoluble phosphorus compounds by a variety of different mechanisms and biochemicals. This is a marked expansion of our knowledge of the abilities of these organisms. This knowledge has direct implications for understanding of basic plant responses and abilities, and already is being used to improve plant productivity and reduce pollution of the environment.
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Harman, Gary y Ilan Chet. Molecular Approaches to Strain Improvement and Determination of the Role of Specific Gene Products in Biocontrol by Trichoderma Spp. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7604308.bard.

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