Tesis sobre el tema "Travail essentiel"
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Cousin, Laurence. "Contribution à l'étude de la déchirure de films polymères à partir du travail essentiel de rupture et de l'intégrale J". Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-170.pdf.
Texto completoMaguet, Ulla. "Le travail de care des Accompagnants des élèves en situation de handicap, entre discrétion et vulnérabilité : la face cachée d'un métier essentiel". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LIMO0056.
Texto completoLaw No. 2005-102 of February 11, 2005 for equal rights and opportunities, participation and citizenship for people with disabilities creates an upheaval in the care of students with special needs (Suau, 2020). The function of the AESH helps to compensate for the handicap of the student so that he can follow his schooling as closely as possible to ordinary conditions. We can categorize its missions into three areas of intervention, namely: supporting students in the acts of daily life, supporting students in access to learning activities (educational, cultural, sporting, artistic or professional) and finally, supporting students in activities of social and relational life. We want to approach this support through the work of care. To be interested in the care work of AESH is to make part of their work visible, a discreet or even invisible work, but essential to inclusion in action. Through ethnographic research of a sociological type in three schools (school, college and vocational high school), with six AESH over a period of two years, we try to uncover, if it exists, the care work of AESH
Bertucat, Franck. "Accompagnement méthodologique et formation à l'autorégulation des apprentissages : un enjeu essentiel pour pour l'université". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2145/document.
Texto completoHow to help students become “better learners” (learn""better) by making them discover their cerebral processing and by enabling them to determine and develop their own strategies of learning?We formulate the hypothesis that the question of the contents and that of the strategies to implement are inseparable. We are further interested in the methodological support and, more particularly, in the autoregulation of learning in Higher Education. We try to know with which conditions this support is effective.This study will therefore demonstrate that it is necessary to accompany the students who arrive in Higher Education to allow them to make the most of their training.We also show that the autoregulation of learning (apprenticeships) is not only useful for the students to equip them in their professional role (Coulon,1997), but also, in an indirect way, because its implementation modifies the relationship in the knowledge and in the teaching of the every teacher. We make our demonstration in three stages. We study at first the state of Higher Education in France and highlight several phenomena which characterize its strong evolution during the past sixty years: the significant increase in Higher Education options is not tantamount to democratization (Merle, 2002; Pinto, 2008) and the number of failures remains high (25% of the subscribers do not obtain their diploma in 4 years). Secondly, we enter the educational domain by confronting the academic practices with knowledge brought by sociology, psychology, neurosciences but also research and innovations in pedagogy. Finally, we analyze the experience which we led within our institution with first-year students. We can show that it is possible to facilitate the process of learning and to move forward concretely to the autoregulation of learning. We will finish with some recommendations in the direction of the neoholders of high school diplomas, teachers as well as the institutions of Higher Education
Martin, Guilhem. "Hot workability of duplex stainless steels". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721764.
Texto completoCheng, Sihan. "Développement de méthodes et d'analyses pour l'étude de la ténacité sur petites éprouvettes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLM006.
Texto completoFracture toughness tests allow measuring a material's properties resisting crack initiation and propagation. They require the specimen size to be large enough to measure a valid value. However, there are numerous cases where obtaining specimens of adequate dimensions is impossible. By combining an experimental approach with simulations, this thesis aims to develop methods for measuring the toughness of a ductile material using small specimens. This study is carried out on 316L(N) stainless steel, which is widely used in the nuclear industry. To assess the robustness of the approach, the material was studied at its as-received state and at an aged state at 750°C for 2000 hours, which is less ductile.A broad range of uncracked specimens (smooth and notched tensile, double edge notched tensile (DENT), and flat-grooved) and cracked specimens (CT) with variable geometries was studied. The cracked specimens were analyzed in terms of J-da curve, and the uncracked specimens (DENT) in terms of essential work of fracture. These tests, combined with fractographic analysis and interrupted tests, allow identifying the damage sequence and adjusting a coupled plastic behavior and damage model (GTN type). The comparison between experiences and simulations facilitated discussions on the size effect on J measurement, the validity limits of standards, and the competition between rupture by ductile tearing and plastic instability
Fontaine, Laurence. "Le service minimum - Les services essentiels : approches française et québécoise". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00068888.
Texto completoCriqui, Laure. "Attention ! Travaux en cours : l’extension des réseaux de services essentiels dans les quartiers irréguliers de Delhi et Lima". Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1192/document.
Texto completoThe extension of electricity, water and sanitation networks in developing cities seems to be a priori complicated by the lack or the deficiencies of urban planning. The modalities of infrastructure deployment into the irregular settlements of Delhi and Lima are here analysed as sociotechnical mechanisms, indicative of the dynamics of the urban fabric. Indeed, on a daily basis, utility firms do install pipes and poles in unplanned settlements. Some technical, social and institutional innovations make the extension of networks possible; the lack of urban planning is therefore not an obstacle to service extension. Nonetheless, this process is not optimal: the conduct of public works is disordered, unpredictability hampers the elaboration of strategies and political injunctions can be contradictory. Such coordination deficits generate uncertainties which are more difficult to overcome for utility firms. There are nevertheless some promising leads for intervention in unplanned settlements: alternative devices for servicing exist that can be promoted; some informal plans and data satisfy the needs for knowledge on the city and would be well worth valuing; and the design and the preservation of the road layout appear to be decisive to allow a coherent, progressive and sustainable urban consolidation process. The analysis of network extension helps to identify key instruments for public action in developing cities, and thus offers new perspectives for urban planning to develop the existing city as well as to strategically prepare for the urbanisation yet to come
Fontaine, Laurence Léa. "Le service minimum et les services essentiels : étude française confrontée au droit Québecois". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences Sociales - Toulouse I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00008635.
Texto completoCiobanu, Anca. "Développement de supports absorbants à base de cyclodextrines pour la désodorisation des atmosphères de travail par des essences naturelles". Thesis, Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0515.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis was to develop air fresheners from various natural essences. Those must be efficient in the improvement of working atmosphere microclimate. A fundamental study on the optimization of extraction of natural essences andidentification of components of these essences was performed by GC/MS. We have also studied the process of molecular recognition between the major components of these essences and native or modified CDs. The stability of these complexes was measured by three different methods: static headspace, UV-visible spectrophotometry and isothermal titration microcalorimetry.The realization of adsorbents supports based on cyclodextrins was carried out by using cyclodextrin polymers synthesized from epichlorohydrin and hybrid materials of CM-β-CD/LDH type. The efficiency of air fresheners was evaluated by measuring the release time of odorous compounds
Ciobanu, Anca. "Développement de supports absorbants à base de cyclodextrines pour la désodorisation des atmosphères de travail par des essences naturelles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0515.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis was to develop air fresheners from various natural essences. Those must be efficient in the improvement of working atmosphere microclimate. A fundamental study on the optimization of extraction of natural essences andidentification of components of these essences was performed by GC/MS. We have also studied the process of molecular recognition between the major components of these essences and native or modified CDs. The stability of these complexes was measured by three different methods: static headspace, UV-visible spectrophotometry and isothermal titration microcalorimetry.The realization of adsorbents supports based on cyclodextrins was carried out by using cyclodextrin polymers synthesized from epichlorohydrin and hybrid materials of CM-β-CD/LDH type. The efficiency of air fresheners was evaluated by measuring the release time of odorous compounds
Neffati, Aicha. "Etude de la composition chimique et évaluation d’activités biologiques de l’huile essentielle d’une Apiaceae de Tunisie : Pituranthos chloranthus : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]". Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2009.
Texto completoPituranthos chloranthus (Apiaceae) is a small aromatic plant which grows naturally in North Africa and is widespread in central and southern Tunisia. The chemical composition of the essential oils (EO) of Pituranthos chloranthus harvested at the vegetative, flower budding, flowering and fruiting stages from three distinct geographical areas of Tunisia was investigated using GC-FID and GC–MS. One hundred and fifty compounds were identified in which α-pinene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene, β-myrcene, β-phellandrene, p-cymene, 8-methyldecanal, exo-2-hydroxycineole acetate and carvacrol could reach more than 10% of the total amount. The geographical and seasonal composition changes were discriminated using a PLS regression analysis. The antimicrobial properties were tested against five different bacteria. The EO were found to be weakly active with MIC and MBC values in the range 0. 6 – 4 and 2. 2 – 5 mg/ml respectively. The antimutagenic activities of oils were tested using Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100, TA104 and TA1535. The EO were not mutagenic towards all strains. They reduced significantly benz(a)pyren, 2-aminoanthracene as well as sodium azide and methyl methanesulfonate induced mutagenicity. The EO were not genotoxic towards both E. Coli PQ37 and PQ35 strains. They reduced significantly Aflatoxin B1, Nifuroxazide and H2O2 induced genotoxicity. A protective effect was shown against damages induced by radicals obtained from the photolysis of H2O2 on DNA plasmid through free radical scavenging mechanisms. Finally, the antioxidative activities of essential oils were investigated using various established in vitro systems including xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay, superoxide radicals scavenging, reducing power as well as the deoxyribose degradation model. The essential oils scavenging capacity was tested for its DPPH radical scavenging and was also estimated by evaluating the inhibition of ABTS+. Radical. SDS-PAGE protein profile was carried out with the fresh aerial parts extracts to observe the variety and evolution of the proteins during vegetative cycle
Besnier, Sylvaine. "Le travail documentaire des professeurs à l'épreuve des ressources technologiques : le cas de l'enseignement du nombre à l'école maternelle". Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0026/document.
Texto completoOur research focuses on kindergarten teachers' resources and professional knowledge. We examine how numbers are taught, particularly with technological resources. Designing and implementing teaching units with these resources, in a fruitful way, is complex, and probably implies that these resources, along with teachers' practices and professional knowledge, evolve. We notably attempt to grasp these evolutions and their impetus. Our theoretical framework mainly refers to the documentational approach of didactics, that allows us to observe how technological resources are integrated in teachers' resource systems. We link up with this approach the notion of orchestration, and analyse the fine didactic management of technological and tangible resources in kindergarten classes. Our study lies within the framework of the research group MARENE, a project on the designing of resources and of the follow-up of their use. Thus, we follow the long-term documentation work of two teachers involved in this project.We propose an « immersion » at the core of these two teachers' documentation activity. We highlight how a general resource system is articulated with a local resource system on the teaching of numbers. We develop the notions of essential ressources and of pivotal resources in order to examine this articulation. We propose to join another notion to these, the notion of set of situated resources. Our research also makes us identify new specific orchestrations at kindergarten school. These are deeply linked to professional knowledge and to resources shared by teachers working in this context (importance, in mathematics, of manipulation, of tangible resources) . We bring out differentdocumentational geneses among the two teachers we follow. We show the dynamic geneses in which the instrumentalisation and instrumentation processes overlap, when it comes to the designing and implementation of lessons including technological ressources, but also, in a broader perspective, as regards the teaching of numbers. The observation of pupils and the collective are essential incentive for the unfolding of these geneses
Elbeherry, Ibrahim. "Théorie des contrats administratifs et marchés publics internationaux". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00412538.
Texto completoBernier, Marie-Ève. "Le discours gouvernemental et la légitimité du droit à la négociation collective : étude de deux conflits de travail au Québec menant à l'adoption de lois forçant le retour au travail". Mémoire, 2007. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/649/1/M10077.pdf.
Texto completoFontaine, Laurence Léa. "Le service minimum et les services essentiels : étude française confrontée au droit québécois". Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2382.
Texto completoEvery public sector strike brings up the question of a need for a skeleton service. In this area French law is extremely fragmentary and vague. In spite of numerous attempts to introduce legislation no law has been voted. The main reason has been the considerable technical difficulty in reconciling the two basic constitutional principles ofthe right to strike and the continuity of public services. This study brings into focus the problems and questions arising from the idea of a skeleton service and attempts to identify the most practical solution in the context of French law. To give clearer defmition to the study, the Quebec legislation in this field was used as a model. It has been in force for twenty years and this offers many practical lessons. Setting up a skeleton service in the public sector has to be based on an accurate definition of the notion itself as well as its concrete application. Its underlying principles and field of application have to be defined. Qualitative and quantitative aspects, bargain procedures and partners, necessary resources, all have to be identified.
"Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en droit (L.L.D)"
Lyonnais-Bourque, Maude. "Encadrement de la grève et restrictions à la négociation collective : impact de la Trilogie de 2015 de la Cour suprême du Canada". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20731.
Texto completoDubé, Edith. "Les effets du régime des services essentiels sur la négociation collective : études de cas dans les secteurs du transport en commun et de la santé et des services sociaux". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6045.
Texto completoIn Québec, collective bargaining in the public sector is to follow the rules established by the Labour Code (L.R.Q. C.-27). Certain sectors, providing essential services such as the public transit sector and the health and social services sector have additional rules. Those rules are referred to as the essential services legislation. Negotiations occurring within this structure have noticeable differences - the exclusion of political considerations, on the one hand, and the lack of a replacement for public services for the public, on the other hand – that distinguishes them from the more common framework of collective bargaining established by the Labor Code for other sectors of activity (Bergeron et Paquet, 2006). We ask the question: what are the impacts of the essentials services legislation on collective bargaining? For this research project, we have analysed the impact of the essential services legislation (rules by the Labor Code and decisions rendered by the Essential services board) on different aspects of collective bargaining: 1) mobilization, 2) power bargaining, 3) pressure tactics, 4) flow of negotiation, 5) work stoppage, 6) results of collective bargaining and 7) work climat. We carried out two case studies in order to study the atypical negotiations in our industrial relations system. The first study was in the public transit sector and the second in the health and social services sector. The results demonstrate that the essential services legislation influences collective bargaining. But the additional constraints in the social services sector do not seem to influence, on a larger scale, the collective bargaining for that sector of activity.
Martin, Guilhem. "Forgeabilité des aciers inoxydables austéno-ferritiques". Phd thesis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00672279.
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