Literatura académica sobre el tema "Transparent (Television program)"

This study investigated the influence of television consumption patterns on changes in attitudes toward depicted social out-groups. Participants were randomly assigned to view six episodes of Amazon’s Transparent, a comedy-drama program about a family whose father comes out as a transgender woman, in either one 3-hr (“binge-watching”) session or six weekly half-hour (“appointment-viewing”) sessions. Across both groups, we found exposure to the narrative reduced anti-transgender prejudice. Counter to the predictions of the extended elaboration likelihood model and the entertainment overcoming resistance model, however, improvement in prejudice toward transgender people was not predicted by narrative or character involvement. Rather, reduction in prejudice was an outcome of viewing condition, such that those who viewed the program on a schedule of one episode per week exhibited lower levels of postexposure prejudice than those who binge-watched, and their attitudinal changes were more persistent 3 weeks later. Results are discussed in the context of the original elaboration likelihood model, proposing mechanisms for further testing.

Abstrak Perkembangan televisi begitu pesat karena dirasakan manfaatnya dan diakui memiliki nilai lebih dibandingkan media – media pendahulunya. Televisi dapat menjangkau wilayah dan jumlah penonton yang tidak terbatas. Tantangan globalisasi dengan kecepatan tinggi menyentuh aspek global terhadap perkembangan informasi, transformasi, dan teknologi sudah tidak dapat dicegah lagi dan berkembang secara transparan. Program Rumpi No Secret di Trans TV, yang dipandu Feni Rose sebagai host merupakan tayangan yang mengulik hal pribadi dan melalui permainan menarik, bintang tamu, mampu menjadi hiburan yang menarik. Teori uses and gratification dalam penelitian ini, dapat menimbulkan harapan tertentu oleh media massa atas kebutuhan secara psikologis dan sosial, yang menimbulkan pemenuhan kebutuhan dan membawa terpaan media berlainan. Untuk mengukur konsep media, digunakan Gratification Sought dan Gratification Obtained untuk membandingkan tingkat kesenjangan. Kesenjangan yang semakin kecil, semakin dapat memuaskan media dan kesenjangan yang semakin besar, semakin tidak dapat memuaskan media. Pendekatan Kuantitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yakni penelitian deskriptif. Memperlihatkan kepuasan penonton dalam bentuk loyalitas dalam program acara Host Program Rumpi No Secret di Trans TV dengan memakai teknik sampling Taro Yamane, terdapat jumlah responden sebanyak 100 orang, dalam penelitian ini diperoleh koefisien determinan RSquare = 0,436 yang kesimpulannya Loyalitas Penonton (Y) dipengaruhi 43,6% oleh Host Rumpi No Secret dan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang belum terungkap sebesar 56,4%. Kata kunci: Program Rumpi, Uses and gratification, Layalitas Penonton Abstract The development of television is so fast because it has felt its benefits and is recognized as having more value than its predecessor media. Television can reach an unlimited area and number of viewers. The challenges of globalization at high speed touching the global aspects of the development of information, transformation and technology can no longer be prevented and develop in a transparent manner. The Rumpi No Secret program on Trans TV, which was guided by Feni Rose as the host, is a program that explores personal things and through interesting games, guest stars can become interesting entertainment. The uses and gratification theory in this study can raise certain expectations by the mass media for psychological and social needs, which lead to fulfilling needs and bringing different media exposure. To measure the concept of media, Gratification Sought and Gratification Obtained are used to compare the level of inequality. The smaller the gap, the more it can satisfy the media and the bigger the gap, the less it can satisfy the media. Quantitative approach is used in this research, namely descriptive research. Showing audience satisfaction in the form of loyalty in the No Secret Rumpi Program Host program on Trans TV using the Taro Yamane sampling technique, there are 100 respondents, in this study the determinant coefficient of RSquare = 0.436 which concludes that Audience Loyalty (Y) is influenced by 43, 6% by Host Chat No Secret and the rest is influenced by other factors that have not been revealed by 56.4%. Keywords: Rumor Program, Uses and gratification, Audience Layality

How has commercial remote sensing influenced the framing of public narratives about nuclear programs and weapons of mass destruction? This article examines an early and formative case: In 2002, a Washington-based nongovernmental organization used commercial satellite images to publicly identify the Natanz nuclear facility in Iran. The episode helped inaugurate the ‘Iran nuclear crisis’ as we have known it since. But it also played a role in fomenting a commercial market for remote sensing, adjusting the role of ‘citizen scientist’ in the nuclear arms-control community, visualizing a new television journalism beat of ‘covering the intelligence community’, legitimizing a transforming role of nuclear safeguards inspectors at the International Atomic Energy Agency, and solidifying Iran’s nuclear program as ‘clandestine’. This article follows the images as they pass through these social worlds and examines how heterogenous actors incorporated remote sensing into their identities and commitments to global transparency.

This article examines two instances of media policy involving satellite transmission and Indigenous television: the introduction of the Viewer Access Satellite Television (VAST) platform in 2010 and the introduction of AUSSAT in the mid-1980s. The government's failure to provide community and Indigenous broadcasters with an access regime at the time of AUSSAT resulted in Australia's first and only Indigenous commercial television licensee, Imparja. Over a quarter of a century later, Imparja now forms part of the joint-venture company that runs VAST, a key component of Australia's digital switchover planning. During the passage of the legislative amendments required to establish VAST, the issue of access resurfaced – this time in relation to Australia's national and community Indigenous television channels. The article recounts the events leading up to the 2010 Bill, and examines the intended and unintended consequences of satellite policy in relation to Indigenous media, including equalisation and transparency of government funding programs.

The remit of public service broadcasting includes the obligation of universal programming, which covers all kinds of programmes such as culture, news, entertainment and sport. Several European Union documents stress the special role of Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) in society and acknowledge a far-reaching autonomy of Member States to define and finance their national system of public service broadcasting. All European countries have defined remits for their public service broadcasters. The definition of the mission of PSB in Poland is only related to the activity of the public radio and television. Also the way PSB gives account for its programme activities, and the control of the way PSB fulfils its remit. Theme channels are part of the remit of public service broadcasting. These channels are considered as important and almost self-evident activities of PSB. Nevertheless there is a need for such provisions to define the mission of PSB in Poland. This is necessary to further specify the criteria used to determine whether a service of theme channels which are transmitted by the public television is of an economic or a non-economic nature. This is the most important because of the requirements of state financing of public service broadcasters. These transparency requirements are internal accounts corresponding to different activities – public service and non-public service activities must be separated.

This study aims to know television in carrying out the CSR program of Jembatan Asa SCTV. The research method used is a qualitative method, using interview techniques with resource persons SCTV Corporate Communication. The targets of this CSR program are residents of Sipak Village, Jasinga District, Kab. Bogor. In this research, it was found that the strategy used for CSR. The Asa Bridge is an introduction to society or beliefs, selecting messages, determining methods as well as selecting and selecting media. However, the communication strategy included in the measured evaluation has not been carried out properly by SCTV. The conclusion of the research is that for the implementation of a good CSR program from planning to implementing it is not easy, good communication, good coordination, as well as qualified cooperation, within the company or external needs between companies and with interests is needed. The results and benefits obtained from the CSR program must be disseminated to the public for accountability and corporate transparency. Communication carried out in the CSR Asa SCTV program is carried out through a series of methods and activities to reach the target audience as the beneficiaries of the CSR program.

Purpose: to analyze and determine the impact of computerization on the organization and conduct of armwrestling competitions. Material and Methods. The following methods were used in the research: analysis of scientific and methodical literature, documentary sources, publications and Internet resources, programming method. Results: in the course of the research the potential problems and challenges connected with the introduction of computerization in armwrestling were revealed. To achieve the goal, it was determined what functionality modern software should have for conducting and organizing competitions: versatility and compatibility; athlete database; digital passport of the athlete; visualization of information about the competition; integration with television and online broadcasts; statistics of the work of the judging panel; automation of team results calculation and printing of diplomas; export of results to the website; integration with statistical and analytical tools; security and confidentiality. The «ArmRe»c software was developed and implemented in the systematic work of the «Armwrestling Federation of Ukraine». The proposed «ArmRe»c program helped to: visualize pairs and competition schedules; conduct live broadcasts with captions; generate digital passports of athletes; ensure quick printing of diplomas and awards and automatic generation of team results. The implementation of the software for organizing and conducting armwrestling competitions has demonstrated a significant increase in efficiency in all aspects of the competition process. The main advantages of the proposed «ArmRec» program include: optimization of registration and competition management processes; improved interaction with spectators; efficiency in determining results and awarding; increased transparency and fairness. Conclusions. Computerization of the organization and conduct of competitions is a key factor in the development of modern sports, including armwrestling. It not only improves the efficiency and quality of competitions, but also plays an important role in the popularization and development of armwrestling as a sport, meeting the challenges of the digital era and opening up new opportunities for growth and expansion of the audience. Keywords: modern technologies, armwrestling, computerization, organization, competitive activity.

वैधानिक राजनीतिक नेतृत्व र सैन्यसंस्थाबीचको सम्बन्धलाई नागरिक–सैनिक सम्बन्ध भनिन्छ । नागरिक–सैनिक सम्बन्ध अन्तर्गत सैन्य निकायहरू विभिन्न गतिविधिमा संलग्न हुन्छन् । साङ्ग्रामिक कार्यमा मात्र नभई अन्य क्षेत्रमा समेत सेनाको संलग्नता विश्वभरि नै देखिन्छ । यस लेखमा विशेषत: गैरसाङ्ग्रामिक गतिविधि अन्तर्गत नेपाली सेनाको सैनिक पत्रकारिताको वर्णन गरिएको छ । सेनाका गतिविधिमा पारदर्शिता र सूचनाको प्रसारका निमित्त सैनिक पत्रकारिता महइभ्वपूर्ण रहन्छ । सेनाले गर्ने पत्रकारिताले सैन्य शक्तिको लोकतन्त्रिीकरण र सेनामा नागरिक सर्वोच्चताको आधार मजबूत बनाउँछ । नेपाली सेनाले पत्रकारिताका विभिन्न माध्यम छापा, रेडियो, टेलिभिजन र अनलाइनबाट विभिन्न सामग्री प्रकाशन, प्रसारण गर्दै आएको छ । जस्तै: ‘सिपाही’ पाक्षिक पत्रिका, नेपाली सेना रेडियो कार्यक्रम, माटोले माग्दैन आफैँले दिनुपर्छ टेलिभिजन कार्यक्रम, आदि । यी गतिविधिले नागरिकलाई राष्ट्रियता, राष्ट्रिय एकता, स्वाधीनता र भौगोलिक अखण्डताको पक्षमा अभिप्रेरित गरिरहेका छन् । सूचनाको प्रसार, नागरिक सैनिक सम्बन्धको सबलीकरण र राष्ट्रिय एकताको संवद्र्धन लगायतका क्षेत्रमा सैनिक पत्रकारिताको महइभ्व झल्किन्छ । यस लेखमा नागरिक–सैनिक सम्बन्धको अवधारणा, यसको उत्पत्ति र विकासक्रमको वर्णन गरिएको छ । सेनाले सैनिक पत्रकारिताको प्रयोग गर्ने अन्तरराष्ट्रिय अभ्याससँगसँगै नेपाली सेनाको पत्रकारिताको ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि र वर्तमान अवस्थाको विवेचना गरिएको छ । प्रथम र द्वितीय स्रोतका सामग्रीको प्रयोग गरेर तयार पारिएको यो लेख वर्णनात्मक, तुलनात्मक र गुणात्मक विश्लेषण शैलीमा आधारित छ । विभिन्न राष्ट्रिय, अन्तरराष्ट्रिय प्रकाशन, विदेशी सेनाको पत्रकारितासम्बन्धी लेख, नेपाली सेनाका प्रकाशन आदि दस्तावेजलाई आधार मानेर अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनले नेपाली सेना पत्रकारिताका अनेक माध्यममा सक्रिय रहेको देखाउँछ । राष्ट्रिय अखण्डता र एकताको प्रवद्र्धनका साथै सार्वजनिक सम्बन्धविस्तारमा पनि नेपाली सेनाको पत्रकारिताले सकारात्मक भूमिका खेलेको छ । {The relationship between the legitimate political leadership and the military organization is called the civil-military relationship. Under civil-military relations, military agencies are involved in various activities. The involvement of the army is seen not only in military operations but also in other fields all over the world. In this article, the military journalism of the Nepali Army is described especially under non-military activities. Military Journalism remains glorious for the sake of transparency and dissemination of information in the activities of the army. Journalism done by the military strengthens the basis of democratization of military power and civilian supremacy in the military. The Nepali Army has been publishing and broadcasting various materials through various media such as print, radio, television and online. For example: 'Sipahi' fortnightly magazine, Nepali Army radio program, Soil does not demand, should give itself television program, etc.These activities are motivating citizens in favor of nationalism, national unity, independence and geographical integrity. The glory of military journalism is reflected in the dissemination of information, the strengthening of civil-military relations and the promotion of national unity. This article describes the concept of civil-military relations, its origin and development.Along with the international practice of using military journalism by the army, the historical background and current situation of journalism of the Nepali army has been discussed. This article prepared using the materials of the first and second sources is based on descriptive, comparative and qualitative analysis style.Various national and international publications, foreign army journalism articles, Nepali army publications etc. have been studied on the basis of documents. This study shows that the Nepali Army is active in many forms of journalism. In addition to the promotion of national integrity and unity, Nepali Army journalism has also played a positive role in public relations.}

In this day and age, where we are constantly exposed to advertising messages and information, it is not surprising that advertising also plays a significant role in the political sphere. The impact of advertising on changing voter behaviour in the Slovak Republic is a matter that deserves attention as political campaigns increasingly use advertising techniques and media to achieve their objectives. Advertising in elections is nothing new, but its form and scope have changed significantly with the advent of the digital era. Candidates and political parties are investing heavily in advertising campaigns, which range from traditional media such as television, radio and print to new online platforms and social media. The aim of the paper is to summarize the issue of advertising, as well as to analyse the impact of advertising i on the change in voting behaviour and decision-making of Slovak consumers (voters). The primary information was obtained by actual collection. The sample consisted of 362 respondents. The subjects of the research were consumers living in the region of eastern Slovakia. The obtained primary data were then processed in the statistical program, and Pearson’s chi-squared test and Cramer’s V were used to confirm or reject the established hypotheses. The second hypothesis examined has also been confirmed and shows us that there is a significant relationship between the means of advertising and the gender of respondents. The results of our research can be of benefit to various stakeholders. Political actors and parties will gain valuable information on how to use advertising effectively during campaigns. The media will have a better understanding of the impact of political advertisements and how to improve their services. The public will have a better understanding of the impact of political ads on voter decisions, and the academic community will have new insights to study and research. Overall, these results contribute to the transparency, information and quality of the political process in the Slovak Republic.

The article considers the main aspects of cooperation between the media and law enforcement agencies of Ukraine in the prevention of crime in the information sphere. It has been noted that the current level of cooperation between law enforcement officials and media professionals in the prevention of crime in the information sphere cannot be described as high. The author’s definitions of interaction between law enforcement agencies and the media are presented, which means «a form of communication between the press services of law enforcement agencies and representatives of the media, by means of which they mutually complement each other and create conditions for the successful functioning of both sides». Attention is drawn to the shortcomings of this interaction, namely, the insufficient legal and regulatory framework, in particular with regard to the clear regulation of these relations; non-operational law enforcement agencies in disseminating information about their activities, incompetence of representatives of press services. Directions for improving the interaction of the law enforcement body with the media are proposed, namely: coverage of the activities of law enforcement agencies, in particular the progress of investigation of criminal offences committed in the information sphere; Accreditation of journalists to law enforcement agencies; Joint charitable actions; Joint issues of columns, joint television and radio programs; conducting «straight lines» and «direct ethers»; carrying out «round tables» on to problems of fight against crime in the information sphere, ensuring public and personal security of citizens; Holding meetings of police officers with editorial teams during which various aspects of the activities of law enforcement agencies, practice of application of laws, problems of police activities are considered. Current common problems of cooperation between law enforcement agencies and the media have been identified, such as: insufficient legal and regulatory framework, in particular, in terms of clear regulation of interaction between law enforcement agencies and the media; Organizational gaps in interaction with the media (there is no well-established practice of authorities responding to publications) insufficient access of journalists to the leadership of law enforcement agencies (it is almost impossible to obtain the necessary comment for the media urgently); non-operational law enforcement agencies in disseminating information about their events (comments on topical topics sometimes appear late in the press services). It is proposed to address the problem of inefficient cooperation between the above-mentioned agencies, such as: the conduct of appropriate exercises by representatives of law enforcement agencies, have been partially implemented, but only in the activities of one law enforcement agency – the police. This should be introduced in all law enforcement agencies. Measures have been proposed to improve the interaction of law enforcement agencies with the media, such as the creation and adoption of a legal and regulatory act that would regulate mutually beneficial provisions of the activities of law enforcement agencies and media workers in the prevention of crime, especially those committed in the information sphere; cooperation of law enforcement agencies it has to be carried out with those journalists who are understood in the sphere of law ̈ that minimizes cases of the wrong interpretation of legal terms and the events connected with it and also distortions of the corresponding facts. Recommendations on interaction with the media are presented, such as: openness and transparency of law enforcement agencies in a modern democratic society; The need to involve experts, both international and national; The need to engage society in discussions and influence on certain issues; Involving direct performers in communication with journalists; To increase their professionalism to journalists and the media.

The thesis examines American teen dramas on Australian television in the period 1992 to 2004. It explores the use of the genre by broadcasters and its uptake by teenagers in an environment where American popular culture has frequently been treated with suspicion and where there are perennial arguments about the Americanisation of youth and their vulnerability to cultural imperialism. The thesis argues concerns about Americanisation and cultural imperialism in relation to youth culture, young people and the media are misplaced. American teen dramas are investigated as an example of the ways imported programs are made to cohere with national logics within the Australian mediasphere (Hartley, 1996). Utilising Yuri Lotman's (1990) theory of cultural 'translation' this thesis argues teen drams are evidence of dynamic change within the system of television and that this change does not result in a system dominated by imported product, but rather a system that situates foreign programming amongst domestic frames of reference.

The thesis examines American teen dramas on Australian television in the period 1992 to 2004. It explores the use of the genre by broadcasters and its uptake by teenagers in an environment where American popular culture has frequently been treated with suspicion and where there are perennial arguments about the Americanisation of youth and their vulnerability to cultural imperialism. The thesis argues concerns about Americanisation and cultural imperialism in relation to youth culture, young people and the media are misplaced. American teen dramas are investigated as an example of the ways imported programs are made to cohere with national logics within the Australian mediasphere (Hartley, 1996). Utilising Yuri Lotman's (1990) theory of cultural 'translation' this thesis argues teen drams are evidence of dynamic change within the system of television and that this change does not result in a system dominated by imported product, but rather a system that situates foreign programming amongst domestic frames of reference.

At the same time that reactionary conservative political figures like Donald Trump were elected and disastrous socioeconomic policies like Brexit were voted into law, representations of bleakly comic white fragility spread across television screens. Analyzing a cycle of transatlantic television programs that emerged mostly between 2014 and 2016 targeting affluent, liberal, white audiences, Horrible White People examines the complicity of the white Left, obsessed with its own anxiety and suffering, in the rise and maintenance of the Far Right—particularly in the mobilization, representation, and sustenance of structural white supremacy on television. The authors use a combined methodology of media-industry analysis and feminist cultural studies, especially close textual analysis, to interrogate a cycle of US and British programming, like Broad City, Casual, You’re the Worst, Catastrophe, Fleabag, and Transparent, that features the abjection of middle-class, liberal, young white people. Throughout, they put these “horrible white people” in conversation with similar upmarket comedies from creators and casts of color, like Insecure, Atlanta, Dear White People, and Master of None, to highlight the ways those shows negotiate prestige TV’s dominant aesthetics of whiteness to push back against the centering of white suffering in a time of cultural crisis. The authors argue that multiple, concurrent, interrelated crises—recession, the emergent mainstreaming of feminism(s), and the unmasked visibility of racial inequality and violence—have caused upheaval among liberals. These crises are represented in this cycle as a collection of circumstances inextricable from and intertwined with the reactionary conservatism, antifeminism, and racism of the rising Right.

AbstractThis chapter highlights the historical, current, and emerging trends on the borderless market for ODDE. The rate of growth of the global market for ODDE is unprecedented. Both the public and private sectors are capitalizing on the seemingly limitless opportunities to expand educational offerings and the innovative delivery of ODDE. In the twentieth century, there is evidence of distance education using media formats such as television and delivery of course material through correspondence programs. With the development of the computer and internet, the depth and scope of the ODDE market in the twenty-first century is changing every day. As venture capitalists seek new financially lucrative opportunities and alternative learning formats open doors for those who otherwise may not have had access to learning opportunities, questions and concerns remain. The digital divide (access and inequality), quality assurance, regulation, privacy, and security remain central to areas of concern in the ODDE marketplace. Despite these concerns, across all educational sectors, the forging of partnerships within and across borders is enabling reskilling and upskilling of the labor force and advancing the conservation on how to improve transparency and protect vulnerable populations of current and future learners.

AbstractThis chapter highlights the historical, current, and emerging trends on the borderless market for ODDE. The rate of growth of the global market for ODDE is unprecedented. Both the public and private sectors are capitalizing on the seemingly limitless opportunities to expand educational offerings and the innovative delivery of ODDE. In the twentieth century, there is evidence of distance education using media formats such as television and delivery of course material through correspondence programs. With the development of the computer and internet, the depth and scope of the ODDE market in the twenty-first century is changing every day. As venture capitalists seek new financially lucrative opportunities and alternative learning formats open doors for those who otherwise may not have had access to learning opportunities, questions and concerns remain. The digital divide (access and inequality), quality assurance, regulation, privacy, and security remain central to areas of concern in the ODDE marketplace. Despite these concerns, across all educational sectors, the forging of partnerships within and across borders is enabling reskilling and upskilling of the labor force and advancing the conservation on how to improve transparency and protect vulnerable populations of current and future learners.

Most distance education institutions still use traditional media such radio, television, printed materials to provide and support education. The educational materials are designed according to the students' individual necessities. So, students can maintain their own learning. The most important property of digital media is interactivity. Traditional media provide interactivity with the support of digital media. To provide a transparent learning and teaching activity in cyber space can be accomplish with interactive opportunities to all learners. In this case the most effective environment should have open access to everyone, easy to follow, unlimited information access. These specialties can be seen in web-based environments. In these days we can eliminate the noninteractive structure of traditional media with the support of web based environments. With the development of Web 2.0 technology, social media applications have gained great popularity in recent years. This chapter will explain, the contribution of Web 2.0 on television in distance education systems.

Most distance education institutions still use traditional media such radio, television, printed materials to provide and support education. The educational materials are designed according to the students' individual necessities. So, students can maintain their own learning. The most important property of digital media is interactivity. Traditional media provide interactivity with the support of digital media. To provide a transparent learning and teaching activity in cyber space can be accomplish with interactive opportunities to all learners. In this case the most effective environment should have open access to everyone, easy to follow, unlimited information access. These specialties can be seen in web-based environments. In these days we can eliminate the noninteractive structure of traditional media with the support of web based environments. With the development of Web 2.0 technology, social media applications have gained great popularity in recent years. This chapter will explain, the contribution of Web 2.0 on television in distance education systems.

The projects sponsored by the Gülen-inspired movement are numerous, international and costly in terms of human and financial capital. Critics of the movement often question the fi- nancing of these initiatives – with some convinced of collusion with Middle Eastern govern- ments, others (within Turkey) suspicious that Western governments are financially backing the projects. Aware of these criticisms, in a recent comment to a group of visiting follow- ers, Fethullah Gülen indicated greater financial transparency must become a priority for the movement. This paper addresses the financing of Gülen-inspired projects, based on interviews with busi- ness leaders in Turkey, as well as local businessmen throughout Turkey who constitute the financial infrastructure of the movement. In addition, the paper presents data from one local Gülen movement organisation in Houston, Texas, that collects thousands of dollars annually from local members, mostly students on small educational stipends. The paper is framed sociologically in terms of organisational theories of commitment. Beginning with Kanter (1972;1977) and including subsequent major figures in the organi- sational field (e.g. Reichers 1985; Meyer and Allen 1991; Hall 2002; Scott 2003), scholars have demonstrated a positive correlation between sacrifices asked of members and degree of commitment to the goals of the organisation. Using this perspective, the paper argues that the financial contributions made by members in the Gülen movement both demonstrate commit- ment to the ideals espoused by Fethullah Gülen and generate commitment to the movement. The paper presents empirical evidence, based on interviews with financial supporters both in Turkey and the U.S., of how financial resources are generated, the initiatives being supported and the impact of financial giving on the commitment of supporters. The Gülen movement is a civil society movement that arose in the late 1960s in Turkey, initially composed of a loose network of individuals who were inspired by M. Fethullah Gülen. As a state-approved mosque preacher, Gülen delivered sermons in cities throughout Turkey, beginning with a handful of listeners and gradually drawing tens of thousands of people. His sermons focused not only on religious texts but included a broad array of such topics as religion and science, social justice, human rights, moral values and the importance of education. Gülen repeatedly stressed the importance of educating the youth of society by establishing first-rate schools that expose students to the latest scientific knowledge in an at- mosphere of moral values. The projects sponsored by Gülen-inspired followers today number in the thousands, span international borders and are costly in terms of human and financial capital (Woodhall 2005). These initiatives include over 2000 schools and seven universities in more than ninety countries in five continents (Yavuz and Esposito 2003; Baskan 2004; Tekalan 2005), two modern hospitals, the Zaman newspaper (now in both a Turkish and English edition), a television channel (Samanyolu), a radio channel (Burc FM), CHA (a ma- jor Turkish news agency), Aksiyon (a leading weekly news magazine), national and interna- tional Gülen conferences, Ramadan interfaith dinners, interfaith dialog trips to Turkey from countries around the globe and the many programs sponsored by the Journalists and Writers Foundation. In addition, the Isik insurance company and Bank Asya, an Islamic bank, are af- filiated with the Gülen community. In 1993 the community also established the Business Life Cooperation Association (ISHAD) which has 470 members (Baskan 2004). Questions regarding the financing of these numerous and expensive projects are periodically raised by both critics of the Gülen Movement and newcomers to the movement who are invited to Gülen related events. Because of the large amounts of money involved in these projects, on occasion people have raised the possibility of a collusion between the movement and various governments, especially Saudi Arabia and/or Iran, and including the Turkish government. There has even been suspicion that the American CIA may be a financial partner behind the projects (Kalyoncu, forthcoming). Aware of these criticisms, in a recent comment to a group of visiting followers, Fethullah Gülen indicated that a priority must be proactive financial transparency. In this paper, we address directly the issue of the financing of Gülen inspired projects based on the little that is available in published sources, including an interview with Gülen himself, and supplementing that information with interviews with business leaders in Turkey who constitute the infrastructure of the movement. In addition, we present data from one local Gülen organization in Houston, Texas, that regularly collects over half a million dollars from local members, mostly students on small educational stipends. Our analysis is framed socio- logically in terms of organizational theories of commitment. We argue that the contributions made by rank and file movement members, as well as by wealthier sponsors, both demon- strate commitment to the ideals of the movement and simultaneously generate commitment to the movement. An analysis of Gülen-inspired financial contributions must include the ideological and reli- gious motivations inherent in the concepts of hizmet, himmet, sohbet, istisare, and mutevelli. For an understanding of these concepts, we are most indebted to the superb work of Mehmet Kalyoncu whose study of the Gülen movement in Mardin, a city in southeastern Turkey, was very helpful both in understanding these ideas and in demonstrating their applicability to the financing of local projects in the city.