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Hu Liang, 胡亮, 胡学娟 Hu Xuejuan, 黄圳鸿 Huang Zhenhong, 徐露 Xu Lu y 连丽津 Lian Lijin. "基于离散Walsh-Hadamard变换和引导滤波的多聚焦图像融合". Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 58, n.º 22 (2021): 2210003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202158.2210003.
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Sasikala, D. y R. Neelaveni. "Correlation Coefficient Measure of Mono and Multimodal Brain Image Registration using Fast Walsh Hadamard Transform". International Journal of Engineering and Technology 3, n.º 2 (2011): 154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2011.v3.215.
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Birkeland, Peter. "Supermarkets Transformed: Understanding Organizational and Technological Innovations.John P. Walsh". American Journal of Sociology 100, n.º 3 (noviembre de 1994): 845–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/230598.
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Berti, E., F. Chiaraluce, N. E. Evans y J. J. McKee. "Reduction of Walsh-transformed electrocardiograms by double logarithmic coding". IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 47, n.º 11 (2000): 1543–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.880108.
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Jeyasurya, B. y M. Rahman. "Application of Walsh Functions for Microprocessor-Based Transformer Protection". IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC-27, n.º 4 (noviembre de 1985): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/temc.1985.304293.
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Magomed-Kasumov, Magomedrasul y Salikh Magomedov. "Быстрое преобразование Фурье по системе функций, ортогональных по Соболеву и порожденных системой Уолша". Daghestan Electronic Mathematical Reports, n.º 15 (2021): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/demr.15.5.
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Mustafa, Ziyad Tariq, Alaa Al-Hammami y Jasim Al-Samarai. "Evaluation of Wavelet Transform Audio Hiding". Iraqi Journal for Computers and Informatics 40, n.º 1 (31 de diciembre de 2002): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25195/ijci.v40i1.224.
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Audio hiding is method for embedding information into an audio signal. It seeks to do so in a robust Fashion, while not perceivably degrading the host signal (coves audio). Hiding data in audio signals presents & varicty of challenges: due in part to the wider dynamic and differential range of the Human Auditory System (HAS) as compared to other senses. Transform are usually used for robust audio hiding (audio watcrmarking). But, the audio hiding process is affected by the type of transform used. Therefore, this paper presents an evaluation of wavelet transform hiding in comprison with sclccted types of transforms (Walsh transform and cosine transform) hiding. In order to generate the audio stegecover, the research concludce (Wavelet, Walsh, or Cosine) transform of the audio cover, replacing some transformed cover cocfficients with secret audio message coefficients, and inverse (Wavelet, Walsit, or Carsine Irannom for audio cover with replaced coefficients. While, the extracting method concludes (Wavelel, Walsh, or Cosine runsform of the stego ove18 and extracting the secrecy extracted Audio message.
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WU, Wei. "Characteristics of Dual-cylinder Hydraulic Transformer with Rotatable Wash Plate". Journal of Mechanical Engineering 49, n.º 22 (2013): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2013.22.144.
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Shuo-Yen Tseng. "Synthesis of a 4 $\times$ 4 Walsh–Hadamard Transformer Using Long-Period Waveguide Grating Arrays". IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 21, n.º 14 (julio de 2009): 972–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2009.2021154.
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MAGAÑA, SONIA, SARAH M. SCHLEMMER, GORDON R. DAVIDSON, ELLIOT T. RYSER y DANIEL V. LIM. "Laboratory and Pilot-Scale Dead-End Ultrafiltration Concentration of Sanitizer-Free and Chlorinated Lettuce Wash Water for Improved Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7". Journal of Food Protection 77, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2014): 1260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-421.
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An automated dead-end (single pass, no recirculation) ultrafiltration device, the Portable Multi-use Automated Concentration System (PMACS), was evaluated as a means to concentrate Escherichia coli O157:H7 from 40 liters of simulated commercial lettuce wash water. The assessment included generating, sieving, and concentrating sanitizer-free lettuce wash water, either uninoculated or inoculated with green fluorescent protein–transformed E. coli O157:H7 at a high (1.00 log CFU/ml) or low (−1.00 log CFU/ml) concentration. Cells collected within the filters were recovered in approximately 400 ml of buffer to create lettuce wash retentates. The extent of concentration was determined by viable plate counts using a medium selective for the transformed E. coli O157:H7. The samples were qualitatively analyzed for E. coli O157:H7 according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual enrichment method and with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. This concentration method was then evaluated in a pilot-scale production line at Michigan State University using chlorinated (100, 30, and 10 ppm of available chlorine) lettuce wash water. The total PMACS processing times were 82 ±6 and 65 ±5 min for sanitizer-free and chlorinated washes, respectively. Overall, E. coli O157:H7 populations were approximately 2 log higher in retentates than in unconcentrated lettuce wash samples. The higher E. coli O157:H7 levels in the retentates enabled cultural and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay detection in some samples when the corresponding lettuce wash samples were negative. When combined with standard and rapid detection methods, the PMACS concentration method may provide a means to enhance pathogen monitoring of produce wash water.
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Eisner, E. A. y E. H. Beers. "First-Generation Walh Timing Experiment, 1987". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1989): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.9a.
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Abstract This test was conducted in a 7-yr-old orchard with under-tree irrigation. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 4 single-tree replicates/treatment. Materials were applied to the point of drip with a handgun sprayer operated at 400-500 psi. Rates were based on a dilute application of 400 gal/acre. The first spray was timed to coincide with petal fall, about 10 d after the first nymphs had hatched. The remaining treatments were applied at 1-wk intervals. WALH densities were determined by counting nymphs on 20 leaves/tree showing visible injury on the upper surface. Counts were made before treatment and at 3, 7, and 14 DAT. All treatments were evaluated on 5 Jun when half of the nymphs had transformed into adults. Cumulative leafhopper-days (CLDs) were calculated by averaging 2 successive nymph counts, multiplying by the number of intervening days, and adding these over the season.
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Kountchev, Roumen K., Rumen P. Mironov y Roumiana A. Kountcheva. "Hierarchical Cubical Tensor Decomposition through Low Complexity Orthogonal Transforms". Symmetry 12, n.º 5 (25 de mayo de 2020): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12050864.
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In this work, new approaches are proposed for the 3D decomposition of a cubical tensor of size N × N × N for N = 2n through hierarchical deterministic orthogonal transforms with low computational complexity, whose kernels are based on the Walsh-Hadamard Transform (WHT) and the Complex Hadamard Transform (CHT). On the basis of the symmetrical properties of the real and complex Walsh-Hadamard matrices are developed fast computational algorithms whose computational complexity is compared with that of the famous deterministic transforms: the 3D Fast Fourier Transform, the 3D Discrete Wavelet Transform and the statistical Hierarchical Tucker decomposition. The comparison results show the lower computational complexity of the offered algorithms. Additionally, they ensure the high energy concentration of the original tensor into a small number of coefficients of the so calculated transformed spectrum tensor. The main advantage of the proposed algorithms is the reduction of the needed calculations due to the low number of hierarchical levels compared to the significant number of iterations needed to achieve the required decomposition accuracy based on the statistical methods. The choice of the 3D hierarchical decomposition is defined by the requirements and limitations related to the corresponding application area.
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Allison, Lincoln. "John P. Walsh,Supermarkets Transformed: Understanding Organizational and Technological Innovations, Rutgers University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-8135-1969-1". Sociological Focus 27, n.º 2 (mayo de 1994): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00380237.1994.10571019.
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Dai, Jing y Zhi Hua Li. "Analysis of the Energy Efficiency Grades Detection for Power Transformers". Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (septiembre de 2011): 1003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1003.
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There is a lot of power loss in the power transmission, and the loss comes from power transformers contribute very much to this. So the implement of energy efficiency grade for power transformers has great significance to the development of power transformer, which can wash out the high energy-consuming transformer, decrease the power loss, and increase the efficiency of power transmission. The energy consumption of transformer consists of no load loss and load loss. In this test, I analyze the experiments for no load loss and load loss with the “Minimum allowable values of energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for power transformers”, ascertaining the transformer’s efficiency grade.
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Yadav, Nalini y Sudeep D. Thepade. "Comprehensive Performance Comparison of Fourier, Walsh, Haar, Sine and Cosine Transforms for Video Retrieval with Partial Coefficients of Transformed Video". International Journal of Computer Applications 120, n.º 19 (18 de junio de 2015): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/21339-4345.
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Dr H. B. Kekre, Dr Sudeep D. Thepade y Akshay Maloo. "Image Retrieval using Energy Compaction in Transformed Colour Mean Vectors with Cosine, Sine, Walsh, Haar, Kekre, Slant & Hartley Transforms". International Journal of Intelligent Information Processing 2, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/ijiip.vol2.issue4.1.
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Correa, Joaquín. "Formas de uma guerra diluída". Boletim de Pesquisa NELIC 17, n.º 27 (6 de septiembre de 2017): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-784x.2017v17n27p108.
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A revista Arturo colocou em cena, em 1944, o concretismo não representativo nas vanguardas do Prata se enfrentando ao primeiro governo peronista, força representativa por excelência. Daí em diante o debate da representação política com a não representação artística teve algumas emergências significativas. No presente texto se indaga duas possíveis emergências dessa constelação: a revista El Cielo (analisando brevemente o posterior percurso dos seus editores, César Aira e Arturo Carrera) e o trabalho editorial e por vezes clandestino de Rodolfo Walsh no Semanário de la CGT de los argentinos, em Cadena Informativa e no jornal Noticias, de Montoneros. As insurgências populares de 1969, o Cordobazo sobre tudo, transformam de tal modo esses dois percursos que o debate inaugurado em 1944 por Arturo adquire outras derivas.
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Tian, Yichuan y Mario E. Magaña. "Pilot-Aided Channel Estimation for Massive MIMO Systems in TDD-mode Using Walsh-Hadamard Transformed Subsampled Data at the Base Station". Wireless Personal Communications 119, n.º 1 (29 de marzo de 2021): 423–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08218-4.
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Abdelrahman, El‐Sayed M. y Sharafeldin M. Sharafeldin. "A least‐squares minimization approach to shape determination from gravity data". GEOPHYSICS 60, n.º 2 (marzo de 1995): 589–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443797.
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The gravity anomaly expression produced by most geologic structures can be represented by a continuous function of both shape (shape‐factor) and depth‐related variables with an amplitude coefficient related to mass (Abdelrahman and El‐Araby, 1993). Few methods have been developed to determine the shape of the buried geologic structure from residual gravity anomaly profiles. These methods include a Walsh transform approach (Shaw and Agarwal, 1990) and the employment of a correlation factor between successive least‐squares residuals (Abdelrahman and El‐Araby 1993). In the present note, a least‐squares minimization approach to shape‐factor determination from a residual gravity anomaly profile is presented. The problem of the shape‐factor determination is transformed into the problem of finding a solution of a nonlinear equation of the form f(q) = 0.
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Miller, K. M., M. T. Suidan, G. A. Sorial, A. P. Khodadoust, C. M. Acheson y R. C. Brenner. "Anaerobic treatment of soil wash fluids from a wood preserving site". Water Science and Technology 38, n.º 7 (1 de octubre de 1998): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0278.
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An integrated system has been developed to remediate soils contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This system involves the coupling of two treatment technologies, soil solvent washing and anaerobic biotreatment of the extract. Specifically, this study evaluated the effectiveness of the granular activated carbon (GAC) fluidized-bed reactor to treat a synthetic waste stream of PCP and four PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthene, pyrene, and benzo(b)fluoranthene) under anaerobic conditions. This waste stream was intended to simulate the wash fluids from a soil washing process treating soils from a wood preserving site. The reactor achieved a removal efficiency of greater than 99.8% for PCP with conversion to its dechlorination intermediates ranging from 47% to 77%. Effluent, carbon extraction, and isotherm data also indicate that naphthalene and acenaphthene were removed from the liquid phase with efficiencies of 86% and 93%, respectively. Effluent levels of pyrene and benzo(b)fluoranthene were extremely low due to the adsorptive capacity of GAC for these compounds. Experimental evidence does not suggest that these compounds were chemically transformed within the reactor.
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Wang, Yu, Yang Liao, Li Xin Mo y Ya Ling Li. "Preparation of the Lithographic Printing Ink Cleaning Solution in Plateaus". Advanced Materials Research 900 (febrero de 2014): 348–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.900.348.
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A method to make a kind of printing ink cleaning solution is studied in plateaus. At present, any applicable lithographic printing ink cleaner solution can wash the ink in plains, but not applicable in plateaus which are under low pressures. A kind of lithographic printing cleaning solution is made in this paper, which can solve the problem of volatilizing fast and being not clear. The solution we made have a good cleaning effects, which will not make ink rollers transformed, and not have any injury to PS plate. It will satisfy the condition under the climate of plateaus.
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Lehmkuhl, Frank, Philipp Schulte, Wolfgang Römer y Stephan Pötter. "The loess landscapes of the Lower Rhine Embayment as (geo-)archeological archives – insights and challenges from a geomorphological and sedimentological perspective". E&G Quaternary Science Journal 72, n.º 2 (5 de septiembre de 2023): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-72-203-2023.
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Abstract. Archeological and geoscientific research in loess landscapes remains challenging due to erosional discordances and the relocation of sediments by fluvial erosion and slope wash. The Lower Rhine Embayment (LRE) can serve as a blueprint for archeological and paleoenvironmental research in loess landscapes of Central Europe. The accumulation of wind-blown dust; paleosols developed therein; and the archeological artifacts preserved in loess, colluvial or alluvial sediments are evidence of the Pleistocene and Holocene dynamics of the landscape. Geomorphologic processes in different and specific relief positions must be considered different processes that transform and relocate sediments and archeological remains. Besides aeolian accumulation, erosion and deflation have also transformed the landscape of the LRE. These include fluvial slope wash, gully formation, colluviation, and periglacial processes such as solifluction, cryoturbation and the formation of ice wedge pseudomorphs. In addition, other post-depositional processes, including weathering and soil formation, modify the sedimentary record. In light of the landscape evolution from more hilly landscapes to the flat, agriculturally used terrain we see today, we highlight the relevance and importance of different geomorphological and soil processes including their impacts and challenges for archeological and geoscientific studies.
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Cox, Stephanie C., Clare Hocking y Deborah Payne. "Showers: from a violent treatment to an agent of cleansing". History of Psychiatry 30, n.º 1 (24 de septiembre de 2018): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x18801766.
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In the early nineteenth century, physicians designed the first manufactured showers for the purpose of curing the insane. Sustained falls of cold water were prescribed to cool hot, inflamed brains, and to instil fear to tame impetuous wills. By the middle of the century showers had appeared in both asylums and prisons, but shower-related deaths led to their decline. Rather than being abandoned, however, the shower was transformed by the use of warm water to economically wash the skins of prison and asylum populations. In stark contrast to an involuntary, deliberately unpleasant treatment, by the end of the century the shower was a desirable product for the improvement of personal hygiene and population health.
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Shaheen, Imad, Abdelhalim Zekry, Fatma Newagy y Reem Ibrahim. "PAPR reduction for FBMC/OQAM using hybrid scheme of different Precoding transform and mu-law companding". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 6, n.º 4 (14 de noviembre de 2017): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v6i4.8326.
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The filter banks multicarrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC/OQAM) is developing multicarrier modulation technique used in the next wireless communication system (5G). FBMC/OQAM supports high data rate and high band width efficiency. However, one of the major drawbacks of FBMC system is high peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal, which causes serious degradation in performance of the system. Therefore, it is required to use a proper PAPR scheme at the transmitter to reduce the PAPR. In this paper, a hybrid scheme is investigated with the combination of preceding transform technique and Mu Law Companding technique to reduce PAPR in FBMC systems. Moreover, four preceding techniques are examined to find the best Precoding technique which can be used with Mu law commanding. We assessed the discrete Hartley transform (DHT). The discrete cosine transformed (DCT), the Discrete Sine Transform (DST), and the Walsh Hadamard transforms (WHT) which are applied separately with Mu Companding. The numerical results verify that the FBMC systems with all Precoding technique combined with Mu law commanding can improve PAPR performance of the signals greatly with the best results achieved when the combination scheme consists of the DST Precoding and Mu law commanding for both PAPR and BER performance.
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Swift, Fred C. y Elizabeth J. Herman. "Apple, All Season Insecticide Test, 1987". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1988): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.32.
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Abstract The test was carried out in a 17-yr-old block of'Red Delicious' and 'Stayman' apples. Treatments were applied with an FMC PT50 airblast sprayer operated at 300 psi and 1.5 mph to deliver 225 gal/acre. Treatment dates were 22 Apr, pink (P); 12 May, petal fall (PF); 29 May, first cover (IC); 18 Jun, second cover (2C); 8 Jul, third cover (3C); and 14 Aug, fourth cover (4C). The single-tree plots, replicated 4 times (3 'Stayman,' 1 'Red Delicious'), were arranged in a randomized complete block design. For disease control the entire orchard was sprayed with Polyram as needed. Data were transformed to × + 1 or arcsine × prior to analysis of variance and separation of means by Duncan's new multiple range test. In the tables, means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at a = 0.05, DMRT. Sampling methods were as follows: ERM, motile stages per leaf as determined from a pooled sample of 15 leaves per tree; S. punctum, average S. punctum/3-min count/tree; AA, average AA/10 most infested terminals/tree; RAA, average RAA colonies per tree; WALH, average WALH-damaged leaves/100 leaves/tree; and STLM, average STLM mines/3-min count/ tree. All other pest damage is expressed as the number of damaged fruit/100 fruit/tree.
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Wynholds, Paul F. y Thomas F. Leigh. "Control of Spider Mites on Cotton, 1985". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1986): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.307.
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Abstract Acaricides were applied to Acala SJC-1 cotton at two locations, near Shafter, CA, and Five Points, CA, planted 5 Apr, and 3 Apr, respectively. Individual plots were 8 rows (40-inch) wide and 150 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and were applied 20 Jun, at Shafter and 11 Jul at Five Points. Comite, Apollo and DPX Y5893 treatments were reapplied at Shafter on 8 Jul. Applications were made by high clearance sprayer equipped with drop booms using 5 hollow cone nozzles per row delivering 25 gal/acre at 40 psi. Mainstem leaves (25 per plot, eighth unfolded leaf below mainstem terminal) were sampled on 6 posttreatment dates and processed through a sodium hypochlorite wash system. Counts were made of all active stages of the tetranychid complex and were transformed (\/x + 0.5) for analysis.
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Datti, Lakshmi Chaitanya y Mudiarasan Kuppusamy. "A Conceptual Argument on the Digital Resilience Capability within the Developing and Developed Countries". International Journal of Advanced Business Studies 1, n.º 1 (23 de diciembre de 2022): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.59857/llqw1552.
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Businesses have been dynamically and quickly changing for centuries, largely due to technological improvements. Around the world, intelligent, digital, and integrated representations of technology are proliferating (Panetta, 2018). The Internet of Things (IoT), Virtual human-machine interfaces, and artificial intelligence are examples of cutting-edge business technologies that have substantial growth potential (Brynjolfsson, Hui, and Liu, 2019; Briggs and Buchholz, 2019). However, if a firm is not digitally structured and transformed for this purpose, it will be difficult for technology-driven growth to have the most impact on enterprises. To increase productivity and efficiency, digital transformation requires integrating information, infrastructure, processes, and people with digital aspects and procedures. An excellent example of digital transformation may be seen in the situations of LEGO and Starbucks. After reorganizing and going digital, LEGO climbed the value chain due to this new revenue stream from movies, mobile games, and mobile applications. Starbucks put a premium on customers’ loyalty to create a digitalized customer experience. By offering a simple and convenient purchasing experience, the mobile order and pay app became their main digital transformation objective (Anthony et al, 2020). In essence, digital transformation enabled new economic value exchange and competitive advantage for organizations like Starbucks and LEGO (Walsh, 2017). These and many other digital transformation stories transpire macro or national-level spillovers, with the government of the day being the driving force.
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Meor, Yusoff M. S., E. M. Mahdi, Muslimin Masliana y Paulus Wilfred. "Role of Alkaline Fusion in the Growth of Sodium Titanite Nanostructures from Rutile Mineral". Journal of Nano Research 21 (diciembre de 2012): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.21.77.
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The paper presents a study on the use of alkaline fusion to produce nanostructured sodium titanate from rutile mineral. The spherical structure of the micron-sized starting material changed and transformed to a two-dimensional nanostructure after the alkaline fusion process. After 7 hours dissolution with 30% NaOH, the growth of sodium titanate nanorod is observed, and after undergoing prolonged dissolution, nanowires, with an average diameter of 20-40 nm and a length of 1-4 µm are formed. The study also showed that using 0.1M HCl to wash the titanate complex results in a sodium titanate that is free from NaOH residue, although at higher molarities, the nanostructure will collapse, and spherical grains formed. The important role of alkaline fusion in this hydrothermal process is that it will reduce dissolution time, while NaOH concentration is required for the growth of nanostructured sodium titanate.
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Wynholds, Paul F., Thomas F. Leigh y Bai Li Xin. "Control of Spider Mites and L. Hesperus on Cotton, 1986". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1988): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.264.
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Abstract Pesticides were applied to 'Acala SJ-2' cotton near Shafter and Five Points, Calif., planted 15 Apr and 17 Apr, respectively. Individual plots were 16 and 24 rows wide, respectively (1.02 m/row), and 46 m long. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and were applied by high-clearance ground sprayer equipped with drop booms using 3 or 5 hollow-cone nozzles/row, depending on plant size, delivering 140 or 234 liters/ha at 2.8 kg/cm2. Mainstem leaves (25/plot, 8th unfolded leaf below mainstem terminal) were sampled on 5 or 6 posttreatment dates and processed through a sodium hypochlorite wash system. Counts were made of all active stages of the Tetranychid complex. L. hesperus were sampled by 50 net sweeps/plot (19.4 m2) on 8 sample dates/location. All arthropod counts were transformed (x + 0.5) for analysis of variance; raw means are reported here.
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Wegner, H., P. W. Reeh, S. Brehm, H. W. Kreysel y K. H. Steen. "Diltiazem blocks the PH-induced excitation of rat nociceptors together with their mechanical and electrical excitability in vitro". Journal of Neurophysiology 75, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1996): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.75.1.1.
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1. The effect of the calcium channel antagonist diltiazem on pH-induced sustained nociceptor excitation was investigated in a rat skin-saphenous nerve preparation, in vitro, where receptive fields of identified and isolated single fibers were superfused at the corium side with controlled solutions to assess their chemosensitivity. 2. Unmyelinated mechano-heat sensitive ("polymodal") C fiber terminals (n = 78) were superfused with a CO2-saturated synthetic interstitial fluid (CO2-SIF, pH 6.1). Fibers responding to this acid pH condition (n = 60; 77%) were further stimulated for > or = 30 min and additionally treated with diltiazem in various concentrations (10(-6)-10(-3) M) during the middle 10-min period. Usually only one concentration of diltiazem was applied per fiber, although in some cases diltiazem was applied repeatedly and in increasing concentrations. 3. Diltiazem dose-dependently and reversibly reduced the pH-induced sustained nociceptor discharge to a significant degree or completely abolished it. With higher concentrations, both the relative number of units affected and the average amount of suppression were enhanced. The half-maximal blocking concentration (IC50) was estimated to 1.1.10(-4) M diltiazem, the half-maximal concentration for gradual suppression of the pH response was 2.10(-5) M diltiazem. 4. Also, the delay of onset of the suppressive effect decreased with higher diltiazem concentrations. After diltiazem, a partial recovery of the pH-induced discharge was achieved within 10 min depending on the degree of suppression. 5. Before, after, and sometimes during the superfusion, the mechanical (von Frey) thresholds were determined and found to be significantly increased after partial wash out of diltiazem (10(-4) and 10(-3) M; P < 0.006 and P < 0.008, respectively). After 10(-3) M diltiazem superfusion (and 10 min of wash-out), the responsiveness to mechanical stimulation of the majority of the fibers was still totally lost. 6. Heat thresholds were still found to be significantly increased after treatment with diltiazem at 10(-3) and 10(-4) M concentrations (and 10 min of wash out), but appeared unchanged after wash out of lower concentrations. 7. In five mechano-heat-sensitive C fibers, electrical stimulation via a microelectrode placed in the receptive field was used to demonstrate a diltiazem-dose-dependent (10(-5), 10(-4), 10(-3) M) progressive retardation of the nerve conduction velocity and an increase of the electrical threshold. Superfusion for 6 min of diltiazem 10(-5) M was sufficient to block axonal conduction as well as mechanosensitivity, which both recovered synchronously during wash out. 8. It can be concluded from the results that the suppressive effect of diltiazem on pH-induced nociceptor excitation can be explained by a use-dependent axonal block, comparable with the action of local anesthetics and affecting all modalities of sensory responsiveness. 9. The findings provide no indication that a transformed calcium channel specifically sensitive to diltiazem is involved in pH-induced sustained nociceptor excitation.
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Hamilton, George C., Elizabeth Herman y Fred C. Swift. "Apple, Petal-Fall vs Pink Test, 1985". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1986): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.25.
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Abstract A 15-year-old orchard located at the Rutgers Fruit Research & Development Center, Cream Ridge, NJ was used in this test. Sprays were applied to 3 single-tree replicates of ‘Red Delicious’ arranged in a randomized complete block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff (ca 5 gal/tree; 300 GPA) using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a hand-gun and operated at 200 psi. Spray dates were 11 Apr (P) and 30 Apr (PF). For disease control the entire orchard was sprayed with Captan and Polyram as needed. European red mite estimates were made by randomly picking 25 leaves per replicate, brushing the mites onto glass plates and counting mobile mites. Sampling methods for insects listed in the table are as follows: EASF = no. of EASF damaged fruit/3 minute count; AA = avg no. of AA/terminal/tree (20 terminals counted); RAA = no. of RAA colonies/tree; STLM = no. of STLM mines/3 minute count; WALHa = no. of WALH nymphs and adults/3 minute count; WALHb = no. of WALH damaged leaves/3 minute count; Stethorus = no. of S. punctum larvae, pupae and adults/3 minute count; Russet = % russet/fruit (100 fruit evaluated). Mite-days were calculated as follows: MD = MD1 + [(Ml + M2)/2 × Y], where MD1 = mite days already accumulated, Ml = avg ERM/leaf on a given counting date, M2 = avg ERM/leaf on the next counting date after Ml and Y = number of days between Ml and M2. Data were transformed to × + 1, or arcsin (x) prior to analysis of variance and comparison of means. In tables, numbers followed by the same letter are not significantly different (alpha = 0.05, DMRT).
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Derevianko, Ya A., Yu I. Gorbenko y О. О. Kuznetsov. "Factorial number system for nonlinear substitutions generation". Radiotekhnika, n.º 209 (24 de junio de 2022): 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2022.2.209.04.
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Modern cryptographic applications use cryptographic algorithms with a symmetric key. They provide high conversion rates and resistance to crypto-graphic attacks. To complicate the plaintext – cipher-text ratio, symmetric ciphers usually use nonlinear substitutions (S-boxes). S-boxes cryptographic metrics play a crucial role in ensuring resilience to most known attacks (differential, linear, algebraic, and other cryptanalysis methods). However, generating efficient s-boxes is a challenge. Even for small input/output sizes, there are an extremely large number of possible solutions. Usually, the substitution is represented as a set of Boolean functions. This allows you to apply discrete transformations, for example, Walsh-Hadamard, to evaluate cryptographic indicators. However, methods for generating s-boxes by selecting suitable Boolean functions are extremely complex. Therefore, it is necessary to study new mathematical methods for representing nonlinear substitutions, studying their cryptographic properties, and developing generation algorithms. In this paper, we propose applying factorial number systems to represent nonlinear substitutions. Each substitution can be represented in a unique way through a set of inversions, which, in turn, can be transformed into a factorial number. That is, we can naturally arrange all substitutions by numbering them in the factorial number system. We give examples of such numbering and investigate the cryptographic characteristics of S-boxes with their initial numbers. In particular, we show how the variable functions used in heuristic algorithms for generating non-linear substitutions change. The results obtained can be used to simplify heuristic methods in order to speed up the generation of non-linear substitutions.
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Wiharja, Andry Fernandus y Harini Fajar Ningrum. "Analisis Prediksi Penjualan Produk PT. Joenoes Ikamulya Menggunakan 4 Metode Peramalan Time Series". Jurnal Bisnisman : Riset Bisnis dan Manajemen 2, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2020): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/bisnisman.v2i1.23.
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The need of information is important in the strict of business competition. The quality and result of data information which have been processed affects the strategy and the succeeded in the future. Joenoes Ikamulya is a company concerns in selling product and it use the selling data to be transformed into useful information for the company itself. By counting the forecasting with several forecasting time series method and the error in each method, it is expected that the company could have information and the best result in the forecasting. The results from prediction system were made by 4 forecasting time series method, they are Naïve Approach Method, Single Moving Average Method (with n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), Weighted Moving Average Method, Exponential Smoothing Method (with α = 0.1, 0.5, 0.9), and Trend Projection Method. The result from forecasting chosen from Weight Moving Average method is used as selling product prediction D Boday Wash and Evany, however, the result from Trend Projection method is used as selling profuct prediction for Aganol, Ligent, dan Porstex.
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Adjei, Mark Owusu, Huan Zhao, Xiaoguang Tao, Li Yang, Shuyue Deng, Xiyan Li, Xinjing Mao et al. "Using A Protoplast Transformation System to Enable Functional Studies in Mangifera indica L." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n.º 15 (26 de julio de 2023): 11984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241511984.
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Mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) are an important kind of perennial fruit tree, but their biochemical testing method and transformation technology were insufficient and had not been rigorously explored. The protoplast technology is an excellent method for creating a rapid and effective tool for transient expression and transformation assays, particularly in plants that lack an Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation system. This study optimized the conditions of the protoplast isolation and transformation system, which can provide a lot of help in the gene expression regulation study of mango. The most beneficial protoplast isolation conditions were 150 mg/mL of cellulase R-10 and 180 mg/mL of macerozyme R-10 in the digestion solution at pH 5.6 and 12 h of digestion time. The 0.16 M and 0.08 M mannitol in wash solution (WI) and suspension for counting (MMG), respectively, were optimal for the protoplast isolation yield. The isolated leaf protoplasts (~5.4 × 105 cells/10 mL) were transfected for 30 min mediated by 40% calcium-chloride-based polyethylene glycol (PEG)-4000-CaCl2, from which 84.38% of the protoplasts were transformed. About 0.08 M and 0.12 M of mannitol concentration in MMG and transfection solutions, respectively, were optimal for protoplast viability. Under the florescence signal, GFP was seen in the transformed protoplasts. This showed that the target gene was successfully induced into the protoplast and that it can be transcribed and translated. Experimental results in this paper show that our high-efficiency protoplast isolation and PEG-mediated transformation protocols can provide excellent new methods for creating a rapid and effective tool for the molecular mechanism study of mangoes.
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Zhang, Xuri, Hongyuan Shi, Zhiyi Liu, Huaqing Li, Hao Xing y Liyang Wang. "The response of Chudao’s beach to typhoon “Lekima” (No. 1909)". Open Geosciences 14, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 813–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0394.
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Abstract The response of beaches to typhoons has always been a hot topic at home and abroad. The study of beach changes during typhoons is helpful to deepen the understanding of beach evolution and is important for the coastal ecological environment. Based on the observation results of ten profiles and the sediment samples in Chudao before and after the typhoon Lekima, this article explored the response characteristics of the beach to the typhoon. The results showed that the study area was located on the right side of the typhoon’s forward path, and the double superposition of onshore waves and storm surge resulted in erosion along the beach. In order to alleviate the energy brought by storm waves, the beach was transformed into a more dissipated state. The mean particle size of the beach sediments was coarse on the whole, with poor sorting ability, and that in the wash zone was particularly obvious. The results showed that different profiles responded to Lekima in different ways: while the profiles of N01–N05 in the southwest changed little, those of N06–N10 in the northeast changed from the type of beach shoulder to the type of sandbank as a result of morphological differences in different profiles.
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Oroian, Monica, Diana Ioana Pop, Ana-Maria Gheldiu, Sandeep Bhardwaj, Adriana Marcovici, Arshad Khuroo y Laurian Vlase. "The relative bioavailability of two formulations containing 10 mg Dapagliflozin assessed under fasting conditions in a randomized crossover study in healthy Caucasian subjects". Acta Marisiensis - Seria Medica 66, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2020): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amma-2020-0006.
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AbstractObjective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relative bioavailability of two formulations containing 10 mg dapagliflozin in healthy Caucasian subjects under fasting conditions.Materials and Methods: Forty-eight healthy Caucasian subjects were enrolled in a single-dose, crossover, balanced, open label, randomized clinical trial, with two treatment, two periods and two sequences. The wash-out period was of 7 days and thirty-eight subjects completed both study periods. Each subject received a single dose of 10 mg dapagliflozin as the reference product Farxiga® (AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, USA) and the test product developed by Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, India. Dapagliflozin plasma levels were determined from blood samples collected in both study periods before and after dosing until 48 hours by using a validated LC-MS/MS method. For pharmacokinetic analysis of data, the non-compartmental method was used (Phoenix® WinNonlin 6.3). The statistical analysis was performed by SAS software 9.1.3 for the logarithmically transformed values of maximum plasma concentration and area under the curve.Results: The 90% confidence intervals for the evaluated pharmacokinetic parameters were found to be in the accepted interval for bioequivalence (80.00-125.00%).Conclusion: The 10 mg dapagliflozin immediate release tablet newly developed by Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, India, is bioequivalent with the reference product Farxiga® under fasted state of the subjects.
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Gandolfi, F., M. Terqui, S. Modina, TA Brevini, P. Ajmone-Marsan, F. Foulon-Gauze y M. Courot. "Failure to produce transgenic offspring by intra-tubal insemination of gilts with DNA-treated sperm". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 8, n.º 7 (1996): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9961055.
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The reproducibility of the use of sperm cells as vectors of foreign DNA in the genome of pigs was verified in the present study and the effectiveness of four different procedures for sperm treatment was assessed. For each gilt, approximately 6 x 10(6) ejaculated boar spermatozoa were incubated for 30 min in 1 mL TALP medium containing 3 micrograms of linearized pSV2CAT plasmid DNA. Before incubation, spermatozoa were treated in four experimental groups: (1) cells were stored at 16 degrees C for 24 h and then washed three times in TALP; (2) cells from the fresh, undiluted sperm-rich fraction of an ejaculate were used immediately after collection, following the same procedure as (1); (3) cells were treated as in (2) with an extra wash; and (4) incubation with DNA was performed in TALP medium supplemented with 0.5 mg mL(-1) poly-L-lysine hydrobromide. As determined by immunolocalization, plasmid DNA molecules were found to be associated with 12-17.1% spermatozoa, depending on sperm treatment. Of 35 inseminated gilts, 20 gave birth to a total of 126 piglets. None of the piglets showed sign of exogenous DNA incorporation in any of the tissues tested, as assessed by the polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot. The potential of modifying the pig genome through 'transformed' spermatozoa was not confirmed by these experiments.
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Sikorska, Marianna, Linda M. Brewer, Tony Youdale, Robert Richards, James F. Whitfield, Richard A. Houghten y P. Roy Walker. "Evidence that mammalian ribonucleotide reductase is a nuclear membrane associated glycoprotein". Biochemistry and Cell Biology 68, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1990): 880–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o90-130.
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Epitope-specific antibodies to the M1 and M2 subunits of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase were prepared using peptides predicted to have a high antigenic index. Western blotting demonstrated that the anti-M1 antibody was specific for the 89-kilodalton M1 subunit (and its degradation fragments) and the anti-M2 antibody specifically recognized the 45-kilodalton M2 subunit. Both antibodies inhibited the CDP-reductase activity of the holoenzyme. Using these antibodies, both the M1 and M2 subunits were shown to be localized in the cytoplasm and in the nuclear regions of a number of cell types, including B77 avian sarcoma virus transformed NRK cells, T51B rat liver cells, 5123tc hepatoma cells, and rat liver cells in vivo. In addition, the M1 subunit was found to be localized as a halo around isolated rat liver nuclei. Biochemical analysis of the cytoplasmic fraction of liver cells and a Triton X-100 wash of nuclei from these cells confirmed the location of the enzyme activity in these cellular compartments. The M1 subunit appears to be glycosylated, as indicated by its retention on a Affi-Gel – concanavalin A affinity column. Therefore, in mammalian cells ribonucleotide reductase appears to be not only in the cytoplasm, but is also associated with the nuclear membrane or nuclear lamina. The activity of the enzyme in the membrane fraction changes dynamically during the cell cycle.Key words: replication, DNA, synthesis, glycosylation, liver.
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Manikant, Thakur, Tiwari Sankalp, Yadav Vipin y Khandare Anand. "A mobile app for removing duplicate multimedia images". i-manager’s Journal on Image Processing 10, n.º 3 (2023): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jip.10.3.19467.
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With the development of multimedia technology and the popularity of smartphones, the collection of multimedia information from various applications has rapidly grown. This information encompasses text, images, video, and audio compositions. This multimedia information has not only transformed the way we communicate and share content but has also posed new challenges and opportunities in fields such as data analysis, content creation, and information management. Consequently, multimedia education has become the focal point for research institutions and businesses. The modern solution faces two main challenges: expensive uptime and comparative speed. Therefore, this study first introduces a washing method called Permutation (OPH) to reduce expensive working time. Furthermore, the study explores innovative techniques to enhance the comparative speed of the modern solution, ultimately aiming to achieve a more efficient and cost-effective system. With the OPH, a permutation wash (GOPH) has been developed, along with several useful techniques to address pressure changes. This development is based on the fact that most multimedia files differ from one another. A new hashing method, known as Hierarchical Permutation Hash (HOPH), has been created to enhance productivity. Extensive testing with real multimedia files clearly demonstrates that HOPH is five to seven times faster than Minis' while maintaining the same level of accuracy. HOPH achieves this remarkable speed improvement by efficiently leveraging hierarchical structures in data, making it a promising solution for a wide range of multimedia applications.
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Jones, Ashley, Cynthia Torkel, David Stanley, Jamila Nasim, Justin Borevitz y Benjamin Schwessinger. "High-molecular weight DNA extraction, clean-up and size selection for long-read sequencing". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 7 (15 de julio de 2021): e0253830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253830.
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Rapid advancements in long-read sequencing technologies have transformed read lengths from bps to Mbps, which has enabled chromosome-scale genome assemblies. However, read lengths are now becoming limited by the extraction of pure high-molecular weight DNA suitable for long-read sequencing, which is particularly challenging in plants and fungi. To overcome this, we present a protocol collection; high-molecular weight DNA extraction, clean-up and size selection for long-read sequencing. We optimised a gentle magnetic bead based high-molecular weight DNA extraction, which is presented here in detail. The protocol circumvents spin columns and high-centrifugation, to limit DNA fragmentation. The protocol is scalable based on tissue input, which can be used on many species of plants, fungi, reptiles and bacteria. It is also cost effective compared to kit-based protocols and hence applicable at scale in low resource settings. An optional sorbitol wash is listed and is highly recommended for plant and fungal tissues. To further remove any remaining contaminants such as phenols and polysaccharides, optional DNA clean-up and size selection strategies are given. This protocol collection is suitable for all common long-read sequencing platforms, such as technologies offered by PacBio and Oxford Nanopore. Using these protocols, sequencing on the Oxford Nanopore MinION can achieve read length N50 values of 30–50 kb, with reads exceeding 200 kb and outputs ranging from 15–30 Gbp. This has been routinely achieved with various plant, fungi, animal and bacteria samples.
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Tandlich, Roman, Nosiphiwe P. Ngqwala, Aileen Boshoff, Phindile Madikizela, C. Sunitha Srinivas, Desmond M. Pyle y Rene Oosthuizen. "Challenges and Curriculum Transformation in the Higher Education Sector in South Africa: A Case Study in WASH to Improve the Training of Pharmacists". Acta Educationis Generalis 8, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2018): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/atd-2018-0001.
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AbstractIntroduction: South Africa is a member state of the “BRICS” bloc (BRICS2017.org, 2017) and the G20 group of the 20 nations/economic blocs, which between them account for the majority of the world’s trade and economic activity. It faces many developmental challenges which are mirrored in its higher education sector. In this article, the authors seek to provide an overview of the challenges that South African higher education faces in the achievement of the developmental goals of the country. The focus of this paper is a case study in WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) to improve context-specific responses that trains pharmacists on knowledge and skills.Methods: The study was performed as a combination of calculations and a literature review to obtain the background or current status of the higher education sector and developmental planning in South Africa. For this, data were extracted from the Statistics South Africa reports, relevant professional articles on South African higher education sector and results of postgraduate research. Workshop results which were obtained as a collaboration between a public and a private higher education institution and results of postgraduate research were used as the paradigm for transformation and decolonisation of the curriculum for a professional degree in South Africa.Results and discussion: Challenges exist in the South African tertiary education sector and the graduation rate currently stands at 65.1% of the target set by the National Development Plan. Around 58.1% of all students do not complete their university/post-secondary education, which could provide a partial explanation for the skills shortage in South Africa. Decolonisation and transformation of the tertiary education curriculum are major topics in the discourse on higher education in South Africa. The authors propose that one way to achieve this would be inclusion of research results and group activities in the area of water, sanitation and hygiene as a topic for possible and partial transformation of the Bachelor of Pharmacy curriculum.Conclusions: The current article summarises some of topics and challenges that drive the current discourse, developmental and curriculum debate in higher education in South Africa. Student access and through put at tertiary institutions need to be improved and the curriculum needs to be transformed.
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Sadras, Víctor O. "Influence of size of rainfall events on water-driven processes. I. Water budget of wheat crops in south-eastern Australia". Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, n.º 4 (2003): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02112.
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Power laws relating the number of events N (s) and their sizes s, i.e. N (s) ~ s–τ, are widespread in natural and social systems. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) power laws can be used to characterise rainfall patterns irrespective of the amount, seasonality, and rainfall mechanisms; and (2) crop water budget components favoured by large rainfall events, i.e. runoff and drainage, are negatively associated with τ, whereas soil evaporation, which is favoured by small rainfall events, is positively associated with τ. Hypothesis 1 was tested using long-term records of daily rainfall in 114 geographically widespread Australian locations from 12 to 43�S, and from 115 to 154�E, with median annual rainfall from 113 to 3437 mm, and Walsh and Lawler's seasonality index from 0.07 (very equable rainfall regime) to 1.1 (most rain in 3 months or less). Coefficients of determination of the linear regression between log-transformed number and size of rainfall events ranged from 0.90 to 0.98 (P < 0.0001). A single value of τ described well the rainfall patterns in 50 out of the 114 locations, whereas some degree of curvilinearity suggested that a multidimensional model would be more suitable in the other locations. Hypothesis 2 was tested in a factorial modelling experiment combining 44 years and 39 southern Australian locations in a latitudinal band (33–36�S) between 134 and 147�E. Simulated water budget components of wheat crops on a sandy loam soil included runoff (R), drainage beyond the root-zone (D), and evapotranspiration (ET) and its components. Seasonal rainfall (range from 176 to 381 mm) and τ (range from 2.84 to 3.76) were unrelated. Simulated ET, R, and D increased, and the soil evaporation : ET ratio (E/ET) decreased with increasing rainfall. For a given amount of seasonal rainfall, processes favoured by large rainfall events, including runoff and drainage, were more frequent and more intense in locations with smaller τ, whereas E/ET increased with larger τ. Despite some limitations, power laws provided a statistical description of rainfall patterns that is agronomically meaningful, with parameter τ accounting for the effect of size of rainfall events on the fate of water in crops.
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Swift, Fred C. y Elizabeth J. Herman. "All-Season Insecticide Test, 1988". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1989): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.33.
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Abstract The test was carried out in an 18-yr-old block of ‘Red Delicious’ apples. Treatments were applied with a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun and operated at 300 psi. Application dates were 27 Apr, pink (P); 23 May, late petal fall to early first cover (IC); 10-11 Jun, second cover (2C); 27-29 Jun, third cover (3C); 28-29 Jul, fourth cover (4C); and 25 Aug, fifth cover (5C). The single-tree plots, replicated 4 times, were arranged in a randomized complete block design. For disease control the entire orchard was sprayed with Polyram as needed. Data were transformed to log(x + 1) or x + 1 or arcsine x prior to ANOVA and comparison of means using DMRT. Sampling methods were as follows: ERM, motile stages/leaf as determined from a pooled sample of 15 leaves/tree; S. punctum, average number larvae, pupae, and adults/3-min count/tree; AA, average AA/terminal based on 10 most infested terminals/tree; RAA, average RAA colonies/tree; STLM average mines/5-min count/tree; WALH, average percentage of leaves showing leafhopper damage (based on 500 leaves/tree); OFM, CM (new, very recent entries), LR (mainly redbanded leafroller), SJS, EASF, and PC, average number damaged fruit/100 fruit/tree; yield, average lb fruit/tree; russet, average percentage of surface russetted (based on 100 fruit/tree); soluble solids (SS), average percentage soluble solids (based on 100 fruit/tree); pressure, average fruit firmness (psi) (based on 100 fruit/tree); diameter, average inches (based on 100 fruit/tree).
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Briggs, Robert E., Glynn H. Frank y Emilie S. Zehr. "Development and testing of a unique strain of Pasteurella haemolytica for use in studies on colonization of the respiratory tract of cattle". American Journal of Veterinary Research 59, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1998): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1998.59.04.426.
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Abstract Objective To develop a unique strain of Pasteurella haemolytica, selectable from nasopharyngeal respiratory tract secretions, that retains the ability to efficiently colonize the respiratory tract of calves. Animals 26 calves that each weighed approximately 200 kg. Procedure Rifampicin-resistant mutants of P haemolytica were developed and tested for in vitro growth rate and leukotoxin production. After instillation into the tonsils of calves, an isolate that was efficient at colonizing was selected and transformed, using electroporation, with a 4.2-kilobase (kb) plasmid encoding for streptomycin resistance. This isolate was instilled into the tonsils of 4 of 14 commingled calves to examine transmission of organisms. Nasal secretion and tonsil wash specimens were collected, cultured, and examined for P haemolytica. Serum antibody concentration was measured by means of indirect hemagglutination. Results Selected P haemolytica organisms colonized the tonsils and nasal passages for more than 2 weeks. Exposed calves and contact calves shed the organism, which was recovered from specimens of nasal secretions and tonsil washes. The 4.2-kb plasmid was lost during in vivo colonization. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance The selected rifampicin-resistant P haemolytica organism colonized tonsils and nasal passages in a manner similar to the wild-type organisms. Selective media suppressed other bacterial flora to the extent that a single colony-forming unit was detectable from 200 μl of specimen, a 100-fold improvement in detection sensitivity. The selectable strain spread rapidly among commingled calves. A 4.2-kb plasmid marker was unstable when P haemolytica replicated in vivo. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:426–430)
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Hamilton, George C., Elizabeth Herman y Fred C. Swift. "Apple, All Season Insecticide Test, 1985". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1986): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.20.
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Abstract A 15-year-old orchard located at the Rutgers Fruit Research & Development Center, Cream Ridge, NJ was used in this test. Sprays were applied to single-tree plots consisting of 2 replicates of ‘Yellow Delicious’ and 1 of ‘Red Delicious’ arranged in a randomized complete block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff (ca 5 gal/tree; 300 GPA) using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a hand-gun and operated at 200 psi. Spray dates were 12 Apr (P), 1-4 May (PF), 13 May (1C), 28 May (2C), 10 Jun (3C), 25 Jun (4C), 15 Jul (5C), 5 Aug (6C), and 2 Sep (7C). For disease control the entire orchard was sprayed with Captan and Polyram as needed. European red mite (ERM) estimates were made by randomly picking 25 leaves per replicate, brushing the mites onto glass plates and counting mobile mites. Sampling methods for the various insects in the tables are as follows: RAA = no. of RAA colonies/tree; AA = avg. no. of AA/terminal/tree (20 terminals counted); WALHa = no. of WALH nymphs and adults/3 minute count; WALHb = no. of WALH damaged leaves/3 minute count; EASFa = no. of EASF damaged fruit/3 minute count; STLM = no. of STLM mines/3 minute count; Stethorus = no. of S. punctum larvae, pupae and adults/ 3 minute count; PC = no. of PC damaged fruit/100; TPB = no. of TPB damaged fruit/100; AM = no. of AM damaged fruit/100; FS = no. of flyspeck damaged fruit/100; BR = no. of brown rotted fruit/100; RAA = no. of RAA damaged fruit/100; JB = no. of JB damaged fruit/100; TABM+LR = no. of TABM and/or LR damaged fruit/100; OFM+CM = no. of OFM and/or CM damaged fruit/100; EASFb = no. of EASF damaged fruit/100. Russet = avg. % russet/fruit (100 fruit evaluated); Sugar = avg. sugar content (% soluble solids)/fruit (100 fruit measured); Press = avg. pressure (Kg)/fruit (100 fruit measured); Diam = avg. diameter (mm)/fruit (100 fruit measured). Mite-days were calculated as follows: MD = MD1 + [(Ml + M2)/2 × Y], where MD1 = mite days already accumulated, Ml = avg ERM/leaf on a given counting date, M2 = avg ERM/leaf on the next counting date after Ml and Y = number of days between Ml and M2. Data were transformed to × + 1, or arcsin (x) prior to analysis of variance and comparison of means. In tables numbers followed by the same letter are not significantly different (alpha = 0.05; DMRT).
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Reissig, H., M. Dunham y C. Smith. "Preliminary Insecticide Test on Apple, 1997". Arthropod Management Tests 23, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1998): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/23.1.27.
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Abstract Dilute sprays were applied with a hand sprayer (450 psi) at pink (8 May), petal fall (2 Jun), and as cover sprays on 11 Jun, 24 Jun, 8 Jul, 22 Jul, 4 Aug, and 18 Aug. Treatments of the standard compounds Guthion and Lorsban were applied at pink, petal fall, and during the first through sixth cover sprays. Treatments of CM-007 alone and in combination with Silwet were applied at petal fall. DPX-MP062 30 WG (0.35 oz AI/100 gal) and (0.59 oz (AI)/100 gal) was applied at pink, petal fall, and during the 1st through 6th cover sprays. A mixture of DPX-MP062 30 WG (0.35 oz (AI)/100 gal) and Lorsban 50 W (5.3 oz (AI)/100 gal) was also applied at pink, petal fall, and 1C-6C. Agri-Mek 0.15 EC (0.05 oz (AI)/100 gal) and (0.10 oz (AI)/100 gal) was combined with oil (0.125%) and applied at first hatch of the first generation of CM (ca. 1C). After the initial treatment with Agri-Mek 0.15 EC, Guthion 50 W (4.0 oz (AI)/100 gal) was applied at 3C-6C. Treatments were replicated 3 times on single-tree plots (2 ‘McIntosh’ trees and 1 '‘Cortland’) and arranged in a RCB design. Damage from the first generation of CM was estimated by sampling 100 apples on each tree in each replication on 7 Jul. At harvest (8-10 Sep), 100 apples were collected from each tree in each replication and examined for in-sect damage. ERM and predaceous mites were sampled on 25 randomly selected leaves/replication on 21 Jul. The 1st generation of WALH was counted on 25 randomly selected fruit cluster spur leaves on 12 Jun and the second generation was counted on 50 randomly selected spur leaves on 28 Aug. First generation STLM tissue mines were counted on 25 fruit clusters from the trees in each replication on 11 Jul. Second generation STLM tissue mines were counted on 8-10 distal leaves on 20 randomly selected “hardened off” terminals/replication on 28 Aug. Foliar pest counts were transformed Logn (x + 1) and percentages of damaged and clean fruit were transformed Arcsin (Sqrt x) prior to analysis. Treatments means were subjected to a Fisher’s Protected LSD Test (P ≤ 0.05).
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Rai, DIllisher y Gajendra Prasad Rauniar. "Comparative bioavailability study of phenytoin in healthy Nepalese volunteers". Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, n.º 1-s (15 de febrero de 2019): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2376.
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Our study aimed to assess and compare the bioavailability of Eptoin 100 mg and Epileptin 100mg tablets in Nepalese healthy volunteers. A randomized, two-treatment cross-over study with two weeks’ wash-out period was conducted in 12 healthy non-smoker and non-alcoholic Nepalese male volunteers over a period of 6 months in the department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal after approval from the Institutional Review Committee. The participants were randomized using sealed envelope system and received a single 100 mg oral tablet of either of the formulations with a two week washout period. Blood samples were collected predose and at regular intervals postdose upto 72 hours. Plasma phenytoin levels were estimated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The analytical method was validated prior to the start of study. Cmax (Peak Plasma Concentration), Tmax (Time to achieve maximum Plasma Concentration), AUC0-72 (Area under plasma concentration time curve 0 to 72 hours), AUC0-∞ (Area under plasma concentration time curve 0 to ∞) and T½ (Elimination half-life) and Kel (Elimination rate constant) were calculated and 80-120% margin (90% confidence interval) was used to assess bioequivalence. ANOVA test was used to analyze the data at P-value of 0.05. All volunteers completed the study. The log-transformed values of Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ of the both formulations were within the specified limits and were bioequivalent according to the regulatory definition of bioequivalence based on the rate and extent of absorption. Both products can be considered equally effective in medical practice.
Keywords: Bioavailability, Bioequivalence, healthy volunteer, Nepal, phenytoin sodium.
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Swift, Fred C., Elizabeth J. Herman y George C. Hamilton. "Apple, All Season Insecticide Test, 1984". Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 10, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1985): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/10.1.28.
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Abstract A 14-year-old orchard at the Rutgers Tree Fruit Research Center, Cream Ridge, N.J. was used in this test. Sprays were applied to single-tree plots consisting of 2 replicates each of Red Delicious and Golden Delicious arranged in a randomized complete block design. Trees were sprayed to runoff, ca. 6 gal/tree, using a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun and operated at 250 psi. Spray dates were 1 May (P), 24-25 May (PF), 11 Jun (1C), 10 Jul (2C), 9 Aug (3C) and 30 Aug (4C). For disease control the entire orchard was sprayed with Captan and Polyram as needed. ERM estimates were made by randomly picking 25 leaves per tree, brushing mites onto glass plates and counting motile mites. Descriptions of sampling methods for various insects listed in table 1 are as follows: WALH = white apple leafhopper damaged leaves/500 leaves/tree, STLM = spotted tentiform leaf miner damaged leaves/500 leaves/tree, EASF = European apple sawfly damaged fruit clusters/100 fruit clusters/tree, AA = average apple aphids/20 terminals/tree, RAA = rosy apple aphid colonies/tree. In table 2, ERM days = total accumulation of mite days from petal fall (24 May) to last counting date. Mite days were calculated as follows; MD = MDl + [(Ml + M2)/2 x Y], where MDl = mite days already accumulated, Ml = avg ERM/ leaf on a given counting date, M2 = avg ERM/leaf on the next counting date after Ml and Y = number of days between Ml and M2. Data were transformed to log x + 1, x + 0.5 or arcsin x prior to analysis of variance and comparison of means. (P = 0.05; DMRT).
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Popok, Vladimir N., Nickolay I. Popok, Nickolay V. Bychin y Svetlana N. Aponyakina. "Crystallization and co-crystallization of CL-20. Influence of some process conditions on product properties". Butlerov Communications 59, n.º 9 (30 de septiembre de 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-59-9-1.
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Crystallization of CL-20 (HNIW) with all the variety of methods faces a number of problems caused by heterogeneous nucleation, polymorphic transformations of the product in the process of crystallization, stability most polymorphic modifications of HNIW under normal conditions, difficulty reproducing granulometric composition and polymorphic purity of the product in laboratory, pilot and industrial facilities. Analysis of literary data shows that important but little researched factors that determine the properties of crystalline product obtained by different methods are: the properties of the crystallizer material; properties of solvents to process the surface of the devices after crystallization; properties of solvents and sediments used in HNIW crystallization. An important element is the analysis of the influence of the type of plasticizers of mixed energy materials (MEM) on the crystallization and co-crystalization processes of HNIW in MEM compositions. It is of some interest to obtain HNIW ultra-dispersing and nanoscale powders in the MEM plasticizer environment, if used as sediments in HNIW crystallization processes. The article presents the results of experimental studies of influence: the type of material from which the crystallizer is made, the influences of the type of polar solvents used to wash the crystallizer before its subsequent use, influences of the type of MEM plasticizers, as sediments or environments for the creation of the emulsion of HNIW solution in emulsion and sedimentary methods, on crystallization (recrystalization) HNIW; polar polymer-type material for co-crystalization in the polar polymer/HNIW system in thin layers under normal conditions and at cryogenic temperature. The results of the research on the co-crystalization of octogen and HNIW in the environment of inert and nitroester plasticizers of MEM are also presented. Glass, aluminum, stainless steel, porcelain and fluoroplast crystallizers were used to crystallize HNIW/acetone/o-xylol. Acetone, water, ethanol, o-xylol in different combinations or sequences were used to wash crystallizers or to process them further before crystallizing. MEM plasticizers were used as sediments instead of o-xylol: transformer oil, dioctyladipineate, propylene glycol, diethylene, triethylene glycol and nitroglycerin. Polar polymer/HNIW casseators used glass, aluminum, stainless steel, fluoroplast and poly-ethylene to co-crystallize in thin layers at room and cryogenic temperatures. Polyvinilacetate, acetyleulose, nitrocellulose were used as polar polymers. The co-crystalization of HNIW with the octogen was considered in model blends with the above MEM plasticizers. Studies allow you to choose the conditions for the crystallization and co-crystallization of HNIW with the provision of reproducible characteristics of variability, polymorphic composition, including for the receipt of a high-dispersive product -modifications. The possibility of obtaining a high-dispersal product (crystalline HNIW and its co-crystallizates with MEM components) using SEM plasticizers as sediments or components of mixtures has been confirmed, which is a promising direction alternative technologies for making MEM based on high-dispersal fillers.
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Neto, João Araújo Monteiro y Nestor Eduardo Araruna Santiago. "Weakening constitutional rules through anti-corruption and impunity discourses: Analyzing the impact of the “Operação Lava-jato” (Car Wash Operation) on the presumption of innocence in Brazil". Oñati Socio-Legal Series 14, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2024): 56–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl.1675.
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We use a sociolegal perspective to critically analyze how narratives supporting the need to reduce and punish corruption in Brazil, particularly the ones deployed in the course of the Car Wash Operation (CWO), influenced the weakening of the presumption of innocence rule. Originally deployed to investigate a criminal organization using a network of gas stations and car wash companies to “clean” illicit resources, the CWO was rapidly transformed in a major law enforcement operation, and it was used to unravel endemic corruption found in private and state-owned companies. Using a variety of communication resources, the Prosecutor office in charge of the operation developed a set of strategic tactics to promote the discourse that the rule of presumption of innocence was one of the main motives behind the high levels of corruption and impunity in Brazil. This narrative influenced the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court during the judgment of the case involving Brazilian former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. The social pressure caused by the use of strategic communication tools were crucial to lead the court to overrule the meaning of presumption of innocence. The paper examines how these tools were able to promote social traction and how they can be used to influence and shape the meaning and effectiveness of legal rules. Utilizamos una perspectiva socio-jurídica para analizar críticamente cómo las narrativas que respaldan la necesidad de reducir y castigar la corrupción en Brasil, especialmente las desplegadas en el curso de la “Operação Lava Jato” (LJ – Operación Autolavado), influyeron en el debilitamiento de la presunción de inocencia. Originalmente implementada para investigar a una organización criminal que utilizaba una red de estaciones de servicio y empresas de lavado de autos para el lavado de dinero, LJ se transformó rápidamente en una importante operación de aplicación de la ley y se utilizó para desentrañar la corrupción endémica en empresas privadas y estatales. Utilizando diversos recursos de comunicación, la Fiscalía Federal a cargo de la operación desarrolló un conjunto de tácticas estratégicas para promover el discurso de que la presunción de inocencia era uno de los principales motivos detrás de los altos niveles de corrupción e impunidad en Brasil. Esta narrativa, por ejemplo, influyó en el Tribunal Supremo Federal (STF) de Brasil durante el juicio del caso que involucra al expresidente brasileño Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. La presión social causada por el uso de herramientas estratégicas de comunicación fue crucial para llevar al tribunal a revocar el significado de la presunción de inocencia. El artículo examina cómo estas herramientas pudieron generar tracción social y cómo pueden utilizarse para influir y dar forma al significado y la efectividad de las normas legales.