Bibliografías temáticas / Transfert local-Global

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Transfert local-Global"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Transfert local-Global"

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Bensmaili, A. y F. Coeuret. "Transfert de matière global et local entre un jet liquide et des disques circulaires". International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 33, n.º 12 (diciembre de 1990): 2743–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(90)90208-c.

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Negatu, Selam Esayas, Elizabeth Holzer, Ezana Amdework Atsbeha y Kristen Kirksey. "Technology Transfer and Everyday Life among Smallholder Farmers: Notes on the Small Inconveniences that Slow the Transition to Industrial Agriculture in Ethiopia". Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 21, n.º 1 (15 de junio de 2022): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341614.

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Abstract Global technology transfers reshape agriculture with profound influences on everyday life. Substantial research has documented broader constraints that influence technology transfer among farmers, yet existing theories give us a narrow view into how wider dynamics manifest in everyday life. Using tractor farming in Ethiopia as a case study with ethnographic and historical data, we contribute an account of the everyday social and ecological interactions that shape agricultural technology transfer as well as the wider historical context in which these practices play out. Historically, we find an uneven transition that faltered repeatedly over 50 years. Ethnographically, we identify three types of interplays between actors and the local ecology that shaped the ways that faltering technology transfer actually plays out on the ground: (1) socio-ecological frictions; (2) communicative frictions; and (3) status-based frictions. This study contributes a humanistic account of how farmers and local technology providers experience technology transfers.
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Rocha, Thelma y José Cláudio Terra. "MNC Knowledge transfer, global integration, and local responsiveness in Brazilian subsidiaries". Internext 4, n.º 1 (11 de marzo de 2009): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18568/1980-4865.4120-39.

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This paper is based on a sample of 104 subsidiaries of multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in Brazil. It investigates the mechanisms of knowledge transfer in marketing and their relationship to the strategic positioning of the subsidiaries (i.e. global integration and local responsiveness). A positive correlation between the level of global integration and the intensity of knowledge transfer was statistically confirmed and the main mechanisms of knowledge transfer were also revealed. Some widely accepted theories about knowledge transfer in MNCs were empirically confirmed. Finally, this study provided the opportunity to develop several specific insights about knowledge transfer in marketing in the Brazilian context.
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Al-Anzi, Adnan y Moncef Krarti. "Local/global analysis applications to ground-coupled heat transfer". International Journal of Thermal Sciences 42, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2003): 871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1290-0729(03)00059-0.

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Liu, Jieyan, Jingjing Li y Ke Lu. "Coupled local–global adaptation for multi-source transfer learning". Neurocomputing 275 (enero de 2018): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2017.06.051.

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Dimitrov, Boyan, Sahib Esa, Nikolai Kolev y Georgios Pitselis. "Transfer of Global Measures of Dependence into Cumulative Local". Applied Mathematics 05, n.º 04 (2014): 615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/am.2014.54058.

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Wang, Chao, Hongya Tuo, Jiexin Wang y Lingfeng Qiao. "Discriminative transfer learning via local and global structure preservation". Signal, Image and Video Processing 13, n.º 4 (19 de diciembre de 2018): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11760-018-1405-7.

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Davvetas, Vasileios y Georgios Halkias. "Global and local brand stereotypes: formation, content transfer, and impact". International Marketing Review 36, n.º 5 (9 de septiembre de 2019): 675–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-01-2018-0017.

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Purpose The dominant paradigm in international branding research treats perceived brand globalness (PBG) and localness (PBL) as attributes algebraically participating in brand assessment and disregards the perception of brands as humanlike entities actively embedded in consumers’ social environments. Challenging this view and drawing from stereotype theory, the purpose of this paper is to suggest that PBG/PBL trigger the categorization of products under the superordinate mental categories of global/local brands which carry distinct stereotypical content. Such content transfers to every individual product for which category membership is established and shapes brand responses. Design/methodology/approach One experimental study (Study1, n=134) tests the process of global/local brand stereotype formation, identification and content transfer. Subsequently, two consumer surveys test the impact of brand stereotypes on brand approach/avoidance tendencies (Study2, n=328) and consumer–brand relationships (Study3, n=273). Data were analyzed with experimental techniques and structural equation modeling. Findings The findings suggest that upon categorization under the global or local brand class, individual brands are charged with the stereotypical content of the class. Global brands are predominantly stereotyped as competent while local brands are predominantly stereotyped as warm. Localness-induced warmth has uniformly positive effects, whereas globalness-induced competence acts as a double-edged sword which can both help and harm the brand. Originality/value This research contributes by proposing a novel conceptualization of global and local brands as groups of intentional marketplace agents stereotyped along their intentions and abilities, empirically establishing the process through which individual brands are assigned stereotypical judgments and demonstrating how these judgments impact critical brand outcomes and consumer–brand relationships.
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Magalhães Filho, Luiz, Peter Roebeling, Maria Isabel Bastos, Waldecy Rodrigues y Giulia Ometto. "A Global Meta-Analysis for Estimating Local Ecosystem Service Value Functions". Environments 8, n.º 8 (9 de agosto de 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8080076.

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The Meta-analysis has increasingly been used to synthesize the ecosystem services literature, with some testing of the use of such analyses to transfer benefits. These are typically based on local primary studies. However, meta-analyses associated with ecosystem services are a potentially powerful tool for transferring benefits, especially for environmental assets for which no primary studies are available. In this study we use the Ecosystem Service Valuation Database (ESVD), which brings together 1350 value estimates from more than 320 studies around the world, to estimate meta-regression functions for Provisioning, Regulating and maintenance, and Cultural ecosystem services across 12 biomes. We tested the reliability of these meta-regression functions and found that even using variables with high explanatory power, transfer errors could still be large. We show that meta-analytic transfer performs better than simple value transfer and, in addition, that local meta-analytical transfer (i.e., based on local explanatory variable values) provides more reliable estimates than global meta-analytical transfer (i.e., based on mean global explanatory variable values). Thus, we conclude that when taking into account the characteristics of the study area under analysis, including explanatory variables such as income, population density, and protection status, we can determine the value of ecosystem services with greater accuracy.
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Wang, Zhizhong, Lei Zhao, Sihuan Lin, Qihang Mo, Huiming Zhang, Wei Xing y Dongming Lu. "GLStyleNet: exquisite style transfer combining global and local pyramid features". IET Computer Vision 14, n.º 8 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 575–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cvi.2019.0844.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Transfert local-Global"

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Bordais, Benjamin. "Concurrent two-player antagonistic games on graphs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG072.

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On étudie des jeux à deux joueuses (A et B) sur des graphes. À partir d'un état du graphe, les joueuses interagissent pour aller d'un état à un autre.Ceci induit une suite infinie d'états à laquelle une fonction de gain mesurable associe une valeur dans [0, 1]. La Joueuse A (resp. B) tente de maximiser (resp.minimiser) l'espérance de cette fonction de gain.Les jeux à tours, i.e. les jeux tels qu'à chaque état une seule joueuse choisit(une loi de probabilités sur) l'état suivant, ont de nombreuses bonnes propriétés.Par exemple, dans tous les jeux à tours perd/gagne déterministes, une joueuse a une stratégie gagnante. De plus, dans les jeux de parité à tours finis, les deux joueuses ont des stratégies optimales positionnelles. A contrario, les jeux concurrents, i.e. les jeux tels qu'à chaque état les deux joueuses concourent au choix d'une loi de probabilité sur les états suivants, se comportent mal. Ainsi, il existe des jeux concurrents de parité déterministes tels que : aucune des joueuses n'a de stratégie gagnante ; aucune joueuse n'a de stratégie optimale, même stochastique. De plus, lorsque c'est possible, jouer de manière optimale peut nécessiter une mémoire infinie. Le but de ce manuscrit est d'enrichir notre compréhension du comportement des jeux concurrents. Pour ce faire, on étudie la notion de forme de jeu. Les formes de jeu sont les objets mathématiques qui décrivent les interactions (locales) des joueuses à chaque état d'un jeu concurrent. Les formes de jeu sont définies par un ensemble de stratégies locales par joueuse, un ensemble d'issues et une fonction envoyant une paire d'une stratégie locale par joueuse sur une loi de probabilités sur les issues. Généralement, dans les articles sur les jeux concurrents, les interactions locales sont des formes de jeu standard (finies) :les ensembles de stratégies locales sont des lois de probabilités sur les ensembles(finis) d'actions sous-jacents. Ici, on définie des formes de jeu plus générales,que l'on appelle formes de jeu arbitraires. Certains des résultats établis dans ce manuscrit supposent que les interactions locales sont standard, tandis que les autres ne font pas de telles hypothèses.Premièrement, on prouve des résultats généraux sur les jeux concurrents,avec très peu d'hypothèses sur les fonctions de gain et les interactions locales.En particulier, on considère un résultat crucial sur les jeux concurrents : la détermination de Blackwell de Martin, qui peut être énoncé comme suit. Soit un jeu concurrent dont toutes les interactions locales sont standards finies.Depuis chaque état, il existe une valeur u dans [0, 1] telle que les stratégies de la Joueuse A (resp. B) peuvent garantir que l'espérance de la fonction de gain est au moins (resp. au plus) égal à n'importe quel seuil en-dessous(resp. au-dessus) de u. On généralise ce résultat aux jeux dont les formes de jeu sont arbitraires et en déduisons d'autres résultats sur les jeux concurrents. On prouve également d'autres résultats sur les jeux concurrents, en particulier sur les stratégies optimales en sous-jeu. Deuxièmement, on étudie le comportement des jeux de parité concurrents finis en termes d'existence et de nature des stratégies (presque) optimales (en sous-jeu), avec très peu d'hypothèses sur les interactions locales.Troisièmement, on définie des ensembles de jeux concurrents qui ont certaines des propriétés des jeux à tours tout en étant plus généraux que les jeux à tours. Ainsi, étant donné une propriété souhaitable des jeux concurrents, oncaractérise tout d'abord les formes de jeu qui garantissent que tous les jeuxsimples qui les utilisent comme interactions locales satisfont cette propriété. Oncaractérise ainsi les formes de jeu qui se comportent bien individuellement. Onmontre ensuite que tous les jeux concurrents qui utilisent ces formes de jeucomme interactions locales satisfont également cette propriété. Ces formes de jeux se comportent également bien collectivement
We study games played by two players, Player A and Player B, on a graph. Starting from a state of the graph, the players interact to move from state to state. This induces an infinite sequence of states, which is mapped to a value in [0, 1] by a measurable payoff function. Player A (resp. B) tries to maximize (resp. minimize) the expected value of this payoff function.Turn-based games, i.e. games where at each state only one player chooses a (probability distribution over) successor state, enjoy many nice properties.For instance, in all deterministic win/lose turn-based games, from each state,one of the players has a winning strategy. In addition, in finite turn-based parity games, both players have positional optimal strategies from each state.By contrast, concurrent games, i.e. games where at each state both players interact concurrently, i.e. simultaneously, to generate a probability distributionover successor states, behave much more poorly. Indeed, there are very simple deterministic concurrent parity games such that: neither player has a winning strategy; neither player has an optimal strategy, even a stochastic one. Inaddition, when optimal strategies do exist, they may require infinite memory. The goal of this dissertation is to give significant insight on how concurrent games behave. To do so, we study the notion of game form. Game forms arethe mathematical objects that describe the (local) interactions of the players at each state of a concurrent game. Game forms are defined by a set of local strategies per player, a set of outcomes and a function mapping a pair of one local strategy per player to a probability distribution over outcomes. Generally,in the literature on concurrent games, local interactions are standard (finite)game forms: the sets of local strategies are distributions over underlying (finite) sets of actions. In this dissertation, we define and study more general gameforms, which we call arbitrary game forms. Some of the results we prove hold even with arbitrary local interactions, the others use a standard assumption onthe local interactions involved.First, we prove general results on concurrent games, with very few assumptions on the payoff functions and local interactions involved. In particular, we consider a crucial result on concurrent games: Martin's result on Blackwell determinacy, which can be stated as follows. Consider a concurrent game whereall local interactions are standard finite. From each state, there is a value u in[0, 1] such that Player A's (resp. B's) strategies can guarantee that the expected value of the measurable payoff function is above (resp. below) any threshold below (resp. above) u. We generalize this result to games with arbitrary gameforms. We deduce from this generalization other results on concurrent games,possibly using standard local interactions, which could not have been obtained directly from the original result by Martin. We also prove other results on concurrent games, in particular results related to subgame optimal strategies.Second, we study how finite-state concurrent parity games behave in termsof existence and nature of (almost and/or subgame) optimal strategies, with very few assumptions on the local interactions involved.Third, we define subsets of concurrent games that enjoy some of the nice properties of turn-based games while being more general than turn-based games.These subsets are constructed via local-global transfers, which is a novel approach. Specifically, given a desirable property on concurrent games, we first characterize the game forms that ensure that all simple games using them aslocal interactions satisfy this property. Thus, we characterize the game formsthat behave well individually. We then show that all concurrent games that use these game forms as local interactions also satisfy this property. Thus, we show that these game forms also behave well collectively, hence globally
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Saidi, Mohamed. "Mesure et analyse de l'état de déformation et d'endommagement interne dans les composites à matrice cimentaire utilisés pour le renforcement des structures de génie civil". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1092.

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Les composites à matrice cimentaire et renforts textiles, du fait de leur compatibilité mécanique, environnementale et esthétique, sont utilisés sur une large échelle pour la réhabilitation et le renforcement du patrimoine bâti et des ouvrages du génie civil. Sous l'effet de sollicitations mécaniques ou environnementales, les phénomènes d'interaction et d'endommagement entre le renfort textile et la matrice cimentaire s'avèrent plus complexes que dans le cas des composites à matrice polymères. Celles-ci sont liées principalement au comportement fissurant du composite, à la nature fragile de la matrice et à l'adhérence renfort/matrice à prépondérance mécanique. Plus particulièrement, la connaissance et la compréhension des mécanismes de transfert de charge à l'interface renfort/matrice et l'initiation des fissures restent des verrous scientifiques majeurs.Les techniques de mesure classiques utilisées pour la caractérisation du comportement mécanique des composites à matrice cimentaire (extensomètres mécaniques, corrélation d'image digitale, etc.) sont en mesure de donner des informations sur l'état de déformation et de contrainte de la surface du corps d'épreuve. Les différents mécanismes de sollicitation et de dégradation des composants (renfort, matrice, interface) sont déduits en utilisant les approches de la mécanique des milieux continus et de la rupture.Dans ce contexte, ce travail a pour finalité la mise en place et l'adaptation d'un système de mesure intégrable à l'intérieur des composites : capteurs à base de fibres optiques distribuées. Cette technique de mesure est couplée à la corrélation d'image digitale et des jauges en surface des composites. L'objectif principal est d'analyser plus finement les paramètres mécaniques à l'échelle micro et les mécanismes de transfert de charge, d'initiation et de propagation de fissures, ainsi que les mécanismes d'endommagement. Sur la base d'essai de traction uni-axiale couplé à l'instrumentation choisie, une méthodologie d'identification de lois locales d'interaction renfort/matrice est mise en œuvre. La finalité du travail de thèse sera, grâce à ces lois locales, de déterminer les paramètres matériels du composite (longueur de transfert de charge, contrainte de cisaillement à l'interface renfort/matrice, etc.), et l'établissement des paramètres mécaniques caractéristiques du comportement local (fissuration, endommagement, comportement des interfaces, etc.) et global (lois de comportement, ouverture des fissures). Neuf configurations sont testées et analysées dans ce travail : deux types de matrice, deux types de renfort textile et trois taux de renfort. L'adaptation du protocole expérimental et la fiabilité des résultats obtenus sont validées. Le comportement global et local du composite, de la matrice, du textile et de l'interface sont mesurés et analysés. La longueur de transfert de charge, la contrainte de cisaillement à l'interface textile/matrice, l'endommagement de l'interface et l'ouverture des fissures sont quantifiés et discutés. Les effets du taux de renfort, du type de la matrice et du textile, des paramètres mécaniques et géométriques du composite sur sa réponse mécanique en traction sont identifiés et évalués. Ces résultats sont utilisés pour le perfectionnement et/ou le développement des modèles mécaniques du comportement en rigidité et à la rupture des composites à renfort textile et matrice cimentaire
Due to their mechanical, environmental and aesthetic compatibility, textile reinforced cementitious matrix composites are used on a large scale for rehabilitation and reinforcement of the built heritage and civil engineering structures. Under the effect of mechanical or environmental loads, the phenomena of interaction and damage between the textile reinforcement and the cementitious matrix are more complex than in the case of polymer matrix composites. These are mainly related to the cracking behaviour of the composite, the fragile nature of the matrix and the behaviour of the reinforcement/matrix bond. In particular, knowledge and understanding of the load transfer mechanisms at the reinforcement/matrix interface and crack initiation remain a major scientific challenge.Conventional measurement techniques used to characterise the mechanical behaviour of cementitious matrix composites (mechanical extensometers, digital image correlation, etc.) are able to provide information on the strain and stress state at the surface of a tested specimen. The different mechanisms of internal forces and degradation of the components (reinforcement, matrix, interface) are deduced using approaches of continuum and fracture mechanics.In this context, this work aims at implementing and adapting a measurement system that can be integrated into the core of composites: distributed optical fibre sensors. In order to check its reliability, this measurement technique is coupled with classical extensometer technics such as strain gauges implemented on the surface of the composites and digital image correlation. The main objective is to analyse more precisely the mechanical parameters at the micro scale and the load transfer mechanisms, crack initiation and propagation as well as damage mechanisms. On the basis of uni-axial tensile tests, coupled with the chosen instrumentation, a methodology for identifying local laws of reinforcement/matrix interaction is implemented. The aim of the thesis work is, using these local laws, to determine the micro-mechanical parameters of the composite (load transfer length, shear stress at the reinforcement/matrix interface, etc.) and to establish parameters characteristic of the local and global behaviour (cracking pattern and crack opening, damage indicators, constitutive equations, etc.). Nine configurations are tested and analysed in this work: two types of matrix, two types of textile reinforcement and three reinforcement ratios. The adaptation of the experimental protocol and the reliability of the results obtained are validated. The global and local behaviour of the composite, matrix, textile and their interface are measured and analysed. Load transfer length, shear stress at the textile/matrix interface, interface damage and crack opening are quantified and discussed. The effects of reinforcement ratio, matrix and textile type, mechanical and geometrical parameters of the composite on its mechanical tensile response are identified and evaluated. These results are used for the refinement and/or development of mechanical models of the stiffness and fracture behaviour of textile and cement-matrix reinforced composites
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Graham, William. "Global concepts, local contexts : a case study of international criminal justice policy transfer in violence reduction". Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.726773.

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Saraiva, Luis Edson. "Simulação numerica para analise local e global do desempenho de tubos de calor rotativos com estrutura porosa". [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263792.

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Orientador: Kamal Abdel Radi Ismail
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:30:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Saraiva_LuisEdson_D.pdf: 6806065 bytes, checksum: ae5ac00eb10f795ccdf8bffcd15232bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: Neste trabalho o funcionamento de um tubo de calor com rotação em tomo de seu eixo axial, internamente cilíndrico e provido de estrutura porosa para o retomo do líquido, é simulado numericamente. As equações governantes para os escoamentos do líquido e do vapor são resolvidas simultaneamente através do algoritmo SIMPLE. Os resultados são apresentados em termos de perfis de velocidades, temperatura e pressão e, também, em termos de números adimensionais relevantes para o estudo do desempenho deste tipo de tubo de calor. Uma investigação a respeito de possíveis limites de funcionamento é também realizada
Abstract: This work presents a numerical simulation of the operation of a non-tapered (intemally cylindrical) axially rotating heat pipe with porous medium for the liquid retum. The SIMPLE algorithm is used to simultaneously solve the goveming equations for vapor and liquid flows. Results are presented in terms of velocities, temperature and pressure profiles and, also, in terms of appropriated dimensionless numbers. Investigations about possible working limits of this kind of rotating heat pipes are also performed.
Doutorado
Trmica e Fluidos
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
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Alamgir, Nyma. "Computer vision based smoke and fire detection for outdoor environments". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/201654/1/Nyma_Alamgir_Thesis.pdf.

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Surveillance Video-based detection of outdoor smoke and fire has been a challenging task due to the chaotic variations of shapes, movement, colour, texture, and density. This thesis contributes to the advancement of the contemporary efforts of smoke and fire detection by proposing novel technical methods and their possible integration into a complete fire safety model. The novel contributions of this thesis include an efficient feature calculation method combining local and global texture properties, the development of deep learning-based models and a conceptual framework to incorporate weather information in the fire safety model for improved accuracy in fire prediction and detection.
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6

Dohnal, Matěj. "Paralelizace ultrazvukových simulací s využitím lokální Fourierovy dekompozice". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234949.

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This document introduces a brand new method of the 1D, 2D and 3D decomposition with the use of local Fourier basis, its implementation and comparison with the currently used global 1D domain decomposition. The new method was designed, implemented and tested primarily for future use in the simulation software called The k-Wave toolbox, but it can be applied in many other spectral methods. Compared to the global 1D domain decomposition, the Local Fourier decomposition is up to 3 times faster and more efficient thanks to lower inter-process communication, however it is a little inaccurate. The final part of the thesis discusses the limitations of the new method and also introduces best practices to use 3D Local Fourier decomposition to achieve both more speed and accuracy.
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Vento, Stéphane. "Étude de quelques équations d'ondes en milieux dispersifs ou dispersifs-dissipatifs". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344256.

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Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons aux propriétés qualitatives et quantitatives des solutions de quelques équations d'ondes en milieux dispersifs ou dispersifs-dissipatifs. Dans une première partie, nous étudions le problème de Cauchy associé aux équations de Benjamin-Ono généralisées. A l'aide de transformées de jauge, combinées avec des outils d'analyse harmonique, nous prouvons des résultats concernant le caractère localement bien posé pour des données initiales de régularité minimale dans l'échelle des espaces de Sobolev. Dans une seconde partie, nous étudions le problème de Cauchy pour des versions dissipatives des équations de Benjamin-Ono et de Korteweg-de Vries. Nous mettons en évidence l'influence des effets dissipatifs sur ces équations en donnant des résultats optimaux sur leur caractère bien ou mal posé. Ceux-ci sont obtenus en travaillant dans des espaces de type Bourgain adaptés à la partie dispersive-dissipative. Pour finir nous étudions le comportement asymptotique des solutions des équations de KdV dissipatives, lorsque celles-ci existent pour tout temps, en calculant explicitement les premiers termes du développement asymptotique dans de nombreux espaces de Sobolev
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He, Yiyang. "A Physically Based Pipeline for Real-Time Simulation and Rendering of Realistic Fire and Smoke". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Numerisk analys och datalogi (NADA), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-160401.

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With the rapidly growing computational power of modern computers, physically based rendering has found its way into real world applications. Real-time simulations and renderings of fire and smoke had become one major research interest in modern video game industry, and will continue being one important research direction in computer graphics. To visually recreate realistic dynamic fire and smoke is a complicated problem. Furthermore, to solve the problem requires knowledge from various areas, ranged from computer graphics and image processing to computational physics and chemistry. Even though most of the areas are well-studied separately, when combined, new challenges will emerge. This thesis focuses on three aspects of the problem, dynamic, real-time and realism, to propose a solution in form of a GPGPU pipeline, along with its implementation. Three main areas with application in the problem are discussed in detail: fluid simulation, volumetric radiance estimation and volumetric rendering. The weights are laid upon the first two areas. The results are evaluated around the three aspects, with graphical demonstrations and performance measurements. Uniform grids are used with Finite Difference (FD) discretization scheme to simplify the computation. FD schemes are easy to implement in parallel, especially with ComputeShader, which is well supported in Unity engine. The whole implementation can easily be integrated into any real-world applications in Unity or other game engines that support DirectX 11 or higher.
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Ramdé, Pascal. "L’appropriation du changement de politiques universitaires par les acteurs en Afrique subsaharienne, entre le local et le global : le cas de la réforme Licence-Master-Doctorat au Burkina Faso". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19859.

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Libros sobre el tema "Transfert local-Global"

1

Knowledge transfer in the automobile industry: Global-local production networks. London: Routledge, 2012.

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Rosalba, Casas, Fuentes Claudia de, Vera-Cruz Alexandre O y Seminario Latino Iberoamericano de Gestión Tecnológica (10th : 2003 : Mexico City, Mexico), eds. Acumulación de capacidades tecnológicas, aprendizaje y cooperación en la esfera global y local. México: Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 2007.

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National Council for Urban Economic Development., United States. Economic Development Administration. y Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (U.S.), eds. Re-engineering local economic development to integrate global and technological change. Washington, DC: National Council for Urban Economic Development, 1995.

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Deborah, Winkler y World Bank, eds. Making foreign direct investment work for Sub-Saharan Africa: Local spillovers and competitiveness in global value chains. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2014.

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Mazo, Aleksandr y Konstantin Potashev. The superelements. Modeling of oil fields development. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1043236.

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This monograph presents the basics of super-element modeling method of two-phase fluid flows occurring during the development of oil reservoir. The simulation is performed in two stages to reduce the spatial and temporal scales of the studied processes. In the first stage of modeling of development of oil deposits built long-term (for decades) the model of the global dynamics of the flooding on the super-element computational grid with a step equal to the average distance between wells (200-500 m). Local filtration flow, caused by the action of geological and technical methods of stimulation, are modeled in the second stage using a special mathematical models using computational grids with high resolution detail for the space of from 0.1 to 10 m and time — from 102 to 105 C. The results of application of the presented models to the solution of practical tasks of development of oil reservoir. Special attention is paid to the issue of value transfer in filtration-capacitive properties of the reservoir, with a detailed grid of the geological model on the larger grid reservoir models. Designed for professionals in the field of mathematical and numerical modeling of fluid flows occurring during the development of oil fields and using traditional commercial software packages, as well as developing their own software. May be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students studying in areas such as "Mechanics and mathematical modeling", "Applied mathematics", "Oil and gas".
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Knowledge Transfer in the Automobile Industry: Global-Local Production Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2013.

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Irawati, Dessy. Knowledge Transfer in the Automobile Industry: Global-Local Production Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.

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Irawati, Dessy. Knowledge Transfer in the Automobile Industry: Global-Local Production Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.

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Knowledge Transfer in the Automobile Industry: Global-Local Production Networks. Routledge, 2013.

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Irawati, Dessy. Knowledge Transfer in the Automobile Industry: Global-Local Production Networks. Taylor & Francis Group, 2011.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Transfert local-Global"

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Steen, Andreas. "Global transfer, local realities". En Phonographic Encounters, 40–59. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003006497-4.

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Langhammer, Michel, Lennart Hildebrandt, Henrik Seeber, Manuel Moritz y Tobias Redlich. "Open and Circular Value Creation in the Open Microfactory". En Global collaboration, local production, 265–79. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-44114-2_20.

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AbstractThe transition to a Fab City in which almost everything can be produced requires reconfiguration of the existing global production network. Open workspaces like Open Labs or Fab Labs offer an important contribution in terms of innovation and knowledge transfer, but due to the currently limited availability of machine capabilities as well as capacities, they cannot fully cover the current demand of products and their local production. In this article, the concept of an Open Microfactory (OMF) is introduced as a local and highly flexible production facility. OMFs work as a circular manufacturing space and manufacturing-as-a-service provider. The OMF fulfills the local demand in products in small and medium-sized production volumes and acts as a complementary element to the existing makerspace and industry infrastructure. By integrating state-of-the-art manufacturing technologies from the field of flexible machine units, factory automation and digitalization, we explore how OMFs strengthen local value creation systems and make them more sustainable and resilient.
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Ilavarasan, P. Vigneswara. "‘Center for Global’ or ‘Local for Global’? R&D Centers of ICT Multinationals in India". En Innovation through Knowledge Transfer 2010, 275–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20508-8_24.

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Heo, Yuk, Yeong Jun Koh y Chang-Su Kim. "Interactive Video Object Segmentation Using Global and Local Transfer Modules". En Computer Vision – ECCV 2020, 297–313. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58520-4_18.

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Teitelbaum, Sara, Hugo Asselin, Jean-François Bissonnette y Denis Blouin. "Governance in the Boreal Forest: What Role for Local and Indigenous Communities?" En Advances in Global Change Research, 513–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15988-6_20.

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AbstractThis chapter describes key trends in boreal forest governance in the twenty-first century and implications for the engagement of local and Indigenous communities. By focusing on three global trends—internationalization, marketization, and decentralization—we highlight the evolving role of local and Indigenous communities in increasingly hybrid and multiscale governance arrangements. We present two case studies, community forests in Canada and Sami–industry collaborative planning in Sweden, to analyze the qualities of local governance initiatives and how they seek to transform conventional approaches to economic development and land-use practices according to the values and priorities of local and Indigenous communities.
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Zeng, Yi-Chong, Si-Yao Lin, Yi-Ping Shih y Hong-Yuan Mark Liao. "Intensity Flicker Removal in Digitized Old Films Using Global-Local Histogram Transform". En Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - PCM 2009, 45–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10467-1_3.

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Yahara, Tetsukazu, Wataru Tanaka, Yukako Inoue, Jounghun Lee, Kun Qian, Firouzeh Javadi, Nariaki Onda et al. "Decision Science for Future Earth: A Conceptual Framework". En Decision Science for Future Earth, 3–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8632-3_1.

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AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to review progress in our understanding of human behavior and decision-making relevant to future earth research agenda, and propose Decision Science as a hub of knowledge networks connecting disciplinary and interdisciplinary sciences with the practice of problem-solving. This review is composed of four sections. First, we describe the conceptual framework of “decision science for a sustainable society” and argue that evolutionary biology of the human nature is key to construct this framework. Second, we review how our group decision-making often fails due to various cognitive biases and argue that participatory approaches of co-design and co-production do not guarantee reasonable decision-making. Third, we review success stories of problem-solving in local communities and consider how we can connect those successes in local communities to successful national and global decision-making. Fourth, learning from both failures and successes, we argue that the adaptive learning of society is a process enabling us to transform our society toward a sustainable future. We review some positive global trends toward sustainability and consider the cognitive processes and behavioral mechanisms behind those trends that would provide clues for finding successful ways to transform our society.
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Lippi, Andrea y Theodore N. Tsekos. "Importing or Constructing Austerity? Global Reforms and Local Implementation as a Case of Policy Transfer". En Local Public Services in Times of Austerity across Mediterranean Europe, 25–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76225-8_2.

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Kuhn, Caroline, Judith Pete y Juliana Elisa Raffaghelli. "21. Critical data literacies for good". En Higher Education for Good, 491–508. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0363.21.

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This chapter offers an illustrative and generative example of a local social and pedagogical problem in a Global South context –students’ engagement with open data for coming up with a climate change solution– to reflect on the importance of understanding the nuance and complex nature of data literacy to transform different aspects of their social reality. This, in turn, opens up a discussion about how and why understanding the complexity of critical data literacy is the foundation of HE for Good.
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Fredman, Pam. "To Cohere and Act as One: IAU—The Global Voice of Higher Education". En The Promise of Higher Education, 11–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67245-4_2.

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AbstractKnowledge and knowledge development have always been essential for the survival and continuing development of humankind. As part of the human condition, people have always adapted to the particularities of local environments which in turn are influenced by global conditions and changes, such as climate change, disease, and armed conflict, among others. Knowledge has, throughout human history, been shared and transferred, and with time ever more extensively across regions and national borders. The basic idea that knowledge has no borders has always been and needs to continue to be a guiding light for higher education (HE). International mobility is part of this knowledge transfer and exchange as it augments our understanding of cultural, structural, and financial differences in the world, which must be considered collectively as our shared global responsibility for sustainable social development. These, as well as other perspectives, will be addressed in the following lines.
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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Transfert local-Global"

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Alizadeh, Mehrzad, Patcharawat Charoen-amornkitt, Takahiro Suzuki y Shohji Tsushima. "ANALYSIS OF LOCAL-GLOBAL ENTROPY GENERATION IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM". En International Heat Transfer Conference 17. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc17.440-20.

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Schröder, Ilse, Ed De Jonge, Erik Mooij y Frank Evers. "Global challenges, local impact". En CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10564.

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In 2015, the UN set 17 global goals, the so-called Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for the year 2030, “a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity”. Although these challenges are global, their impact manifests itself on a local level. An inspiring challenge for HU UAS Utrecht is to educate self-confident (upcoming) professionals who contribute to the realization of these global goals by creating local impact. In our opinion such professionals are socially involved, cope with complexity, think systemic and work trans-disciplinary. Furthermore, they ‘mix and match’ personal, societal and professional development, which will not be confined to formal education but lasts a lifetime. This complex challenge forges us to transform our thinking about education and how to organize learning, and about how, where and with whom we educate. UAS’s will have to cooperate with private, public and research partners and create communities in which all participants work, learn and develop themselves while facing new challenges.
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Jing, Yuchao, Guoquan Jiang, Zhanqiang Huo, Yijiang Wang y Lili Wu. "Global-Local Feature Alignment Loss for Photorealistic Style Transfer". En ICNCC 2022: 2022 The 11th International Conference on Networks, Communication and Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3579895.3579909.

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Si, YuHang y Dongzhi He. "Image style transfer based on local matching and global alignment". En 2023 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Information Technology, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (ICIBA). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciba56860.2023.10165611.

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Yadav, N. y T. Srivastava. "Local and global tomographic image reconstruction with discrete radon transform". En 2013 International Conference on Signal Processing, Image Processing, and Pattern Recognition (ICSIPR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsipr.2013.6497952.

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Wu, Xiaobo, Xuefeng Liu y Jiong Wang. "Global Manufacturing Network, Knowledge Transfer and Implication for Chinese Local Firms". En 2006 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmit.2006.262378.

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Wu, Xinxiao y Jialu Chen. "Preserving Global and Local Temporal Consistency for Arbitrary Video Style Transfer". En MM '20: The 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3394171.3413872.

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Heid, G. "Hydraulic Simulation of a Ramjet Combustion Chamber: An Optical Method for Local Equivalence Ratios Measurements and Comparison With a CFD Code". En ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56084.

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Hydraulic simulation is a very useful tool to predict global performances of ramjet combustion chambers and optical techniques can give a lot of information concerning the structure of the flow. Until recently, in the special case of combustion chambers, an optical method, called “global colorimetry” was used in order to obtain a global repartition of equivalence ratios and to predict combustion efficiency. Even if this method is powerful and predictive, it only gives global results. On the other hand, CFD codes give local results on a mesh and need local measurements to be validated. That is the reason why a new optical method, called “local colorimetry” has been developed with a two lateral inlet ramjet research chamber specifically designed for being installed on a hydraulic test rig in order to obtain an experimental database to validate numerical codes. Visualizations are shown and the optical method using laser tomography, LIF and digital acquisition and processing is explained. Experimental procedures are detailed and results concerning local air and fuel flow rates, and local equivalence ratios or mixture fuel/air ratios are analyzed. In addition, an ONERA CFED code is presented and the calculated results are compared with experimental data. Then, recent developments and prospects of the method are presented.
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Wink, Martin, Detlev Marpe y Thomas Wiegand. "Global and local rate-distortion optimization for Lapped Biorthogonal Transform coding". En 2010 17th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip.2010.5650962.

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Chadha, Aman R., Pallavi P. Vaidya y M. Mani Roja. "Face recognition using discrete cosine transform for global and local features". En 2011 International Conference on Recent Advancements in Electrical, Electronics and Control Engineering (ICONRAEeCE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconraeece.2011.6129742.

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Informes sobre el tema "Transfert local-Global"

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Zambrano, Omar, Denisse Laos y Marcos Robles. Global boom, local impacts: Mining revenues and subnational outcomes in Peru 2007-2011. Inter-American Development Bank, mayo de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011633.

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The relationship between the abundance of natural resources and socio-economic performance has been a main object of study in the economic development field since Adam Smith. Dominated by the verification of the so called curse of natural resource, the mainstream literature on the topic has been mostly on the study of cross sectional data at the national level, with limited empirical use of exogenous differences in the abundance of natural resources at the subnational level. We explore the case of Peru, a mining-rich middle income country where -exploiting a unique data set constructed for this purpose- we are able to assess systematic differences in district-level welfare outcomes between mining and non-mining districts. We find evidence that the condition of being mining-abundant district have a significant impact on the pace of reduction of poverty rates and inequality levels. We also estimate a heterogeneous response to the mining-abundant condition, finding stronger responses in lower-poverty, higher-inequality districts. Finally, we find a trend suggesting incremental positive marginal effects of the level of exposure to mining transfer, as proxy for the degree of abundance of mining activities, on the reduction of poverty and inequality.
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Lindner, André, Jürgen Stamm, Edeltraud Günther, Mukand Babel, Hasmik Barseghyan y Kensuke Fukushi Titel. Water security and climate change adaptation as local challenges with global importance – addressing the gap between knowledge generation and best practice application. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2023.117.

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The communication of naturally complex issues like climate change, tipping points, socio-ecological systems, and their interaction with the hydrological cycle and water security is equally important as it is challenging. Beyond the complexity, the long-term and often delayed characteristics furthermore do not match with either political election cycles or quarterly business reports. Academic institutions are at the forefront to assess, reveal and understand such complex systems, but certainly more engagement is needed to effectively transfer the most urgent derivations in practice and policy on the one hand, but also invest into a continuing effort in creating a general understanding and susceptibility to crucial stakeholders of those characteristics on the other. Transformative interaction, and hence closing the gap between knowledge generation and best practice application needs to be eased down to an implementable level, but without any oversimplification. A prerequisite for such an approach in successful multilateral cooperation would be a common baseline – a mutual Water Culture among all stakeholders when addressing water security with meaningful climate adaptation measures.
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Kedzierski, Mark A. y Donggyu Kang. Horizontal convective boiling of R1234yf, R134a, and R450A within a micro-fin tube :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), agosto de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.tn.1966.

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This report presents local convective boiling heat transfer and Fanning friction factor measurements in a micro-fin tube for R134a and two possible low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant replacements for R134a: R1234yf and R450A. Test section heating was achieved with water in either counterflow or in parallel flow with the test refrigerant to provide for a range of heat fluxes for each thermodynamic quality. An existing correlation from the literature for single and multi-component mixtures was shown to not satisfactorily predict the convective boiling measurements for flow qualities greater than 40 %. Accordingly, a new correlation was developed specifically for the test fluids of this study so that a fair comparison of the heat transfer performance of the low GWP refrigerants to that of R134a could be made. The new correlation was used to compare the heat transfer coefficient of the three test fluids at the same heat flux, saturated refrigerant temperature, and refrigerant mass flux. The resulting example comparison, for the same operating conditions, showed that the heat transfer coefficient of the multi-component R450A and the single-component R1234yf were, on average, 15 % less and 5 % less, respectively, than that of the single-component R134a. Friction factor measurements were also compared to predictions from an existing correlation. A new correlation for the friction factor was developed to provide a more accurate prediction. The measurements and the new models are important for the evaluation of potential low-GWP refrigerants replacements for R134a.
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Gayá, Romina, Rodrigo Wagner, Eric Warner, Evan Ellis, Rhys Jenkins, Eduardo Bianchi, Gary Gereffi et al. Integration & Trade Journal: No. 40: June, 2016. Inter-American Development Bank, junio de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008303.

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How to build a convergence within the diversity of integrationist experiences? How can global efforts converge with regional and national realities through a glocal (global + local) governance that supports a productive integration and generates sustainable jobs? In this context of new challenges, Latin America must face the transformation of the Chinese economic model. After years of keeping prices of raw materials high, an exponential growth and an active investment policy in the region, Chinese economy grows at a slower rate, shows greater financial volatility, and shifts the focus from production to consumption. How will this metamorphosis impact on Latin-American development? What are the ways to overcome the stage of mere exchange of commodities for industrial products? How to move forward to a technology transfer that fosters innovation and facilitates export diversification? World-class authors, diplomats, negotiators, academics and private sector representatives analyze here the outlook of the linkage with the Asian giant. From an interdisciplinary approach, the Institute for the Integration of Latin America and the Caribbean (INTAL), a unit of the Department of Integration and Trade of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), makes through this volume a contribution to building a regional agenda to jointly address the questions of the current scenario.
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Taucher, Jan y Markus Schartau. Report on parameterizing seasonal response patterns in primary- and net community production to ocean alkalinization. OceanNETs, noviembre de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d5.2.

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We applied a 1-D plankton ecosystem-biogeochemical model to assess the impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) on seasonal changes in biogeochemistry and plankton dynamics. Depending on deployment scenarios, OAE should theoretically have variable effects on pH and seawater pCO2, which might in turn affect (a) plankton growth conditions and (b) the efficiency of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) via OAE. Thus, a major focus of our work is how different magnitudes and temporal frequencies of OAE might affect seasonal response patterns of net primary productivity (NPP), ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycling. With our study we aimed at identifying a parameterization of how magnitude and frequency of OAE affect net growth rates, so that these effects could be employed for Earth System Modell applications. So far we learned that a meaningful response parameterization has to resolve positive and negative anomalies that covary with temporal shifts. As to the intricacy of the response patterns, the derivation of such parameterization is work in progress. However, our study readily provides valuable insights to how OAE can alter plankton dynamics and biogeochemistry. Our modelling study first focuses at a local site where time series data are available (European Station for Time series in the Ocean Canary Islands ESTOC), including measurements of pH, concentrations of total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), chlorophyll-a and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). These observational data were made available by Andres Cianca (personal communication, PLOCAN, Spain), Melchor Gonzalez and Magdalena Santana Casiano (personal communication, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria). The choice of this location was underpinned by the fact that the first OAE mesocosm experiment was conducted on the Canary Island Gran Canaria, which will facilitate synthesizing our modelling approach with experimental findings. For our simulations at the ESTOC site in the Subtropical North Atlantic we found distinct, non-linear responses of NPP to different temporal modes of alkalinity deployment. In particular, phytoplankton bloom patterns displayed pronounced temporal phase shifts and changes in their amplitude. Notably, our simulations suggest that OAE can have a slightly stimulating effect on NPP, which is however variable, depending on the magnitude of OAE and the temporal mode of alkalinity addition. Furthermore, we find that increasing alkalinity perturbations can lead to a shift in phytoplankton community composition (towards coccolithophores), which even persists after OAE has stopped. In terms of CDR, we found that a decrease in efficiency with increasing magnitude of alkalinity addition, as well as substantial differences related to the timing of addition. Altogether, our results suggest that annual OAE during the right season (i.e. physical and biological conditions), could be a reasonable compromise in terms of logistical feasibility, efficiency of CDR and side-effects on marine biota. With respect to transferability to global models, the complex, non-linear responses of biological processes to OAE identified in our simulations do not allow for simple parameterizations that can easily adapted. Dedicated future work is required to transfer the observed responses at small spatiotemporal scales to the coarser resolution of global models.
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Mayfield, Colin. Higher Education in the Water Sector: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, mayo de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/guxy9244.

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Higher education related to water is a critical component of capacity development necessary to support countries’ progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) overall, and towards the SDG6 water and sanitation goal in particular. Although the precise number is unknown, there are at least 28,000 higher education institutions in the world. The actual number is likely higher and constantly changing. Water education programmes are very diverse and complex and can include components of engineering, biology, chemistry, physics, hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, geography, earth sciences, public health, sociology, law, and political sciences, to mention a few areas. In addition, various levels of qualifications are offered, ranging from certificate, diploma, baccalaureate, to the master’s and doctorate (or equivalent) levels. The percentage of universities offering programmes in ‘water’ ranges from 40% in the USA and Europe to 1% in subSaharan Africa. There are no specific data sets available for the extent or quality of teaching ‘water’ in universities. Consequently, insights on this have to be drawn or inferred from data sources on overall research and teaching excellence such as Scopus, the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, the Times Higher Education, the Ranking Web of Universities, the Our World in Data website and the UN Statistics Division data. Using a combination of measures of research excellence in water resources and related topics, and overall rankings of university teaching excellence, universities with representation in both categories were identified. Very few universities are represented in both categories. Countries that have at least three universities in the list of the top 50 include USA, Australia, China, UK, Netherlands and Canada. There are universities that have excellent reputations for both teaching excellence and for excellent and diverse research activities in water-related topics. They are mainly in the USA, Europe, Australia and China. Other universities scored well on research in water resources but did not in teaching excellence. The approach proposed in this report has potential to guide the development of comprehensive programmes in water. No specific comparative data on the quality of teaching in water-related topics has been identified. This report further shows the variety of pathways which most water education programmes are associated with or built in – through science, technology and engineering post-secondary and professional education systems. The multitude of possible institutions and pathways to acquire a qualification in water means that a better ‘roadmap’ is needed to chart the programmes. A global database with details on programme curricula, qualifications offered, duration, prerequisites, cost, transfer opportunities and other programme parameters would be ideal for this purpose, showing country-level, regional and global search capabilities. Cooperation between institutions in preparing or presenting water programmes is currently rather limited. Regional consortia of institutions may facilitate cooperation. A similar process could be used for technical and vocational education and training, although a more local approach would be better since conditions, regulations and technologies vary between relatively small areas. Finally, this report examines various factors affecting the future availability of water professionals. This includes the availability of suitable education and training programmes, choices that students make to pursue different areas of study, employment prospects, increasing gender equity, costs of education, and students’ and graduates’ mobility, especially between developing and developed countries. This report aims to inform and open a conversation with educators and administrators in higher education especially those engaged in water education or preparing to enter that field. It will also benefit students intending to enter the water resources field, professionals seeking an overview of educational activities for continuing education on water and government officials and politicians responsible for educational activities
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Integrated Design Optimization for Long Span Steel Transfer Truss at Redevelopment of Hong Kong Kwong Wah Hospital. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, agosto de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.365.

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Long-span steel trusses are increasingly used in high-rise buildings to replace reinforced concrete thick transfer plate due to light weight and high load-bearing capacity. To support multi-stories above the steel transfer truss, a comprehensive method based on second-order direct analysis method has been applied for optimization design of long-span steel transfer truss in the Redevelopment of Hong Kong Kwong Wah Hospital (KWH) – Phase 1. In the project, a 35m long-span steel transfer truss is adopted at the 3rd to 5th floors to support the above 15-story reinforced concrete structure. Innovative technologies such as the integrated global and local optimization, the integrated design and construction have been explored and made to achieve better uniformity and harmony in structure. In particular, twin trusses with better structural performance, less fabrication cost and ease of constructability are studied and finally adopted in main trusses to replace original single trusses. The optimal scheme has brought both cost and time saving in fabrication, construction, operation and maintenance stages.
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Financial Infrastructure Report 2023. Banco de la República, diciembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2023.

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Introduction The Financial Infrastructure Report is a product of Banco de la República’s (Banrep) continuous efforts to scrutinize financial market infrastructures (FMIs) in Colombia, besides being a contribution to analyzing and monitoring the country’s financial stability. If FMIs are not managed properly, they can pose significant risks to the financial system and be a possible source of contagion, especially in periods of market stress. The domestic financial infrastructure during 2022 was safe and efficient, allowing the payment system and financial markets to operate normally, which lent stability and confidence to its participants. This 2023 edition of the Report includes analysis on the mitigation of intraday liquidity risk in the large-value payment system (CUD), as well as credit and liquidity risk based on countercyclical practices for the management of initial and variation margins in the Cámara de Riesgo Central de Contraparte S.A. (CRCC). In addition, the Report addresses two topics that are at the center of international debate. The first deals with cyber risk, an issue that cuts across the entire domestic financial infrastructure. It is considered one of the most relevant risks; therefore, its effective management has been the focus of recommendations by multilateral organizations. On this occasion, a section is included that outlines these recommendations and focuses on highlights in local progress towards achieving substantial levels of cyber resilience in the Colombian payment system. It is worth noting that Banco de la República is moving forward with a research agenda to quantify the impact instances of cyber risk could have on the payment system and on financial stability. The second topic addresses the need to analyze the adoption of special frameworks for orderly settlement on the part of central counterparties (CCPs), so as to mitigate systemic risk, recognizing the role these types of entities play in the development of markets and financial stability, as well as their essential contribution to mitigating counterparty and liquidity risks. As for retail payments, the use of electronic payment instruments rose significantly in value during 2022 compared to 2021. Transactional data shows the increase in the use of electronic transfers, both intra- and interbank, was particularly important, having become an object of greater innovation, as evidenced, for example, by the use of mobile wallets. Although the adoption for electronic transfers and debit and credit cards has increased in Colombia over the last ten years, compared to other economies, the country still has low levels in this respect. According to the most recent survey on perception of the use of payment instruments conducted by Banrep (2022), cash continues to be the instrument most used by Colombians for regular payments involving small amounts. This points to an important area for increasing the adoption of digital payments, which would materialize with implementation of the different initiatives the industry and the financial authorities (Ministry of Finance-URF, the Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia and Banco de la República) are carrying out to develop the instant payments ecosystem. On the other hand, analyses of the risks associated with crypto assets, which are understood as alternatives to the regulated assets in the traditional financial system, but traded in an unregulated digital environment, are also relevant. In this respect, the Report looks at the potential risks that could arise from the added adoption of stablecoins in economies, specifically in a global context where authorities are studying possibilities for using different mechanisms to contain the risks inherent in crypto assets. The third section of the Report deals with aspects such as smart contracts and programmable money, which are innovations that could be considered in an eventual issue of digital currencies by central banks. In keeping with the previous editions of this Report on matters related to central bank digital currencies (CBDC), this edition explains how these two technological functionalities could accompany the design of a retail CBDC, as well as some of the risks that should be considered. Also addressed in this section is the topic of standardized messaging, which is a trend in the field of payments. Reference is made to the United Kingdom’s experience with the adoption of standardized messaging, and its contributions to interoperability.
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