Tesis sobre el tema "Transfert de Lipides"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Transfert de Lipides".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Réthoré, Gildas. "Analogues de lipides membranaires d'archaebacéries : nouveaux vecteurs synthétiques pour le transfert de gènes". Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S093.
Texto completoCharvolin, Delphine. "Études structurales des protéines de transfert de lipides du mais et du blé : caractérisation de l'interaction entre protéine et lipide". Grenoble 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10008.
Texto completoBoulanger, Caroline. "Nouveaux lipides fluorés et conjugués acridine-peptide de localisation nucléaire pour le transfert de gènes". Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4017.
Texto completoThe present work is about the synthesis and evaluation of new fluorinated lipids and acridine-nuclear localisation signal (NLS) for gene transfer. Indeed, in order to increase the performances of synthetic vectors, two kinds of molecules have been developed. The first one regroups fluorinated analogs of the synthetic gene carriers agents GAP-DLRIE and DOSPA and of the “helper”lipid DOPE. The presence of the fluorinated tails increases the hydrophobicity and confers lipophobicity to the lipoplexes their form. So, their stability and resistance in aggressive biological medium (for example pulmonary surfactant). The second family is made of acridine-linker-NLS conjugates to improve the nuclear import in gene transfer using synthetic vectors
Jemaiel, Aymen. "Etude du trafic membranaire vésiculaire et non-vésiculaire chez la levure". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112348/document.
Texto completoEukaryotic cells are characterized by their internal membrane compartmentalization, with the various specialized organelles of the cell bounded by lipid membranes. Communication between different cellular compartments occurs via two transport pathways: vesicular transport and non-vesicular transport. Vesicular transport carries both proteins and lipids from one compartment to another in cells, whereas non-vesicular transport carries only lipids. An emerging idea is the important role that lipids play in cellular organization. Lipid binding amphipathic helices such as the ALPS (amphipathic lipid packing sensor) motif are targeted to membranes of a specific lipid composition, and hence act to transfer information encoded in membrane lipids to the vesicle trafficking machinery. The lipid composition of the membranes of different organelles is therefore of great importance. One mechanism that cells use to maintain the distinct lipid compositions of organelles is lipid transport, which occurs preferentially at membrane contact sites (MCS). MCS are regions of close appositions, on the order of 10 to 30 nm, between two membranes, generally between the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and another organelle. In my thesis, I addressed two aspects of how lipids and their transport function in intracellular trafficking, using yeast as a model system. First, I studied amphipathic motifs that mediate targeting of proteins to specific compartments in cells. Lipid binding amphipathic helices were shown in a previous study in the laboratory to mediate specific targeting to distinct lipid environments via direct protein-lipid interactions, both in vitro and in cells. One of these, the ALPS motif, targets vesicles of the early secretory pathway. The other, alpha-synuclein, targets vesicles travelling between the late Golgi, the plasma membrane and endosomes. I studied new potential alpha-synuclein-like motifs in yeast proteins, and their roles in cells. In a second project, in collaboration with the laboratory of Dr. Thierry Galli, I studied new compenents involved in lipid metabolism at contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. Maja Petkovic in the laboratory of Thierry Galli made the important discovery that the ER-localized SNARE protein Sec22 interacts with a plasma membrane syntaxin in neurons, thus providing a novel mechanism for mediating close contact between these two membranes. I addressed the question of whether this mechanism is conserved in yeast. The results I obtained confirmed that yeast Sec22 is able to interact with a SNARE protein localized to the plasma membrane, Sso1. I found by co-immunoprecitation that Sec22 and Sso1 both interact with lipid transfer proteins localized to ER-plasma membrane contact sites. Using a specific probe for phosphatidylinositol-4 phosphate (PI4P), we showed that Sec22 was involved in regulating the level of PI4P at the plasma membrane. These results extend to yeast those obtained by Maja Petkovic, Thierry Galli and colleauges showing that Sec22 has a novel role at ER-plasma membrane contact sites, and suggest that this SNARE complex might be implicated in lipid transfer at these sites in yeast
Borges, Jean-Philippe. "Caractérisation structurale et immunologique d'allergènes alimentaires : les protéines de transfert de lipides de fruits". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/209/.
Texto completoNon-specific Lipid Transfer Proteins (nsLTP) share, on their molecular surface, some IgE-binding areas responsible for their allergenicity. Analyzing the conformation of these epitopes is an important step for understanding the molecular basis of the allergic reaction. IgE-binding epitopes of nsLTP from plants were predicted using a combination of predictive tools and subsequently characterized by biochemical and immunological approaches using IgE from allergic patients. Consensus epitopic regions responsible for some IgE-binding cross-reactivity among different Rosaceae fruits were identified by epitope mapping and conformational analysis. The localization and distribution of nsLTP allergens in the skin and pulp of different fruits has been investigated. NsLTP essentially concentrate as surface allergens in the pericarp of the fruits whereas the pulp contains lower amounts of allergens. NsLTP from apple and peach were produced as correctly-folded and reactive recombinant allergens, usable as standardized allergens for diagnosis and immunotherapy purposes
Belmadi, Nawal. "Développement, formulation et biodistribution de vecteurs synthétiques pour le transfert de gènes dans le cadre de la thérapie génique de la mucoviscidose". Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0093/document.
Texto completoCystic fibrosis is a monogenic disease characterized by mutations occurring at the CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) gene. The clonining in 1989 of the CFTR gene has enabled to consider treating this disease by gene therapy. This consists of transferring a normal version of the CFTR gene in the affected patients’ cells, using a vector. Due to the severity of pulmonary complications, it is obvious that the respiratory epithelium constitutes the target tissue for the gene transfer. The principle of gene therapy is indeed very attractive and a number of clinical trials have already been made. Gene therapy requires vectorization tools that are efficient and compatible with repeated clinical use.My thesis has focused on the development, biodistribution and optimization of synthetic vectors (cationic lipids) for gene transfer in the respiratory epithelium. During my work, we were able to develop useful fluorescent KLN47 lipophosphoramidates for in vivo biodistribution studies. Compared to non fluorescent KLN47, these new compounds exhibit the same physicochemical properties: a relatively small size and a positive zeta potential. On cell lines, we found that the new formulations were as effective as the KLN47, with little or no toxicity. Then, in animal models, the biodistribution profiles of pegylated and non-pegylated lipoplexes were compared after systemic injection. The biodistribution profiles of pegylated and non-pegylated lipoplexes were similar. However, the pegylation of the complex resulted in prolonged circulation in the bloodstream, whereas transgene expression (luciferase) was equivalent in both cases. In addition, luciferase activity was similar to that obtained with the non-fluorescent KLN47. We have demonstrated that the addition of fluorescent lipid probes in the liposomal solution KLN47, does not change its physicochemical and transfectant properties. The overall results show that we have promising tools for in vivo biodistribution studies. Other molecules have also been tested successfully
Dieryck, Wilfrid. "ETUDE DES GENES CODANT POUR LES PROTEINES DE TRANSFERT DE LIPIDES DE 9 ET 7 kDa DE BLE DUR. PRODUCTION DE LA PROTEINE DE TRANSFERT DE LIPIDES DE 9 kDa DANS E. COLI". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF21504.
Texto completoAverlant-Petit, Marie-Christine. "Etude par rmn 2d de la structure tridimensionnelle en solution aqueuse, de proteines de transfert de lipides, et de leurs interactions avec les lipides". Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066424.
Texto completoArondel, Vincent. "Les proteines de transfert de lipides chez les vegetaux superieurs : purification, biosynthese, caracterisation d'adn complementaire". Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066543.
Texto completoJacq, Adélaïde. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle d'AtLTP2, une protéine de transfert de lipides impliquée dans le contrôle de l'intégrité de la cuticule chez Arabidopsis thaliana". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30316.
Texto completoThe cuticle is a hydrophobic layer that covers the surface of the aerial organs of land plants. The cuticle plays numerous roles in plants from resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses to several developmental processes. Although the understanding of the biosynthesis of cuticle has considerably increased last years, the mechanisms underlying the transport of cuticular lipids through the cell wall and their assembly within the cuticle have been poorly characterized. nsLTPs (non-specific Lipid Transfer Proteins) are encoded by a multigenic family in A. thaliana and are involved in several biological processes. Among the different roles proposed for nsLTPs, it has long been suggested that they could transport cuticular precursor across the cell wall and then could contribute to the cuticle formation, despite the absence of formal evidence for individual members. Here we took advantage of the A. thaliana etiolated hypocotyls model to characterize the biological function of AtLTP2. Indeed, AtLTP2 was found to be abundant and the unique nsLTP member in the cell wall proteome of etiolated hypocotyls. We have first confirmed the high level of AtLTP2 expression during the young developmental stages of etiolated seedlings that was restricted to the epidermal cells of aerial organs, that are covered by the cuticle. In agreement with the cell wall localization determined by previous proteomic studies, we localized AtLTP2 fused to a fluorescent marker to the cell wall, but also and surprisingly to the plastids. This remarkable dual localization in the cell wall and plastids was never described before for a nsLTP. Furthermore, the mechanism of AtLTP2 transport to the plastids was particularly original because AtLTP2 can first undergo import into the ER/ secretory pathway and then sorting to the cell wall and the plastids. By studying the sub-cellular localization of truncated version of AtLTP2, we have shown that its tertiary conformation was crucial for the plastidial localization. By using reverse genetic approaches, we have shown that atltp2 mutants displayed a high increase in cuticle permeability strongly correlated with a deep modification of the ultra-structure at the cuticle-cell wall interface, while no changes in biochemical composition of the cuticle were detected. These results prompt us to suggest a novel structural role for AtLTP2. AtLTP2 could be involved in maintaining the accurate sealing between the hydrophobic cuticle and the hydrophilic underlying cell wall. Then, by preserving the integrity of the cuticle-cell wall interface, AtLTP2 could act on the barrier function of the cuticle limiting water loss. Interestingly, the dual localization to the cell wall and plastids suggested that other functions could be assigned to AtLTP2. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which AtLTP2 establish cell wall-cuticle homeostasis and the exact function of the dual targeting will be challenging tasks in the future to better identify the main actors of the formation of the cuticle
SOUFLERI, IOANNA. "Etude de l'expression des genes codant pour les proteines de transfert de lipides chez brassica napus". Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066210.
Texto completoFabio, Karine. "Nouveaux lipides galactosyles et détergents dimérisables pour la formulation de vecteurs synthétiques de transfert de genes". Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4104.
Texto completoDesbourdes, Céline. "Nucléoside diphosphate kinase D : une protéine mitochondriale bifonctionnelle". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV004/document.
Texto completoThe nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK) are essential for generation of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) using ATP and NDPs. The mitochondrial NDPK isoform (NDPK-D) located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space is found to have two modes of function. First, the phosphotransfer mode in which the protein has a kinase activity like other NDPK enzymes. In this mode, NDPK-D produces GTP for the optic atrophy 1 protein (OPA1), a GTPase involved in mitochondrial fusion, and ADP for the adenylate translocator (ANT) and the mitochondrial ATPase for ATP regeneration. The second mode of function is called lipid transfer and is related to the capacity of NDPK-D to bind anionic phospholipids, especially cardiolipin (CL). In this mode, the protein can cross-link the two mitochondrial membranes and transfer CL from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane, which can serve as a signal for mitophagy and apoptosis. This work aims to study these NDPK-D functions in more detail. With the use of HeLa cells stably expressing the wild-type, kinase inactive (H151N mutation) or lipid binding deficient (R90D mutation) NDPK-D and mouse lung epithelial cells, we show (i) the close proximity between NDPK-D and OPA1 that leads to GTP channeling from NDPK-D to OPA1, (ii) the essential role of NDPK-D for CL externalization to the mitochondrial surface during mitophagy, serving as a recognition signal for LC3-II-autophagosomes to eliminate damaged mitochondria, (iii) the possible inhibition of CL externalization due to the presence of NDPK-D/OPA1 complexes, and (iv) a pro-metastatic phenotype of HeLa cells expressing either of the NDPK-D mutants (H151N or R90D), characterized by high invasive and migratory potential, altered proteomic profile and changed mitochondrial network structure and function. Finally, a first bacterial expression and purification strategy for full-length OPA1 has been established for future in vitro studies of NDPK-D/OPA1 complexes
Elchebly, Mounib. "Transfert des lipides entre les lipoprotéines, chez les diabétiques non insulino-dépendants : influence des protéines de transfert et des propriétés physico-chimiques des lipoprotéines". Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1T025.
Texto completoTranchant, Isabelle. "Conception et synthèse de vecteurs non cationiques pour le transfert de gènes". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066356.
Texto completoGuyard, Valentin. "Régulation de la biogenèse des Gouttelettes Lipidiques aux sites de contacts membranaires Réticulum Endoplasmique-Mitochondrie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL062.
Texto completoEukaryotic cells possess the ability to store large amounts of neutral lipids in lipid droplets (LDs), specialized organelles composed of a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids. LDs are highly dynamic organelles that constantly remodel in response to metabolic changes, allowing cells to adapt to energy fluctuations. They arise from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at sites that are physically marked by seipin, an integral ER protein whose mutations result in lipodystrophies and neurological disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying LDs biogenesis and maintenance within the cell remain poorly understood. Also, where LDs originate from the ER is still unclear. My PhD studies contributed to uncover a crucial function of ER subdomains in contact with Mitochondria (known as Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAM), in the regulation of lipid droplet biogenesis, revealing a novel tripartite Mito-ER-LD junction. I have found that two lipid transfer proteins, ORP5 and ORP8, are recruited to MAM at early steps of LD biogenesis where they facilitate their formation, through their lipid transfer activity. Interestingly, I found that the MAM where ORP5 localizes are enriched in phosphatidic acid (PA), a lipid proposed to influence LD biogenesis. I uncovered a novel interaction between ORP5 and seipin, a major protein of LD biogenesis, regulating its localization to the Mito-ER-LD junction. My latest results suggest that ORP5/8 and seipin proteins could cooperate to regulate PA metabolism and that Mito-ER-LD contacts are important sites for lipid transfer and energy storage inside the cell
Gaucheron, Jérôme. "Synthèse et évaluation de nouveaux lipides comme composants de vecteurs non-viraux pour le transfert de gènes". Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5483.
Texto completoSturbois, Bénédicte. "Transfert vésiculaire des lipides chez Allium porrum L. : effet de la température in vivo, reconstitution in vitro, isolement des intermédiaires vésiculaires". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28416.
Texto completoMonnet, François-Paul. "Caractérisation d'une protéine de fixation de lipides du blé dur (purification, séquençage, ADN complémentaire) : relations aux protéines végétales de transfert de lipides et aux inhibiteurs d'amylase/trypsine des céréales". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20311.
Texto completoDA, SILVA Pedro. "ÉTUDE STRUCTURALE ET DYNAMIQUE PAR RÉSONANCE MAGNÉTIQUE NUCLÉAIRE, D'UNE PROTÉINE DE TRANSFERT DE LIPIDES ISOLÉE DANS LE TABAC". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009320.
Texto completoL'ensemble de ces travaux a permis d'identifier les acides aminés impliqués spécifiquement dans la fixation des lipides. Nous avons découvert que les propriétés remarquables de fixation des LTP1 sont liées non seulement à leur structure originale mais également à leur dynamique particulière.
Da, Silva Pedro. "Etude structurale et dynamique par résonance magnétique nucléaire, d'une protéine de transfert de lipides isolée dans le tabac". Orléans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ORLE2062.
Texto completoGallo, Alessandra. "Role of non-vesicular secretion in neuronal development". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/GALLO_Alessandra_va.pdf.
Texto completoThe growth of neurites during neuronal development requires a massive increase of surface area via the insertion of new proteins and lipids. This event occurs through the fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane (PM), the final step of the secretory pathway. Recently, non-vesicular transfer of lipids at contacts between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and PM was shown to contribute to membrane expansion. Members of the ER-integral membrane protein Extended-Synaptotagmin (E-Syt) family have been identified as Ca2+-dependent lipid transfer proteins at ER-PM contact sites, and shown to transfer glycerophospholipids via their lipid binding domains. The laboratory previously found that a novel ER-PM SNARE complex, composed of the ER-resident Sec22b and the neuronal plasmalemmal Stx1, is involved in neurite growth despite being unable to mediate membrane fusion. However, how this complex participates to neurite extension remained to be elucidated. In yeast, Sec22 interacts with lipid transfer proteins of the OSH family, enriched at the ER- PM contacts, supporting a role for Sec22b-populated ER- PM junctions in non-vesicular lipid transport between these bilayers. Based on these observations, our starting hypothesis was that E-Syts-mediated non-vesicular lipid transfer at Sec22b-populated ER-PM contacts, might contribute to neurite growth. The goal of my PhD was to explore this hypothesis with two specific questions: 1-What are the partners of Sec22b complexes which might be involved in the unconventional mechanisms of membrane expansion? 2-What is the mechanism whereby the non-fusogenic SNARE Sec22b/Stx1 complex acts in neuronal development?Here we show that Sec22b interacts with E-Syt2 and Stx1 in PC12 cells and with E-Syt2, E-Syt3 and Stx3 in HeLa cells. Overexpression of E-Syt2 stabilized Sec22b-Stx3 association, whereas silencing of E-Syt2 had the opposite effect. Overexpression of E-Syt2 full length, but not the mutant forms which are unable to transfer lipids or attach to the ER, increased the formation of filopodia particularly in the growing axon. Finally, this effect was inhibited by a clostridial neurotoxin cleaving Stx1, by the expression of Sec22b Longin domain and a by a Sec22b mutant with extended linker between SNARE and transmembrane domains.In conclusion, these results support the hypothesis that Sec22b/Stx1 junctions may contribute to membrane expansion via an interaction with phospholipid transfer proteins like E-Syts
Morillon, Valérie. "Etude des transferts d'eau au travers d'enrobages comestibles à base de lipides, à différentes températures". Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS071.
Texto completoMoulin, Philippe. "Modifications des lipoprotéines induites in vivo par la protéine de transfert des esters de cholestérol : études chez l'homme et les souris transgéniques". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1H259.
Texto completoMéjanelle, Laurence. "Transfert et degradation du carbone organique dans les eaux profondes : pigments et acides gras de differentes classes de lipides". Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066393.
Texto completoTALLEUX, REIDIBOYM LYDIA. "Embryogenese somatique chez le merisier (prunus avium l. ). Recherche de marqueurs lipidiques et d'une proteine de transfert des lipides". Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1127.
Texto completoVignols, Florence. "Etude de l'expression des genes codant pour les proteines de transfert de lipides chez le riz (oryza sativa l. )". Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066482.
Texto completoKandilian, Razmig. "Etude du couplage entre limitation azotée et transfert de lumière pour la production de lipides par microalgues en photobioréacteur". Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=d891c15e-e6c6-4aa1-8ef7-c9612ca8a2ab.
Texto completoMicroalgae are tipped as the feedstock for biodiesel production due to their ability to produce large amounts of triacylglycerols (TAGs) that can be converted to biodiesel. However, microalgae cultivation in photobioreactors (PBRs) typically suffers from low productivity due to light transfer limitations. To optimize microalgae growth rate and productivity, radiation transfer analysis should be performed and light availability in PBR must be optimized. The first part of this study deals with the determination of the radiation characteristics of photosynthetic microorganisms. First, the radiation characteristics of two microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Chlorella vulgaris were experimentally measured and theoretically predicted. Then, a new experimental method was developed to determine the absorption cross-section of the cells. The second part of the thesis focused on understanding how light absorption rate by the culture influences their TAG production rate. Microalgae were grown in nitrogen limited conditions in batch or continuous modes. Large TAG accumulation and productivity coincided with large rate of photon absorption suggesting that TAG production is limited by the light absorption rate in the PBR
Klein, Cécile. "Production de quatre isoformes de protéines de transfert de lipides du blé dans "Pichia pastoris". Expression des gènes codant ces protéines dans le blé". Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20065.
Texto completoTchobo, Fidèle Paul. "Caractérisation du beurre de Pentadesma butyracea Sabine : fonctionnalisation des triacylglycérols par transfert acyle sélectif en biocatalyse". Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20022.
Texto completoLe, Bihan Olivier. "Etude par microscopie électronique des mécanismes d'action de vecteurs synthétiques pour le transfert de gènes". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13972/document.
Texto completoThe vast majority of clinical trials of gene transfer in vivo use viral vectors. Although they are effective, they induce immunogenic, toxic or mutagenic risks. Due to their high modularity and low toxicity, synthetic vectors (non viral), represent a promising alternative despite their lack of effectiveness. The major objective of this work was to understand the mechanism of gene transfer using two prototypic synthetic vectors, in the context of a rational design of new vectors. We studied on cultured cells, the mechanism of action of two cationic lipids; BGTC (bis(guanidinium)-tren-cholesterol) and DOSP (DiOleylamine A-Succinyl-Paromomycine) formulated with plasmid DNA (lipoplexes) which are in vitro efficient vectors. We have been able to visualize by electron microscopy, their intracellular pathways, their structural alterations and their endosomal escape, the latter being a key step in the process of gene transfer. The unambiguous identification of lipoplexes throughout their intracellular trafficking has been made possible thanks to the labelling of DNA by core-shell silica nanoparticles with an electron dense maghemite core (Fe2O3). The labeling strategy has also been applied to study the mechanism of action of a nonionic block copolymer (P188 or Lutrol). Interestingly, these synthetic vectors have an in vivo transfection efficiency in mice lung and muscle tissue while they are totally inefficient in vitro. We have shown that Lutrol induces an increase of DNA internalization into cells and fails to trigger endosomal escape, which would explain the lack of in vitro efficacy. These findings suggest that the in vivo mechanism of action of Lutrol would involve other internalization pathways
Lopez-Montero, Ivan. "Translocation de lipides non marqués mesurée par changements de forme de vésicules géantes : le cas de la céramide". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077189.
Texto completoA 0. 1% of surface asymmetry between both monolayers of giant vesicles (GUVs) suffices to trigger shape changes in vesicles. The incorporation of exogenous molecules to the external leaflet of vesicles produces a shape change from prolate to pear that is reversed when the molecules redistribute in both monolayers, by transmembrane diffusion (flip-flop). The spontaneous flip-flop half-time of unlabelled molecules can be inferred by measuring the time of both shape transitions. A half-time for unlabeled ceramide (C6-Cer, C10-Cer, C16-Cer) flip-flop below 1 min at 37°C was measured. The method was validated by spectroscopic measures (EPR) of labelled ceramide flip-flop in LUVs. Shape changes in vesicles can also be used to detect the flip-flop of endogenous lipid by the action of a flippase protein. A purified P-gP and the Aminophospholipid Translocase were reconstituted into GUVs. The protein activation by the addition of external ATP produced vesicle shape changes according to an active lipid transport
Viens, Laurence. "Effet des activités de transfert des lipides et d'hydrolyse des triglycérides sur la composition lipidique, la structure et l'oxydabilité des LDL". Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOMU09.
Texto completoBuhot, Nathalie. "Rôle des élicitines et des protéines de transfert de lipides dans l'induction de la résistance des plantes à leurs agents pathogènes". Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS018.
Texto completoElicitins are lipid transfer proteins secreted by Phytophthora and Pythium which are able to induce plant defense response. This induction is consecutive to the elicitin fixation on high affinity sites located on the plasmalemma membrane. LTPs are secreted plant proteins which are displaying some analogies with elicitins. Wheat and tobacco LTP1 share the same receptor than cryptogein but on the contrary of wheat LTP1, tobacco LTP1 has a biological activity. It is able to induce plant defence mechanisms. The research of natural ligand for this LTP1 led us to find that jasmonate can be a potential ligand and that the complex LTP1-jasmonate induces protection against P. Parasitica. Oligandrin, a pythin secreted by P. Oligandrum protects tobacco and tomato against their respective pathogens but it is not able to trigger necrosis. Enzymes implicated in the necrosis mechanisms are induced and functional but there is no production of hydroperoxydes. It suggests an inhibition of their production
GOMAR, JEROME. "Structure et activite des proteines de transfert de lipides (ltp) : modelisation sur la base de donnees rmn et modelisation par homologie". Orléans, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ORLE2065.
Texto completoPato, Christine. "Encapsulation de molécules amphiphiles par une protéine de transfert de lipides, la LTP1 de blé : applications technologiques dans le domaine pharmaceutique". Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12424.
Texto completoMoreau, Patrick. "Etude in vivo du transfert intermembranaire des lipides et des AGTC à la membrane plasmique de plantules étiolées d'Allium porrum L". Bordeaux 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR22006.
Texto completoMoreau, Patrick. "Etude in vivo du transfert intermembranaire des lipides et des AGTLC à la membrane plasmique de plantules étiolées d'Allium porrum L". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599755f.
Texto completoMercenne, Frédéric. "Influence de la composition des lipoproteines de haute densite sur les echanges de lipides avec les lipoproteines de tres basse densite en presence de cetp in vitro". Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOPE03.
Texto completoDelépine, Pascal. "Étude des voies d'administration et du devenir in vivo de vecteurs synthétiques pour le transfert de gènes : application à la mucoviscidose". Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES3103.
Texto completoCystic Fibrosis, the most common lethal genetic disease in Caucasian populations, is characterized by its great genotypic and phenotypic variability. This disease mainly affects both digestive and pulmonary functions, and the progressive respiratory degradation ultimately leads to death. Although many therapeutic strategies have emerged for the past decade, efficient treatments to cure permanently this disease are not available yet. Preventing the genetic defect would be the ideal way to achieve this goal. Since the CFTR gene, responsible for the disease was identified in 1989, gene therapy has become the major hope for CF patients. Many gene vectors, such as adenoviral-derived vectors and synthetic reagents have been evaluated to deliver therapeutic genes to the airways and numerous clinical trials have been initiated to assess both their safety and efficacy. Professor Férec, in Brest, has decided to penetrate this field by testing and developing a new family of cationic lipids for gene transfer to the lungs. Biodistribution of these reagents as well as kinetics of expression of the reporter genes were studied in vivo in mice following different ways of administration by various techniques, including imaging-based systems. Although we and others have collected a broad range of data including parameters influencing transfection efficiency and tissue targeting, a long and hard work is still to be done before gene therapy strategies can be routinely used as a common treatment to cure the CF disease
Rogier-Floch, Virginie. "Etude de nouveaux vecteurs de synthèse de type lipides cationiques pour la transfection de cellules eucaryotes : application aux cellules souches hématopoi͏̈étiques (doctorat : sciences de la vie et de la santé)". Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES3101.
Texto completoFrançois, Julie. "Purification, identification et analyse fonctionnelle de protéines de transfert de lipides (LTP) secrétées par des cellules embryogènes de Vigne (Vitis vinifera) de la lignée 41B". Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2355.
Texto completoNon-specific lipid transfer proteins are characterized by their ability to transfer lipids between membranes, in vitro. They are believed to be involved in physiological processes such as embryogenesis or plant defense responses to stresses but their in vivo function is still controversial. Five LTP isoforms produced by 41B embryogenic cells have been purified. Amino-acid sequences and two cDNA corresponding to VvLTP3 and 4 were obtained. The maximum of production of VvLTP can be correlated with the embryo transition from globular to heart stage. Overexpression of VvLTP1 in 41B cells leads to an overproduction of all VvLTP. Somatic embryos induced from thess transgenic cells have no cotyledons and display an unorganised epidermic layer : VvLTP could play an in vivo function during embryogenesis. Another part of this work study the interaction of VvLTP with jasmonic acid. Infiltration of VvLTP4/JA complex in grapevine leaves induces protection of plantlets against Botrytis cinerea
Ah, Kye Edouard. "Etude du transport intracellulaire des phospholipides membranaires dans les cellules tumorales et normales de côlon humain : renouvellement des phospholipides membranaires, Activités de transfert des lipides". Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX22002.
Texto completoMasson, David. "Modulateurs plasmatiques de la protéine de transfert des esters de cholestérol (CETP) : études chez l'homme et chez des animaux transgéniques exprimant des apolipoprotéines humaines". Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOMU08.
Texto completoLottin, Hélène. "Proteine de transfert des esters de cholesterol (cetp) et mouvements des lipides neutres entre lipoproteines de haute et basse densite : role des enzymes lipolytiques affectant les hdl". Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0508.
Texto completoGable-Guillaume, Christine. "Développement de vecteurs non viraux, de type lipides cationiques, pour la transfection, in vivo, chez la souris swiss : application à la mucoviscidose (doctorat : sciences de la vie et de la sante)". Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES3102.
Texto completoMoser, von Filseck Joachim. "Mécanismes du transport lipidique par les protéines ORP/Osh". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4138.
Texto completoAn uneven lipid distribution is essential for the function of eukaryotic organelles. However, exchange of material by vesicular trafficking has a tendency to perturb this distribution; mechanisms must though exist to ensure lipid homeostasis. Osh proteins (S. cerevisiae) and OSBP-Related Proteins (ORPs, H. sapiens), are lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). Osh4 is capable of exchanging ergosterol for phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), found on the Golgi. Using novel fluorescent tools to measure with unprecedented precision the transport of sterol and PI4P, we find that Osh4 can transport sterol against its concentration gradient using the energy of a PI4P gradient. Coupled to phosphoinositide metabolism, this allows Osh4 to transport sterol to the trans-Golgi and create the sterol gradients observed between these organelles. OSBP participates in the creation of membrane contact sites (MCSs) via its capacity to connect ER membranes to those of the trans-Golgi. We have shown that it uses PI4P for transporting cholesterol from the ER to the trans-Golgi by sterol/PI4P counterexchange, hence also autoregulating its tethering activity. Finally, the identification of phosphatidylserine as a ligand for Osh6 allowed us to analyze the possible extrapolation of the PI4P counterexchange mechanism. We have solved the crystal structure of Osh6 in complex with PI4P and have been able to follow counterexchange of PI(4)P and PS in vitro. Concluding, our studies allow us to suggest a general mechanism for ORP/Osh-mediated counterexchange of PI4P for other lipids to maintain lipid gradients between the ER and late membranes of the secretory pathway
Runavot, Jean-Luc. "Maltage à faible hydratation : dégradation des structures pariétales, diffusion et modification des protéines aleuroniques et caractérisation des barrières hydrophobes cuticulaires". Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2066.
Texto completoDuring kilning, reduction of energy costs without impacting significantly the malt quality, represents a major challenge of the malting industry. This energy reduction requires a reduction of barley grain water content at the end of steeping and during germination. In the present work, we focused on key malting quality parameters involved in diastatic power and foam promoting capacities of malt. When analysed in a low hydrated malt and a high hydrated malt, the LTP1 (a foam promoting protein) modifications and its diffusion from the aleurone layer to the starchy endosperm were similar. The hydration level of the grain affects however β-glucanase diffusion and activity, and consequently the β-glucan degradation. These effects are linked to a delay in the synthesis and the diffusion of these enzymes. An increase of the time of germination allows to sharply reduce these effects. According to grain hydrophobic barriers localized at the pericarp surface and at the interface of aleurone and pericarp (testa), water diffusion inside the grain follows a specific pathway. Only weak, although significant, differences in cuticular thickness and composition were observed between cultivars with different malt qualities according to their hydration levels. On the contrary, we observed a great variability in the cuticular composition of the various tissues of the grain e. G. Scutellum, chalaza or husk
Subra, Mélody. "VAP-A, un gymnaste moléculaire engagé dans les sites de contact membranaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ6013.
Texto completoVAP-A is a receptor at the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for hundreds of proteins containing a FFAT motif and having a wide range of structures and functions. VAP-A is also required for creating multiple membrane contact sites (MCSs) between the ER and other compartments, which notably enable non-vesicular lipid exchanges between membranes. For example, the lipid-transfer protein (LTP) OSBP interacts with VAP at ER/Golgi MCS to transport cholesterol through coupled counter-exchange and hydrolysis of PI4P. It is well known that VAP-A partners contain a FFAT motif specifically recognized by the Major-Sperm-Protein (MSP) domain of VAP, however, how this receptor adapts to its different targets in MCSs that are so different in geometry and lifetime is not understood.In this study, we used a multidisciplinary approach to demonstrate that VAP-A contains two intrinsically disordered linkers that provide it with a high degree of flexibility to enable functional organization of different MCSs. A VAP-A mutant without flexible linkers is restricted in its subcellular localization, and does not support lipid transport by OSBP and CERT at ER/Golgi MCS. However, this mutant is present at ER/mitochondria MCS by interacting with VPS13A and PTPIP51, and thus facilitates lipid transport contributing to cardiolipin metabolism and mitochondrial fusion.In conclusion, this work indicates that VAP-A conformational flexibility mediated by its intrinsically disordered regions is key to ensure membrane tethering especially at short-lived MCSs; it also demonstrates the implication of VAP-A in mitochondrial fusion
Loisel, Séverine. "Optimisation et limites du transfert de gènes par voie intraveineuse à l'aide de vecteurs non viraux de type lipides cationiques chez la souris Swiss : application à une thérapie génique de la mucoviscidose (doctorat : sciences de la vie et de la santé)". Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES3104.
Texto completo