Artículos de revistas: "Transcription/translation"

1

Vinson, Valda. "Coupling transcription and translation". Science 356, n.º 6334 (13 de abril de 2017): 149.17–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.356.6334.149-q.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

Vinson, Valda. "Coupling transcription and translation". Science 369, n.º 6509 (10 de septiembre de 2020): 1335.2–1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.369.6509.1335-b.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

Kimberling, William J. "Transcription, Translation, and Transitions". Audiology and Neurotology 9, n.º 1 (19 de diciembre de 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000074182.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

Pislaru, Sorin y Robert D. Simari. "The Translation of Transcription". Circulation Research 97, n.º 11 (25 de noviembre de 2005): 1083–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.res.0000194573.70503.b9.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

D’Souza, Aaron R. y Michal Minczuk. "Mitochondrial transcription and translation: overview". Essays in Biochemistry 62, n.º 3 (20 de julio de 2018): 309–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20170102.

Texto completo

Resumen

Mitochondria are the major source of ATP in the cell. Five multi-subunit complexes in the inner membrane of the organelle are involved in the oxidative phosphorylation required for ATP production. Thirteen subunits of these complexes are encoded by the mitochondrial genome often referred to as mtDNA. For this reason, the expression of mtDNA is vital for the assembly and functioning of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. Defects of the mechanisms regulating mtDNA gene expression have been associated with deficiencies in assembly of these complexes, resulting in mitochondrial diseases. Recently, numerous factors involved in these processes have been identified and characterized leading to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that underlie mitochondrial diseases.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Hudson, D. y R. Edwards. "Dynamics of transcription–translation networks". Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 331 (septiembre de 2016): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physd.2016.05.013.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Stern, David S., David C. Higgs y Jianjun Yang. "Transcription and translation in chloroplasts". Trends in Plant Science 2, n.º 8 (agosto de 1997): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1360-1385(97)89953-0.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Pentimalli, Francesca. "Transcription and translation get together". Nature Reviews Genetics 8, n.º 3 (6 de febrero de 2007): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg2069.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

Swami, Meera. "Directly linking transcription and translation". Nature Reviews Genetics 11, n.º 6 (11 de mayo de 2010): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg2803.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

Nollet, Kenneth E. "Lost in Transcription, Lost in Translation". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 135, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2011): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2010-0555-le.1.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

11

Thomann, J. "The Name Picatrix: Transcription or Translation?" Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 53 (1990): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/751354.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

12

Sossin, Wayne S. "“Fragile” equilibrium between translation and transcription". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, n.º 48 (14 de noviembre de 2018): 12086–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817562115.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

13

Wang, Chengyuan, Vadim Molodtsov, Emre Firlar, Jason T. Kaelber, Gregor Blaha, Min Su y Richard H. Ebright. "Structural basis of transcription-translation coupling". Science 369, n.º 6509 (20 de agosto de 2020): 1359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb5317.

Texto completo

Resumen

In bacteria, transcription and translation are coupled processes in which the movement of RNA polymerase (RNAP)–synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA) is coordinated with the movement of the first ribosome-translating mRNA. Coupling is modulated by the transcription factors NusG (which is thought to bridge RNAP and the ribosome) and NusA. Here, we report cryo–electron microscopy structures of Escherichia coli transcription-translation complexes (TTCs) containing different-length mRNA spacers between RNAP and the ribosome active-center P site. Structures of TTCs containing short spacers show a state incompatible with NusG bridging and NusA binding (TTC-A, previously termed “expressome”). Structures of TTCs containing longer spacers reveal a new state compatible with NusG bridging and NusA binding (TTC-B) and reveal how NusG bridges and NusA binds. We propose that TTC-B mediates NusG- and NusA-dependent transcription-translation coupling.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

14

An, W. y J. W. Chin. "Synthesis of orthogonal transcription-translation networks". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, n.º 21 (14 de mayo de 2009): 8477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0900267106.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

15

Bader, Andreas G., Sohye Kang, Li Zhao y Peter K. Vogt. "Oncogenic PI3K deregulates transcription and translation". Nature Reviews Cancer 5, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2005): 921–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc1753.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

16

Sperber, Matthias, Hendra Setiawan, Christian Gollan, Udhyakumar Nallasamy y Matthias Paulik. "Consistent Transcription and Translation of Speech". Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 8 (noviembre de 2020): 695–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00340.

Texto completo

Resumen

The conventional paradigm in speech translation starts with a speech recognition step to generate transcripts, followed by a translation step with the automatic transcripts as input. To address various shortcomings of this paradigm, recent work explores end-to-end trainable direct models that translate without transcribing. However, transcripts can be an indispensable output in practical applications, which often display transcripts alongside the translations to users. We make this common requirement explicit and explore the task of jointly transcribing and translating speech. Although high accuracy of transcript and translation are crucial, even highly accurate systems can suffer from inconsistencies between both outputs that degrade the user experience. We introduce a methodology to evaluate consistency and compare several modeling approaches, including the traditional cascaded approach and end-to-end models. We find that direct models are poorly suited to the joint transcription/translation task, but that end-to-end models that feature a coupled inference procedure are able to achieve strong consistency. We further introduce simple techniques for directly optimizing for consistency, and analyze the resulting trade-offs between consistency, transcription accuracy, and translation accuracy. 1

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

17

Patrick, GA. "Transcription and Translation — A Practical Approach". Biochemical Education 13, n.º 2 (abril de 1985): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(85)90051-2.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

18

Garber, Kathryn, Karen T. Smith, Danny Reines y Stephen T. Warren. "Transcription, translation and fragile X syndrome". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development 16, n.º 3 (junio de 2006): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gde.2006.04.010.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

19

Peattie, Matthew. "Chant notation in transcription and translation". Early Music 44, n.º 1 (febrero de 2016): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/em/caw014.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

20

Shu, Yuan y Lin Hong-Hui. "Transcription, translation, degradation, and circadian clock". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 321, n.º 1 (agosto de 2004): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.093.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

21

Dong, Zigang y Ann M. Bode. "Proceedings—targeting carcinogenesis: Transduction, transcription, translation". Molecular Carcinogenesis 45, n.º 6 (2006): 353–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mc.20227.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

22

Castro-Roa, Daniel y Nikolay Zenkin. "Methodology for the analysis of transcription and translation in transcription-coupled-to-translation systems in vitro". Methods 86 (septiembre de 2015): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.05.029.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

23

Gong, Feng y Charles Yanofsky. "A Transcriptional Pause Synchronizes Translation with Transcription in the Tryptophanase Operon Leader Region". Journal of Bacteriology 185, n.º 21 (1 de noviembre de 2003): 6472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.21.6472-6476.2003.

Texto completo

Resumen

ABSTRACT Regulation of transcription of the tryptophanase operon requires that translation of its leader peptide coding region, tnaC, be coupled with its transcription. We show in vitro that a transcription pause site exists at the end of the tnaC coding region and that translation of tnaC releases the paused transcription complex, coupling transcription with translation.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

24

Webster, Michael W. y Albert Weixlbaumer. "The intricate relationship between transcription and translation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, n.º 21 (6 de mayo de 2021): e2106284118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2106284118.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

25

Liu, Liping y M. Celeste Simon. "Regulation of Transcription and Translation by Hypoxia". Cancer Biology & Therapy 3, n.º 6 (junio de 2004): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cbt.3.6.1010.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

26

Burmann, B. M., K. Schweimer, X. Luo, M. C. Wahl, B. L. Stitt, M. E. Gottesman y P. Rosch. "A NusE:NusG Complex Links Transcription and Translation". Science 328, n.º 5977 (22 de abril de 2010): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1184953.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

27

Artsimovitch, Irina. "Rebuilding the bridge between transcription and translation". Molecular Microbiology 108, n.º 5 (27 de abril de 2018): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mmi.13964.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

28

Stone, Louise. "AR — the link between transcription and translation". Nature Reviews Urology 16, n.º 10 (27 de agosto de 2019): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41585-019-0229-8.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

29

Boczonadi, Veronika, Giulia Ricci y Rita Horvath. "Mitochondrial DNA transcription and translation: clinical syndromes". Essays in Biochemistry 62, n.º 3 (20 de julio de 2018): 321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20170103.

Texto completo

Resumen

Diagnosing primary mitochondrial diseases is challenging in clinical practice. Although, defective oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the common final pathway, it is unknown why different mtDNA or nuclear mutations result in largely heterogeneous and often tissue -specific clinical presentations. Mitochondrial tRNA (mt-tRNA) mutations are frequent causes of mitochondrial diseases both in children and adults. However numerous nuclear mutations involved in mitochondrial protein synthesis affecting ubiquitously expressed genes have been reported in association with very tissue specific clinical manifestations suggesting that there are so far unknown factors determining the tissue specificity in mitochondrial translation. Most of these gene defects result in histological abnormalities and multiple respiratory chain defects in the affected organs. The clinical phenotypes are usually early-onset, severe, and often fatal, implying the importance of mitochondrial translation from birth. However, some rare, reversible infantile mitochondrial diseases are caused by very specific defects of mitochondrial translation. An unbiased genetic approach (whole exome sequencing, RNA sequencing) combined with proteomics and functional studies revealed novel factors involved in mitochondrial translation which contribute to the clinical manifestation and recovery in these rare reversible mitochondrial conditions.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

30

Johnson, Grace E., Jean-Benoît Lalanne, Michelle L. Peters y Gene-Wei Li. "Functionally uncoupled transcription–translation in Bacillus subtilis". Nature 585, n.º 7823 (26 de agosto de 2020): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2638-5.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

31

Phadtare, Sangita, Teymur Kazakov, Mikhail Bubunenko, Donald L. Court, Tatyana Pestova y Konstantin Severinov. "Transcription Antitermination by Translation Initiation Factor IF1". Journal of Bacteriology 189, n.º 11 (23 de marzo de 2007): 4087–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00188-07.

Texto completo

Resumen

ABSTRACT Bacterial translation initiation factor IF1 is an S1 domain protein that belongs to the oligomer binding (OB) fold proteins. Cold shock domain (CSD)-containing proteins such as CspA (the major cold shock protein of Escherichia coli) and its homologues also belong to the OB fold protein family. The striking structural similarity between IF1 and CspA homologues suggests a functional overlap between these proteins. Certain members of the CspA family of cold shock proteins act as nucleic acid chaperones: they melt secondary structures in nucleic acids and act as transcription antiterminators. This activity may help the cell to acclimatize to low temperatures, since cold-induced stabilization of secondary structures in nascent RNA can impede transcription elongation. Here we show that the E. coli translation initiation factor, IF1, also has RNA chaperone activity and acts as a transcription antiterminator in vivo and in vitro. We further show that the RNA chaperone activity of IF1, although critical for transcription antitermination, is not essential for its role in supporting cell growth, which presumably functions in translation. The results thus indicate that IF1 may participate in transcription regulation and that cross talk and/or functional overlap may exist between the Csp family proteins, known to be involved in transcription regulation at cold shock, and S1 domain proteins, known to function in translation.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

32

Mangiarotti, Giorgio. "Coupling of Transcription and Translation inDictyostelium discoideumNuclei†". Biochemistry 38, n.º 13 (marzo de 1999): 3996–4000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi9822022.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

33

Dobrzyński, Maciej y Frank J. Bruggeman. "Elongation dynamics shape bursty transcription and translation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, n.º 8 (5 de febrero de 2009): 2583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0803507106.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

34

McLellan, Faith. "Lost in translation (and transcription and replication)". Lancet 363, n.º 9421 (mayo de 2004): 1655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16227-2.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

35

Edenberg, Ellen R., Michael Downey y David Toczyski. "Polymerase Stalling during Replication, Transcription and Translation". Current Biology 24, n.º 10 (mayo de 2014): R445—R452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.060.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

36

Castellana, Michele, Sophia Hsin-Jung Li y Ned S. Wingreen. "Spatial organization of bacterial transcription and translation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n.º 33 (2 de agosto de 2016): 9286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1604995113.

Texto completo

Resumen

In bacteria such as Escherichia coli, DNA is compacted into a nucleoid near the cell center, whereas ribosomes—molecular complexes that translate mRNAs into proteins—are mainly localized to the poles. We study the impact of this spatial organization using a minimal reaction–diffusion model for the cellular transcriptional–translational machinery. Although genome-wide mRNA-nucleoid segregation still lacks experimental validation, our model predicts that ∼90% of mRNAs are segregated to the poles. In addition, our analysis reveals a “circulation” of ribosomes driven by the flux of mRNAs, from synthesis in the nucleoid to degradation at the poles. We show that our results are robust with respect to multiple, biologically relevant factors, such as mRNA degradation by RNase enzymes, different phases of the cell division cycle and growth rates, and the existence of nonspecific, transient interactions between ribosomes and mRNAs. Finally, we confirm that the observed nucleoid size stems from a balance between the forces that the chromosome and mRNAs exert on each other. This suggests a potential global feedback circuit in which gene expression feeds back on itself via nucleoid compaction.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

37

French, S. L., T. J. Santangelo, A. L. Beyer y J. N. Reeve. "Transcription and Translation are Coupled in Archaea". Molecular Biology and Evolution 24, n.º 4 (30 de enero de 2007): 893–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msm007.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

38

Taylor, William R. "Transcription and translation in an RNA world". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, n.º 1474 (7 de septiembre de 2006): 1751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1910.

Texto completo

Resumen

The RNA world hypothesis requires a ribozyme that was an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (ribopolymerase). If such a replicase makes a reverse complementary copy of any sequence (including itself), in a simple RNA world, there is no mechanism to prevent self-hybridization. It is proposed that this can be avoided through the synthesis of a parallel complementary copy. The logical consequences of this are pursued and developed in a computer simulation, where the behaviour of the parallel copy is compared to the conventional reverse complementary copy. It is found that the parallel copy is more efficient at higher temperatures (up to 90°C). A model for the ribopolymerase, based on the core of the large subunit (LSU) of the ribosome, is described. The geometry of a potential active site for this ribopolymerase suggests that it contained a cavity (now occupied by the aminoacyl-tRNA) and that an amino acid binding in this might have ‘poisoned’ the ribopolymerase by cross-reacting with the nucleoside-triphosphate before polymerization could occur. Based on a similarity to the active site components of the class-I tRNA synthetase enzymes, it is proposed that the amino acid could become attached to the nascent RNA transcript producing a variety of aminoacylated tRNA-like products. Using base-pairing interactions, some of these molecules might cross-link two ribopolymerases, giving rise to a precursor of the modern ribosome. A hybrid dimer, half polymerase and half proto-ribosome, could account for mRNA translocation before the advent of protein elongation factors.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

39

Eggen, Bart J. L., Dieta Brandsma, Marcellé Kasperaitis, Willem Hendrik Gispen y Loes H. Schrama. "Rat B-50 gene transcription and translation". Brain Research 690, n.º 1 (agosto de 1995): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(95)00589-i.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

40

ToháC., J. y M. A. Soto. "Neural network in the transcription—Translation process". Medical Hypotheses 43, n.º 2 (agosto de 1994): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(94)90054-x.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

41

Svetlov, Vladimir y Evgeny Nudler. "Unfolding the Bridge between Transcription and Translation". Cell 150, n.º 2 (julio de 2012): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2012.06.025.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

42

Qureshi, Nusrat y Olivier Duss. "Real-time tracking of transcription-translation coupling". Biophysical Journal 122, n.º 3 (febrero de 2023): 488a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.2608.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

43

Chalise, Krishna Prasad. "Multidimensional Translation in Linguistic Annotation". Gipan 3, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gipan.v3i2.48895.

Texto completo

Resumen

The core components of linguistic annotation consist of transcription, interlinear glossing and free translation. A linguistic annotation incorporates different types of translations together in itself. From one perspective, the transcription is a type of transliteration and from another perspective; it is very close to translation. Similarly, interlinear glossing is linear morpheme-to-morpheme or word-to-word translation. In the same way the free translation incorporates a variety of translations from literal to idiomatic translation.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

44

Deloupy, A., V. Sauveplane, J. Robert, S. Aymerich, M. Jules y L. Robert. "Extrinsic noise prevents the independent tuning of gene expression noise and protein mean abundance in bacteria". Science Advances 6, n.º 41 (octubre de 2020): eabc3478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc3478.

Texto completo

Resumen

It is generally accepted that prokaryotes can tune gene expression noise independently of protein mean abundance by varying the relative levels of transcription and translation. Here, we address this question quantitatively, using a custom-made library of 40 Bacillus subtilis strains expressing a fluorescent protein under the control of different transcription and translation control elements. We quantify noise and mean protein abundance by fluorescence microscopy and show that for most of the natural transcription range of B. subtilis, expression noise is equally sensitive to variations in the transcription or translation rate because of the prevalence of extrinsic noise. In agreement, analysis of whole-genome transcriptomic and proteomic datasets suggests that noise optimization through transcription and translation tuning during evolution may only occur in a regime of weak transcription. Therefore, independent control of mean abundance and noise can rarely be achieved, which has strong implications for both genome evolution and biological engineering.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

45

Stevenson-Jones, Flint, Jason Woodgate, Daniel Castro-Roa y Nikolay Zenkin. "Ribosome reactivates transcription by physically pushing RNA polymerase out of transcription arrest". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, n.º 15 (1 de abril de 2020): 8462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1919985117.

Texto completo

Resumen

In bacteria, the first two steps of gene expression—transcription and translation—are spatially and temporally coupled. Uncoupling may lead to the arrest of transcription through RNA polymerase backtracking, which interferes with replication forks, leading to DNA double-stranded breaks and genomic instability. How transcription–translation coupling mitigates these conflicts is unknown. Here we show that, unlike replication, translation is not inhibited by arrested transcription elongation complexes. Instead, the translating ribosome actively pushes RNA polymerase out of the backtracked state, thereby reactivating transcription. We show that the distance between the two machineries upon their contact on mRNA is smaller than previously thought, suggesting intimate interactions between them. However, this does not lead to the formation of a stable functional complex between the enzymes, as was once proposed. Our results reveal an active, energy-driven mechanism that reactivates backtracked elongation complexes and thus helps suppress their interference with replication.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

46

Nevynna, I. P. "PECULIARITIES OF SPANISH MENU AND ITS TRANSLATION". Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World, n.º 66 (2) (2019): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2019.2.14.

Texto completo

Resumen

Tapas as a part of menu refer to the nonequivalent lexics, which only complicates the translation of such elements, because they belong to exoticisms, words with the cultural shade. In linguistics, the realia of the subject were investigated by: R.Zorivchak, S. Vlakhov S. Florin, V. Vinogradov and others. In Spain this is one of the most popular topics for research. But some linguists and translators generally do not distinguish the term “realia”, for example, A. Popovich, doesn’t mention “realia” in the dictionary of translation analysis” at all. In order to achieve an adequate translation of the names of national cuisine, transcription and transliteration, calques, descriptive, generalized, and transformational methods of translation are used. During the study of the translation of the names of the national cuisine of Spain, it was found that it would be more appropriate to translate them in a mixed way, combining transcription, transliteration or translation, and descriptive translation (giving it in the footnote). But the most frequent are transcription, calques together with renomination (a combination of the above-mentioned transcripts with descriptive translation) (tapas-tapas, (transcription); tortilla – тортілья (transliteration); pinchos – пінчос (transcription + it is desirable to give an explanation-footnote at the bottom of the page that is a tapas , but on a spree (typical of northern Spain); pan catalán – каталонський хліб (calque), gazpacho, salmorejo – газпачо, сальморехо (transcription), paella – паелья (transliteration). In the case where there is no equivavalent in the language of the translation: fabada – фаба-да, jamón – хамон, churros – чуррос (traditional Spanish donuts, which Spaniards usually eat on Sundays), boquerones – Spanish version of the Ukrainian capalin fish, we will often encounter calques, transliteration with renomination or simply descriptive translation: chocos – кальмари, which are cut in stripes, not rings (no to confuse with the calamares fritas), and so on.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

47

Turnbough, Charles L. y Robert L. Switzer. "Regulation of Pyrimidine Biosynthetic Gene Expression in Bacteria: Repression without Repressors". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 72, n.º 2 (junio de 2008): 266–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00001-08.

Texto completo

Resumen

SUMMARY DNA-binding repressor proteins that govern transcription initiation in response to end products generally regulate bacterial biosynthetic genes, but this is rarely true for the pyrimidine biosynthetic (pyr) genes. Instead, bacterial pyr gene regulation generally involves mechanisms that rely only on regulatory sequences embedded in the leader region of the operon, which cause premature transcription termination or translation inhibition in response to nucleotide signals. Studies with Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis pyr genes reveal a variety of regulatory mechanisms. Transcription attenuation via UTP-sensitive coupled transcription and translation regulates expression of the pyrBI and pyrE operons in enteric bacteria, whereas nucleotide effects on binding of the PyrR protein to pyr mRNA attenuation sites control pyr operon expression in most gram-positive bacteria. Nucleotide-sensitive reiterative transcription underlies regulation of other pyr genes. With the E. coli pyrBI, carAB, codBA, and upp-uraA operons, UTP-sensitive reiterative transcription within the initially transcribed region (ITR) leads to nonproductive transcription initiation. CTP-sensitive reiterative transcription in the pyrG ITRs of gram-positive bacteria, which involves the addition of G residues, results in the formation of an antiterminator RNA hairpin and suppression of transcription attenuation. Some mechanisms involve regulation of translation rather than transcription. Expression of the pyrC and pyrD operons of enteric bacteria is controlled by nucleotide-sensitive transcription start switching that produces transcripts with different potentials for translation. In Mycobacterium smegmatis and other bacteria, PyrR modulates translation of pyr genes by binding to their ribosome binding site. Evidence supporting these conclusions, generalizations for other bacteria, and prospects for future research are presented.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

48

Murray, Philip J., Eleonore Ocana, Hedda A. Meijer y Jacqueline Kim Dale. "Auto-Regulation of Transcription and Translation: Oscillations, Excitability and Intermittency". Biomolecules 11, n.º 11 (22 de octubre de 2021): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111566.

Texto completo

Resumen

Several members of the Hes/Her family, conserved targets of the Notch signalling pathway, encode transcriptional repressors that dimerise, bind DNA and self-repress. Such autoinhibition of transcription can yield homeostasis and, in the presence of delays that account for processes such as transcription, splicing and transport, oscillations. Whilst previous models of autoinhibition of transcription have tended to treat processes such as translation as being unregulated (and hence linear), here we develop and explore a mathematical model that considers autoinhibition of transcription together with nonlinear regulation of translation. It is demonstrated that such a model can yield, in the absence of delays, nonlinear dynamical behaviours such as excitability, homeostasis, oscillations and intermittency. These results indicate that regulation of translation as well as transcription allows for a much richer range of behaviours than is possible with autoregulation of transcription alone. A number of experiments are suggested that would that allow for the signature of autoregulation of translation as well as transcription to be experimentally detected in a Notch signalling system.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

49

Chatterjee, Surajit, Adrien Chauvier, Shiba S. Dandpat, Irina Artsimovitch y Nils G. Walter. "A translational riboswitch coordinates nascent transcription–translation coupling". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, n.º 16 (13 de abril de 2021): e2023426118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023426118.

Texto completo

Resumen

Bacterial messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis by RNA polymerase (RNAP) and first-round translation by the ribosome are often coupled to regulate gene expression, yet how coupling is established and maintained is ill understood. Here, we develop biochemical and single-molecule fluorescence approaches to probe the dynamics of RNAP–ribosome interactions on an mRNA with a translational preQ1-sensing riboswitch in its 5′ untranslated region. Binding of preQ1 leads to the occlusion of the ribosome binding site (RBS), inhibiting translation initiation. We demonstrate that RNAP poised within the mRNA leader region promotes ribosomal 30S subunit binding, antagonizing preQ1-induced RBS occlusion, and that the RNAP–30S bridging transcription factors NusG and RfaH distinctly enhance 30S recruitment and retention, respectively. We further find that, while 30S–mRNA interaction significantly impedes RNAP in the absence of translation, an actively translating ribosome promotes productive transcription. A model emerges wherein mRNA structure and transcription factors coordinate to dynamically modulate the efficiency of transcription–translation coupling.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

50

Bader, Andreas. "YB-1 Activities in Oncogenesis: Transcription and Translation". Current Cancer Therapy Reviews 2, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2006): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339406775471786.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Transcription/translation"

Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros