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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Transatlantic transfers"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 13 de abril de 2024

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1

Majkowska-Szulc, Sylwia. "Tarcza Prywatności UE–USA po kolizji w „bezpiecznej przystani”. Zakres ochrony prywatności po wyroku w sprawie C-362/14 Schrems". Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 107 (4 de abril de 2017): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.107.10.

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EU–U.S. PRIVACY SHIELD AFTER A COLLISION IN THE “SAFE HARBOUR”. THE SCOPE OF PRIVACY PROTECTION AFTER THE JUDGEMENT IN THE C-362/14 SCHREMS CASETransfer of personal data is an essential element of the transatlantic trade relationship, because the EU and the United States are for each other the most important trading partners. Data transfers increasingly form an integral part of their commercial exchanges. The Court of Justice of the European Union ruling of 6 October 2015 in case C-362/14 Schrems reaffirmed the importance of the fundamental right to the protection of personal data, as enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU, including the situation when such data are transferred outside the EU. In the wake of the hereinabove judgement the transatlantic data transfer has been regulated anew. European Commission has launched EU-U.S. Privacy Shield in order to ensure stronger protection for transatlantic data flows. This article aims to analyse the importance and results of the above-mentioned judgement.

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2

Fuster, Gloria González, Paul De Hert y Serge Gutwirth. "SWIFT and the vulnerability of transatlantic data transfers". International Review of Law, Computers & Technology 22, n.º 1-2 (23 de abril de 2008): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600860801925185.

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3

Hegar, R. L. "Transatlantic Transfers in Social Work: Contributions of Three Pioneers". British Journal of Social Work 38, n.º 4 (15 de abril de 2008): 716–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcn014.

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4

Versailles, David W. y Valérie Mérindol. "KNOWLEDGE TRANSFERS AND R&D MANAGEMENT: AN INQUIRY INTO THE PROBLEM OF TRANSATLANTIC COMPLEMENTARITIES". Defence and Peace Economics 17, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 2006): 239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10242690600645183.

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5

Logemann, Jan. "Americanization through Credit? Consumer Credit in Germany, 1860s–1960s". Business History Review 85, n.º 3 (2011): 529–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680511000791.

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This study of the American impact on German consumer credit reveals that the notion of post–World War II Americanization emerging through credit-induced consumption is more complicated than has been previously acknowledged. The postwar debate in Germany over consumer credit as an American import had antecedents in a longer, previously overlooked, history of consumer credit. Moreover, the concept of Americanization remains misleading from a comparative perspective: First, examples of indigenous German institutional consumer lending predate the postwar period. Second, differences in both the forms and quantitative weight of consumer lending defy the notion of convergence. Third, different social and political contexts prevented a wholesale adoption in Germany of an American model of credit financing, despite repeated transatlantic transfers.

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6

Kosta, Eleni y Irene Kamara. "The Right to an Effective Remedy In International Data Transfers of Electronic Evidence: Past Lessons and Future Outlook". Review of European Administrative Law 16, n.º 1 (9 de mayo de 2023): 57–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/187479823x16800083010356.

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Cross-border and international collaboration of authorities is often a necessity, involving inter alia the exchange of good practices, tools, human resources, but also information, including personal data. Cross-border access to data is essential in the context of electronic evidence in criminal investigations and proceedings, as more than half of all criminal investigations involve a cross-border request to obtain e-evidence. From a fundamental rights perspective, a common denominator in transborder exchanges of data -irrespective of whether they take place for commercial or for criminal purposes- is that the right to effective remedy of the individuals concerned shall be safeguarded, a right protected under Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms of the European Union. Taking into account this context, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis and assessment of the right on effective remedies for EU citizens in international data transfers of electronic evidence and discusses the future of the right to effective remedies in transatlantic transfers of data in this context. The main argument of the paper is that the effective remedies for sharing electronic evidence outside the EU territory are not sufficiently guaranteed by the existing applicable rules, due to the piecemeal approach followed in the EU.

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7

Jóźwiak, Marek, Łukasz Woźniak, Zaid Al-Shakarchi, Peter Bernius, Michael Wade Shrader y Elisabet Rodby-Bousquest. "Diagnosis and treatment of crouch gait in children with cerebral palsy. Report from the 4th Edition of the Transatlantic Orthopedic Surgery Webinar 2022". Chirurgia Narządów Ruchu i Ortopedia Polska 88, n.º 1 (28 de marzo de 2023): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31139/chnriop.2023.88.1.5.

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Introduction. The fourth edition of the Transatlantic Orthopedic Surgery Webinar 2022 took place on December 12th, 2022. The main theme of the webinar was the treatment of crouch gait in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Speakers from Australia, Canada, China, Germany, India, Poland, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States participated. Results. The first general session presented the biomechanics of crouch gait, the function of the hip and knee muscles in children with CP, the principles of prevention and treatment of crouch gait in spastic diplegia, and the natural course and treatment outcomes of CP in adults. The surgical sessions comprehensively presented the surgical techniques for treating crouch gait: percutaneous myofasciotomy in the posterior knee joint, straightening osteotomy of the distal femur in hemiplegia, asymmetric and symmetric diplegia, techniques for shortening and plastically reconstructing the patellar ligament, anterior hemiepiphysiodesis of the distal femur, and transfer of the hamstring muscles to the rectus femoris muscle. The second general session presented postoperative standing and walking rehabilitation protocols and evaluation of treatment outcomes (pain, fatigue, ambulatory activity, motor function, and quality of life). Summary. The most important conclusions from the event were: do not lengthen the Achilles tendon in zone III in crouch gait; laboratory gait analysis is necessary before lengthening the hamstring muscles; hemiepiphysiodesis of the distal femur can be performed when the predicted growth period is less than two years; distal femur osteotomy should be considered during adolescence for knee flexion contracture of 10-40 degrees; treatment possibilities of tendon transfers and myofasciotomies should be remembered, especially in younger patients. The webinar attracted an audience of approximately 1,600 people from 672 centers located in 57 countries. Most participants came from Poland, the United Kingdom, the United States, Norway, Sweden, and India.

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8

Biggam, Ross. "Brexit and the Effects of the Proposed EU–UK Partnership Agreement on the Audiovisual Sector". European Foreign Affairs Review 25, Issue 3 (1 de septiembre de 2020): 379–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eerr2020029.

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The audiovisual media industry has undergone and is undergoing a phase of global consolidation. While the sector is a significant component of the European economy, it is a special sector from a cultural perspective. Governments have reacted to this by trying to accommodate a tension between commercial objectives and what is perceived as ‘cultural’ objectives. Also the European Union has sought to reconcile these tensions. Now, Brexit poses further challenges for the global media sector, much of whose business activity was based in the UK.While the exact details of what Brexit would mean were unclear in June 2016, they have been partially clarified since then. The aim is to base the future EU/UK relationship on a free trade agreement, not on the Single Market. However, the audiovisual sector will be excluded from this agreement in line with the long-established precedent of a cultural exception in EU trade deals. The sector has widely understood these following extensive debates since 2013, ahead of adopting the EU mandate for the now-abandoned Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiations with the US. Many international broadcasting groups have anticipated the end of UK Single Market access after Brexit by relicensing channels and relocating staff into the EU27. While the UK will retain and maybe grow some core strengths, notably around content production, its role as the leading European centre for global media companies is likely to be eroded by new hubs in the EU27, while UK-based media companies will continue to be affected by EU regulation in relation to market access as well as free movement. There are particular issues around data transfers and state aids. This article seeks to evaluate if the current negotiations cater to the interest of the audiovisual sector and if not, why not. Brexit, EU–UK Partnership, Audiovisual, Post-Brexit settlement, Personal Data, State Aid

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9

Hambleton, Robin y Marilyn Taylor. "Transatlantic urban policy transfer". Policy Studies 15, n.º 2 (junio de 1994): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442879408423656.

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10

Huyssen, Andreas y Anson Rabinbach. "Introduction: Transatlantic Theory Transfer: Missed Encounters?" New German Critique 44, n.º 3 132 (25 de octubre de 2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0094033x-4162190.

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11

Schnoor, Antje. "Theologians as Cultural Brokers: Transatlantic Translation of Ideas during the Emergence of Liberation Theology". Religions 12, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 2021): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12060406.

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The paper sheds light on the transatlantic theological discourse during the emergence of liberation theology. It conceptualizes this discourse as a transatlantic communication process reframing it as a transfer and translation of ideas and concepts. Starting from this perspective, I prove the assumption that the transatlantic theological discourse reflected a Latin American claim to academic equity and I show that European reactions to liberation theology implied answers to that claim. As the focus is on the relationship between Latin America and Europe, the article illustrates the significant role of relationships marked by different forms of dependency (economic, political, intellectual) in the development of liberation theology. Furthermore, the paper argues that for a deeper understanding, it is misleading to speak about Latin American theologians on the one hand and European theologians on the other hand, as if it was about clear-cut groups with homogenous motivations, positions, and goals. On the contrary, there were advocates and opponents of liberation theology on both sides of the Atlantic who moreover formed transatlantic alliances. The paper calls those theologians cultural brokers, since they communicated and mediated across the Atlantic.

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12

Astvatsaturov, Andrey A. y Larisa E. Muravieva. "Vladimir Nabokov and Transatlantic Contexts in Saint-Petersburg University". Literature of the Americas, n.º 11 (2021): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2021-11-450-455.

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The review traces papers of the International conference V. Nabokov and Transatlantic Relations in American and European culture hosted at Saint Petersburg State University on May14–16, 2021. Scholars in various fields of humanities traced the routes of intercontinental cultural contacts of the XX-th century to construct a global context to understand Vladimir Nabokov as a paradigmatic transatlantic figure. The main direction which was discussed in papers of D. Ioffe, T. Venediktova, G. Kruzhkov, O. Panova, A. Astvatsaturov, O. Antsyferova, I. Golovacheva, A. Shvets, O. Sokolova, traditionally turned out to be American and British. The Russian cultural context viewed through the transatlantic prism was outlined by E. Penskaya, V. Feshchenko, A. Rodionova, A. Masalov, Y. Probstein, C. Bernstein and by Marjorie Perloff. The issues of transatlantic transfer in Romanesque literatures were presented in the papers of L. Muravieva, A. Petrova, V. Popova and I. Khohlova. The speakers discussed Franco-American autofiction, the images of Americans in the works of G. Apollinaire and the history of Soviet-Latin American and Portuguese-American poetic contacts, German and Scandinavian contexts viewed the in light of transatlantic problems. Discussion of Vladimir Nabokov works summed up a kind of outcome of the conference that brought together linguists (A. Kretov, Zh. Gracheva), historians of literature and culture (D. Tokarev, A. Bolshev, N. Shcherbak, A. Stepanova, N.A. Karpov ), scholars of poetics and narratology (F. Dvinyatin, V. Schmid, E. Kazartsev, D.Yu. Dovzhenko, N.I. Emelyanova).

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13

Young, Alasdair R. "Political Transfer and “Trading Up”?: Transatlantic Trade in Genetically Modified Food and U.S. Politics". World Politics 55, n.º 4 (julio de 2003): 457–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.2003.0026.

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Although there is a popular perception that trade liberalization undermines domestic regulation, under certain circumstances international trade can provide a catalyst for making domestic regulations more stringent. This article makes a case extending the applicability of the so-called trading-up thesis by finding evidence of change within the United States in response to the transatlantic trade dispute over genetically modified food. In particular, it argues that political transfer—the transfer of political concern from one jurisdiction to political mobilization in another—can prompt policy change even in the absence of the adoption of foreign standards by domestic firms.

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14

Brettell, Caroline B. y Alida C. Metcalf. "Family customs in Portugal and Brazil: transatlantic parallels". Continuity and Change 8, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1993): 365–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416000002150.

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Les auteurs comparent deux communautés, l'une située au nord-ouest du Portugal, l'autre à São Paulo, Brésil, et cherchent à identifier les similitudes en matière de structures familiales. Les parametres systématiquement mis en parallèle sont principalement: l'illégitimité, la matrilocalité, la fréquence des chefs de ménage féminins, les types de succession et les modèles migratoires. La question principale est de savoir dans quelle mesure une similitude constatée sur un de ces points s'explique par quelque transfert de coutume ou de législation portugaise. Il apparaît finalement que c'est ensemble que coutume et loi ont contribué à recréer au Brésil des modèles familiaux proches des modéles portugais, quoique modifiés par l'environnement brésilien.

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15

Bardy, Roland y Arthur Rubens. "Is there a transatlantic divide?" Management Decision 48, n.º 4 (4 de mayo de 2010): 528–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00251741011041337.

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PurposeDrucker has often been criticized for his pejorative interpretation of business ethics and the use of the term “casuistry”. This paper aims to show that Drucker was just the opposite of unethical in his viewpoint regarding the behavior of managers and organizations, and that in fact much of his writings pointed to discourse‐ethics‐universalism and away from casuistic particularism. Specifically, the paper seeks to analyze and contrast the ways in which US and European institutions take action (a “transatlantic divide”) when management and society eventually reposition their stance on ethics, as forecast by Drucker.Design/methodology/approachThis is a comparative study emphasizing the main day‐to‐day perspectives of ethical issues in businesses and how they are handled in the USA and in Europe. This is complemented by references to what Drucker's position would be on those issues and how he would have shown that “good ethics” serves to ensure that entrepreneurial energies end up by serving society and not destroying it.FindingsThe paper provides an insight about how change is successfully brought about in current management practices by adhering to discourse and right behavior as pointed out by Drucker. It suggests that leaders acting responsibly are intrinsically ethical and will transfer their individual positions into their organization.Research limitations/implicationsThe research primarily concentrates around the implications of Drucker's writings on the “transatlantic divide” and does not extensively explore how this relates to businesses in Asia and other areas outside the Western world.Practical implicationsThe paper displays a number of standards and guidelines that have been adopted by practitioners and thus provides an input for further applications. Businesses that have adopted Drucker's philosophies will find useful directions on how to connect them to other philosophical developments.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to reject claims that Drucker is an “efficiency enthusiast” pursuing “global change in a manner that has little to do with minimal standards of human decency, to say nothing of democracy, much less of emancipation”. It proves that the changes and the repositioning required for the current economic situation need a full understanding of Drucker in all respects of his work.

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16

Suda, Yuko. "Transatlantic Politics of Data Transfer: Extraterritoriality, Counter-Extraterritoriality and Counter-Terrorism". JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 51, n.º 4 (7 de marzo de 2013): 772–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12017.

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17

McCusker, Shona. "The EUUS Privacy Shield: The Antidote to the Transatlantic Data Transfer Headache?" Business Law Review 37, Issue 3 (1 de junio de 2016): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/bula2016017.

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On 6 October 2015 the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) handed down a landmark ruling in Maximillian Schrems v. Irish Data Protection Commission, which declared Safe Harbor, a mechanism which pre-approved the transfer of personal data from the EU to the US, invalid. In the months that followed stakeholders in the EU and US conducted legally complex and politically sensitive discussions which have led to the newly formulated draft EU–US Privacy Shield. This article will consider the fallout from the Schrems decision and the proposed application of the resulting Privacy Shield.

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18

Boyd, James. "Mechanising migration: Transnational relationships, business structure and diffusing steam on the Atlantic". International Journal of Maritime History 32, n.º 1 (febrero de 2020): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871420903509.

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The diffusion of steam into the transatlantic migration system of the nineteenth century, one of the most important developments in the history of human demography, is often explained by the technical progress of ships, which made the carrying of migrants under steam profitable. Existing historiography posits that early, basic paddle steamers were sustainable only with government mail contracts, whilst iron screw steamers later facilitated the emergence of a mass migrant trade. Data on steam company formation, durability and accounting for the mid-nineteenth century show that technical thresholds are not sufficient to explain the transfer to steam shipping of migrants. Determining factors were inter-regional relationships connecting engineering and demographic change, and, critically, the abandonment of capitalising novel steam lines. This article demonstrates that steam became usable because of endogenous transfer within well-established sailing services, a pivotal strategy adopted by those connected to centres of both innovation and migration.

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De Gregorio, Giovanni. "The Transnational Dimension of Data Protection". Italian Review of International and Comparative Law 1, n.º 2 (15 de marzo de 2022): 335–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725650-01020006.

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Abstract This article aims to analyse how the consolidation of the European constitutional system of privacy and personal data has contributed to building a transnational model in the digital age. By adopting a comparative perspective, this work aims to underline how the European approach has created bridges across the Atlantic, providing an opportunity to examine different expressions of digital constitutionalism. The first part underlines the consolidation of the protection of personal data in the European constitutional framework. The second part analyses the extension of the European model across the Atlantic, looking at the extraterritoriality, global delisting, and transfer of data. The third part examines the transatlantic challenges for constitutional democracies as global regulators in the algorithmic society.

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20

KEELING, DREW. "The Business of Transatlantic Migration between Europe and the USA, 1900–1914". Journal of Economic History 66, n.º 2 (junio de 2006): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050706230201.

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The relocation of Europeans across the North Atlantic during the first decade and a half of the twentieth century was the culmination of the longest-lived and most widely documented transoceanic migration of modern times. This enormous population transfer was a great human drama, a major international demographic shift, and a massive historical experiment in cultural transformation during a period of unprecedented globalization. This migration was also a complex and powerful travel business containing both risks and rewards for its three fundamental participants: the movers, the moved, and the sovereign authorities on either side of the borders being traversed. Prior studies have not adequately explained this business nor appreciated the extent to which the various strategies for dealing with its associated risks were crucial, largely congruent, and self-reinforcing elements of the overall migration process.

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21

Taylor, Matthew. "Transatlantic Football: Rethinking the Transfer of Football from Europe to the usa, c.1880-c.1930s". Ethnologie française 41, n.º 4 (2011): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ethn.114.0645.

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22

García, María. "Slow Rise of Trade Politicisation in the UK and Brexit". Politics and Governance 8, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2020): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i1.2737.

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Since the Brexit referendum, the UK government has deployed a vision of ‘Global Britain’ revolving around trade agreements, yet, this was not a key issue in the referendum. Drawing on politicisation literature, we explore the absence of visible activism around future trade policy, in contrast to moderate activity around the EU-US Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). We identify actors in UK TTIP mobilisation and trace their actions post-referendum, revealing politicisation as campaigners participate in channels for attempting to influence future UK trade policy. In the presence of these channels and lack of full clarity on future policy, to date, recourse to visible mobilisation in the public space has not yet occurred. Tracing this dynamic process, intertwining Brexit and trade policy, enables us to understand how politicisation of one process affects another. Crucially, given the context of re-nationalisation of trade policy, it allows us to explore how politicisation is operationalised in the absence of one of the key conditions for politicisation suggested in the literature: the transfer of authority to a more remote level of governance.

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23

Lemmink, Jacques. "‘Op proef doeltreffend gebleken, kunnen we spreken van een bereikt ideaal’". De Moderne Tijd 5, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2021): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/dmt2021.1.002.lemm.

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Abstract ‘Proved effective on trial, we can speak of an achieved ideal’ Abraham Kuyper and the mechanical voting machine, c. 1895-1905 During the latest presidential elections in the United States, unfounded conspiracy theories sprung up concerning alleged ballot box fraud by compromised voting machines. Although different voting machines had been used in the Netherlands since 1966, concerns over their reliability ended this in 2007. This article investigates the forgotten but ultimately failed attempt to introduce mechanical voting machines a century earlier. It focuses on the role played by prominent politician Abraham Kuyper, who personally visited the Standard Voting Machine Company in Rochester in 1898. The article illustrates how Kuyper’s transatlantic political and religious networks facilitated the voting machine’s transfer, rather than scientific connections. Paradoxically, the introduction of proportional representation in 1917 marked the end of tentative attempts to develop a Dutch version of the American mechanical voting machine. The implementation in the voting process turned out be too expensive, too early, and too complicated for the Dutch electoral system at the dawn of the twentieth century.

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Feys, Torsten. "The Business of Relocating Stranded Americans and Belgian Refugees during the First World War". Journal of Migration History 5, n.º 2 (11 de septiembre de 2019): 248–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23519924-00502003.

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This article provides a business perspective of the role of transport companies in directing transatlantic refugees during the First World War. It details the financial, administrative and logistical barriers that stranded Americans faced at the outbreak of the war. It discusses how authorities, NGOs and especially shipping companies organised the transportation of approximately 150,000 people in a matter of weeks along the well-oiled business networks which transported millions of migrants across the Atlantic. This is compared with the attempts to transfer Belgian refugees across the Atlantic throughout the war. Shipping companies used, in part, strategies similar to those of NGOs to gain authority in directing refugees, yet they saw them as a business opportunity which also explains the differences. It highlights that the dynamics between refugees, authorities, NGOs and transport companies shape migration policies, and argues that those companies should be integrated much more into migration governance studies. The article concludes that transport companies’ expert and logistical know-how made them indispensable actors in implementing migration policies, even when their business interests were severely threatened by wartime mobility restrictions.

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Häberlein, Mark. "The Strange Career of Johann Matthias Kramer: Transatlantic Migration, Language and the Circulation of Information in the Eighteenth Century". European Review 26, n.º 3 (14 de junio de 2018): 448–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798718000157.

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This article examines the career of Johann Matthias Kramer, a language teacher and emigration agent, as a case study to illuminate the intersections between migration, colonialism, cultural transfer and the dissemination of information in the eighteenth century. Kramer’s career spanned diverse places and regions – his birthplace, Nuremberg, the commercial cities of Rotterdam and Hamburg, the university town of Göttingen and the North American colonies of Georgia and Pennsylvania – and it oscillated between two seemingly very different professions. The article argues, however, that both language teachers and emigration agents were highly mobile, usually lacked formal training, and had low reputations, but nonetheless helped to forge important social and cultural links.

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Salcedo, Diego y Kezia Feitosa. "Memória e bibliografia da filatelia brasileira uma análise do Catálogo de Selos Rolf Harald Meyer - RHM". Páginas a&b Arquivos & Bibliotecas, n.º 20 (2023): 267–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21836671/pag20a16.

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The article deals with the memorial aspect of the Brazilian philatelic bibliography. The research aimed at analyzingthe Catalog of Postage Stamps in Braziledited by Rolf Harald Meyer. The research procedure was bibliographic and documentary. The catalogs were accessed in a private library of a bibliophilatelist in Recife. Scientific literature was accessed through BRAPCI, BDTD Capes and SciELO. The survey resulted in a sample of 31 editions of the Catalog produced between 1975 and 2019. This sample was grouped into 3 different time periods: 1975 to 1986,1987 to 1999 and 2000 to 2019 and the data tabulated in Excel. Historical and editorial aspects, data on layout, printing, physical constitution and information architecture were identified. It was concluded that the Catalog has its brand consolidated in Brazil and abroad. It represents the symbolic work of collaborative knowledge between philatelic collectors and traders. It is proposedfor future studies that the Catalog goes beyond graphic studies and information organization and fits into the field of cultural transfer of transatlantic knowledge and the history of the book. It ratifies the postage stamp and its information regime as an object of research in several and different areas.

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27

Duempelmann, Sonja. "Creating order with nature: transatlantic transfer of ideas in park system planning in twentieth‐century Washington D.C., Chicago, Berlin and Rome". Planning Perspectives 24, n.º 2 (abril de 2009): 143–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665430902734277.

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Woźniak, Łukasz, Bartosz Musielak, Peter Bernius, Michael Shrader, Elisabet Rodby-Bousquet, Henry G. Chambers, Lin Feng et al. "Equino-plano-valgus foot in cerebral palsy – clinical principles and surgical techniques review (world perspective). Report from the 5th edition of the Transatlantic Orthopedic Surgery Webinar 2023". Chirurgia Narządów Ruchu i Ortopedia Polska 89, n.º 1 (19 de marzo de 2024): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31139/chnriop.2024.89.1.1.

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Introduction. The fifth edition of the Transatlantic Orthopedic Surgery Webinar 2023 occurred on December 4, 2023. The webinar’s main topic was treating equino-plano-valgus foot in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The event included speakers from Austria, Australia, China, India, Canada, Germany, Poland, Sweden, Turkey, the USA and the UK. Results. The first general session presented epidemiology, biomechanics, muscle function, equinoplano- valgus foot prevention options, and the Silverskiöld test in clinical assessment. It also discussed the principles of deformation treatment, options for orthotic treatment, and pathology treatment in adults suffering from CP. The surgical sessions presented comprehensive surgical techniques for the treatment of clubfoot equinus: sliding calcaneal osteotomy, lateral column lengthening with talonavicular arthrodesis, use of an expandable cage for the lateral column lengthening, double arthrodesis with the transfer of the peroneal muscles, percutaneous soft tissue release with/without arthroereisis, lateral column lengthening with arthroereisis, Grice procedure with talonavicular arthrodesis, lateral column lengthening with medial cuneiform bone plantarflexion osteotomy, lateral column lengthening with duplication of the talonavicular capsule, talonavicular and calcaneocuboid arthrodesis, transfer of the tibialis anterior muscle to the peroneal tertius muscle. The second general session presented methods of assessing the results of clubfoot treatment and postoperative rehabilitation protocols involving upright positioning and walking. Conclusion. The most important conclusions from the event are: clinical assessment and understanding the pathophysiology of the defect is crucial for its proper treatment; non-surgical treatment is recommended under the age of 6; between the ages of 6 and 14, surgical methods that preserve joint function predominate; after the age of 14 a large percentage of patients require performing joint arthrodesis. Nevertheless, arthrodesis should be avoided to correct flexible deformities and to treat patients with high functional requirements. The webinar audience included 583 people from 50 countries. Most participants came from Poland, Spain, Turkey, and Great Britain.

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Gregg, Kelly. "Conceptualizing the pedestrian mall in post-war North America and understanding its transatlantic transfer through the work and influence of Victor Gruen". Planning Perspectives 34, n.º 4 (8 de marzo de 2018): 551–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2018.1437555.

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Arping, Åsa. ""The miss Austen of Sweden"". Tidskrift för litteraturvetenskap 48, n.º 1-2 (1 de enero de 2018): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54797/tfl.v48i1-2.7591.

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”The Miss Austen of Sweden”. Fredrika Bremer in the 1840s America and Historiographical Revaluation How did Fredrika Bremer’s (1801–1865) depictions of Scandinavian family life become so immensely popular in the United States in the 1840s, and what did this transatlantic success have to do with gender, translation, media history, and nation building? In an attempt to trace the prerequisites for the intense yet rather short lived American ”Bremer-mania”, this article focuses on the period 1842 to 1844 – a task greatly facilitated by the last decades’ substantialdigitizing of book collections and historical press material. The investigation shows that Bremer’s breakthrough occurred in a very specific situation in American social-, cultural-, and media history, and that her novels filled certain needs in the ongoing postcolonial struggle to foil British cultural hegemony. In this process, Bremer’s depictions of young women fighting for freedom offered a transfer identity, a position that for obvious reasons was provisional and temporary. As publishers started to invest in local writers, the boom for Scandinavian fiction soon decreased, and has left few traces in the history of the 19th century American novel. Fredrika Bremer’s American career is yet another example of how translated literature and international dissemination is inadequately reflected in national literary historiography. However, considering the last decades’ growing focus on transcultural dissemination, it is eligible that future research pays more attention to the diversity of literary flows and circulations.

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Gräser, Marcus. "Paul Nolte (Ed.), Transatlantic Democracy in the Twentieth Century. Transfer and Transformation. (Schriften des Historischen Kollegs, Kolloquien, Bd. 96.) Berlin/Boston, De Gruyter Oldenbourg 2016". Historische Zeitschrift 307, n.º 1 (5 de agosto de 2018): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hzhz-2018-1386.

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Jennison, Michael. "The Future of Aviation Safety Regulation: New US-EU Agreement Harmonizes and Consolidates the Transatlantic Regime, but What is the Potential for Genuine Regulatory Reform?" Air and Space Law 38, Issue 4/5 (1 de septiembre de 2013): 333–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2013022.

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The recent US-EU bilateral aviation safety agreement represents a new height in the harmonization of aviation safety regulations. It also advances reciprocal reliance on the two side's safety oversight findings. The agreement may even take those worthy goals as far as they can reasonably go. At the same time, an industry group has identified overlapping and inconsistent regulatory barriers to the cross-border transfer of aircraft costing millions of dollars annually and asked the US, the EU, and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for help in reducing unnecessary regulatory barriers. The unfolding implementation of the complex US-EU safety agreement provides an occasion for considering whether true aviation safety reform is possible. As it happens, the FAA is undertaking a sweeping revision of one segment of its airworthiness regulatory code that will strip away the accretion of layered requirements developed over the years and substitute a much leaner, performance-based set of standards. Meaningful regulatory reform is possible, without compromising the gold standard of global safety, but it will require several steps. First, States must continue to work toward continuing compliance with existing global safety standards. Industry can continue to identify regulatory fat that can be eliminated. States can examine their own codes to find regulatory structures ripe for conversion to performance-based rulemaking. Finally, the US-EU partnership can continue to lead the way by moving regulatory reform principles into ICAO's global standard-setting process.

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Hewitt, G. F. "John Gordon Collier, F.R.Eng. 22 January 1935 — 18 November 1995". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 45 (enero de 1999): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.1999.0006.

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John Collier was a chemical engineer who, in his earlier career, was a specialist in two–phase flow and heat transfer. He was formerly Chairman of the UK Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) and was Chairman of Nuclear Electric plc when he died on 18 November 1995. John Collier was born in London on 22 January 1935. His father, Jack Collier, was a musician who was one of the country's leading double–bass players. Jack had turned down the job of lead bass with the Hallé Orchestra at the age of 20 and set out to see the world. While playing in the ship's band on a transatlantic trip he met John's mother (Edith Georgina de Ville, a passenger on the same ship) and married her soon afterwards, in 1925. John was their only child and his infant years were spent in prewar London, his father making a name for himself playing music of a wide variety. During the war, Jack Collier became a member of ENSA, the Forces' entertainment service. His attempts to protect his wife and child against the bombing seemed to be relatively unsuccessful; he moved them to Southampton, Coventry and Manchester in turn! The young John Collier, at the age of six, was actually machinegunned by a German fighter plane flying down a Southampton street. John and his mother finally returned to London just in time for the start of the V1 (flying bomb) raids. All these moves meant that John attended nine different schools during the war years–a very disruptive experience. The family was reunited again after the war but their happiness was short–lived; John's mother (Edith) had a recurrence of the cancer she had suffered towards the end of the war and died in 1948. In 1951, Jack Collier married Guinevere (Jean) Olga Northcote. By this time, he was working freelance, playing with the major London orchestras; he was much in demand. He still did some work with lighter music, particularly on the radio where he played in such programmes as ITMA (Tommy Handley) and The Goon Show (Spike Milligan, Harry Secombe and Peter Sellers), and he later played on television shows such as The Morecombe and Wise Show.

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Jashari, Ruzhdi. "Protection of Personal Data Requirement of Modern Times for the Functioning of the Security, Individual Freedoms and the Rule of Law". European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, n.º 1 (19 de mayo de 2017): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p299-305.

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Rule of law, human rights, freedoms, and security; are the three main pillars to the new trend of global developments, especially in the development of democratic values, where the protection of individual freedoms is among the fundamental principles that have data protection as the center point. In the years 2015-2016 we have seen the major cases of confrontation regarding the wiretapping to that point as the intervention even in the system of the "US election campaign by the Russian hackers", then sending of Macedonia to the "early elections, due to the extraction and publication of wiretaps by Zaev", the review of the "Safe Harbor" Agreement, of the EU and the US regarding the transfer of personal data during free "transatlantic" trade among EU and USA, etc. In this time of globalization, and developments of major movements is been said: "no home", "no time", "no limit", by digitized devices and social networks, privacy of the individual is excessively violated through abuse of personal data, personal security is violated and security of the systems vital to society. Therefore, this way, the national security of a country is been violated and endangered as well. Therefore, the development of institutions for protection of personal data, their independence and empowerment are of particular importance due to the vital interests of the country; where security, justice and freedom have a leading role in the development of a free and democratic society, where the individual human rights and freedoms, have a main place in modern developments of our time, in the society with the rule of law and the diversity of values. Freedoms and human rights, data and privacy protection; according to the European Convention of freedoms and human rights and the 108 Convention of the protection of personal data in automated processing, even though Kosovo has still not signed them. These rights are guaranteed by the constitution. On May 26, 2018 New Rules for the Protection of Personal Data of the EC and the European Union, will be no binding power for all EU countries. The entire legal measures of protection of personal data of the new Rules of PPD, should be forwarded to legislation interior PPD of EU member states and the EC and those who are already signatories to Convention 108 of PPD during the automatic processing of personal data. Among other things, we will give our assessments in question, where Kosovo really stands in this direction, with its commitment and aspirations for integration into European institutions and mechanisms.

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Bendiek, Annegret y Magnus Römer. "Externalizing Europe: the global effects of European data protection". Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance 21, n.º 1 (14 de enero de 2019): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dprg-07-2018-0038.

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Purpose This paper aims to explain how the EU projects its own data protection regime to third states and the US in particular. Digital services have become a central element in the transatlantic economy. A substantial part of that trade is associated with the transfer of data, most of it personal, requiring many of the new products and services emerging to adhere to data protection standards. Yet different conceptions of data protection exist across the Atlantic, with the EU putting a particular focus on protecting the fundamental right to privacy. Design/methodology/approach Using the distinction between positive and negative forms of market integration as a starting point (Scharpf, 1997), this paper examines the question of how the EU is projecting its own data protection regime to third states. The so-called California effect (Vogel, 1997) and the utilization of trade agreements in the EU’s foreign policy and external relations are well researched. With decreasing effectiveness and limited territorial reach of its enlargement policy, the EU found trade agreements to be particularly effective to set standards on a global level (Lavenex and Schimmelfennig, 2009). The existence of the single market makes the Union not only an important locus of regulation but also a strong economic actor with the global ambition of digital assertiveness. In the past, establishing standards for the EU’s vast consumer market has proven effective in compelling non-European market participants to join. Findings As the globe’s largest consumer market, Europe aims to project its own data protection laws through the market place principle (lex loci solutionis), requiring any data processor to follow its laws whenever European customers’ data are processed. This paper argues that European data protection law creates a “California Effect”, whereby the EU exerts pressure on extra-territorial markets by unilateral standard setting. Originality/value With its GDPR, the EU may have defused the problem of European citizens’ data being stored and evaluated according to the US law. However, it has also set a precedent of extra-territorial applicability of its legislation – despite having previously criticized the USA for such practices. By now, international companies increasingly store data of European customers in Europe to prevent conflicts with EU law. With this decision, the EU will apply its own law on others’ sovereign territory. Conflicts created through the extra-territorial effects of national law may contradict the principle of due diligence obligations but are nevertheless not illegitimate. They may, however, have further unintended effects: Other major economies are likely to be less reluctant in the future about passing legal provisions with extra-territorial effect.

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López Aguilar, Juan Fernando. "La proteccion de datos personales en la más reciente jurisprudencia del TJUE: los derechos de la CDFUE como parámetro de validez del derecho europeo, y su impacto en la relación transatlántica UE-EEUU". Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, n.º 39 (1 de enero de 2017): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.39.2017.19165.

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Desde los primeros capítulos de la construcción europea con el Tratado de Roma (1957) que cumple 60 años, la jurisprudencia dictada por el Tribunal de Justicia ha sido determinante para la dimensión constitucional del ordenamiento comunitario. En una secuencia de decisiones históricas, el TJ ha afirmado su primacía, eficacia vinculante y su unidad garantizando su interpretación y aplicación uniforme, pero también, sobre todo, los derechos fundamentales dimanantes de las tradiciones constitucionales comunes como fuente del Derecho europeo (principios generales). Esta doctrina se consolida en Derecho positivo, al fin, con la entrada en vigor del Tratado de Lisboa (TL) en 2009, incorporando el TUE, el TFUE, y, relevantemente, la Carta de Derechos Fundamentales de la UE (CDFUE) con el «mismo valor jurídico que los Tratados» y, consiguientemente, parámetro de validez de todo el Derecho derivado, así como de enjuiciamiento de la compatibilidad de la legislación de los EE.MM con el Derecho europeo.La doctrina del TJUE sobre derechos fundamentales ha sido su proyección sobre la protección de datos en el marco de los derechos a la vida privada, a la privacidad frente a la transferencia electrónica de datos y al acceso a la tutela judicial de estos derechos (art. 7, 8 y 47 CDFUE). En ella conjuga los principios de reserva de ley (respetando su contenido esencial) y de proporcionalidad y necesidad de las medidas que les afecten. Pero, además, esta doctrina ha adquirido un impacto decisivo en la articulación jurídica de la relación transatlántica entre la UE y EEUU, confrontando los estándares de protección de datos a ambos lados del Atlántico e imponiendo garantías de un «nivel de protección adecuado» para los ciudadanos europeos. Este artículo examina el impacto de dos recientes sentencias relevantes del TJ —Asunto Digital Rights Ireland (2014) y Asunto Schrems (2015)— sobre el Derecho derivado (Directiva de Conservación de Datos de 2006, Directiva de Protección de Datos de 1995, y Decisión de «adecuación» de la Comisión Europea de 2000) y sobre instrumentos de Derecho internacional (Acuerdo Safe Harbour) entre la UE y EEUU. Impone, como consecuencia, no sólo una negociación que repare las deficiencias detectadas en ambas resoluciones sino una actualización del Derecho europeo (nuevo Data Protection Package en 2016) y una novedosa Ley federal de EEUU que por primera vez ofrece a los ciudadanos europeos acceso al sistema de recursos judiciales ante los tribunales estadounidenses en la defensa del derecho a la protección de datos (Judicial Redress Act, 2016).Right from the first very chapters of the European construction under the Treaty of Rome (1957), which turns 60 this year 2017, the jurisprudence by the Court of Justice has truly been decisive to shape the constitutional dimension of the European Community legal order. In a series of historical decisions, the CJEU has affirmed its primacy, its binding efficacy and unity, while guaranteeing its uniform interpretation and implementation. But it has also, above all, enshrined the fundamental rights resulting from the common constitutional traditions as a source of European Law (i.e general principles). This legal doctrine has been ultimately consolidated in positive Law, finally, with the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon (TL) in 2009, incorporating the TEU, the TFEU and, most notably, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU (CFREU) with the «same legal value as the Treaties». Charter Fundamental Rights have turned to be, consequently, a parameter for examining the validity of secondary EU legislation, as well as for scrutinizing and reviewing the standard of compatibility of the national legislation of EU Member States with European law. The legal doctrine of the ECJ on fundamental rights has been particularly relevant in its impact on the data protection in the framework of the rights to privacy, privacy with regard to the electronic data transfer, and access to judicial protection of these rights (art. 7, 8 and 47 CFREU). It combines the principles of reservation of law (in due respect of its essential content) as well as proportionality and necessity for legislative measures that might affect them. But, moreover, this doctrine has had a decisive impact on the legal articulation of the so-called transatlantic partnership between the EU and the US, confronting data protection standards on both sides of the Atlantic and imposing guarantees of an «adequate level of protection» for all European citizens. This paper explores the impact of two recent relevant decisions by the ECJ — its rulings on Digital Rights Ireland case (2014) and on the Schrems case (2015) — upon the secondary EU legislation (Data Retention Directive of 2006, Data Protection Directive of 1995, and the «adequacy» Decision of the European Commission of 2000), as well as upon International Law instruments (Safe Harbour Agreement) between the EU and the US. It imposes, as a consequence, not only a negotiation that remedies the shortcomings detected in both decisions, but also a compelling updating of European law itself (new Data Protection Package in 2016) and a new US federal law, which, for the first time ever, provides European citizens with access to judicial remedies in U.S. Courts in defending their right to data protection (Judicial Redress Act, 2016).

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Childs, Peter. "Turbine Aerodynamics, Heat Transfer, Materials and Mechanics. Progress in Aeronautics and Astronautics – Vol 243 Edited by T. I-P. Shih and V. Yang. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191-4344, USA. 2014. Distributed by Transatlantic Publishers Group, 97 Greenham Road, London, N10 1LN (Tel: 020-8815 5994; e-mail: mark.chaloner@tpgltd.co.uk). 694pp.Illustrated. £99. (20% discount available to RAeS members on request). ISBN 978-1-62410-263-9." Aeronautical Journal 119, n.º 1216 (junio de 2015): 793–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000192400001085x.

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Tzanou, Maria. "European Union Regulation of Transatlantic Data Transfers and Online Surveillance". Human Rights Law Review, 4 de marzo de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngw046.

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"European Union and United States Conclude Agreement to Regulate Transatlantic Personal Data Transfers". American Journal of International Law 110, n.º 2 (abril de 2016): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000759598.

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Castillo-Rodríguez, Susana. "African diaspora and the circulation of language: Cuban and Afro-Cuban loanwords in Equatorial Guinea". International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2016, n.º 239 (1 de enero de 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2016-0008.

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AbstractWhen in 1861 nearly 200 emancipated black Cubans settled in the “Barrio Congo” of Fernando Po to work in public construction, a process of language contact initiated. Four years later, a few hundred political activists were deported from Cuba to Fernando Po because of their potential influence in the Cuban revolution. This historical episode might have triggered Cubans’ and Afro-Cubans’ lexical transfers to the Spanish spoken in Fernando Po as a result of the two-way connection of the transatlantic slave trade. Based on royal decrees, archival material and the memoirs of Cuban exiles (Balmaseda, Francisco Javier. [1869] 1874.

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Rubinstein, Ira y Peter Margulies. "Risk and Rights in Transatlantic Data Transfers: EU Privacy Law, U.S. Surveillance, and the Search for Common Ground". SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3786415.

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Iuli, Cristina y Simone Cinotto. "Transatlantic literary transfers in the Second Italian Renaissance: the circulation of Italian culture in the U.S. in the post-war era". Journal of Modern Italian Studies, 6 de marzo de 2024, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1354571x.2024.2304984.

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Fabiani, Jean-Louis. "Bellah’s Durkheim: A fruitful reinvention?" American Sociologist, 5 de julio de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12108-023-09584-1.

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AbstractThe contribution is based on Robert Bellah’s introduction to Emile Durkheim on Morality and Society (1973) and second on other references to the French sociologist in Bellah’s work as well as in Bortolini’s insightful remarks on the “homology” between Durkheim and Bellah. The publication of the book took place in a time of Durkheimian effervescence: Steven Lukes’ Emile Durkheim.His Life and Work was published on the same year and a new Durkheimology appeared in the English-speaking world: attention shifted from methodology, as expressed in Suicide or in the Rules of Sociological Method, to morality with a focus on the moral basis on a non-pathological society. Bellah’s statement is quite strong: Durkheim can “be seen as a theologian of French civil religion”. The paper will examine’s this point of view with respect to the state of French society at the turn of the century and Durkheim’s social project. One side question concerns the choice of texts: the editor did not give enough weight to texts that might have strengthen Bellah’s point of view, particularly l’Education morale. Bortolini mentions Bob’s long and silent work on Durkheim and his critique of mainstream analysis of The Elementary forms of Religious Life, reducing religion to a mere projection of society (:142). The biographer insists on the ambivalent, if not contradictory, vision of Durkheim in Bellah’s work, in which he finds a key to the interpretation of the oeuvre. The article focuses on how to account for its complexity, which is never as clear as in the interpretation of Durkheim’s sociology in a post-rationalist direction. Bortolini’s concept of role model/hero incarnated by the founding fathers (here Weber and Durkheim) is analyzed in connection with Parsons’ reconstitution of a pantheon. The question of civil religion is reexamined in the light of the transatlantic transfers carrying different meanings of civil religion.

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Lévy, Clément, Nathalie Roelens, Sandrine Baudry, Zeenat Saleh y Marta Alvarez. "Colloque international « Transferts, transgressions, transformations : évolution de la ville américaine / Transfers, Defiance, Alteration : Evolutions in American Cities »". Transatlantica, n.º 1 (9 de julio de 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/transatlantica.6817.

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Scott-Smith, Giles. "Exiles on Main Street: The Centrality of Exile in Transatlantic Relations". Exile History Review, n.º 2 (27 de diciembre de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/ehr.16817.

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This article explores the meaning of exile in political theory and its importance within our understanding of political organization and more specifically transatlantic relations. Attention for the political ramifications of the movement of people across borders is divided among the study of diasporas, forced migration, and cultural transfer, as well as exile. The article covers the definition of the term and its use in the Western political tradition, focusing on its meaning and its relevance for conceptions of political progress under modernity. By examining the use of “exile” in relation to Latin American politics, the article puts forward a contrasting critical sketch of exile in transatlantic relations through the 20th century.

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"Transatlantic Transmission of Touch". Eureka! 39, n.º 04 (abril de 2019): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0261-2097(22)60426-x.

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Léchenet, Annie. "Transfert et évolution des idées républicaines à l’ère des Révolutions, d’Angleterre aux Etats-Unis". Transatlantica, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/transatlantica.1151.

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Abougabal, Esraa Adnan Fangary. "Transatlantic Commerce And Protecting Privacy Through Cross-Border Data Transfer Agreements". مجلة الأمن والقانون, 2019, 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.54000/0576-027-002-005.

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AUBERT, ANNETTE G. "Johann August Neander's Influence on American Church Historiography: Translation and Knowledge Transfer". Journal of Ecclesiastical History, 26 de junio de 2023, 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046923000556.

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This article examines the English translations of works by Johann August Neander (the reputed father of modern church history) in order to consider his transatlantic influence. American editions of Neander's work supported the development of church historiography in nineteenth-century America, and influenced the direction of mediating theology at American academic and religious institutions. Besides identifying the agents who championed these translation efforts, the article explores how translations of church history texts supported knowledge transfer from Germany to America. Neander's books received positive attention in the translation culture of the 1830s, and he gained a reputation as a model scholar of church history.

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Müller, Julian. "Import and export of ideas: Georg Simmel in Chicago, George M. Beard in Berlin". Journal of Classical Sociology, 28 de julio de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468795x231186933.

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The influence of Georg Simmel on American sociology has been repeatedly pointed out. Robert E. Park and the Chicago School of Sociology in particular owe important impulses to Simmel. It is sometimes overlooked, however, that Simmel himself drew on imported knowledge in his famous essay ‘Die Großstädte und das Geistesleben’ when focusing on the nervousness of the city dweller. This article will therefore tell the brief story of a reciprocal transatlantic knowledge transfer between Berlin and Chicago. It looks at the mutual fascinations and influences, examining both the Americanisation of knowledge and the Europeanisation of experience.

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