Tesis sobre el tema "Trajectoires de changement de pratiques"
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Yan, Elodie. "Des principes agronomiques à la pratique : décrire et interpréter les dynamiques d'adoption des cultures associées en France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB046.
Texto completoCrop mixtures, including variety and species mixtures (or intercrops), are an effective crop diversification practice for managing pests and diseases. In recent years, we have seen an increase in the area cultivated with variety mixtures - particularly wheat - and species mixtures. However, some mixtures, such as cereal-legume intercrops, still account for only a small share of arable land in France. Indeed, technical, material, and economic barriers and the lack of knowledge and references hinder the adoption of crop mixtures by farmers.The aim of this thesis is to study crop mixtures under current agricultural conditions to produce references on their performance in terms of input use and production and to analyse the dynamics of adoption at farm and territorial levels. To this end, we used a mixed approach, combining analysis of databases and field surveys, and a multi-scale approach, linking the plot and the cropping system, the farm and the territory.Our results suggest that some mixtures are more effective than others in reducing chemical inputs and underline the importance of the choice of varieties and species in designing mixtures that meet farmers' objectives. Collective work, exchanges with peers and adapted support from advisory services can help to overcome several obstacles to the adoption of associated crops. On farms, the composition of intercrops and the areas allocated to them are likely to evolve, depending on the farmers' objectives and constraints, and outlets for the intercrops. As they gain experience, farmers refine their knowledge of the practice, which also helps them to develop their intercrops. These changes, along with peer-to-peer interactions, are responsible for the adoption dynamics observed at the territorial level. Finally, our study shows that even in particularly dynamic areas, difficulties remain and seem to lead to the abandonment of the practice after a few years of testing. These cases, therefore, need to be studied in greater detail to refine our understanding of the processes involved in adopting crop mixtures
Bidet, Jennifer. "Les vacances au bled de descendants d'immigrés algériens : Trajectoires, pratiques, appartenance". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20100.
Texto completoFor at least thirty years now, descendants of North African immigration in France have been at the centre of scientific and political debates. Defining degrees and rhythms of integration or identifying forms of discrimination, sociological analysis of the descendants of migrants has generally analysed life practices and social trajectories from the perspective of the country of birth and residence. This work proposes an alternative perspective by describing and analysing the material links that are maintained with the country of parental origin through an apparently minor phenomenon: holidays trips to the country of birth of their parents – in this case, Algeria.This thesis explores questions of affiliation and feelings of belonging that are raised in these trips, taking into account the various social backgrounds and trajectories (social class, sex, age and generation, family status) of the descendants who participated. Affiliations are not merely questioned through declarations or symbolical links to the country of origins (such as language or religion), but also through the description and analysis of material practices around holidays trips in Algeria. This analysis of practices reveals different ways of maintaining relations with the country of origin, between roots tourism, consisting of finding one’s place in family or national history, and leisure tourism, in which affiliations are based on current social relationships with family and/or friends.This research is based mainly on qualitative methods (interviews and observations) implemented both in France (around the city of Lyon) and Algeria (specifically in the area of Setif, the main region of origin for Algerian families in Lyon). The description and analysis of present-day practices is completed by a longitudinal perspective on the evolutions of these holidays practices. These evolutions are analysed both from the point of view of the descendants and their families, and the point of view of the source state of emigration, Algeria
Amable, Bruno. "Changement technique endogène en économie ouverte : institutions et trajectoires nationales de croissance". Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0029.
Texto completoNational growth are functions of the quality of their international specialization, the latter is influenced by endogenous technological change. Phenomena such as dynamic economies of scale engender cumulative trajectories that combine economic growth and competitiveness. Institutional mechanisms in each country explain national differences with regard to cumulative mechanisms linked to technological change
Le, Bras Stéphane. "Négoce et négociants en vins dans l'Hérault : pratiques, influences, trajectoires (1900-1970)". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30026.
Texto completoAs the XXth century is opening, the market of Languedoc wines is made particularly unstable by the wild consequences of the phylloxera crisis: wines produced in abundance by vineyards recently planted in the South are added to quantities of cheated wines and imported ones which saturate the market. In these troubled and new circumstances, the wine wholesalers from Languedoc are also affected by these profound upheavals. Indeed, being essential intermediaries between the production and the consumption, they experience numerous transformations in their practices and in their inscription within commercial networks spreading mainly on the national territory. Through the study of original administrative, institutional, labor-union, entrepreneurial and family archives on a relatively long time, this work analyzes in a diachronic and systematic way the trajectory of a heterogeneous social and professional group, yet constituting a homogeneous economic agent. Using different scales and a variation of the focal distances between 1900 and 1970, this study aims at deciphering the mechanisms of domination and influence of a major figure of the French wine-producing history, then the factors of its progressive disappearance. Following the tradition of the socioeconomic works on the wine civilization from Languedoc, this thesis studies a long-time forgotten operator of the southern and national wine-growing industry, the wine wholesaler from Hérault. It redraws the fate of a leading player of the sector, who is facing success and ordeals, conveying its peak then its decline
TAVAKOLI, YAZDEKHASTI BEHDJAT. "Manuels scolaires et changement social : evolution historique et pratiques pedagogiques". Toulouse 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU20069.
Texto completoThis micro-sociological study of the primer school manuals, from the years 40 to days tends to a macro sociological interogation over school as a socialising institution placed in acontext of social change. The two principal methodological orientations of these research : synchronical and diachronical analysis of the teaching content and the analysis of the perceptions and use of the manuals by the teachers, will allow to demonstrate that school, by the use of the pedagogical tool, the manual, make sure of the continuity and even the reproduction of a certain number of values, models, ideals together with a certain integration of change. This study will by it evolutionary and comparative perspective, and by its ackno ledgment of the historicity had to consider the school socialisation from a dynamic view point, and not as a simple integration process
Varastefar, Afsaneh Yazdekhasti Behdjat. "Manuels scolaires et changement social évolution historique et pratiques pédagogiques /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619292s.
Texto completoEscobar, Ana Paulina. "Pratiques, trajectoires et projets des journalistes indépendants : l'évolution du journalisme numérique en Equateur". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCH002.
Texto completoJournalism in the digital age is a constantly evolving field worldwide, including in Ecuador. Are digital uses changing the profile and skills of journalists? If professional practices have changed, what about the nature of journalism? Are the new digital projects a form of professionalization for journalists, or rather a strategy to precise their space and professional recognition? Through five case studies, we have devoted this research to exploring and analyzing the evolution of journalistic practices and trajectories of Ecuadorian digital professionals and media over a period of constant changes and crises, which includes the pandemic.We analyze 1) professional skills, profiles, practices and knowledge of the profession; 2) bridges between the fields of journalism and communication; 3) experiential discourse in Ecuadorian digital media; 4) work dynamics following the integration of Twitter in newsroom and 5) the practice of collaborative journalism in the context of the health crisis.This study starts from a theoretical and conceptual basis about journalism and journalists in the digital age, the importance of professional training, visibility and mechanisms of professional recognition, and the digital space as a fertile ground for new editorial projects. By comparing French and Spanish literature, this thesis is based on info-communication approaches to journalism, articulated to recognition theory. Its aim is to analyze the evolution of journalistic practices in the digital age, and the ways in which journalists invest in and use technology to gain visibility and recognition within their professional groups. The results of our research lead us to identify the digital era as a space conducive to the emergence of new professional practices and trajectories, as well as new editorial projects
Elsabbagh, Mayada M. A. "Mécanismes précurseurs de changement développemental dans la cognition : trajectoires d'organisation perceptuelle typiques et atypiques /". Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24713003.
Texto completoCismigeanu, Luminita. "Changement organisationnel dans une perspective d'apprentissage : le développement des pratiques professionnelles". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30092.
Texto completoKertenian, Isabelle. "Variété des pratiques professionnelles et trajectoires de décision : application au domaine de la santé". Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX24014.
Texto completoRynikiewicz, Christophe. "Contrainte d'environnement global et changement technique induit : vers des trajectoires d'innovations radicales dans la sidérurgie". Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21013.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to investigate the responses of the steel industry sector to the global carbon constraint (permits, taxes) and specifically the ULCOS (Ultra Low CO2 Steelmaking) technologies. The analysis relates more precisely to the conditions of the greening of innovations, the selection of new incremental and radical innovation and the inter-technology competition. It takes into account the uncertainty of the selection environment (evolution of the prices of energy, carbon, raw materials, steel demand, conditions of competition). The influence of the modification of the induced relative prices under different simulations is dealt with a partial equilibrium model. Complementary concepts of industrial economics and investment under uncertainty related to the decision, adoption and diffusion of technologies have been explored. I highlight the promising complementary work of integrating anticipation of actors and imperfect competition. The methodology developed is potentially useful for other sectors (industries of cement, paper, aluminium…). This case study on steelmaking illustrates the theoretical framework of the pluridisciplinary scientific agenda IHDP-Industrial Transformation that combines evolutionary and neoclassical economics of technical change
Guillaume, Olivier. "Pratiques innovatrices et construction du "sens organisationnel" : le cas des démarches de qualité". Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090020.
Texto completoFel, Fabienne. "Les trajectoires de mise en oeuvre des démarches d'ingénierie concourante". Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100089.
Texto completoA very large number of firms try today to speed up the avaibility of their new products in the market. To achieve this, they implement within their new product development process approaches known as concurrent engineering. These processes require both significant organizational changes and the use of computerized tools. Our research aims at defining and analysing the trajectories followed by companies during the implementation of these processes ; it also aims at studying the link between the followed trajectories and the result of the processes devoted to the speeding up of the development measured from the angle of time limits reduction. To achieve our goals, we conducted a study among 250 french firms from various industries. We gathered from these companies data regarding, on the one hand, the means and tools used for concurrent engineering, and on the other hand, the time when they were implemented. Our results prove the existence of very differentiated trajectories, althought some main trends can be identified. We suggest a classification of the trajectories along the two axes that most diffentiate these trajectories : the first axis regards the nature either brutal or progressive of the changes brought in the development process ; the second axis reviews the means implemented according to their type (organizational means or computerized tools). The analysis of the link between followed trajectories and the results of the concurrent engineering processes highlights the existence of a threshold effect, the latter requires the implementation of a large enough number of means of concurrent engineering to reduce development cycles. Our results also show the absence of a link between followed trajectories and the success or failure of development acceleration process
Belalia, Abdelmounim. "L'usage des TIC dans les réseaux interorganisationnels et changement des pratiques des acteurs". Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090035.
Texto completoCharmarkeh, Houssein. "Pratiques médiatiques, usages des médias sociaux et trajectoires migratoires des Somaliens en France et au Canada". Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030099.
Texto completoTechnologies are omnipresent in our society, from social media, to satellite television and Internet broadcasting and shape the way we live, work, and interact. It has also transformed the international migration, making it possible for migrants to maintain strong ties between their host society and country of origin. Many studies have been conducted on the usage of ICT by migrants in the host country; however, there is limited research on the use of ICT by refugees during their migratory paths. This study focuses on the analysis of media practices and uses of social media by Somali refugees from Somalia to France (Rennes, Angers and Paris). In addition, this field survey is multi-sited and covers the relationship between the media practices and identity reconstruction of Somalis in two Canadian cities, Ottawa and Toronto. Despite the emergence of studies on the Canadian Somali community, very little research exists on the analysis of media practices Somalis, particularly in the domestic context. The methodological approach used in this study is based on an epistemological posture via the tools of critical ethnography and multi-sited. Critical ethnography aims to address the social and economic inequalities in which Somalis live in France and Canada. The results of this research show that the refugees, who are often labelled as being under-equipped with limited knowledge of computers, know how to use social media (Facebook, Youtube) and instant communication tools (Skype, MSN Messenger,VoIP) and information technologies and communication. We will also see how the collective use of YouTube videos, television and radio by Somalis in Canada and France has a complementary role to that of the institutions responsible for safeguarding the memory and transmission of cultural identity. The production and reception of video, radio and television broadcasts of the Somali community symbolize "traces" or efforts to rebuild Somalia. Through detailed analysis of media practices in the context of migration, this study seeks to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on the use of ICT by Somali refugees
Pégourdie, Adrien. "Les provinces de la musique : Pratiques professionnelles, trajectoires et rapports au métier des instrumentistes classiques limougeauds". Limoges, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIMO2003.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to analyze the practices of an artistical profession in the provinces. Taking as investigation framework four musical institutions situed in the same area, i. E. The urban area of Limoges, this research tries to demonstrate the local diversity of the instrumental performers profession. This diversity, as a variety of practices, of social and professionnal trajectories and of relationships with the work itself, is not to be interpreted as a product of the local logics, but has to be connected with the main structure of the classical music field. The local institutions and the Limoges' musicians must be replaced in a general dynamic, and the existence in the same area of differenciated positions and of a diversity of status in this field must be emphasized. This work tries not to dissociate teaching form performing in classical music by leading the research in four fields of investigations : two music academies and two orchestras. The classical instrumentalist profession being characterized by the blending between teaching and performing activities, this thesis studies the different ways teaching practices and instrumental performances interact with each other. Teaching positions and thefunction of musical teacher, far from being seen as an object of uniformity, in their recrutment, perception and curriculum, are exposed in their diversity. The principles of this diversity, and the modes of its construction, permit to reinstate teaching in its complexity, contesting the premise of an artistic upstaging of the educational commitment
Forte, Jung Ran. "Chevauchés par les dieux : Initiations des Occidentaux aux cultes Vodun béninois : pratiques culturelles et trajectoires identitaires". Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0282.
Texto completoThis thesis examines the transformations experienced by the Vodun religion in the last decade, taking as a starting point the analysis of a singular phenomenon: the inclusion of Westerns in Beninese circuits of religious practice. Examining the initiatory paths of Europeans in Benin, the study addresses broader questions on the reproduction and change of a religious system. While identifying a peculiar dynamic of reproduction of such cults and drawing the major features and configurations of contemporary Vodun, the thesis questions how the religious experience is constructed, both individually and collectively. Describing spiritual journeys of Westerns who initiate themselves to the cults, this work shows how new cultural products and innovative subjectivities are fabricated in encounters of “foreigners” with Vodun worlds. The case of Westerns initiation rituals questions directly the “globalization of religious experience” and how new cultural identity are formed in such contexts
Gomez, Marie-Léandre. "Dynamique de la construction de connaissances organisationnelles au cours de pratiques de planification". Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100015.
Texto completoWhereas organizational knowledge has become a major concern for both researchers and pratitioners, the effects of managerial practices on knowledge construction remain to explore. This research aims to anlyze the nature of organizational knowledge construction and to investigate its dynamics during planning practices. Within a socio-constructivist perpective, knowledge is structured, used and re constructed through action in a social context, and organizational knowledge is knowledge relevant for organizational action. The state of the art orientates this research towards logic of discovery. The goal is to understand bad-known phenomena and to provoke the emergence of new theoretical elements. It is based on the principles of abduction. It elabores conjectures on the mechanisms of organizational knowledge construction and propôsitions about the effects of planning practices on knowledge construction. .
Cissé, Modibo. "Les pratiques cognitives, bases de la dynamique du changement économique et social au Niger". Caen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CAEN1045.
Texto completoCissé, Modibo. "Les Pratiques cognitives, bases de la dynamique du changement économique et social au Niger". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376127031.
Texto completoRuiz, Jacques. "Les pratiques du contrôle des systèmes d'information dans les organisations : étude exploratoire". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20206.
Texto completoBesançon, Emmanuelle. "Théories et pratiques du changement institutionnel en économie solidaire : une approche institutionnaliste par l'innovation sociale". Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0055.
Texto completoInstitutional change appears as an essential element in the theory of solidarity economy. If it does put forward a conception of institutional change as democratie change (democratization of the political and economie life), we argue that this one, considering its complexity, cannot be approached at a global level. Starting from how it is viewed by theorists of the solidarity economy, we have sought to identify concrete forms and practices taking an active part in institutional change, as well as to highlight the processes by which they diffuse into the economy. Also, we advocate in this thesis the fact that an approach based on social innovation is more than relevant. Besides the growing interest it is currently attracting, we insist on the double process of creation and diffusion of innovations, but also on the transformation of the institutions that appear as the players aim. Thus, the understanding of institutional change underlying solidarity economy can be improved by an institutionalist analysis of its economie implications. This proposal seems all the more well-founded that solidarity economy, as being a recent theoretical field, is still widely perceived as a non-economic issue. Therefore, this contribution hopes to improve the analysis of institutional change in solidarity economy
Brisepierre, Gaëtan. "Les conditions sociales et organisationnelles du changement des pratiques de consommation d’énergie dans l’habitat collectif". Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H023.
Texto completoThis thesis is a sociological examination of concrete problems that result from energy savings in group housing. It is based on inductive research conducted by means of field surveys involving residents as well as housing and heating professionals. The central idea is to show how, beyond technical and economical factors, energy consumption in housing is a social and organizational construction. From an ethnographic description of practices in the home that involve energy consumption — particularly heating practices — it shows that many constraints limit the leeway that people have in the domestic sphere. The organizational analysis of heating management in public housing and energy renovation in co-ownership shows conflicts of interest among the professionals in the field of energy savings. A real reduction in energy consumption is possible when residents are able to participate in collective decisions concerning their building
MONTEL, BERTRAND. "Environnement et changement des pratiques dans des elevages bretons : interet des systemes de management environnemental". Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INAP0035.
Texto completoBenabid, Mohamed. "Pratiques de consommation et processus de changement organisationnel : cas du marché de l'information en ligne". Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080044.
Texto completoThe literature on change does not adequately capture the influence of micro-organizational determinants such as consumption practices. By mobilizing two theoretical frameworks, the neo-institutional theory (NIT) and technology acceptance model, and relying on the online information market in Morocco, our thesis aims to better take into account this perspective. Our research is comprehensive and explanatory and uses a mixed qualitative-quantitative methodology through a pragmatic epistemological positioning. Our results show that consumer-driven change in online information is not motivated by an institutional agenda or, to put it another way, by shifting the course of events. It seems to be only a collateral effect of his activities. Our research also highlights the institutional status of consumer practices, which are driven by regulatory, normative and cognitive institutional pillars. While the cognitive pillar of free information provides organizational opportunities for change in the context of the electronic press, it continues to challenge the issue of monetization. The results of our quantitative analysis also suggest the existence of significant relationships between the intention to purchase online news and cognitive constructs: the free mentality, perceived fairness, perceived credibility. We show that monetization is a question of both technical and psychosocial factors that continue to be a barrier to the challenges of the economic model
Vincensini, Caroline. "Les trajectoires nationales de propriété en Pologne, Hongrie et République tchèque : une analyse comparative du changement institutionnel post-socialiste". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010018.
Texto completoAmat, Amandine. "Le changement climatique de la simulation aux modes d'existence : étude de trajectoires climatiques de villes et d'entreprises en Alsace". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG023/document.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the ultimatum imposed by the climate change phenomenon in contemporary Western society : changing the model of society or risk collapse (Diamonds, 2006). The major ordealt hat is required was that of otherwise inhabit the Earth around another project : the fight against climate change. Many publications (Aykut, 2012 ; Dahan, 2015 ; Latour, 2015 ; Roques, 2013 ;Stengers, 2009) describe the inability of state institutions to build a common project to respond to climate challenges. In this situation, the "critical" studies note the important place that has taken the simulation at the expense of concrete and sustainable action. Climate modelling, political and economic simulations, sociological diagnoses, literary fiction, climate change is largely invested by the narrative. Our field immersions have shown that other scales of action are already actively seized ofthe climate deal. Cities and businesses are in fact more likely to take a position in the energy and climate challenge. It follows that some statements, by their position mediators had given way to concrete experiments. Taking a pragmatic approach, inspired by the l’Enquête sur les modes d’existence proposed by Latour, and enriched by the model of Économies de la Grandeur of Boltanski and Thevenot, this thesis attempts to describe the various modes of existence of the climate problem from territorial collectives. We also assuming the rear of influence cultural plans and attachments in producing climate strategies by local actors
Amat, Amandine. "Le changement climatique de la simulation aux modes d'existence : étude de trajectoires climatiques de villes et d'entreprises en Alsace". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG023.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the ultimatum imposed by the climate change phenomenon in contemporary Western society : changing the model of society or risk collapse (Diamonds, 2006). The major ordealt hat is required was that of otherwise inhabit the Earth around another project : the fight against climate change. Many publications (Aykut, 2012 ; Dahan, 2015 ; Latour, 2015 ; Roques, 2013 ;Stengers, 2009) describe the inability of state institutions to build a common project to respond to climate challenges. In this situation, the "critical" studies note the important place that has taken the simulation at the expense of concrete and sustainable action. Climate modelling, political and economic simulations, sociological diagnoses, literary fiction, climate change is largely invested by the narrative. Our field immersions have shown that other scales of action are already actively seized ofthe climate deal. Cities and businesses are in fact more likely to take a position in the energy and climate challenge. It follows that some statements, by their position mediators had given way to concrete experiments. Taking a pragmatic approach, inspired by the l’Enquête sur les modes d’existence proposed by Latour, and enriched by the model of Économies de la Grandeur of Boltanski and Thevenot, this thesis attempts to describe the various modes of existence of the climate problem from territorial collectives. We also assuming the rear of influence cultural plans and attachments in producing climate strategies by local actors
Hobeika, Graziella. "Analyse multiniveaux des trajectoires de changement associées aux démarches d'e-gouvernement : étude de cas de deux ministères au Liban". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA100146.
Texto completoOur research focuses on analyzing the transformational impact of e-government at two ministries in Lebanon.The literature on e-government, particularly in the context of developing countries, is limited. Furthermore, the transformational impact of e-government has not been empirically explored, giving rise to ongoing debates between optimistic and pessimistic views of the phenomenon. This calls for the mobilization of a holistic perspective to better capture the complexity of e-government and to deepen the understanding of the changes it could trigger.We sought to examine the evolution of change trajectories, driven by e-government initiatives, within the ministry of Finance and the ministry of Public Health in Lebanon over the 1992-2010 period, which is emblematic of the modernization of the Lebanese public sector through IS.We have developed a conceptual framework that combines the neo-institutional theory with the IT-enabled organizational transformation theoretical perspective, which enabled an integral reading of the change unfolding at macro, meso and micro levels at the two ministries.Our results show different trajectories of change. Within the same institutional context, the e-government initiatives deployed at the two ministries, drive, in one case, a trajectory of profound change and a real transformational impact, while in the other, they generate a trajectory of superficial change and a limited transformational impact. These two trajectories of change highlight a tangle of internal and external factors which largely affect the transformational impact of e-government
Lalande, Jocelyne. "Pérouse au fil des mots et du quotidien : trajectoires de la mémoire et pratiques communautaires dans l'Italie contemporaine". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0021/NQ48199.pdf.
Texto completoChabault, Vincent. "Un déclassement négocié : la fnac : histoire d'entreprise, trajectoires socioprofessionnelles et pratiques de travail des générations d'employé(e)s". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0039.
Texto completoOver education has characterized integration into the job market for young adults. This research aims to study this problem through the case of one company, FNAC, and generations of its workers. Founded in 1954, this company constitutes a favourable workplace through which to study employees' career paths and how overeducated workers manage to get along in their jobs. One of the earliest large chain stores in France, the FNAC, as can be seen through an examination of its social and business history has a longstanding policy of recruiting over educated staff. The cultural identity of the firm, the strategies used to maintain this identity and the fringe benefits offered to workers all help employees adapt to their jobs and compensate for the situation of over education. How have different generations of FNAC shop assistants, in various economic c1imates, succeeded in appropriating badly paid and unskilled jobs? The research addresses this question through an analysis of work practices, career paths, and labour union participation. This investigation concerns an emerging social c1ass: this category involves people who are not considered to be members of the working c1ass because they hold university degrees, and are not associated with the middle class because of their low economic status
Bénazéraf, David. "Produire la ville avec les Chinois en Afrique : l'impact des pratiques chinoises d'urbanisme dans les trajectoires urbaines africaines". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010560.
Texto completoUrban development has become a growing sector within China-Africa relations. The Chinese contribute to the urbanization process in Africa. By combining development aid and business, a number of Chinese stakeholders – urban planning and design institutes, construction firms, and real estate developers – design and build there, on various scales, a great variety of projects such as urban roads, housing estates, satellite-towns, special economic zones planned as new cities. Chinese urban development projects in Africa have sped up the metropolization processin the largest African cities by making suburban areas denser and denser. This has contributed to the development of a new urban stratum in Africa. Chinese projects have been boosting the rise of the African urban middle class by facilitating access to better standards of living. At the same time, the export of Chinese urban development practices conveys an image of success andallows China to strengthen its soft power
中国对非洲城市发展的贡献: 中国城市规划式对非洲城市化的影响城市发展已成为中非合作越来越重要的行业。中国对非洲城市化进程作出了贡献。众多中国城市建设专业机构(城市规划设计研究院,施工企业,房地产开发商)在非洲设计和建造各类的城市发展项目: 城市道路、住宅区、卫星城市和经济特区。中国在非洲城市发展项目对加快特大城市的大都市化和密集化作出了贡献。这些项目已经推动一些非洲城市开始产生新的城市阶层。在非洲的中国项目推动非洲中产阶层的崛起,帮助他们方便获得更好的生活条件。同时,中国城市规划设计的走出去传达中国城市发展的成功形象,有利于中国加强自己的软实力。关键词:中非合作,城市发展,城市发展实践,大都市化,城市阶层,房地产,全球化,软实力,援助,新兴国家和发展中国家。
Neves, Jorge. "La gestion de la communication dans les pratiques du changement technologique : réflexions à partir de trois études de cas". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ECAP0226.
Texto completoLabastida, Martín del Campo Julio. "Mexique : légitimité et changement de régime". Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHESA089.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to study recent politic changes in Mexico (1988-2000), changes being defined as a transition of an " authoritarian " government into a " democratic " one. The main hypothesis of this work is that this period is caracterized by a change of rules in the access to power, linked with a growing contest of the legitimacy of the post-revolutionnary political system. Elements of changing in the political practice and culture in Mexico are brought in the fore thanks to an analysis of new electoral behaviours and their social context
Henaff-Pineau, Pia-Caroline. "Pratiques physiques des seniors et vieillissement : entre raison et passion : analyse sociologique de la transformation des pratiques avec l’avancée en âge". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA113006.
Texto completoThis work concerns the sociological analysis of changes in sports practices with age. After a quantitative study that characterizes the socio-cultural specificities of practicing seniors aged 50 or more and their activities, follows a qualitative study based on a corpus of 124 interviews conducted with men and women aged from 51 to 89, athletic and more particularly engaging in the following 3 types of activities : keeping-fit gymnastics, long runs and tennis. From the analysis of their evolution in sports emerge typical backgrounds for which gender, academic qualifications and generation are discriminatory variables and underline the importance of retirement as a key moment for the intensification, commitment or re-commitment to an activity. Veteran champions were studied separately. Furthermore, from a perspective of sociology of the experience, sportsmanship and changes with age express the very complex system of personal perception of ageing by these individuals as well as the effects of physical exercise on health and the place of sports in older age. This way, athletic old people subscribe mainly to the two following opposed strategies of adaptation of physical activity: the first one lies in saving strength whereas the second one in the escalation of efforts. These choices, which vary according to age, gender, academic qualification, are the result of a negotiation process that the individual engages in with himself but also with others (loved ones, their doctor) and ranges from reasonable exercise to passionate practice
Scouarnec, Aline. "Pratiques de gestion par les competences et perception des salaries : une analyse des effets sociaux". Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN0590.
Texto completoLauria, Philippe. "L'approche évolutionniste en économie du changement technique : concepts et mise en oeuvre : un modèle à deux marchés de trajectoires d'entreprises". Grenoble 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE21011.
Texto completoTaking up biological topics and models and following the heterodox questions of dynamic economics (schumpter, simon. . . ), the evolutionary approach is an attempt to aviod the empediments of technical change analysis. The contribution starts with a systematic explanation of evolutionary fundations (bounded rationality, diversity in structures and firm behaviours, disequilibrium) and concepts (competition and selection, routines, paradigms and techno-economic trajectories). The methodological outlets are of two kinds : taxinomies of industrial structures behavioral models. The second contribution is an analysis of a simulation model (silverberg, 1988) of techno-economic firms trajectories with learning. The model is then extended to give elements of answer to the problem of competition under a require of products variety
Hervé, Nicolas. "Analyses de pratiques d'enseignement de savoirs de la physique stabilisés (l'énergie) et controversés (le changement climatique)". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776520.
Texto completoBoudrahem, Samir. "Pratiques professionnelles et d'organisation : entre permanence et changement. Approche monographique d'un établissement de santé, ex-sanatorium". Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE29001.
Texto completoThe subject of social practice (be it at an individual or collective scale) continues a remarkable field of research. Although we are interested in the way they were elaborated and set in the daily work of the practitioners, our goal is to understand how and why such practices can go on for more or less long times in the life of people and establishments; in the contrary how and why other practices are more prone to evolve. We chose a more than hundred year old medical centre as a ground for our study (former sanatorium). We considered professional action as well as organisation system. We soon realized that we had to go far back to grasp the mechanics involved in the process of continuity/change of the practices carried out by different employees in the centre. Since its origins, it has transformed its facilities, equipment and staff so that it could provide healthcare corresponding to the shifting needs of the population. This implies that the staff had to think about new working strategies. We noticed that the different members of the centre have not forgotten about the past which generated a rich heritage (property, tools and customs). The employees claimed that the legacy of their predecessors and experience helped them to establish new professional practices. Theses changes are substantial compared to the legacy inherited from the sanatorial period (external appearance of the building) which is still present today. Through the study of this case, we asked ourselves about the weight of past habits and the difficulties that the practitioners have to leave old items, even when the latter have proved to be of no use
Hervé, Nicolas. "Analyses de pratiques d’enseignement de savoirs de la physique stabilisés (l’énergie) et controversés (le changement climatique)". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU20107/document.
Texto completoThe importance that takes the scientific and technical expertise in policy decisions questions both the figure of the scientific and the citizen. How can we learn to participate in the political decision-making by mobilizing scientific expertise ? In this context the teachnig of science and technology is criticized because it deals more wit "science made" (scientific facts) than science in "action" (a social construction of facts). The aim of this work is to investigate some conditions for integrating science "in action" in the actual practice of teaching, focusing on how two physics teachers teach energy, which is a stabilized content knowledege and climate change, which is a sociocontroversial issue.This analysis is structured around the Joint Action Theory in Didactic (JATD), supplemented by a communicative approach and an analysis of the 'language games"
Asquin, Alain. "La dynamique processuelle des trajectoires organisationnelles : une reconsidération critique des représentations du changement par la mise en évidence d'un principe d'équilibration entre expérience et expérimentation". Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0046.
Texto completoTraditional perpectives on organisational dynamics are mainly determinist or reversluy too much confident in social actorss. In order to outmach such proposals, one can develop a processual point of view the processual aspect is due to a gradual motion of organisation, based on the combination of experience and seach for new experimentations. This combination prevent from the traps of mere exploitation or mere exploration and preserve the firm viability. Models of evolutionary economics are usefull for organisational theory. They sublign the deep conceptual interest of a gradually developped "trajectory" therefore, this stream is still residually determinist. This lead to investigate what could be endogeneous in fluctuations of trajectory dynamics. The crossing of self-organisation principles and theory of "ambiguity" generale a very intresting flied for research. Then, we propose an original model for evolution based on the interaction of three main factors: micro-diversity, incompletedness and organisational learning
Ferar, Driss. "Construire des pratiques de management des ressources humaines durable au Maroc". Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN0682.
Texto completoIn a logic of permanent change, Morocco adopts ambitious structural reforms pioneers in the MENA region. These reforms aimed a sustainable management of human resources capable of meeting performance and the needs of well-being for present and future generations. Above speech, the question is precisely how to build sustainable HR management practices for Morocco tomorrow. To answer this research question, we adopted a qualitative methodology based on an interpretivist epistemology which resulted in two stages: an exploratory study aimed 37 interviewed and prospective study targeting 45 players’ experts. The prospective method pioneered in Morocco, has the advantage of being both a qualitative and quantitative research. In order to build a sustainable HRM in Morocco, we have structured this thesis in two parts : a first theoretical part of three chapters is based on a conceptual approach (management, performance and prospective). The second part is empirical and present in four chapters our methodological choice and the main research results
Zouaghi, Salma. "Implication des femmes dans le cycle de changement des produits d'ameublement domestique : manifestations du désir de changement, pratiques de consommation divergentes et contribution au design écologique". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H309/document.
Texto completoHome furnishings are subject to an acceleration of their renewal cycle. This phenomenon has ecological and sanitary consequences. This research analyzes the consumption practices of these products by women, the gender that is most interested in interior design and decoration. It studies the factors that drive the desire for change, such as the feeling of weariness, the habits and frequencies of renewal, and women's concerns towards ecological issues. The implementation of research and treatment methods, ail coming from social sciences, highlights a category of consumers who resist to the consumption of industrialized products and choose consumption practices that are mainly based on DIY and recycling. These "cultural creatives" individuals are at the origin of the emergence of an ethical culture that is growing and that will undoubtedly modify the values that will shape the society of the future. The designers are more than ever invited to look more closely at this new profile of consumers in the idea of participative production : the co-design
Pulliat, Gwenn. "Vulnérabilité alimentaire et trajectoires de sécurisation des moyens d'existence à Hanoi : une lecture des pratiques quotidiennes dans une métropole émergente". Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955158.
Texto completoPulliat, Gwenn. "Vulnérabilité alimentaire et trajectoires de sécurisation des moyens d’existence à Hanoi : une lecture des pratiques quotidiennes dans une métropole émergente". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100159/document.
Texto completoWith a focus on underpriviledged urban dwellers’ everyday practices in Hanoi, this study aims to show the construction of individual and household food insecurity in a city where living standards have dramatically improved over the last three decades. It demonstrates that food budget plays a key role in livelihoods management in an unstable context, by serving as a tool for underprivileged people to adjust to shocks. Therefore, individuals’ food vulnerability should be understood as a long-term livelihoods securitization process.This study shows that livelihoods securitization is based on sustaining social networks. These networks are constantly reactivated by an ongoing circulation of money and goods, and they are the basis of daily mutual assistance at the ward scale. This reveals a strong relationship between lived space and solidarity networks in which risks are mutualized.The analysis of people’s working trajectories shows a high capacity for adaptation, with individuals rearranging their livelihoods (jobs, food production for family’s consumption, rental income, etc.) according to their need and the changes in their environment. Nevertheless, in the context of a metropolizing city, the people’s capacities to take advantage of this development varies greatly. This contrast is reinforced by the fact that resources developments (economic, social, spatial) have a cumulative effect. As a consequence, inequalities are deepened in Hanoi, both at the city scale and wards scale.Such inequalities can be seen in the increasing differences between food practices and consumption patterns among urban dwellers. Products as well as their origines get more diverse, creating new safety concerns ; purchasing places diverge more and more between the rich and the poor ; and foodborne diseases appear while malnutrition issues remain. All along the food supply chain, current shifts illustrate a process that can be called food emergence.Finally, this study reveals that it is primarily non-food phenomenons that result in food insecurity ; it widens the food security framework. In this way, the analysis of urban dwellers’ daily practices provides an illustration of the ongoing urban emergence process of Vietnamese capital
Dahan, Aubépine. "Mettre en œuvre le changement dans une organisation professionnelle publique? : Pratiques et identité professionnelles face aux réformes". Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST0050.
Texto completoBased on an empirical study of how academics did or did not adopt new practices after the reform of doctoral school in France, my PhD thesis studies how a top-down organizational reform can change practices among autonomous professionals. New practices are effectively adopted only when they make sense relatively to extant professional identities. The latter do not evolve in response to a precise steering by the reformers, but to new problems definition by the professionals, leading to new ways of doing. Consequently, a radical change of practice implying an evolution of identity cannot be steered from top-down, but only supported by the organizational structure. Regular contacts between professional groups and with other stakeholders (users, citizens, funders) create a favorable context for such a change. My thesis discusses the possible scope of action for reformers in professional public organizations and the levers of change they might rely on
Dhenain, Sandrine. "Les territoires littoraux languedociens face aux changements globaux : trajectoires et politiques d'adaptation". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0002/document.
Texto completoSince the 2000s, adaptation to climate change has been a new consideration for local territories in France, but its implementation is complex. Adaptation is not only a new issue for public policies but also a concept tinted with a semantic blur. At the same time, it is presented as a very technical issue. It is often highlighted as a state to reach. Decision-makers can "operationalize" adaptation by simply applying a specific methodology. However, adaptation is not only a mechanism but it is also a process that implies economic, social and ecological trade-offs for socio-ecological systems. These political dimensions are often implicit. Our work focuses on adaptation process and public policies. We studied local public policies implemented and discussed for the coastlines on the eastern coastal area of Languedoc Roussillon in the south of France that is facing global changes. We combine vulnerability and resilience approaches with sociology/political science in order to investigate adaptation pathways and local public policies and instruments. We conducted an empirical analysis of local actions and strategic plans related to climate but also to urban planning, flooding and water management. In order to provide a vehicle to clarify this concept of adaptation and its political dimensions, we propose a typology of adaptation measures. We found four logics that associate different political instruments and reflect different degrees of transformation. Secondly, we show that the issue of adaptation is framed differently by the different stakeholders. We show the gap between the national frame of standards and multiple local frames. Those frames can limit the panel of solutions that are discussed locally and can allow for compromises. The different types of actions constitute the ‘repertoire’ of adaptation but its implementation is constrained by local configurations of actors, power relationships. Throughout our work, we have highlighted the political dimensions of adaptation actions, power relationships and governance issues. We shed a light on trade-offs inherent in adaptation choices
Awondo, Patrick. "Homosexualité, sida et constructions politiques : ethnographie des trajectoires entre le Cameroun et la France". Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0514.
Texto completoThis thesis represents the first ethnographical sum on the emergence of an homosexual mobilization in sub-Saharan Africa. Through 9 chapters, it investigates the politicization of the homosexuality in Cameroon. A strategic choice considering the controversial current events of the homosexuality in this country; the thesis analyzes the springs of the homophobia, by showing how the criticism of the unpopular Stae instrumented homosexuality in a moral and sexual panic. Through 5 chapters of the first part, the work investigates the politicization of the homosexuality, the role of those who stand against homosexuals (religious, media, cultural citizens etc. ), the emergence of an homosexual movement, and also the counter-mobilizations which it faces. A special point is the coverage of the AIDS by the young associatives with supports of transnational associations in particular French to mitigate the space of the State. The second part (4 chapters) analyzes the "gay-mobilities" towards France. Some trajectories explaining the routes of the sexual migrants are restored by a typology which goes from "adventurers" to the "nomads" and to the "sexual refugees" to whom is dedicated an entire chapter. Last two chapters are respectively dediated in positioning of the African homosexuals in the homosexual conventional 'milieu" in Paris and to the situation of these persons in terms of the confrontation HIV/AIDS as a risk. A new analysis of "Black homosexuals" mobilization between "the fight against AIDS and identity constructions buckles the thesis"
Boilard, Amélie. "Les pratiques d’habilitation du supérieur immédiat et la conduite des employés en contexte de changements organisationnels". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/139.
Texto completoLardeau, Matthieu. "Changement institutionnel et managérialisation : transformation de la presse quotidienne nationale française et des pratiques professionnelles journalistiques (1944-2010)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX32068.
Texto completoHard news press faces the early beginnings of a deep institutional change through a managerialization process of newsrooms’ and journalistic practices management. Using the new institutionalism theory we assume to scrutinize this change through studying emerging conflicts between institutional logics – and underlying institutional logics – Inside newsrooms. We particularly notice that the strength of the dominant logic (since 1944 in France) – the editorial logic – that traditionally shapes and governs the newsroom and journalistic practices’ management is eroding; thus sometimes the competitive logic – the business logic –appears dominant or a new hybrid logic – combining elements from editorial and business logics – comes up. We have done extensive ethnographic studies inside newsrooms of three French major national newspapers, La Croix, 20 Minutes, and Le Parisien-Aujourd’hui en France (from 2007 to 2009). As a result we offer a first deep description of the characteristics of journalist-managers and analysis of their daily practices, and we show the major role played by these journalist-managers in the managerialization process. We also identify the three major situations that face the French Press groups regarded to managerialization: some newsrooms are still ruled and shaped by the editorial dominant logic; some that face a shift in the dominant logic – from the editorial to the business one; some that experience the attempt to define a hybrid institutional logic that only appears at a proto-institutionalization stage. Our socio-historical analysis of this deep institutional change process that affect the hard news press (from 1944 to 2010) finally invites to consider the evolution of the underlying struggle for power to run the Press firms involving shareholders, managers, and journalists; we assume journalist-managers play and will play the major role in shaping the orientation and content of managerialization process