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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Trait génomique"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Trait génomique"
Burt, David W. y Paul M. Hocking. "Mapping quantitative trait loci and identification of genes that control fatness in poultry". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 61, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2002): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2002185.
Texto completoVIGNAL, A., C. DIOT, C. MOLETTE, M. MORISSON, T. FARAUT, M. RAO, F. PITEL, V. FILLON y C. MARIE-ETANCELIN. "Génomique des canards". INRAE Productions Animales 26, n.º 5 (19 de diciembre de 2013): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2013.26.5.3168.
Texto completoLE MIGNON, G., Y. BLUM, O. DEMEURE, E. LE BIHAN-DUVAL, P. LE ROY y S. LAGARRIGUE. "Apports de la génomique fonctionnelle à la cartographie fine de QTL". INRAE Productions Animales 23, n.º 4 (14 de noviembre de 2010): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2010.23.4.3313.
Texto completoPICARD, B., B. LEBRET, I. CASSAR-MALEK, L. LIAUBET, C. BERRI, E. LE BIHAN-DUVAL, F. LEFEVRE, J. F. HOCQUETTE y G. RENAND. "Des marqueurs génomiques au service de la qualité de la viande". INRA Productions Animales 28, n.º 2 (13 de enero de 2020): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2015.28.2.3024.
Texto completoROMÉ, H. y P. LE ROY. "Régions chromosomiques influençant les caractères de production et de qualité des oeufs de poule". INRA Productions Animales 29, n.º 2 (9 de julio de 2019): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2016.29.1.2521.
Texto completoMULSANT, P. "Glossaire général". INRAE Productions Animales 24, n.º 4 (8 de septiembre de 2011): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.4.3273.
Texto completoTRIBOUT, T. "Perspectives d’application de la sélection génomique dans les schémas d’amélioration génétique porcins". INRAE Productions Animales 24, n.º 4 (8 de septiembre de 2011): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.4.3270.
Texto completoPons, Christophe. "Le « partenariat attentif » de la cosmologie islandaise". Hors-thème 29, n.º 2 (12 de diciembre de 2005): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011898ar.
Texto completoGauguier, Dominique y Marie-Thérèse Bihoreau. "Nouveaux outils de cartographie génétique et génomique pour les études des traits complexes chez le rat". médecine/sciences 24, n.º 5 (mayo de 2008): 545–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2008245545.
Texto completoPépin, L., Emmanuel Camus, Gérard Matheron y Albert Bensaïd. "Utilisation de microsatellites comme marqueurs génomiques pour l’étude de la résistance à la cowdriose". Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 46, n.º 1-2 (1 de enero de 1993): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9364.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Trait génomique"
Toubiana, William. "Towards an adaptive and genomic understanding of an exaggerated secondary sexual trait in water striders". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN058/document.
Texto completoFrom the DNA molecule to the more complex phenotypes, variation is a universal process in life and living organisms. The innumerable differences that exist between species are probably one of the most manifest examples. Yet, all this diversity would never have occurred in nature without some pre-existing divergence within species. One of the most striking examples of intraspecies variation appears in sexual organisms, between males and females. Understanding the environmental and genetic factors influencing sexual divergence is a longstanding question in evolutionary biology. To this end, I focus here on a new insect model system, Microvelia longipes, which has the particularity to have evolved an extreme case of sexual dimorphism in the rear legs. Males display exaggerated long rear legs compared to females but also an extreme variability in these leg lengths from one male to another. We identified that M. longipes males use their exaggerated legs as weapons during male-male competition. Males with longer legs have more chance to access females on egg-laying sites and therefore increase their reproductive success. Moreover, fitness assays and comparative studies between Microvelia species revealed that the intensity of male competition was associated with the exaggeration and hypervariability of the rear legs in M. longipes males. In a second approach, we studied the developmental and genomic basis of this sexual dimorphism through a comparative transcriptomic analysis and identified genes and genomic regions associated with male exaggerated legs and ultimately with sexual selection. Overall, the integrative approach used in this work allows to establish Microvelia longipes as a promising new model system to study the influence of sexual selection in adaptive evolution
Rain, Franco Angel. "Consequences of environmental disturbances on community structure and functioning of aquatic prokaryotes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03730170.
Texto completoMicrobes are impacted by environmental disturbances affecting the functional stability of microbial communities. However, their responses are complex, difficult to elucidate and the mechanics of functional stability are still poorly understood. In this thesis, I investigated microbial responses to environmental disturbances from single populations to complex communities. For the single population approach, we addressed the transcriptional response of single bacterial populations with varying niche breadths along an environmental gradient. To address the consequences of disturbances at the community level, we have established and tested a protocol for cryopreserving complex microbial communities to improve the replicability of experimental studies with natural microbial aquatic community assemblies as inoculum sources. Furthermore, we have experimentally exposed complex aquatic microbial communities to pulsed disturbances to study the consequences of such disturbances on community structural changes and broad functional parameters, such as bacterial growth efficiency. Finally, we have inspected in more detail the consequences of pulsed disturbances on processes involved in nitrogen cycling. During this thesis, I particularly focused on isolates and communities that originated from coastal aquatic habitats that provide important ecosystem services
Barry, Pierre. "Rôles des contraintes génomiques et des traits d'histoire de vie dans la spéciation : une approche de génomique comparative". Thesis, Université de Montpellier (2022-….), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UMONG007.
Texto completoSpeciation is the evolutionary process through which a species splits into two lineages that diverge and accumulate reproductive barriers, until complete reproductive isolation is achieved. During this process, the diverging lineages can still exchange genes by hybridisation, but gene flow is progressively restricted by the accumulation of barriers. This results in semi-permeable genomes, whereby some loci exchange freely between lineages and remain undifferentiated while others do not introgress, thus contributing to the establishment of divergent genomic regions, called genomic islands of speciation. The study of the establishment, accumulation, erosion and maintenance of these barriers and their effects on the semipermeability of the genomes of lineages undergoing speciation helps to understand how new species are formed. The advent of high-throughput sequencing techniques has made it possible to characterise the genomic landscape of divergence in multiple lineages undergoing speciation across the tree of life. These studies have shown the influence of the demographic history and genomic architecture as major determinants of the genomic landscape of divergence. However, other factors could intervene and explain the diversity of evolutionary trajectories that may or may not lead to speciation. The main objective of this thesis is to assess the impact of species' life history traits on speciation. We have chosen to study 20 marine fish species subdivided into two lineages (Atlantic and Mediterranean), and presenting a wide diversity of degrees of divergence and life history traits. These traits are thought to impact on the intensity of genetic drift, dispersal abilities and generation time of the species. In the first chapter, we studied the determinants of genetic diversity, the substrate on which divergence is built during the initial separation of lineages. We observed that adult longevity of marine fishes is negatively correlated w ith genetic diversity, and we demonstrated that this relationship could be explained by a greater variance in reproductive success in long-lived species due to reproductive strategies specific to marine fishes (high juvenile mortality, low adult mortality and increased fecundity with age). Then, in a second chapter, we discovered a great diversity of evolutionary histories between species, characterised by a strong gradient of genetic divergence between Atlantic and Mediterranean lineages. This gradient partly reflects the level of semi-permeability of the genomes. Species with low differentiation show low reproductive isolation, whereas the most highly differentiated species show almost complete reproductive isolation. Species' life history traits partly explain this diversity in isolation levels via different mechanisms. Larval duration negatively influences genetic differentiation by modulating dispersal capacities, the effect of body size indicates a negative effect of long-term abundance on divergence, while longevity seems to impact the number of generations elapsed since ancestral separation. In conclusion, the 20 species studied show a surprising variability of evolutionary histories considering the similarities of their biogeographic history and genomic architecture. The relationships between life-history traits and the evolutionary history of the species proved to be complex, but we were nevertheless able to shed light on some of them by decomposing the involvement of traits in the different stages of speciation. The application of the comparative genomics approach developed in this thesis to other suture zones will further extend our knowledge of the determinants of the tempo and mode of speciation
Croué, Iola. "Évaluation génétique et génomique de nouveaux caractères en bovins laitiers". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA033/document.
Texto completoThe implementation of genomic selection makes possible the inclusion of new traits in breeding goals, by taking advantage of the opportunities coming from the increased genetic trend on traits currently under selection. Breeders, breeding companies and society all have changing expectations regarding genetic selection. Two groups of new traits were analyzed in the context of genetic improvement of dairy cattle: carcass traits of young bulls in dual-purpose breeds and claw health traits in Holstein, in order to prepare the implementation of genetic and genomic selection on these traits. For both sets of traits, suitable genetic evaluation models were developed and genetic parameters were estimated. Genetic parameters reveal that genetic selection of carcass traits of young bulls appears to be fairly easy and that selection of claw health traits is going to be more difficult, but possible, given the existing genetic variation. They also highlight that there is no strong negative genetic correlation between carcass traits of young bulls and dairy production traits. Finally, they reveal that there are two genetically distinct groups of claw health traits. Several strategies to account for non-exhaustive recording of cows for trimming were tested. Several evaluation approaches were compared. For both sets of traits, Single-Step Genomic BLUP was the most promising approach, although other (two-step) genomic approaches allowed for relatively similar accuracies and control of bias. These studies led to the implementation of routine genetic and genomic evaluations for both sets of traits, for which a usual two-step genomic approach was preferred over Single-Step Genomic BLUP for consistency with the current evaluation of other traits. However these two examples illustrate the benefit of implementing routine Single-Step Genomic BLUP evaluations. The main questions and principal steps identified in these studies were gathered into tentative guidelines for the development of genetic evaluations for new traits
Cortijo, Sandra. "Etude des variations épigénétiques liées aux séquences répétées comme source de changements phénotypiques héritables chez Arabidopsis thaliana". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00742834.
Texto completoFiguet, Emeric. "Impact génomique des stratégies d'histoire de vie et reconstruction de traits ancestraux chez les amniotes". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS101/document.
Texto completoUnderstanding the reciprocal influence between genotype and phenotype has been a long-standing goal of modern biology. Many aspects of evolution at the molecular level are well known to respond to demographic or life history characteristics of species. In particular, the nearly-neutral theory postulates that small populations accumulate a heavier load of slightly deleterious substitutions in their genome as a result of increased genetic drift. Base composition has also been shown to reflect the influence of macroscopic parameters through the mechanism of GC-biased gene conversion. However, the development and empirical validation of these theories are mostly based on a restricted diversity of organisms, in which mammals stand as a major contributor. In this thesis, using a comparative approach and tens of transcriptomes, we aimed at extending to Amniota our understanding of the determinants of molecular evolutionary patterns. With the incorporation of all clades of reptiles, we confirmed the major role of the effective population size on species ability to purge deleterious amino-acid changes, while revealing a paradoxical response of the dN/dS ratio in birds, raising a stimulating enigma. The biased gene conversion also emerged as the main driver of coding sequence GC content in vertebrates, including reptiles and fishes, whose genomic homogeneity had kept its signal hidden for long. In parallel, the relations between life-history traits and molecular parameters have enabled us to investigate and make progress in the field of ancestral body mass reconstruction. We focused on the Cetartiodactyla order, a group which is mainly characterized by large extant species (such as camel, giraffe or whales). The combined analysis of the yet untested mitochondrial marker and nuclear genes, including 21 newly sequenced transcriptomes, testified in favor of the singular result of a small cetartiodactyl ancestor, in agreement with the palaeontological record, demonstrating the strong potential of DNA sequences to reveal the past of organisms
Tran, Thanh-Son. "Etudes génomiques chez la poule : applications à la résistance au portage de salmonelles et la digestibilité". Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4013/document.
Texto completoThe QTL detection protocols vary depending on the model studied, because they depend on many parameters. This thesis has focused on how to adapt these protocols through two examples of QTL detection in Chicken, using two different statistical methods: maximum likelihood (ML) and linear regression (LR), which results were compared on two examples. Initially, QTLs controlling resistance to Salmonella carrier-state have been identified, of small effects and whose positions vary according to the method. In a second step, QTLs controlling digestibility and anatomy of the gastro-intestinal tract were identified with similar results for both methods. Many QTLs of small to moderate effects were identified. The results of this thesis show that the comparison of the two methods is always helpful as under certain conditions the results may vary with the method
Brachi, Benjamin. "Étude de la variation naturelle de traits phénologiques chez Arabidopsis thaliana par une approche de génomique écologique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10112/document.
Texto completoTwo complementary approaches need to be considered in the study of adaptation. The first approach aims at describing the genetic architectures and the genetic bases of phenotypic variation in order to better understand the adaptive walk followed by natural populations toward a phenotypic optimum. The second approach aims to identify the environmental grain of the ecological factors acting as selective pressures in natural populations. In this work we studied the natural variation of phenological traits in Arabidopsis thaliana. We used a powerful combination of genome wide association (GWA) mapping and traditional QTL mapping to fine map the genetics of phenological traits measured under two environments. This dual mapping strategy revealed a strong environmental dependency of both allelic effect and identity of the genes underlying natural variation, but also that natural A. thaliana populations may have followed different adaptive walks. A. thaliana populations were sampled according a hierarchical geographic pattern and characterized ecologically, phenologically and genetically. This strategy revealed that phenological traits were adaptive to fine-grained environmental conditions defined by both climate and soil conditions. In the study of the adaptive walks followed by A. thaliana natural populations, this two sided approach, combining both genomics and ecology, suggests that the description of the genetic architectures and the identification of causal genes should be performed at different spatial scales, following a hierarchical geographic design, and that phenotypes must be measured in ecologically realistic conditions
Hallin, Johan Henning. "Élucider les facteurs génétiques à l'origine de la variabilité des populations par phénomique et génomique de masse". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4010/document.
Texto completoThe phenotypic variation between individuals in a population is of crucial importance. It allows populations to evolve to novel conditions by the natural selection of beneficial traits. Variation in traits can be caused by genetic or environmental factors. This work endeavors to study the genetic factors that underlie phenotypic variation in order to understand how variation can be created from one generation to the next; to know what genetic mechanisms are most prominent; to learn how variation can extend beyond the parents; and finally, to use this in order to predict phenotypes of unknown genetic constellations. We used large scale phenomics and genomics to give an unprecedented decomposition of the phenotypic variation in a large population of diploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Constructing phased outbred lines by large scale crosses of sequenced haploid strains allowed us to infer the genetic makeup of more than 7,000 colonies. We measured the growth of these strains and decomposed the phenotypic variation into its genetic components. In addition, we mapped additive and nonadditive quantitative trait loci, we investigated the occurrence of heterosis and its genetic basis, and using the same populations we used phenotypic and genetic data to predict traits with near perfect accuracy. By using the phased outbred line approach, we succeeded in giving a conclusive account of what genetic factors define phenotypic variation in a diploid population, and in accurately predicting phenotypes from genetic and phenotypic data. Beyond the phased outbred line project, I am currently investigating the genetic basis of gamete inviability and complex traits in intraspecies yeast hybrids. Using 9,000 sequenced gametes from six different hybrids we aim to characterize their recombination landscape and how the genetic background influences it. Furthermore, we have phenotyped these gametes in nine conditions and will dissect the genetic architecture of these traits across multiple genomic backgrounds
Saclier, Nathanaëlle. "Origine des variations de taux d’évolution moléculaire inter-spécifiques : apport d’un modèle génomique en milieu souterrain". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m69p310z.
Texto completoThe rate at which DNA accumulates substitutions varies widely among species. Rate variations have been imputed to species intrinsic features (metabolic rate, life history traits) or to the environment characteristics (ionizing radiations, selection pressure). The aim of this PhD project was to investigate the main hypotheses explaining variations in the rate of molecular evolution between species. To achieve that, we combined the unique properties of subterranean isopods from the Asellidae family and high-throughput sequencing data from the nuclear and mitochondrial genome. Asellidae species have made multiple independent transitions to subterranean environments where subterranean species have repeatedly evolved a lower metabolic rate, a longer lifespan and a longer generation time. Moreover, because they are poor dispersers, they are exposed to the same environment across many generations, allowing us to compare species with long-term contrasted features in term of life history traits and environmental characteristics. We found that generation time negatively impact the rate of molecular evolution in the nuclear genome whereas the mitochondrial rate remained unchanged. We also found an increase of the mutation rate for species living in naturally highly radioactive environments. Finally, the study of the rate of molecular evolution variation at a global scale brought forward a systematic bias which needs to be taken into account in studying the link between the mutation rate and diversification
Libros sobre el tema "Trait génomique"
Saunak, Sen y SpringerLink (Online service), eds. A Guide to QTL Mapping with R/qtl. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag New York, 2009.
Buscar texto completoBroman, Karl W. y Saunak Sen. A Guide to QTL Mapping with R/qtl. Springer, 2009.
Buscar texto completoBroman, Karl W. y Saunak Sen. A Guide to QTL Mapping with R/qtl. Springer, 2011.
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