Literatura académica sobre el tema "Train autonome"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Train autonome"
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Hafter, G. H. "BOA—the RAPT's New Concept for its Urban System". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 206, n.º 1 (enero de 1992): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_218_02.
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This mini-paper describes the background to the decision of the Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RAPT), the Paris Transport Authority, to develop a new form of rolling stock for operation on the urban Métro network (as opposed to the RER), where car size is severely constrained by a tight loading gauge and extremely sharp curvature. The object was to provide for better passenger distribution throughout a train, coupled with a reduction in overall weight and a reduction of waste space between vehicles, with a consequent increase in the effective passenger capacity.
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Asuka, Masashi, Kenji Kataoka, Kiyotoshi Komaya y Syogo Nishida. "Automatic Train Operation Using Autonomic Prediction of Train Runs". IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 128, n.º 12 (2008): 1365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.128.1365.
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Asuka, Masashi, Kenji Kataoka, Kiyotoshi Komaya y Syogo Nishida. "Automatic Train Operation Using Autonomic Prediction of Train Runs". Electrical Engineering in Japan 175, n.º 3 (15 de febrero de 2011): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.21080.
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Evseev, K. B., B. B. Kositsyn, G. O. Kotiev y A. A. Stadukhin. "On the issue of caterpillar trains controllability evaluation at the design stage using a complex of natural-mathematical modeling". Trudy NAMI, n.º 1 (24 de marzo de 2022): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-1-35-51.
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Introduction (problem statement and relevance). The insurance of the required safety level is getting more relevant in connection with the intensive implementation of remote control systems being developed for vehicles with varying degrees of motion autonomy. When transporting bulky and heavy loads off-road by remote-controlled tracked trains it is advisable to use the methods of full-scale mathematical modeling at the design stage to evaluate the operational properties of the remote-controlled tracked trains associated with undetermined actions of the driving operator.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the controllability of caterpillar trains transporting goods off-road with the help of a natural-mathematical modeling complex.Methodology and research methods. To assess the controllability of caterpillar trains, the mathematical model requirements for a complex of full-scale mathematical modeling were worked out, taking into account the mathematical model of caterpillar train motion. Using the method of natural-mathematical modeling, the controllability of a caterpillar train was evaluated when moving along a “snake” type trajectory.Scientific novelty and results. The methods presented in this paper and the developed mathematical model, suitable for a complex of natural-mathematical motion modeling, allow to determine the indicators of tracked trains operational properties associated with non-deterministic control actions of the driver operator and the disturbing effect of the road conditions. The novelty of the work lies in the developed mathematical model and the possibility of its application in the complex of natural-mathematical motion modeling for the study of operational properties and load modes of unmanned tracked trains. As a result of the study, the caterpillar trains controllability evaluation has been made when moving along a “snake” type trajectory as well as assessment of the caterpillar trains transmission load.Practical significance. The developed mathematical model allows determining the indicators of caterpillar trains operational properties at the design stage using a complex of natural-mathematical motion modeling. In addition, when performing virtual races, one can get data on the modes of transmission and select required characteristics.
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Rousseau, Eric, César Augusto Melo-Silva, Simon Gakwaya y Frédéric Sériès. "Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of upper airway muscles during sleep in obstructive sleep apnea patients". Journal of Applied Physiology 121, n.º 5 (1 de noviembre de 2016): 1217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00487.2015.
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We tested the hypothesis that stimulating the genioglossus by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) during the ascendant portion of the inspiratory flow of airflow-limited breaths would sustain the recruitment of upper airway dilator muscles over time and improve airway dynamics without arousing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. In a cross-sectional design, nine OSA patients underwent a rTMS trial during stable non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Submental muscle motor threshold (SUB) and motor-evoked potential were evaluated during wakefulness and sleep. During NREM sleep, maximal inspiratory flow, inspiratory volume, inspiratory time, shifts of electroencephalogram frequency, and pulse rate variability were assessed under three different stimulation paradigms completed at 1.2 sleep SUB stimulation output: 1) 5Hz-08 (stimulation frequency: 5 Hz; duration of train stimulation: 0.8 s); 2) 25Hz-02 (stimulation frequency: 25 Hz; duration of train stimulation: 0.2 s); and 3) 25Hz-04 (stimulation frequency: 25 Hz; duration of train stimulation: 0.4 s). SUB increased during NREM sleep (wakefulness: 23.8 ± 6.1%; NREM: 26.8 ± 5.2%; = 0.001). Two distinct airflow patterns were observed in response to rTMS: with and without initial airflow drops, without other airflow variables change regardless the stimulation paradigm applied. Finally, rTMS-induced cortical and/or autonomic arousal were observed in 36, 26, and 35% of all delivered rTMS trains during 5Hz-08, 25Hz-02, and 25Hz-04 stimulation paradigms, respectively. In conclusion, rTMS does not provide any airflow improvement of flow-limited breaths as seen with nonrepetitive TMS of upper airway dilator muscles. However, rTMS trains were free of arousals in the majority of cases.
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Sato, Toru, Doug McCann y Cristen Ferguson-Isaac. "Sociotropy—Autonomy and Situation-Specific Anxiety". Psychological Reports 94, n.º 1 (febrero de 2004): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.1.67-76.
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Sociotropy and autonomy are conceptualized as two personality dimensions that relate to individuals' vulnerability to anxiety and depression. Sociotropy is characterized as an excessive investment in interpersonal relationships, and autonomy is characterized as an excessive concern with independence as well as a lack of concern for others. The present study investigated the relationships between sociotropy–autonomy and trait anxiety associated with four types of situations, i.e., Social Evaluation, Physical Danger, Ambiguous Situation, and Daily Routine. 255 undergraduate students completed the Sociotropy–Autonomy Scale, the Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Analyses indicated that scores on Sociotropy were positively correlated with rated trait anxiety in situations of Social Evaluation, Physical Danger, and Ambiguous Situations, whereas scores on Autonomy were positively correlated with rated trait anxiety in Daily Routines. These findings are discussed in the context of the diathesis-stress model of anxiety and depression.
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Rangøy, Øyvind. "Train of Language, Train of Thought: Notes on an Exophonic Anomaly". Interlitteraria 26, n.º 1 (31 de agosto de 2021): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2021.26.1.16.
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The creation of poetry with literary value in a non-native language often invites questions about how this is possible to achieve. This question, however, can be turned around: is there something in being an exophonic poet that, rather than being an obstacle, could make the development and maturing of a poetic language possible? Adam Zagajewski writes that ardor, not irony, can be primary building blocks, and about the ideal of being ‘in between’. Ben Lerner writes about the sources of Hatred of Poetry and sees poetry as a potential that can never be completely realised. Being between languages causes the reality of language as one of many possibilities to be always present. The result can be construed as a poetic of time and light, but also of a reconciliation at depth warranted by the poetic ethos. Language becomes aware of itself, its autonomy and inherent lack of objectivity, and this becomes less naive and prone to cliches, but this awareness need not spiral into self-dissolving irony. Rather, it may seek to reconcile the possible ways of seeing the world into a new sense of sincerity. It inspires creative and playful use of language, gives heightened awareness of possible metaphors even where the sense of the transferred image is absent within the framework of one language. This has the potential to change perception of language and reality in a way that makes poetry almost possible.
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Zakiati, Elsa, Mastuang Mastuang y Suyidno Suyidno. "Feasibility of Learner Autonomy Oriented Physics Learning Material to Train Student’s Science Process Skills". Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika 7, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2019): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/bipf.v7i2.6405.
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Low level of student’s science process skills is due to the lack of use of experiments in learning. The study was conducted to produce learning materials which oriented to valid, practical, and effective learner autonomy; so that it is feasible to train student’ science process skills. The research uses the ADDIE development model design including Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate. The research subjects were 30 students of class X B TKJ in one of vocational high school at Banjarmasin. The research instrument used a validation sheet, observation sheet from the lesson plan, observation sheet of science process skills, and test the learning outcomes of students. Further data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed: 1) learning materials which oriented to learner autonomy were valid because the lessons plan, teaching material, student worksheet, and learning outcomes test were in the valid category, 2) learning materials which oriented to learner autonomy including practical because the component of lessons plans with direct instruction, guide inquiry and cooperative learning type group investigation in very practical categories, 3) learning materials which oriented to learner autonomy is effective because the cognitive N-gain tests are 0.51 in the medium category; 4) observations of science process skills in good categories and the result of N-gain science process skills tests are 0.76 in the high category. It can be concluded that the learning materials which oriented to learner autonomy were feasible to practice science process skills vocational high school’s students.
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Cui, Wei, Si Yu Qian, Yan Lin, Jia Ye, Yang Liu, Hai Feng Yang y Ya Jun Li. "Neusoft Software Talent Train Mode Research". Advanced Materials Research 267 (junio de 2011): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.267.170.
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The software industry needs a large number of software professionals. However, the majority content that students in schools have learned is theory, so that every software company is facing the issue of letting students master the work skills as soon as possible to meet the needs of the work. Other issues include the shortage of high-level developers, the shortage of talents and difficulty of updating the knowledge of developers. Neusoft’s personnel training has a very good model. For college students, it uses Business Training Center to improve practical skills; for working staff, it fully takes into account the existing foundation of staff and uses the training complex system which combines face-to-face, e-learning and a variety of ways. Thus matching autonomy with strength and meeting diverse training needs of staffs with lower cost.
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Petri, Dennis P. "Abrasive rights - The scope and limitations of religious autonomy". International Journal for Religious Freedom 16, n.º 2 (14 de diciembre de 2023): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.59484/hsad4843.
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Freedom of Religion or Belief, or FoRB, provides for autonomy of religious communities, including freedom to organise themselves, to train their leadership, and to educate their members, without government interference. Tensions between the tenets of the religious community and the wider society are inevitable. In this article, we justify religious autonomy through three lenses: transactional, traditional FoRB, and minorities. If people are free to join and leave the community, religious autonomy should prevail. We then analyse European cases that illustrate the tension between religious autonomy and non-discrimination.
Tesis sobre el tema "Train autonome"
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Bouchama, Hiba Fawzia. "Synthèse d’observateurs continus-discrets pour les systèmes non linéaires : Application au Train Autonome". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPHF0005.
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Ce travail de thèse contribue au projet collaboratif "Train de Fret Autonome'' porté par la SNCF et a pour but d’automatiser la conduite du train de Fret afin de garantir une conduite autonome fiable et sécurisée dans toutes conditions environnementales. Dans ce contexte, nos contributions concernent le développement d’estimateurs permettant de reconstruire avec précision la position et la vitesse longitudinale du train dans des conditions variables d’adhérence roue-rail. La difficulté majeure provient du fait que les capteurs odométriques embarqués fournissent une mesure de la rotation des roues au niveau des essieux mais ne détectent pas directement le phénomène de glissement des roues, ce qui entraîne une grande imprécision au niveau de l’estimation de la vitesse longitudinale du train. Pour faire face à ce problème, il est nécessaire de faire un recalage précis en utilisant la position du train mesurée par des radio-balises installées sur le rail. Néanmoins, cette mesure est discrète avec une période d’échantillonnage variable. L’un des challenges est de considérer les mesures du train qui combinent à la fois des mesures considérées continues et des mesures apériodiquement échantillonnées. Ainsi, la principale contribution théorique de cette thèse est la conception d’un observateur continu-discret pour une classe de systèmes multi-entrées/multi-sorties avec des sorties continues entachées de bruits de mesures et des sorties apériodiquement échantillonnées. Cet observateur est conçu pour répondre au cahier de charge du projet ``Train de Fret Autonome'' afin d’estimer la vitesse du train dans des conditions variables d’adhérence. Les performances de cet observateur sont montrées en simulation et comparées avec d’autres approches d’estimation de la vitesse du train puis ensuite validées expérimentalement via une campagne d’essais réalisée au Centre d’Essai Ferroviaire de Tronville-en-BarroisThis thesis contributes to the collaborative project "Train de Fret Autonome'' led by the SNCF and aims to control autonomous freight trains in order to guarantee reliable and safe autonomous driving in all environmental conditions. In this context, our contributions concern the development of estimators for accurately reconstructing the train position and longitudinal speed under variable wheel-rail adhesion conditions. The major difficulty arises from the fact that on-board odometric sensors provide a measurement of wheel rotation at axle level, but do not directly detect the phenomenon of wheel slippage, resulting in inaccurate estimation of the longitudinal speed of the train. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to make a precise recalibration using the position of the train measured by radio beacons installed on the rail. Nevertheless, this measurement is discrete with a variable sampling period. One of the challenges is to consider train measurements that combine both continuous and aperiodically sampled measurements. Thus, the main theoretical contribution of this thesis is the design of a continuous-discrete observer for a class of multi-input/multi-output systems with continuous noisy outputs and aperiodically sampled outputs. This observer is designed to meet the specifications of the "Autonomous Freight Train" project, in order to estimate train speed under variable adhesion conditions. The performance of this observer is shown in simulation and compared with other approaches to train speed estimation, then validated experimentally via an experimental test program carried out at the Centre d'Essai Ferroviaire of Tronville-en-Barrois
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Boussik, Amine. "Apprentissage profond non-supervisé : Application à la détection de situations anormales dans l’environnement du train autonome". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPHF0040.
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La thèse aborde les défis du monitoring de l’environnement et de détection des anomalies, notamment des obstacles, pour un train de fret autonome. Bien que traditionnellement, les transports ferroviaires étaient sous la supervision humaine, les trains autonomes offrent des perspectives d’avantages en termes de coûts, de temps et de sécurité. Néanmoins, leur exploitation dans des environnements complexes pose d’importants enjeux de sûreté. Au lieu d’une approche supervisée nécessitant des données annotées onéreuses et limitées, cette recherche adopte une technique non supervisée, utilisant des données non étiquetées pour détecter les anomalies en s’appuyant sur des techniques capables d’identifier les comportements atypiques.Deux modèles de surveillance environnementale sont présentés : le premier, basé sur un autoencodeur convolutionnel (CAE), est dédié à l’identification d’obstacles sur la voie principale; le second, une version avancée incorporant le transformeur de vision (ViT), se concentre sur la surveillance générale de l’environnement. Tous deux exploitent des techniques d’apprentissage non supervisé pour la détection d’anomalies.Les résultats montrent que la méthode mise en avant apporte des éléments pertinents pour le monitoring de l’environnement du train de fret autonome, ayant un potentiel pour renforcer sa fiabilité et sécurité. L’utilisation de techniques non supervisées démontre ainsi l’utilité et la pertinence de leur adoption dans un contexte d’application pour le train autonomeThe thesis addresses the challenges of monitoring the environment and detecting anomalies, especially obstacles, for an autonomous freight train. Although traditionally, rail transport was under human supervision, autonomous trains offer potential advantages in terms of costs, time, and safety. However, their operation in complex environments poses significant safety concerns. Instead of a supervised approach that requires costly and limited annotated data, this research adopts an unsupervised technique, using unlabeled data to detect anomalies based on methods capable of identifying atypical behaviors.Two environmental surveillance models are presented : the first, based on a convolutional autoencoder (CAE), is dedicated to identifying obstacles on the main track; the second, an advanced version incorporating the vision transformer (ViT), focuses on overall environmental surveillance. Both employ unsupervised learning techniques for anomaly detection.The results show that the highlighted method offers relevant insights for monitoring the environment of the autonomous freight train, holding potential to enhance its reliability and safety. The use of unsupervised techniques thus showcases the utility and relevance of their adoption in an application context for the autonomous train
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Bouibed, Kamel. "Contribution à la gestion de défaillances d’un train de véhicules électriques légers autonomes". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10030/document.
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Ce travail de thèse concerne la conception d'un système de supervision appliqué aux véhicules tout électriques autonomes à quatre roues motrices. Deux méthodes de surveillance à base de modèle sont développées en utilisant le modèle non linéaire du véhicule électrique: La première est basée sur La technique de multi observateurs pour détecter et isoler les défauts. La deuxième approche est la génération des relations de redondance analytique non linéaires (espace de parité non linéaire). En plus de la génération des résidus par la méthode de l'espace de parité, des observateurs différentiels à modes glissants sont intégrés pour l'estimation des dérivées successives des entrées et des sorties. Pour réaliser un train de trois véhicules, une commande longitudinale (commande de l'inter-distance) basée sur la mesure de l'écart inter véhiculaire est développée. La commande latérale est basée sur un suivi de trajectoire de référence qu'on impose pour tous les véhicules. Une commande de braquage est alors calculée en fonction de la différence entre la trajectoire mesurée et celle désirée. Enfin, quelques stratégies de reconfiguration sont développées pour le train de véhicules. Le principe de la reconfiguration est le choix de la stratégie à adopter pour le train de véhicules en fonction de type de défaut détectéThis work concerns the design of a supervision system applied to autonomous electric vehicle. Two based model monitoring methods are developed using the nonlinear model of electric vehicle: The first is based on multiple observers to detect and to isolate faults. The second approach is the generation of nonlinear analytical redundancy relations (nonlinear parity space). In addition to the generation of residuals by the method of parity space, differential sliding mode observers are integrated to estimate the successive derivatives of inputs and outputs. To make a train of three vehicles, a longitudinal control (control of the safety space) based on measuring the distance between vehicles is developed. The lateral control is based on a reference path tracking imposed for all vehicles. A steering command is then calculated based on the difference between the measured and the desired trajectory. Finally, some strategies are developed for the reconfiguration of the train of vehicles. The principle of the reconfiguration is the choice of strategy for the train of vehicles according to kind of detected fault
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Frenette, Patrick. "Architecture décisionnelle pour la conduite collaborative de véhicules autonomes". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1548.
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L'automobile est un moyen de transport de prédilection puisqu'elle confère beaucoup de liberté aux utilisateurs. Cependant, les coûts sociaux et économiques reliés aux accidents de la route, ainsi que les émissions polluantes produites par la combustion des hydrocarbures, représentent une problématique à laquelle le Réseau de centres d'excellence AUTO21 s'intéresse. Notamment, AUTO21 finance ce projet qui porte sur les architectures décisionnelles appliquées aux trains de véhicules. Un train de véhicule est un système de transport intelligent regroupant un ensemble de véhicules qui se suivent les uns derrière les autres, conservant une faible distance entre eux.L'architecture DCD est une architecture décisionnelle complète avec communication bidirectionnelle responsable de la prise de décision distribuée d'un groupe de véhicules opérant au sein d'un train de véhicules.L'architecture réalise la plupart des manoeuvres réalisables dans les trains de véhicules tels l'insertion ou le retrait d'un véhicule dans le train, ainsi que la gestion des situations d'urgences telles les collisions et la défaillance de certains capteurs. La validation de l'architecture est effectuée avec un groupe de quatre robots mobiles équipés d'un système de positionnement relatif qui permet de localiser les véhicules les uns par rapport aux autres. Un ensemble de 18 scénarios de tests, couvrant un large éventail des situations susceptibles de survenir dans les trains de véhicules, est réalisé. Les résultats obtenus indiquent que la prise de décision des véhicules, ainsi que la coordination des véhicules via la communication sont robustes et permettent l'exécution des manoeuvres attendues.
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Poline, Marie. "Contribution aux méthodes de conception et de gestion des systèmes énergétiques multi-sources par optimisation systémique : application aux trains hybrides électrique autonomes". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT099/document.
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En France, il existe deux modes de traction pour les trains : la traction diesel ou la traction électrique. Chaque mode fait face à des problématiques qui lui sont propres. Dans le cas du diesel, les émissions de gaz à effet de serre étant de plus en plus contrôlées, il devient nécessaire de faire évoluer ce type de train vers une solution moins polluante. Dans le cas de la traction électrique, la consommation d’énergie entraine une chute de tension qui peut imposer un ralentissement des trains, empêchant ainsi le développement du trafic. La solution étudiée par la SNCF est l’hybridation des trains (ajout de systèmes de stockage en embarqué).Ces travaux de thèse ont pour objectif de mettre en place une méthode permettant de faire le pré-dimensionnement des systèmes de stockage embarqués dans le train. De plus, afin de tenir compte de l’influence réciproque de la gestion sur le dimensionnement, celle-ci est incluse dans le modèle de dimensionnement. La résolution du modèle global se fait à l’aide d’un algorithme d’optimisation.La méthode a été mise en place sur les deux modes de traction ferroviaire (diesel et électrique) et l’optimisation a été faite avec l’algorithme SQP (Sequential Quadratic Programming)In France, there are two traction modes for railway: the diesel and electric traction. Each mode has its own issues. For diesel, the increasing control of the greenhouse gas emissions imposes to evolve this type of train to a less polluting solution. For electric traction, the energy consumption creates a voltage drop which can cause a traffic slowdown, which will limit the traffic development. The studied solution by SNCF is the hybridization of the train (adding storage system).Thus, these works have the objective to build a method to do the pre-sizing of storage systems embedded in trains. Moreover, to take into account the mutual influence of the sizing and the energy management, this last one is included in the sizing model. An optimization algorithm solves the global model.The method has been developed for the two traction modes (diesel and electric) and the optimization has been made with SQP algorithm (Sequential Quadratic Programming)
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Hill, LaBarron Kentrel. "The Influence of State and Trait Perseverative Cognition on Autonomic and Hemodynamic Regulation". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374027177.
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Grant, Shara Soyini. "Multidimensional Cardioception and Trait Anxiety: Potential Clues from Baroreflex Sensitivity". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96657.
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Interoception, the perception of the body's physiological state, is often studied in relation to emotion processing. Particularly, cardioception has been largely implicated in anxiety. Three related but distinct dimensions of interoception have recently emerged in the literature: sensibility (IS), accuracy (IAC), and awareness (IAW). Divergent findings regarding interoception and anxiety may result from lacking appreciation for interoceptive dimensions. Additionally, the role of cardiovascular afferent feedback in anxiety and interoception is largely unknown. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) has been implicated in interoceptive processes yet no known research directly measures this in relation to multidimensional cardioception. The present study aimed to assess the degree to which IS, IAC, IAW, and BRS predict trait anxiety at rest and during anticipatory anxiety. Results partially suggest increased IAC and BRS, but more variable IS and IAW in relation to trait anxiety. Overall, results show complex associations among factors, suggesting increased specificity among the constructs. Results highlight the importance of attention to construct validity and method variance in the study of interoceptive subdomains. Finally, the present study helps to pave the way for continued investigations concerning cardioception in enduring anxiety and the related role of the baroreflex in cardiac afferent processes.PHD
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Hedreville, Mona. "Effet de l'exercice physique sur l'activité du système nerveux autonome des porteurs du trait drépanocytaire et des patients atteints de la drépanocytose homozygotte". Antilles-Guyane, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AGUY0390.
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Madson, Sabrina Katherine. "A COMMON KNOT: ATHLETES’ PERCEIVED COACH BEHAVIORS, COMPETITIVE TRAIT ANXIETY, AND BURNOUT SYMPTOMS". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1626860972178732.
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Thibault, Martin. "Une jeunesse ouvrière : sédimentation des identités sociales de jeunes ouvriers de la maintenance des trains à la RATP". Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H029.
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Cette thèse, porte sur la jeunesse ouvrière aujourd'hui. A partir d'une enquête ethnographique approfondie et multiple (entretiens, observations, contacts informels, partage d'activités. . . ), j'ai essayé de comprendre, dans le temps, comment les identités sociales des jeunes ouvriers se façonnent avant d'entrer dans l'emploi public puis une fois qu'ils y entrent, dans l'atelier comme en dehors. Pour appréhender les enquêtés dans leur nuance et leur complexité, j'ai mêlé plusieurs champs de la sociologie : la sociologie du travail et de l'emploi mais aussi de l'école, de la culture. . . En inscrivant ce travail dans la durée, on se donne les moyens de comprendre comment les identités obéissent à des processus et se façonnent de manière singulière : des aspirations nourries lors du passage par l'école jusqu'aux premiers jours dans l'atelier, puis de la pérennité de la condition ouvrière jusqu'à des identités compensatrices permettant de dire qu'ils ne sont pas uniquement ouvriers, en tout cas pas comme la génération précédente. Leurs activités parallèles (cours du soir, musique, danse, vacances à l'UCPA. . . ) leur permettent, même s'ils se rendent compte qu'ils sont devenus ouvriers bien en-deça de ce qu'ils imaginaient, de pouvoir continuer à s'imaginer proches de ces classes moyennes souvent fantasmées dont ils n'ont, quand ils les ont côtoyé un certain temps à l'école, jamais totalement fait le deuil de ne pas faire partie. Cette situation révèle finalement un certain entre-deux qui questionne les représentations de la stratification sociale actuelleThis thesis focuses on today Young workers. Based on a thorough and multiple ethnographical investigation (interviews, observations, informal contacts, sharing of activities…), I’ve tried to sort out, in the long-term, how Young working-class social identities build themselves before joining public services and after they have integrated them, in and out of the factories. To understand the people I chose to interview within their specificity and complexity I mingled several sociology fields, which not only means work but also school, family, culture etc… Only an investigation within the long terme may help understand how identities obey to evolutions and take peculiar shapes : hopes developed throughout their scholarship until their very first days in the factories, then through the long-lasting working class condition to compensating identities that enable them to say they are not only workers, at least, not like the previous génération. Their parallel activities (evening class, music, dance, holidays with the UCPA…) help them considering themselves, even though they may some day realize they are not as qualified as the expected to be, familiar to this middle class they have often idealized and that they have never fully accepted not to be part of, when they have interacted with if for some time at school. This situation reveals a real ambiguity that questions the representations of social stratification that exist today
Libros sobre el tema "Train autonome"
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Neomaggiorenni e autonomia personale: Resilienza ed emancipazione. Roma: Carocci, 2012.
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Cattini, Giovanni C. El gran complot: Qui va trair Macià? : la trama italiana. Badalona: Ara Llibres, 2009.
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Trust, National Book, ed. Kākorī se pahale: Kākorī ke bāda (1857-1942) = Kakori se pahle-Kakori ke baad. Naī Dillī: Rāshṭrīya Pustaka Nyāsa, Bhārata, 2017.
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Lickerman, Alex. The undefeated mind: On the science of constructing an indestructible self. Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, 2012.
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1947-, Boucaud Louis, ed. Burma's golden triangle: On the trail of the opium warlords. [Bangkok]: Asia Books, 1992.
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Court, Canada Supreme. Dans l'affaire de l'article 53 de la Loi sur la cour supreme, L.R.C. (1985), ch. S-26: Et, Dans l'affaire d'un renvoi par le gouverneur en conseil au sujet de certaines questions ayant trait a la secession du Quebec du reste du Canada formulees dans le decret C.P. 1996-1497 en date du 30 Septembre 1996 (25506). [Ottawa]: Supreme Court, 1998.
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Court, Canada Supreme. Dans l'affaire de l'article 53 de la Loi sur la cour supreme, L.R.C. (1985), ch. S-26: Et, Dans l'affaire d'un renvoi par le gouverneur en conseil au sujet de certaines questions ayant trait a la secession du Quebec du reste du Canada formulees dans le decret C.P. 1996-1497 en date du 30 Septembre 1996 (25506). [Ottawa]: Supreme Court, 1998.
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Vulnerability, Autonomy, and Applied Ethics. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Straehle, Christine. Vulnerability, Autonomy, and Applied Ethics. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
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Straehle, Christine. Vulnerability, Autonomy, and Applied Ethics. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Train autonome"
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Brugnera, A., C. Zarbo, R. Adorni, A. Compare y K. Sakatani. "Cortical and Autonomic Stress Responses in Adults with High Versus Low Levels of Trait Anxiety: A Pilot Study". En Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 127–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55231-6_17.
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Fava, Elena. "The Felicitating Factor. Cinzia Ruggeri’s Clothing Project". En Springer Series in Design and Innovation, 344–53. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49811-4_33.
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AbstractThis paper sets out to shed light on the process that guided Cinzia Ruggeri in the elaboration of a unique clothing project that was eccentric to the 1980s Italian and international fashion scene, a process that allowed this stilista to activate collaborations with exponents of the world of art, design, literature, and music without disavowing the specificities of the fashion design practice. Cinzia Ruggeri was an atypical player inside the fashion system, presenting her creations at the Milanese prêt-à-porter fashion shows of the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s, stating her autonomy from seasonal trends and her sincere interest for change. Far from considering fashion a reflection of social and cultural changes, Ruggeri understood the power of fashion in affecting and bringing about these changes. Fashion, so inextricably linked to the desire for novelty, and clothing design so intimately connected to the body, allowed her to address the gestures, behaviours and therefore the experience of reality in transformation. Over the years she experimented with shapes and materials, creating objects that could be intellectually and physically enjoyed, pervaded by a signature trait – the “felicitating factor” – stemming from her direct and shared experience in creating her fashion project.
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Dameski, Andrej, Andreas Spahn, Caspar A. S. Pouw, Alessandro Corbetta, Federico Toschi y Gunter Bombaerts. "How to Balance Individual and Collective Values After COVID-19? Ethical Reflections on Crowd Management at Dutch Train Stations". En Philosophy of Engineering and Technology, 215–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08424-9_12.
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AbstractThis chapter explores the shift in the balance of individual versus collective values instigated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The incredible viral spread rate among the population and its relatively high fatality rate has initially resulted in an assertion of the primacy of collective values (such as collective safety, collective responsibility, conformism). In contrast, individual rights and values (such as the individual counterparts of autonomy, freedom, responsibility, and privacy) took a ‘back seat’ for the good of the collective. However, as the pandemic extended over the months, there emerged a pressure to reject the primacy of collective values and restore the importance of individual values. If we are to return to a healthy and prosperous living within a well-functioning society, this balance shift between collective and individual values will have to be re-negotiated and resolved to reach a societally acceptable balance position.We conduct this ethical exploration, first, by following the ethico-philosophical discussion on the balance between individual and collective values generally, as well as in times of crisis, with special focus on the COVID-19 crisis. Second, we explore this topic through the lens of recent changes to how particular technologies were and are used before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. More precisely, we identify and explore broad trends we see relevant to ethics – with a particular focus on crowd management and nudging and on the balance shift between individual and collective values. Finally, by exploring findings from a sociophysics case study dealing with crowd management of people before and during the pandemic, we argue that some sociophysical phenomena can be used as proxies for ethical principles. Here, distance is used as a conceptual proxy for individual and collective responsibility, having in mind COVID-19 distancing rules and recommendation.With all the above, we identify several broad trends that have been instigated by the pandemic that are relevant to ethics. These changes relate to future crowd management, nudging, and control; individual (per-person) tracking; insistence on the importance of collective values in times of crisis, and the rejection of this infringement upon individual rights. In this regard, we assert that such value changes are an opportunity to rethink and (re)set balance points between individual and collective rights for each particular society.
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Dahbi, Mohammed y Hassane Darhmaoui. "University as State Agent or Social Actor: Al Akhawayn University and Social Responsibility". En Knowledge Studies in Higher Education, 181–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_12.
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AbstractUniversity Social Responsibility (USR) has been addressed in the academic literature and in professional educational meetings only in the last 10–15 years, but it is far from being unanimously accepted as part of a university’s mission. A university is all about serving society anyway; its mission has always been to educate people, to train professionals, and to prepare young men and women for their roles as good citizens of their countries and of the world. So, what other social role is a university to serve that it does not? This issue becomes more acute and compelling when society’s expectations of service from higher education institutions has to do with K-12 school education, as is the situation for the Covid-19 pandemic. The chapter considers the case of Al Akhawayn University (AUI) in Ifrane, Morocco (AUI), a university that has been established by the State as the first public, autonomous, non-governmental institution of higher education in the country. We describe several social roles that the university has taken on in its host region as well as nationally, most notably during the Covid-19 pandemic, and we argue that AUI has been able to do so because of its autonomy and its special legal status. We claim that non-autonomous state universities are not able to use the full potential of their sophisticated faculty and staff to contribute to the development of the country, and we call for the transformation of state universities into autonomous institutions that are able to serve their full Social Actor role and comply with their University Social Responsibility duties.
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Dahbi, Mohammed y Hassane Darhmaoui. "University as State Agent or Social Actor: Al Akhawayn University and Social Responsibility". En Knowledge Studies in Higher Education, 181–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_12.
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AbstractUniversity Social Responsibility (USR) has been addressed in the academic literature and in professional educational meetings only in the last 10–15 years, but it is far from being unanimously accepted as part of a university’s mission. A university is all about serving society anyway; its mission has always been to educate people, to train professionals, and to prepare young men and women for their roles as good citizens of their countries and of the world. So, what other social role is a university to serve that it does not? This issue becomes more acute and compelling when society’s expectations of service from higher education institutions has to do with K-12 school education, as is the situation for the Covid-19 pandemic. The chapter considers the case of Al Akhawayn University (AUI) in Ifrane, Morocco (AUI), a university that has been established by the State as the first public, autonomous, non-governmental institution of higher education in the country. We describe several social roles that the university has taken on in its host region as well as nationally, most notably during the Covid-19 pandemic, and we argue that AUI has been able to do so because of its autonomy and its special legal status. We claim that non-autonomous state universities are not able to use the full potential of their sophisticated faculty and staff to contribute to the development of the country, and we call for the transformation of state universities into autonomous institutions that are able to serve their full Social Actor role and comply with their University Social Responsibility duties.
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Gemie, Sharif y Brian Ireland. "The hippie as tourist". En The Hippie Trail. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526114624.003.0004.
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The chapter starts by considering some travel films produced by travellers: it notes how similar these travellers look to ordinary tourists. Differences between tourists and travellers are then considered: autonomy and authenticity seem to be the vital distinctions. By the 1970s, the majority of hippy trail travellers went to the East by coach: were they just tourists? Were the independent travellers, who went by car, train and by hitch-hiking so different? Certainly, the independent travellers frequently scorned the coach-passengers as tourists. We argue that the differences between independent travellers and coach-passengers was not as great as many assumed, and that—while there were some important similarities between travellers and tourists—the hippy trail travellers did create a distinctive form of travel of their own.
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Kultgen, John. "The Value of Autonomy". En Autonomy and Intervention, 103–14. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195085310.003.0008.
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Abstract Nothing rings out more clearly in the literature on parentalism than praise of autonomy. Many philosophers take it to be the distinctive trait of persons, the source of human dignity, and a basic human right. They claim that it deserves respect, and they sharply distinguish respect from affection or esteem, which may be due animals and things.
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Ozerov, A. V. y A. L. Okhiotnikov. "COMPUTER VISION AS PART OF ADVANCED TRAIN PROTECTION SYSTEM". En Intellectual Transport Systems, 620–25. Russian University of Transport, Moscow, Russian Federation, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/9785002182794-2023-620-625.
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The article addresses the key issues related to the application of computer (machine) vision as part of an advanced train control system. The authors describe the architecture of a multilayered train control system that uses computer vision as a key element of autonomy and automatic detection of obstacles on track ahead the train. The article provides some overview of computer vision sensors, key stages of dataset preparation for onboard perception, and some issues related to sensor calibration.
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Keşaplı, Onur. "Cinematographic Ethics Within the Autonomy of Art". En Advances in Media, Entertainment, and the Arts, 112–34. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4778-6.ch009.
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Pedophilia, which at the same time is considered as a sickness, was mostly handled in cinema history as an element of crime. Apart from the examples where the evil is punished, there also exists movies where the subject is handled but not named. And in recent past, movies that aim to empathize started to appear. These movies places pedophilia in the center, study the justifications behind actions and tries to establish sympathy. There are movies such as The Woodsman and Kind in which the main character is a pedophile, ones like Little Children where pedophilia is handled as a whole and ones like Nympnomaniac Vol 2 wherein pedophilia is elaborately scrutinized. Common trait of all these movies is the acceptance of pedophilia, which is coded as a state of absolute evil, as a reality and engaging in an effort to understand it. These four movies which, within the frame of autonomy of art and within the context of cinematographic ethics, empathize with a state that is opposite to moral norms are of importance regarding confrontation with parts of human nature that is considered evil.
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Passos, Taciana Uchôa, Tatiana Uchôa Passos, Rafaella Maria Monteiro Sampaio y Fernando César Rodrigues Brito. "Carbohydrate counting and insulin therapy: A strategic association for autonomy and quality of life of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus". En Health and Medicine: Science, Care, and Discoveries. Seven Editora, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevened2023.004-024.
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Carbohydrate Counting is a nutritional strategy to determine the amount of carbohydrates contained in meals consumed by diabetic patients and must be inserted in the broad context of health care for these patients. The importance of associating Carbohydrate Counting with Insulin Therapy is emphasized and the need for health professionals involved in clinical monitoring to train these patients in the knowledge of their therapy, through educational strategies, aiming to improve their quality of life and autonomy. The association of Contagem with insulin therapy, combined with knowledge about the different glycemic responses, application methods and types of insulin and other concepts inherent to the routine care of diabetic patients, can promote greater flexibility and assertiveness in food choices.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Train autonome"
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Sibley, Gabe, Christopher Mei, Ian Reid y Paul Newman. "Planes, trains and automobiles — autonomy for the modern robot". En 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robot.2010.5509527.
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Saager, Marcel, Jörn Kruse y Anja Naumann. "Who is Responsible for What? Combining HTA and RACI for Modelling Cooperation in Remote Operation Center of Trains in Future Railway Sector". En 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005371.
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Since 2020, the German national railway company (DB) has been working on the "Digital Rail" project, with aim to create a better environmental balance, higher travel capacities and smoother processes by 2030. The focus here is on the large-scale use of automation. In the future, trains will run autonomously and identify hazards themselves using sensor technology. Autonomous trains with AI will take over tasks from actors, which means that the scope of actor’s tasks will be transformed. Actors, such as train operators will move away from the train to Remote Operation Centers (ROC). This will require new processes for humans and machines and a fundamentally new digital infrastructure, as humans will now act as a fallback level for the autonomous train. This will lead to new organizational and technical structures (monitoring, intervention in autonomy) for control centers. These control centers can be seen as safety-critical systems with multiple actors depending on each other. Therefore, it is important to look at the cooperation between these actors and how they execute tasks. In our case, hierarchical task analysis (HTA) was chosen to identify the tasks of the actors. In order to conduct this HTA, some assumptions were made regarding the scenario and the actors involved. The scenario depicts an autonomous train running on a track section that has an insufficient infrastructure to support autonomous train operation. The actors are organized in a ROC. There is the remote train operator, who has the task of monitoring the autonomous train and intervenes if necessary, and the dispatcher, who handles the disruption at management level. In our context the AI that controls the train is also classified as actor.This information is now being used to create an HTA and to apply the RACI model (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, and Informed). RACI assigns these responsibility-roles to the individual actors in a so-called responsibility assignment matrix in which all relevant actors are involved.In addition, each responsibility-role gets assigned a quantitative value that reflects the level of responsibility. This makes it possible to identify tasks that have a high concentration of responsibilities by different actors (depending on the sum of the values). The overall model was then validated and adjusted with the help of semi-structured expert interviews. The experts from the rail digitization sector suggested minor adjustments to the model. The response to applying the RACI model to HTA in the rail sector of the future (for stakeholders in the ROC sector) was received positively.This HTA-RACI-ROC model can be used in several ways. On the one hand, the model can be used to detect patterns between new tasks and roles in ROC in order to provide appropriate actions for the organizational structure. On the other hand, it can be used in design methods for control rooms that use HTAs as input. This would require the development of a formalism of the RACI model to the HTA.
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Vijayakumar, Jothi V. N., Haibo Zhang, Zhiyi Huang y Adeel Javed. "A Particle Filter Based Train Localization Scheme Using Wireless Sensor Networks". En 2013 IEEE International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing (DASC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2013.74.
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Zhang, Danqing y Jonathan M. Weaver. "Type X Robot: Theory and Practice for a Revolution in Motor Learning". En ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-93997.
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Abstract This research proposes and tests the concept of using a robot to train a subject to perform a desired repetitive motion, wherein the level of the assist of the robot fades away as the subject learns the motion. The proposed robot is designated as Type X where the “X” in represents the variable level of autonomy. A Type X robot has been built and tested, with the experiment results suggesting that transient learning using the Type X provides clear and statistically better training of a repetitive motor task than was achieved through purely active learning (no robot assist) or purely passive learning (the robot is in full control of the motion during training).
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Aiken, Bradford y Keith W. Wait. "Improving Fidelity of Energy Management Software Testing Through Hierarchical Clustering of Train Consist Data". En 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8113.
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Abstract Energy management systems, such as New York Air Brake’s LEADER [1], are real-time control technologies that optimize train performance as Level 2 Autonomy systems under the SAE’s “Levels of Driving Automation” classification system [2], and are now commonly used by many railroads. Such systems require extensive testing due to varying requirements of speed and fuel efficiency, compatibility with the wide variation in consists actually marshalled in the field, as well as the potential for the systems to cause break-in-twos or other undesirable situations. Devising accurate test cases that translate well to real-world usage is a common obstacle in the software development process. Using empirical data gathered from sampling field observations and an unsupervised machine learning model, we have created a simple but effective software system capable of performing automated statistical analysis on train consists and recommending a small number of consists which best capture the variation observed on-track. The data produced by such a system is demonstrably useful in developing truly representative test cases for train control systems/energy management software. In this investigation, we first applied such an algorithm to a population of train consists from some arbitrary segment of North American track to identify the most representative sample. We then evaluated the performance of the LEADER driving strategy for the sample set of consists with one of two consists that had previously been used for ad-hoc development testing of the software. Our findings from these simulations indicate that the consists identified by the clustering algorithm display greater variation in LEADER-controlled performance across several features than the ad-hoc testing consists do. Such metrics are transit time, fuel consumption, speed limit adherence, and air brake usage. Application of the algorithm is therefore beneficial in that it allows for more efficient and more thorough testing and characterization of energy management software.
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Vignati, Michele, Simone Barzaghi, Davide Tarsitano y Francesco Braghin. "Kinetic Energy Recovery System for Urban Mobility". En ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98158.
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Abstract The aim of this work is to discuss the possibility to store energy on board electric vehicles by means of flywheels as alternative to common batteries. A detailed optimization of the power storage system for the mini-car Icar0 ZD-1 with a target autonomy of 50 km in urban context is carried out. A preliminary designed is then made considering the power consumption in urban context accounting for the full power-train energetic model. Material, geometry and motor have been selected to fit all the vehicle space requirements considering also that flywheels operate in vacuum environment. In particular, attention is focused on some critical aspects like the effect of vibrations transmitted to the flywheel. For this reason, induced gyroscopic effects are considered both in straight and during turns. Finally, a possible bearing configuration is presented.
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Avanashilingam, Jayanth Balaji y Satish Thokala. "Velocity Estimation of a Descending Spacecraft in Atmosphereless Environment Using Deep Learning". En AeroCON 2024. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-26-0484.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Today’s space programs are ambitious and require increased level of onboard autonomy. Various sensing techniques and algorithms were developed over the years to achieve the same. However, vision-based sensing techniques have enabled higher level of autonomy in the navigation of space systems. The major advantage of vison-based sensing is its ability to offer high precision navigation. However, the traditional vision-based sensing techniques translate raw image into data which needs to be processed and can be used to control the spacecraft. The increasingly complex mission requirements motivate the use of vision-based techniques that use artificial intelligence with deep learning. Availability of sufficient onboard processing resources is a major challenge. Though space-based deployment of deep learning is in the experimental phase, but the space industry has already adopted AI on the ground systems.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Deep learning technique for spacecraft navigation in an unknown and unpredictable environment, like Lunar or Martian, is an area of research in space industry. Considering the distance from Earth, real-time ground control is impractical in such space missions. Velocity estimation of a descending spacecraft in Lunar environment is selected for the research work produced in this paper. Precisely estimating object's velocity is a vital component in the trajectory planning of space vehicles, such as landers, designed for descent onto Lunar or Martian terrains. In this paper, an effort is made to investigate the viability of velocity estimates by using images obtained from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Cameras (LROC) that are part of a publicly available dataset released by Arizona State University (ASU) — the dataset contains minimal images. However, this imagery dataset is limited and not sufficient to train a deep learning model. Hence synthetic data is generated in this research. The study investigates usage of Condition-Generative Adversarial Networks(C-GAN) to generate synthetic data for image-based velocity estimates to support the proposed workflow. NVIDIA GPU is used to train the deep learning model. The forecast accuracy of the velocity of atmosphere-less objects is empirically examined, and the final results are reported.</div></div>
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Tonacci, Alessandro, Francesco Sansone, Roberta La Spina, Lucia Billeci, Claudio Domenici, Raffaele Conte, Lorenza Pratali, Simona-Mrakic Sposta y Guido Giardini. "Feasibility of using a smart unobtrusive wearable system for the autonomic characterisation of endurance trail runners". En 2017 IEEE 7th International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Berlin (ICCE-Berlin). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icce-berlin.2017.8210633.
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Shangarffam, Nasim. "THE EFFECT OF TRAIT EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND TEACHING CRITICAL THINKING AND AUTONOMY ON EFL LEARNERS’ SPEAKING COMPLEXITY AND ACCURACY". En 12th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2019.2168.
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Unrein, Helene, Théodore Letouzé, Jean-Marc André y Sylvain Hourlier. "Human Autonomy Teaming: proposition of a new model of trust". En 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005015.
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The literature regarding trust between a human and a technological system is abundant. In this context, trust does not seem to follow a simple dynamic given the multiple factors that impact it: mode of communication of the system, appearance, severity of possible system failures, factors favoring recovery, etc.In this work, we propose a modeling of the dynamics of the trust of a human agent towards an autonomous system (Human Autonomy Teaming HAT) which is inspired by a hysteresis cycle. The latter reflects a delay in the effect in the behavior of materials called inertia. According to this same principle, the variation in confidence would be based on a non-linear relationship between confidence and expectation. Thus, these variations would appear as interactions occur (like a discrete variable), rather than on a continuous time scale.Furthermore, we suggest that trust varies depending on: the conformity of expectations, the previous level of trust, the duration of maintaining a good or bad level of trust, and the interindividual characteristics of the human agent.Expectations reflect the evaluation of the situation estimated by the human agent on the basis of the knowledge at its disposal and the expected performance of the system. At each confrontation with reality, if the perceived reality agrees with the expected then the expectations are consistent, otherwise they are non-compliant. Depending on the initial state of trust, these expectations will influence the variation in trust. The latter is determined through the hysteresis cycle. At both ends of the cycle, the level of trust is characterized as either calibrated trust or distrust. Indeed, confidence does not increase towards a maximum, but towards an optimal level: calibrated confidence. This is a level of confidence adapted to the capabilities of the autonomous system. Conversely, trust decreases to a level of distrust. This corresponds to the situation where the individual does not trust the system and rejects it. In our context of use, the individual is obliged to continue to interact with the autonomous system, which opens the possibility of overcoming this distrust and restoring all or part of the initial trust.We propose that maintaining this level of calibrated trust or distrust results in an inertia effect. The more trust is maintained at one of these levels, the greater the inertia. Thus, calibrated trust established over a short period of time will be more affected by non-compliant expectations than calibrated trust established over the long term.Furthermore, the evolution of trust is influenced by individual criteria. Although the model described here is generic, it can be personalized according to the predispositions of the human agent: propensity for trust, personality trait, attitudes towards technological systems, etc.The model presented is not intended to debate the nature of trust. It illustrates and explains the dynamics of trust, a key factor in the HAT relationship, both at the origin of this interaction and for the results it produces.