Artículos de revistas: "Traffic lights"

1

Ashir, Mohammed y Karl Marlowe. "Traffic Lights". Clinical Governance: An International Journal 14, n.º 3 (7 de agosto de 2009): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777270910976166.

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2

Gregory, Richard L. "Traffic Lights". Perception 21, n.º 4 (agosto de 1992): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p210423.

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3

Hosseinyalmdary, S. y A. Yilmaz. "TRAFFIC LIGHT DETECTION USING CONIC SECTION GEOMETRY". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-1 (2 de junio de 2016): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-iii-1-191-2016.

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Traffic lights detection and their state recognition is a crucial task that autonomous vehicles must reliably fulfill. Despite scientific endeavors, it still is an open problem due to the variations of traffic lights and their perception in image form. Unlike previous studies, this paper investigates the use of inaccurate and publicly available GIS databases such as OpenStreetMap. In addition, we are the first to exploit conic section geometry to improve the shape cue of the traffic lights in images. Conic section also enables us to estimate the pose of the traffic lights with respect to the camera. Our approach can detect multiple traffic lights in the scene, it also is able to detect the traffic lights in the absence of prior knowledge, and detect the traffics lights as far as 70 meters. The proposed approach has been evaluated for different scenarios and the results show that the use of stereo cameras significantly improves the accuracy of the traffic lights detection and pose estimation.

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4

Hosseinyalmdary, S. y A. Yilmaz. "TRAFFIC LIGHT DETECTION USING CONIC SECTION GEOMETRY". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-1 (2 de junio de 2016): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-1-191-2016.

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Traffic lights detection and their state recognition is a crucial task that autonomous vehicles must reliably fulfill. Despite scientific endeavors, it still is an open problem due to the variations of traffic lights and their perception in image form. Unlike previous studies, this paper investigates the use of inaccurate and publicly available GIS databases such as OpenStreetMap. In addition, we are the first to exploit conic section geometry to improve the shape cue of the traffic lights in images. Conic section also enables us to estimate the pose of the traffic lights with respect to the camera. Our approach can detect multiple traffic lights in the scene, it also is able to detect the traffic lights in the absence of prior knowledge, and detect the traffics lights as far as 70 meters. The proposed approach has been evaluated for different scenarios and the results show that the use of stereo cameras significantly improves the accuracy of the traffic lights detection and pose estimation.

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5

Kawai, Satoru. "Road Traffic Lights". JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN 71, n.º 3 (1987): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2150/jieij1980.71.3_204.

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6

Sinha, Roopak, Partha S. Roop y Prakash Ranjitkar. "Virtual Traffic Lights+". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2381, n.º 1 (enero de 2013): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2381-09.

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7

Calabresi, Paolo y Massimiliano Di Filippo. "Brain's traffic lights". Nature 466, n.º 7305 (julio de 2010): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/466449a.

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8

Lu, Xingyu, Li Fei, Huibing Zhu, Wangjun Cheng y Zijie Wang. "Modeling traffic flow in work zone sections considering the effect of traffic lights". International Journal of Modern Physics C 32, n.º 09 (7 de mayo de 2021): 2150113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183121501138.

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Based on the two-lane highway traffic model with a work zone presented previously, a new traffic model with a work zone under the control of traffic lights is proposed. The length of the waiting area for vehicles before traffic lights is recommended cautiously after numerical simulation. The relationship between the vehicles’ queuing time and the cycle of traffic lights is studied, and the cycle time of traffic lights is obtained also considering people’s endurance to the red light. It is found that the traffic lights are effective to ease the traffic congestion in the work zone when the density is medium, and help to eliminate the inducement of traffic accidents. On the other hand, the simulation results show that traffic lights are not needed in the work zone when the traffic density is small. It indicates that the traffic flow in the work zone area can be optimized by using appropriate traffic management when the traffic density varies.

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9

Yeh, Tien-Wen, Huei-Yung Lin y Chin-Chen Chang. "Traffic Light and Arrow Signal Recognition Based on a Unified Network". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 17 (31 de agosto de 2021): 8066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178066.

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We present a traffic light detection and recognition approach for traffic lights that utilizes convolutional neural networks. We also introduce a technique for identifying arrow signal lights in multiple urban traffic environments. For detection, we use map data and two different focal length cameras for traffic light detection at various distances. For recognition, we propose a new algorithm that combines object detection and classification to recognize the light state classes of traffic lights. Furthermore, we use a unified network by sharing features to decrease computation time. The results reveal that the proposed approach enables high-performance traffic light detection and recognition.

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10

Aulia Yusuf, A’isya Nur, Ajib Setyo Arifin y Fitri Yuli Zulkifli. "Recent development of smart traffic lights". IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 10, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2021): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v10.i1.pp224-233.

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<span id="docs-internal-guid-288f4dcc-7fff-1e8c-0350-5032593b6e4f"><span>Increased traffic flow causes congestion, especially in large cities. Even though congestion is not unusual, traffic jams still result in very high economic and social losses. Several factors cause congestion, one of which is traffic lights. Therefore, a mechanism is needed so that traffic lights can intelligently and adaptively manage signal time allocation according to traffic flow conditions. A traffic light with this type of mechanism is known as a smart traffic light. Smart traffic light cycle settings can be grouped based on the traffic density, scenarios for emergency vehicles, and the interests of pedestrians. This paper analyzes the methods and technologies used in the development of smart traffic light technology from the perspective of these three situations as well as the development of smart traffic light technology in the future.</span></span>

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11

Gui Sheng, Fang y Zheng Gao An. "Research on a PLC Simulation Control Apparatus for Intelligent Traffic Lights". Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (febrero de 2012): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.805.

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In this paper an intelligent traffic light simulation control apparatus based on PLC and touch panel is developed. The device uses the touch panel as the master computer, PLC as the control kernel, the photoelectric switch and the sound sensor for vehicle detection components, to control the traffic lights and nixie tubes. Some conventional functions are realized to simulate the real road traffic lights control system, for example, alternatively working of the red lights, the yellow lights and the green lights, time countdown showing function, manual adjustment of the time, etc. Besides, the system can automatically adjust the time of traffic lights by the traffic flow in different directions, and can automatically change the working modes of the traffic lights by the current system time. The practical application shows that the device can not only promote students’ learning interests and improve students’ practical ability and creativity, but also can be used to control the real traffic lights if the traffic flow detectors are substituted by the earth inductors or the infrared cameras.

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12

Faraj, Mohammed Abdulmaged y Najmadin Wahid Boskany. "Intelligent Traffic Congestion Control System using Machine Learning and Wireless Network". UHD Journal of Science and Technology 4, n.º 2 (10 de diciembre de 2020): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v4n2y2020.pp123-131.

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Traffic congestion has become a big problem for most people because it increases noise, air pollution, and wasting time. Current normal traffic light system is not enough to manage the traffic problematic congestions because they operate on a fixed-time length plan. In recent years, internet of things led to introducing new models of intelligent traffic light systems; by utilizing different techniques such as predictive-based model, radiofrequency identification, and ultrasonic-based model. The most essential one of these techniques is depends of image processing and microcontroller communications. In this paper, we propose an intelligent, low cost, and efficient microcontroller circuit-based system for controlling cars in traffic light. This system can manage car traffics smarter than traditional approaches, it is capable to dynamically adjust timings of traffic signal. It can rapidly respond to traffic conditions to reduce traffic congestion. For implementing this system, a server, microcontroller board, cameras, as hardware and wireless network between traffic lights as infrastructure for communication are used. The system uses machine learning technique (i.e.,Yolov3 model and OpenCV) for decision depending on existence of emergency cars and number of cars. The experiment results show higher accuracy in managing traffic lights and recognizing the emergency cars.

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13

ITO, Shinya. "Developing Traffic Signal Lights". Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 107, n.º 1030 (2004): 696–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.107.1030_696.

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14

Vannucchi, Alessandro M. y Paola Guglielmelli. "Traffic lights for ruxolitinib". Blood 130, n.º 9 (31 de agosto de 2017): 1075–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2017-07-795880.

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15

Finch, Irene. "BEWARE TRAFFIC LIGHTS AHEAD". Nutrition & Food Science 86, n.º 5 (mayo de 1986): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb059135.

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16

Wardani, Rizal Dwi. "The Application of Number Theory to Determine Congruence in Traffic Lights". BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 13, n.º 1 (13 de marzo de 2019): 047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol13iss1pp047-052ar697.

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In everyday life many number theories are often used to solve problems. In this paper we will discuss the application of number theory in testing the suitability of traffic lights. Testing uses the Euclidean theorem which is part of number theory. Number theory as a theoretical basis for exposure to traffic light congruence. This paper presents a calculation of traffic intersections to determine the suitability of traffic junction lights. The results in this paper show, if a traffic junction has congruence between traffic lights.

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17

KRISHNAN, SUREN, RAJAN THANGAVELOO, SHAPI-EE BIN ABD RAHMAN y SIVA RAJA SINDIRAMUTTY. "Smart Ambulance Traffic Control System". Trends in Undergraduate Research 4, n.º 1 (29 de junio de 2021): c28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/tur.2831.2021.

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The traffic lights control system is broadly implemented to track and control the flow of vehicles through the intersection of multiple roads. Nevertheless, the synchronization of traffic light system at adjacent junctions is an intricate issue given the different parameters involved. Existing traffic light control systems do not control many flows approaching the same junctions. This results in traffic jams and congestion at urban areas or major cities with high volume traffic consisting of various types of vehicles. This includes emergency ambulances travelling on the same traffic junction during peak hour traffic. Thus, an enhanced traffic light control system is imperative to provide a smooth and free flow for an ambulance on the way to its destination. The Smart Ambulance Traffic Control System proposed in this paper is an integrated system of traffic light control for emergency ambulance service. The traffic lights can be controlled in a timely and efficient manner every time an emergency ambulance is approaching. The Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) is used as an instrument to communicate with traffic lights during traffic congestion. The emergency ambulance driver needs to activate the RFID tag to allow the detection of RFID readers to control the traffic light operation at the upcoming traffic light junctions. The traffic lights in the path of the ambulance are forced to be green to allow the emergency ambulance to pass through the junction with top priority. Immediately after the ambulance has passed the junction, the control system will reset and return to normal operations.

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18

Malim, Muhammad Rozi, Faridah Abdul Halim y Sherey Sufreney Abd Rahman. "OPTIMISING TRAFFIC FLOW AT A SIGNALISED INTERSECTION USING SIMULATION". MALAYSIAN JOURNAL OF COMPUTING 4, n.º 2 (10 de octubre de 2019): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mjoc.v4i2.6104.

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Traffic signal lights system is a signalling device located an intersection or pedestrian crossing to control the movement of traffic. The timing of traffic signal lights has attracted many researchers to study the problems involving traffic light management and looking for an inexpensive and effective solution that requires inexpensive changes in the infrastructures. A simple traffic lights system uses a pre-timed control setting based on the latest traffic data, and the setting could be manually changed. It is a common type of signal control and sometimes the setting was not correctly configured with the traffic data, thus leading to congestion at an intersection. Many mathematical strategies were applied to get an optimal setting. This study aims to model the traffic flow at Persiaran Kayangan and Persiaran Permai Intersection, Section 7, Shah Alam, as the case study, by using AnyLogic simulation software. The model was used to determine the best timings of traffic green lights that minimise the average time at the intersection and reduce traffic congestion. The findings showed that the best timings of traffic green lights for four directions at the intersection are 120 seconds, 75 seconds, 130 seconds and 100 seconds, respectively. These timings of green lights produced the lowest average time at the intersection (55.65 seconds).

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19

Tristono, Tomi, Fardiana Karuniawati, Setiyo Daru Cahyono, Seno Aji y Pradityo Utomo. "The Structural Complexity of Various Elements of Systems". Trends in Sciences 19, n.º 4 (22 de enero de 2022): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.2189.

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This paper is aimed to describe the structural complexity of the traffic light control system. The structural complexity represents an interrelationship indicator between the various elements functions. The traffic light control system has several additional features that are synchronized to the railway doorstop, and the time interval for the green signals is expanded. For determining the method of its structural complexity, the Petri net model is used. Three kinds of traffic lights models are explored, namely standard, Norwegian, and the Norwegian improvement. The study results indicate that the Norwegian traffic lights have the most complex structure when regular implementation. The runner up is the Norwegian improvement. The most ideal is the standard traffic lights. Norwegian improvement is the most ideal when integrated with the railway doorstop and implemented extra green signals time interval. The Norwegian traffic light is the second. The standard traffic lights structural complexity fluctuates. It means that the Norwegian traffic light and its improvement are suitably used. Adding several features improve the structural complexity approaching the ideal system while extra controllers accompany each element. HIGHLIGHTS The Petri net model can represent the structural complexity of a system The method that can measure the structural complexity becomes ideal for actual implementation The Norwegian traffic lights structural complexities and improvements are ideal for the systems synchronized to the railway and appropriate for systems using the extra green signal time intervals or other additional features GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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20

Anindito, Benediktus, Slamet Winardi y Moh Noor Al-Azam. "Traffic Light Signal Detector using Average Light Intensity Method". JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 4, n.º 3 (20 de julio de 2020): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v4i3.2115.

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Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) is a way of using information technology to record a violation of traffic. This ETLE was developed to support security, order, and safety in traffic. Some cities or districts in Indonesia have started to apply this ETLE in several locations, which usually have traffic lights and frequent violations at these locations. In this paper, one of the elements in ETLE is tested, which is a traffic light signal detector, which will be used as a basis for whether a vehicle violates a traffic light or not. This detector uses a CCTV camera mounted on the location. It then analyzed the intensity of several image areas on the traffic lights in red, yellow, and green. From the test results, this method can determine the conditions of the traffic lights with 100% accuracy

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Yudanto, Adhitya Yoga, Marvin Apriyadi y Kevin Sanjaya. "Optimalisasi Lampu Lalu Lintas dengan Fuzzy Logic". Jurnal ULTIMATICS 5, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2013): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ti.v5i2.322.

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The traffic lights problem is already commonly found in large cities. The traffic lights are supposed to control the flow of the road, but sometimes causes a congestion. This happens because the distribution of the time are all the same for all lines, without seeing the condition of the density of each lane. There’s one effort that can be done to overcome this problem, is to create a traffic light control system. With this system, the congestion that occurs around the traffic lights can be reduced. This system is using fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic is one of computer science that studies about the value of truth that worth a lot. For example, a air conditioning system control subway Sendai in Japan. As for making a traffic light control system, the author using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) that already exist in the application of MATLAB R2013a with Mamdani method. Index Terms —fuzzy logic, traffic lights, MATLAB.

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22

Binoua, H., H. Ez-Zahraouy, A. Khallouk y N. Lakouari. "Carbon dioxide emission in a single-lane cellular automaton model with a series of traffic lights". International Journal of Modern Physics C 31, n.º 11 (30 de septiembre de 2020): 2050154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183120501545.

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In this paper, we propose a cellular automaton model to simulate traffic flow controlled by a series of traffic lights. The synchronized traffic light and the green wave light strategies were investigated. The spatiotemporal diagrams, energy dissipation, and CO2 emission of the system were presented. Our simulations are conducted to clarify the difference between both strategies and their effects on the traffic flow and the CO2 emission. We found that the traffic flow depends mainly on the strategy used for managing the traffic lights as well as on the parameters of the traffic lights, namely the cycle length, the number of traffic lights and the length of the system. The fundamental diagram has barely the same characteristics for both methods and it depends on the combination of the parameters of the system. We find that the green wave is more convenient for the management of a series of traffic lights than the synchronized control strategy in terms of throughput, especially for large-sized systems. Unlike in terms of CO2 emission and energy dissipation, both control strategies outperform each other depending on the density regions and the parameters of the system. Finally, we investigate the effect of both cycles (i.e. red and green) for the synchronized control method on the CO2 emission. It is found that the green cycle generates often a series of acceleration events that increase CO2 emission.

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23

Wu, Wen Liang. "Design of Intelligent Traffic Light Control System Based on Multi CPU". Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (diciembre de 2014): 1562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1562.

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The intelligent traffic light control is the core problem in the intelligent traffic research field, in order to solve this problem, the intelligent traffic light control system is proposed based on multi CPU. In a multi processor system, aiming at the intelligent traffic light, the reasonable control is taken. In the intelligent traffic light control system, the related principles of multi processor system design and shared memory are elaborated in detail. The BP neural network self-tuning PID control algorithm is applied in the traffic lights control process, reasonable control of traffic lights is obtained. The experiment results show that the principle is applied in the intelligent traffic light control system, it can greatly improve the control accuracy, so it can meet the actual demand of intelligent traffic management.

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24

HUANG, DING-WEI y WEI-NENG HUANG. "OPTIMIZATION OF TRAFFIC LIGHTS AT CROSSROADS". International Journal of Modern Physics C 14, n.º 05 (junio de 2003): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183103004784.

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We study the influence of traffic lights on the traffic flow in cities. The urban traffic is simulated in the cellular automata framework. Both the deterministic and probabilistic models are discussed. The effects of speed limit and stochastic noise are analyzed. The operation of a traffic light is characterized by two parameters: signal period and phase allocation. With two traffic lights on road, one more parameter is prescribed: synchronization shift. The results of tuning these parameters are presented in the fundamental diagram. We examine the traffic flow and discuss the choice of optimized setting in different density regions.

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25

Zeno-Zencovich, Vincenzo. "Lessons From a Traffic Light". European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 3, n.º 1 (21 de febrero de 2016): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134514-00301001.

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Traffic lights are examined as one of the most common examples of “global administrative law” governed by an international convention (the 1968 Vienna convention on traffic signs). They also bear implications for legal philosophy especially as regards the relations of individuals with norms and normativity and the creation of social norms. Furthermore the traffic light metaphor is widely used in common language and in other fields of law. Finally traffic lights are seen from a comparative law perspective, especially as a test for the effectiveness of uniform (and global) laws, taking into account essential aspects of the law such as sanctions and enforcement. Traffic lights could be used as an elementary model to verify uniformity and compliance in much more complex pieces of the law.

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26

Feng, Suwei, Guoqing Gu y Shiqiang Dai. "Effects of traffic lights on CA traffic model". Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 2, n.º 2 (mayo de 1997): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1007-5704(97)90042-3.

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27

Lakouari, N., O. Oubram, R. Marzoug, H. Ez-Zahraouy, J. G. Velásquez-Aguilar y L. Cisneros-Villalobos. "Simulation study of traffic circle intersection with traffic lights". International Journal of Modern Physics C 29, n.º 07 (julio de 2018): 1850062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183118500626.

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Using the Nagel-Schreckenberg model, we investigate the flow characteristics in a traffic circle system, where the entry lanes are controlled by traffic lights operating in a fixed-time ([Formula: see text]. We considered four different strategies to control traffic coming from [Formula: see text] entry lanes. We found that depending on the strategy used, four distinct traffic phases can appear in the circulating lane of the traffic circle, namely free flow, congestion, maximum current, and gridlock. Also, we investigate the origin of the gridlock phase in both cases (i.e. with/without traffic lights). Furthermore, the lengths of queues of stopped vehicles in the entry lanes were studied. We found that the traffic flow behavior on the exit/entry lanes depends strongly on the flow characteristics at the circulating lane as well as traffic lights strategy. To improve the operation of the traffic circle system, we have studied the time delay between the traffic lights to switch where all entry lanes go red, which allowing vehicles to clear the circulating lane.

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28

Ferrer, Javier, José García-Nieto, Enrique Alba y Francisco Chicano. "Intelligent Testing of Traffic Light Programs: Validation in Smart Mobility Scenarios". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3871046.

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In smart cities, the use of intelligent automatic techniques to find efficient cycle programs of traffic lights is becoming an innovative front for traffic flow management. However, this automatic programming of traffic lights requires a validation process of the generated solutions, since they can affect the mobility (and security) of millions of citizens. In this paper, we propose a validation strategy based on genetic algorithms and feature models for the automatic generation of different traffic scenarios checking the robustness of traffic light cycle programs. We have concentrated on an extensive urban area in the city of Malaga (in Spain), in which we validate a set of candidate cycle programs generated by means of four optimization algorithms: Particle Swarm Optimization for Traffic Lights, Differential Evolution for Traffic Lights, random search, and Sumo Cycle Program Generator. We can test the cycles of traffic lights considering the different states of the city, weather, congestion, driver expertise, vehicle’s features, and so forth, but prioritizing the most relevant scenarios among a large and varied set of them. The improvement achieved in solution quality is remarkable, especially forCO2emissions, in which we have obtained a reduction of 126.99% compared with the experts’ solutions.

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Yoneda, Keisuke, Akisuke Kuramoto, Naoki Suganuma, Toru Asaka, Mohammad Aldibaja y Ryo Yanase. "Robust Traffic Light and Arrow Detection Using Digital Map with Spatial Prior Information for Automated Driving". Sensors 20, n.º 4 (21 de febrero de 2020): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041181.

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Traffic light recognition is an indispensable elemental technology for automated driving in urban areas. In this study, we propose an algorithm that recognizes traffic lights and arrow lights by image processing using the digital map and precise vehicle pose which is estimated by a localization module. The use of a digital map allows the determination of a region-of-interest in an image to reduce the computational cost and false detection. In addition, this study develops an algorithm to recognize arrow lights using relative positions of traffic lights, and the arrow light is used as prior spatial information. This allows for the recognition of distant arrow lights that are difficult for humans to see clearly. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the recognition performance of the proposed method and to verify if it matches the performance required for automated driving. Quantitative evaluations indicate that the proposed method achieved 91.8% and 56.7% of the average f-value for traffic lights and arrow lights, respectively. It was confirmed that the arrow-light detection could recognize small arrow objects even if their size was smaller than 10 pixels. The verification experiments indicate that the performance of the proposed method meets the necessary requirements for smooth acceleration or deceleration at intersections in automated driving.

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Yabuuchi, Kento, Masahiro Hirano, Taku Senoo, Norimasa Kishi y Masatoshi Ishikawa. "Real-Time Traffic Light Detection with Frequency Patterns Using a High-Speed Camera". Sensors 20, n.º 14 (20 de julio de 2020): 4035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20144035.

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LEDs are widely employed as traffic lights. Because most LED traffic lights are driven by alternative power, they blink at high frequencies, even at twice their frequencies. We propose a method to detect a traffic light from images captured by a high-speed camera that can recognize a blinking traffic light. This technique is robust under various illuminations because it can detect traffic lights by extracting information from the blinking pixels at a specific frequency. The method is composed of six modules, which includes a band-pass filter and a Kalman filter. All the modules run simultaneously to achieve real-time processing and can run at 500 fps for images with a resolution of 800 × 600. This technique was verified on an original dataset captured by a high-speed camera under different illumination conditions such as a sunset or night scene. The recall and accuracy justify the generalization of the proposed detection system. In particular, it can detect traffic lights with a different appearance without tuning parameters and without datasets having to be learned.

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31

Liao, Zhuhua, Hao Xiao, Silin Liu, Yizhi Liu y Aiping Yi. "Impact Assessing of Traffic Lights via GPS Vehicle Trajectories". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, n.º 11 (12 de noviembre de 2021): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10110769.

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The adaptability of traffic lights in the control of vehicle traffic heavily affects the trafficability of vehicles and the travel efficiency of traffic participants in busy urban areas. Existing studies mainly have focused on the presence of traffic lights, but rarely evaluate the impact of traffic lights by analyzing traffic data, thus there is no solution for practicably and precisely self-regulating traffic lights. To address these issues, we propose a low-cost and fast traffic signal detection and impact assessment framework, which detects traffic lights from GPS trajectories and intersection features in a supervised way, and analyzes the impact range and time of traffic lights from intersection track data segments. The experimental results show that our approach gains the best AUC value of 0.95 under the ROC standard classification and indicates that the impact pattern of traffic lights at intersections is high related to the travel rule of traffic participants.

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32

Horvat, Rajko, Berislav Barišić-Jaman, Gordan Mršić, Igor Špoljarić, Andro Vrdoljak y Ivan Pehar. "Method of Light Bulbs Analysis on Vehicles Damaged in Traffic Accidents". PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 22, n.º 4 (1 de marzo de 2012): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v22i4.191.

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One of the measures to increase road traffic safety in Croatia is the introduction of obligatory use of daily lights on vehicles in road traffic during driving, regardless of the visibility and the time of day. The paper describes the new original technical and technological procedure of analysing automotive light bulbs in order to find the traces of glass particles of the broken glass balloon in the marginal cases of action of small inertia forces generated as result of a traffic accident. Investigations of light bulbs in traffic accidents had been rarely done before; therefore the subject of this scientific research is the analysis of the light bulb filament used in automobiles to light the road ahead and to give light signals, i.e. all the light signalling devices on the automobile using the new technical and technological procedure by means of SEM/EDX method. The scientific research has improved the investigation procedure in analysing the light bulbs on automobiles in determining whether at the moment of the traffic accident the regulatory lights were switched on. In determining the responsibility of participants for causing the traffic accident, such a fact may sometimes be of crucial significance. KEY WORDS: traffic accident, light bulb, technical and technological procedure, lights in traffic, microscope, molten glass particles

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33

Tian, Xiao Wei. "Road Traffic Light Control System Analysis and Design". Advanced Materials Research 1079-1080 (diciembre de 2014): 1002–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1079-1080.1002.

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PLC as a kind of widely used industrial control equipment, is now increasingly used in traffic lights system, which can realize the automatic control of a traffic signal system, shortening the time of waiting vehicles, realize scientific management. In the design of this article, but also introducing EDA simulation crossroads traffic lights ablaze and vehicle traffic, very vividly shows the practical application of PLC in the traffic light system. This article is built on a typical intersection traffic research investigation, and PLC controller to realize intelligent control of road traffic signal lamp.

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34

Maslim, Martinus, B. Yudi Dwiandiyanta y Nonety Viany Susilo. "Implementasi Metode Logika Fuzzy dalam Pembangunan Sistem Optimalisasi Lampu Lalu Lintas". Jurnal Buana Informatika 9, n.º 1 (12 de julio de 2018): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jbi.v9i1.1661.

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Traffic lights are the lights for controlling the flow of traffic which installed at crossroads. Traffic lights have an important role in regulating traffic especially crossroads. One way to overcome the traffic problem is to build a system of traffic optimization where each point of the intersection phase at the road signals automatically. This system implements fuzzy mamdani logic method with MOM (Mean of Maximum) defuzzification for this method is very simple, easy to understand and objective. The traffic optimization system can generate the maximum green light seconds at each intersection according to the officer's input. The input required by the system is the length of the set queue, the width of the regulated path, the length of the queue on the next path, and the width of the path on the regulated path. The output of this system is proven to help optimize the number of green light seconds according to crossroads conditions.

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35

Qi, Weiwei, Huiying Wen, Chuanyun Fu y Mo Song. "Game Theory Model of Traffic Participants within Amber Time at Signalized Intersection". Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/756235.

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The traffic light scheme is composed of red, green, and amber lights, and it has been defined clearly for the traffic access of red and green lights; however, the definition of that for the amber light is indistinct, which leads to the appearance of uncertainty factors and serious traffic conflicts during the amber light. At present, the traffic administrations are faced with the decision of whether to forbid passing or not during the amber light in the cities of China. On one hand, it will go against the purpose of setting amber lights if forbidding passing; on the other hand, it may lead to a mess of traffic flow running if not. And meanwhile the drivers are faced with the decision of passing the intersection or stopping during the amber light as well. So the decision-making behavior of traffic administrations and drivers can be converted into a double game model. And through quantification of their earnings in different choice conditions, the optimum decision-making plan under specific conditions could be solved via the Nash equilibrium solution concept. Thus the results will provide a basis for the formulation of the traffic management strategy.

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Ma, Zibo, Tongchao Cui, Wenxing Deng, Fengyao Jiang y Liguo Zhang. "Adaptive Optimization of Traffic Signal Timing via Deep Reinforcement Learning". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (27 de noviembre de 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6616702.

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With rapid development of the urbanization, how to improve the traffic lights efficiency has become an urgent issue. The traditional traffic light control is a method that calculates a series of corresponding timing parameters by optimizing the cycle length. However, fixing sequence and duration of traffic lights is inefficient for dynamic traffic flow regulation. In order to solve the above problem, this study proposes a traffic light timing optimization scheme based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). In this scheme, the traffic lights can output an appropriate phase according to the traffic flow state of each direction at the intersection and dynamically adjust the phase length. Specifically, we first adopt Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) to improve the convergence speed of the model. Then, we elaborate the design of state, action, and reward, with the vehicle state defined by Discrete Traffic State Encoding (DTSE) method. Finally, we conduct experiments on real traffic data via the traffic simulation platform SUMO. The results show that, compared to the traditional timing control, the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the waiting time of vehicles and queue length in various traffic flow modes.

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37

Martins, Vanessa, João Rufino, Luis Silva, João Almeida, Bruno Miguel Fernandes Silva, Joaquim Ferreira y José Fonseca. "Towards Personal Virtual Traffic Lights". Information 10, n.º 1 (17 de enero de 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10010032.

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Traffic control management at intersections, a challenging and complex field of study, aims to strike a balance between safety and efficient traffic control. Nowadays, traffic control at intersections is typically done by traffic light systems which are not optimal and exhibit several drawbacks, such as poor efficiency and real-time adaptability. With the advent of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), vehicles are being equipped with state-of-the-art technology, enabling cooperative decision-making which will certainly overwhelm the available traffic control systems. This solution strongly penalizes users without such capabilities, namely pedestrians, cyclists, and other legacy vehicles. Therefore, in this work, a prototype based on an alternative technology to the standard vehicular communications, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), is presented. The proposed framework aims to integrate legacy and modern vehicular communication systems into a cohesive management system. In this framework, the movements of users at intersections are managed by a centralized controller which, through the use of networked retransmitters deployed at intersections, broadcasts alerts and virtual light signalization orders. Users receive the aforementioned information on their own smart devices, discarding the need for dedicated light signalization infrastructures. Field tests, carried out with a real-world implementation, validate the correct operation of the proposed framework.

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38

Simeunović, Milja, Vuk Bogdanović y Milan Simeunović. "Historical development оf traffic lights". Put i saobraćaj 64, n.º 4 (17 de diciembre de 2018): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.64.04.08.

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39

&NA;. "Traffic Lights That Think Ahead". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 43, n.º 6 (junio de 2001): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200106000-00002.

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40

Kidd, L. R., H. W. Corner y D. R. Johnston. "Group and save traffic lights". Anaesthesia 70, n.º 6 (10 de mayo de 2015): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anae.13064.

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41

Kim, Hyun-Koo, Kook-Yeol Yoo, Ju H. Park y Ho-Youl Jung. "Traffic Light Recognition Based on Binary Semantic Segmentation Network". Sensors 19, n.º 7 (10 de abril de 2019): 1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071700.

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A traffic light recognition system is a very important building block in an advanced driving assistance system and an autonomous vehicle system. In this paper, we propose a two-staged deep-learning-based traffic light recognition method that consists of a pixel-wise semantic segmentation technique and a novel fully convolutional network. For candidate detection, we employ a binary-semantic segmentation network that is suitable for detecting small objects such as traffic lights. Connected components labeling with an eight-connected neighborhood is applied to obtain bounding boxes of candidate regions, instead of the computationally demanding region proposal and regression processes of conventional methods. A fully convolutional network including a convolution layer with three filters of (1 × 1) at the beginning is designed and implemented for traffic light classification, as traffic lights have only a set number of colors. The simulation results show that the proposed traffic light recognition method outperforms the conventional two-staged object detection method in terms of recognition performance, and remarkably reduces the computational complexity and hardware requirements. This framework can be a useful network design guideline for the detection and recognition of small objects, including traffic lights.

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42

Hamarashid, Hozan Khalid, Miran Hama Rahim Saeed y Soran Saeed. "Designing a Smart Traffic Light Algorithm (HMS) Based on Modified Round Robin Algorithm". Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research 2, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2017): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24017/science.2017.1.8.

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Nowadays, traffic light system is very important to avoid car crashes and arrange traffic load. In the Sulaimani City / Iraq, there are many traffic problems such as traffic congestion or traffic jam and the amount of time provided manually to the traffic light system. This is the main difficulty that we try to solve. The traffic lights exist but still do not manage traffic congestion due to the fixed time provided for each lane regardless of their different load. Therefore, we are proposing to change the traditional traffic system to smart traffic system (adaptive system). This paper Focuses on the existing system (fixed system), then propose the adaptive one. The main crucial side effects of the existing system are: Emergency cases: congested traffics might block the way of emergencies for instance ambulance, which transports people to the hospital Wasting time of people generally and specially Delays, which lead people to not to be punctual, this means people arrive late to the work Wasting more fuels as staying more in the traffics, which affects the environment by increasing pollution.

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43

Xu, Cheng Jia. "Study on Intelligent Traffic Lights Based on Internet of Things". Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (julio de 2013): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.636.

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Nowadays, the conversion of traffic lights is depends on fixed period way instead of the situation of the traffic. A very few areas which are using intelligent traffic lights haven't supply a systemic solution to intelligent traffic lights. The field of intelligent traffic lights is still a blank in the word. Using the technology of RFID and Internet of Things, the paper offers a systemic and particular solution to the control system of the intelligent traffic lights that is on the non-trunk and non-busy road.

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44

Kozin, Yuriy. "Road Traffic Light in New Configuration". Journal of Road Safety 32, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2021): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-20-00253.

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The three-color system containing signals of the same circular shape has been in existence for over a hundred years. Each traffic signal has been justifiably selected to have a special color light to correspond to human psychoemotional reaction (red – stop, yellow – caution, green – go) to a given color signal (British Standards, 2015) and to comply with the laws of physics (The Motivated Engineer, 2015) – Rayleigh’s scattering law (Banc SpaceTek, 2017). The main downsides of the traditional road traffic light include the following: • The uniform circular shape of light signals results in uncertainty and difficulties for road users with color blindness and visual impairments, resulting in the need for restrictions or bans on driving license issuance in some countries. This uncertainty becomes particularly acute in conditions of low visibility. • According to the concept of harmony of form and color (Itten, 1961), a green light alone corresponds to the circular (spherical-like) shape of the signal. Red and amber lights harmoniously combine with other geometrical shapes. • The uniform shape of light signals prevents the implementation of the original compact combined model of traffic lights. For example, during the day, colorblind people can tell which signal is which because there is a standard position assigned: top – bottom or right – left (Oliveira, Souza, Junior, Sales & Ferraz, 2015). This becomes problematic if the compact combined models of traffic lights are used. Engineers and inventors have been trying to solve these problems by introducing random changes in the light signal shape and complicating the traffic light design. For a long time there have been different proposals about how to eliminate the demerits of the existing traffic lights: from arbitrary changes in the signal shape (Patterson, 1988) to transformation of traffic lights into a single-section display panel (Kulichenko, 2011) which replaces among others stationary road signs. However, technical solutions like these deprive the traffic light of its signal uniformity and conciseness (simplicity, clarity and precision of its controlling effect), features which help safe traffic regulation in a busy and dynamic mode. Technical modernization of individual signal components has been going hand in hand with technological developments as light sources, diffusers, lenses, controllers, materials, control systems, timers, etc. are improved. However, adequate design and aesthetic proposals are considerably behind. The aim of this paper is to propose a concept of creating control signals of traffic light that harmonize color and form, and, as a result, to create a new model of traffic light that will be convenient for all road users.

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45

Andronov, Roman y Evgeny Leverents. "Effectiveness of adaptive control of traffic light intersection on isolated multi-lane intersections". E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 02107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002107.

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The use of information technology in traffic management can increase the capacity of traffic intersections and reduce vehicle delays. In cities, adaptive traffic control at traffic lights intersections has been well established. Adaptive regulation is applied mainly on isolated traffic lights, where the traffic flow has a predominantly exponential distribution of intervals. It was established experimentally that the effectiveness of the method decreases with a supersaturated traffic flow, which makes it difficult to find a “cutoff point”, a convenient moment for switching the traffic light signal. The article shows that at isolated multi-band intersections, the search for a convenient signal switching time is difficult at low loading levels. At uninsulated intersections, the incoming flow will have clear periods of time without vehicles, which makes the operation of adaptive traffic control in these conditions at a multi-lane crossing more efficient. This suggests the need for further study of the patterns of distribution of intervals between cars in urban environments at the approaches to non-isolated intersections and at the approach to intersections operating without coordination with other traffic lights.

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46

Boroiu, A., E. Neagu y A. A. Boroiu. "Opportunities to improve road traffic on short-length road connections by correlating intersection traffic lights". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 960, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/960/1/012020.

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Abstract The paper aims to explore the possibilities of improving road traffic in the central area of cities characterized by a longitudinal arrangement of the street network, with application for the case of Pitesti, where the road network in the central area consists of two main roads arranged longitudinally, having one-way regulated traffic, interconnected by several streets. A special traffic problem is reported in the city center: on the main road connecting the two boulevards, the vehicle storage space is insufficient - because the distance between the two road intersections is too small and there is no correlation between the Green phases of traffic lights in the two intersections. The research, based on traffic measurements performed with DataFromSky software and micro-simulation traffic analyses performed with Vissim PTV software, indicated that the best solution is the partial or total correlation of the green time from the traffic light intersections that delimit the connecting road artery. As, almost exclusively, the works dedicated to the correlation of green light of traffic lights treat the problem only along the road arteries, this paper raises a special issue and reveals the possibility of simple solutions, by correlating the traffic lights at the intersections connecting the main arteries.

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47

Guardiola, Carlos, Benjamín Pla, Varun Pandey y Richard Burke. "On the potential of traffic light information availability for reducing fuel consumption and NOx emissions of a diesel light-duty vehicle". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, n.º 4 (2 de agosto de 2019): 981–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019867167.

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The paper addresses the impact of traffic light information availability in terms of fuel consumption and emissions by means of comparing three different scenarios that a driver of a diesel light-duty vehicle may face when trying to cover a particular route of 1 km with two traffic lights in between. The first scenario is that the driver does not know in advance the state of the traffic lights. The second scenario assumes that the driver knows the state of the traffic lights but has no modelling nor computation capabilities to solve the associated optimal control problem. In the third scenario, the driver knows in advance the state of the traffic lights and is also able to solve the corresponding optimal control problem that leads to fuel consumption or NOx emission minimisation. In this study, the vehicle-speed trajectories associated with the previously described three scenarios have been computed and then tested in a Euro 5 Diesel vehicle installed in a chassis dynamometer. The obtained results show that traffic light information is essential for fuel minimisation in urban conditions, promoting reductions of 7.5–12% and 13–32% for fuel consumption and NOx emissions in the studied case. In addition, differences in the engine-operating conditions for high efficiency and low NOx emissions may lead to extremely high fuel consumption when NOx minimisation is foreseen or viceversa.

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48

Hill, David. "Smart Traffic Lights Change Patterns to Keep Traffic Moving". Civil Engineering Magazine Archive 85, n.º 9 (octubre de 2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/ciegag.0001034.

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49

Chung, K. H., P. M. Hui y G. Q. Gu. "Two-dimensional traffic flow problems with faulty traffic lights". Physical Review E 51, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1995): 772–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.51.772.

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50

Bhagavan, K., B. Yaswitha Reddy, T. Krishna Sujay y T. Sravan Kumar. "Density Based Traffic Light Controlling System using IOT". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 2.32 (31 de mayo de 2018): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.32.15716.

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The present existing frameworks do dominant the traffic becomes major issue owe to fast increase in vehicles and conjointly owing to giant time lag between the traffic lights. So, so as to improve the downside, I am going to opt for the effective traffic lights system using Density technique. This paper illustrate you how to manage traffic density. During this scheme, the sensing are adopted to live traffic substantially. we rearrange one LDR sensing element for each one road; these Light Dependent resistors sensors forever the traffic thereon specific roadway. of these LDR sensors are interfaced with micro controller. Supported controller & Sensors recognize traffic after that traffic system has been controlled.

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