Artículos de revistas: "Traffic Engineering Division"

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B, Suresh. "Analyzing Unorganized Data: A Study on Internet Traffic Using Informatica". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, n.º 5 (31 de mayo de 2023): 3831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.52475.

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Abstract: The exponential growth of internet traffic has led to the need for advanced tools and techniques for analyzing network traffic in IT divisions. This research paper explores the use of Informatica, powerful data integration and transformation tool, for analyzing internet traffic data. Specifically, the paper focuses on the use of IP, source, and destination addresses as key parameters for analyzing internet traffic in IT divisions. The paper describes the process of creating an Informatica mapping file for processing internet traffic data, and presents the results of an analysis of internet traffic data collected from a sample IT division. The findings of the research demonstrate the effectiveness of using Informatica for analyzing internet traffic in IT divisions and provide insights into the patterns of internet traffic in such settings.

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2

Twardosz, Ewa, Katarzyna Zacharuk y Damian Wojda. "Engineering problems of traffic safety devices". Inżynieria i Budownictwo LXXIX, n.º 11-12 (15 de diciembre de 2023): 662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.1387.

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The continuously growing network of traffic routes together with the increasing concern for human safety cause a significant increase in the demand for traffic safety engineering devices. Their use is only allowed with a National Technical Assessment, which can be obtained by meeting a number of requirements. The article discusses the most important problems that the authors encounter during certification tests of traffic safety devices. In the first part of the article will be discussed the requirements of maintaining the dimensions and quality of connections. Necessary requirements with division to different types of balustrades are also included. The second part of the article presents the requirements and most common problems related to corrosion protection of traffic safety devices. The issue of thickness of coatings, frequently occurring defects related to galvanizing processes and defects of paint coatings was discussed.

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3

Gao, Yueer y Yanqing Liao. "Urban Tourism Traffic Analysis Zone Division Based on Floating Car Data". Promet - Traffic&Transportation 35, n.º 3 (28 de junio de 2023): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v35i3.104.

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Tourism traffic has a considerable influence on the state of urban traffic in tourist cities. To consider tourism traffic demand in the division of conventional traffic analysis zones (TAZ), a spatial analysis method combining dynamic traffic state features with static land use and road network characteristics is proposed to define tourism traffic analysis zones (TTAZs). Taking Xiamen Island as an example, first, point of interest (POI) data for the tourism elements on Xiamen Island and kernel density estimation (KDE) are applied to determine the core zones impacted by tourism traffic. Second, within the impacted zones, this paper studies the dynamic distribution of the tourism traffic for peak hours during holidays and non-tourism period by employing spatial autocorrelation method based on floating car data (FCD) and determines the area of slow traffic agglomeration of tourism traffic. In view of the distribution of tourism infrastructure, land use, tourism traffic state distribution and road network, this study identified the characteristics of slow traffic agglomeration in the area near Siming Road and divided four TAZs into six TTAZs. By further dividing the urban TTAZs, this paper hopes to provide a reference for urban traffic planning and management, tourism planning and land use planning.

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4

Wang, Hongyong, Xiaohao Xu y Yifei Zhao. "Empirical analysis of aircraft clusters in air traffic situation networks". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, n.º 9 (25 de julio de 2016): 1718–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016660870.

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The existing research on air traffic complexity ignores the effects of air traffic situation structure and, thus, cannot reflect the heterogeneous traffic density distribution in airspace. In this study, the structure of air traffic situation was characterized using the idea of community structure in complex networks. An aircraft cluster model was built, and an aircraft cluster discovery method based on depth-first traversal was proposed. The aircraft cluster division effect was comprehensively represented by cluster performance indices, including cohesion and stability. The routinely recorded radar data in two air traffic control sectors were collected to assess the cluster division results. Through statistics, the threshold intervals with 95% of best performance are 40–60 km and 20–50 km for the two sectors, respectively. The value 40 km was selected to further statistically characterize the aircraft clusters. Compared with K-means clustering, the proposed method does not require the predefined number of clusters and has high stability, which confirms its feasibility into cluster division in dynamic air traffic situation. The structural characteristics of aircraft clusters, including the average intra-cluster horizontal distance, number of clusters, and size and life cycle of clusters, were statistically analyzed. Comparison of cluster structures with the commonly used dynamic density index shows that in air traffic situation with relatively large number big size of clusters, the aircraft trajectory changes more frequently. Structural characterization of aircraft clusters is able to portray the nonuniformity of traffic density distribution, and contributes to comprehensive description of air traffic situation, thus providing a new prospect for analysis of air traffic complexity. Moreover, aircraft cluster division contributes to auto-identification of hot-spots on radar screen, and efficiently eliminates the workload imposed on controllers during judgment of these congestion hot-spots, thereby improving the air traffic operation efficiency.

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5

Liang, Zijun, Xuejuan Zhan, Wei Kong y Yun Xiao. "Space-Time Resource Integrated Optimization Method for Time-of-Day Division at Intersection Based on Multidimensional Traffic Flows". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2023 (6 de febrero de 2023): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1512346.

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Based on the change trends of traffic flow in different controlled directions at an intersection, the space-time resource integrated optimization method for TOD (time-of-day) division based on multidimensional traffic-flow data is proposed in this paper. By analyzing the traffic-flow data of 8, 4, 2, and 1 dimensions commonly used at the intersection, the dynamic Fisher algorithm is used to complete the time segment division of the traffic-flow sequence of different dimensions. On this basis, the preliminary TOD division is completed, and the phase timing and lane-use assignment corresponding to the preliminary time periods are optimized. Then, the adjacent time periods are merged and tested to complete the final result of the TOD division. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the schemes based on traffic-flow data of different dimensions are carried out by using the data at an actual intersection in Wuhu City, and the total and average vehicle delays of different schemes throughout the day are evaluated by VISSIM. The results show that the more dimensions of traffic flow data are adopted, the more refined the TOD division scheme is, and the less the total delay and average delay at intersections throughout the day are. In particular, the TOD division scheme after further optimizing the lane-use assignment can further reduce the total and average vehicle delay throughout the day. It shows that the method using multidimensional traffic-flow data at an intersection to carry out the integrated optimization of TOD division, lane-use assignment, and phase timing has good applicability.

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6

Tian, Xiujuan, Chunyan Liang y Tianjun Feng. "Dynamic Control Subarea Division Based on Node Importance Evaluating". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (18 de agosto de 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9923514.

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In order to optimize the existing control subarea division methods, a new dynamic subarea division method based on node importance evaluating is proposed for regional coordinated control. Firstly, considering the characteristics of road network and traffic flow between adjacent intersections, correlation degree model is established by calculating the correlation coefficients of traffic flow, signal cycle, and traffic state. Then, road traffic network is abstracted into a network topology structure graph. From the global perspective of the road network, intersection position information and the importance contribution between adjacent intersections are taken into account, and the correlation degrees between adjacent intersections are taken as the edge weights to construct intersection importance evaluation matrix. Finally, an actual road network is selected, and an improved Newman algorithm is employed to verify and analyze the method proposed in this paper. Results show that, compared with other methods, the control subarea division result of the new proposed method is more elaborate and more in line with the actual traffic flow characteristics. Moreover, dynamic subarea division can be realized according to the traffic characteristics of different periods, which can provide a good basis for the formulation of the signal control schemes in the next stage.

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7

Lan, Huihui y Xianyu Wu. "Research on Key Technology of Signal Control Subarea Partition Based on Correlation Degree Analysis". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (16 de marzo de 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1879503.

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In order to accurately divide the traffic control subarea and improve the regional coordination control effect, this paper studies the key technologies of traffic control subarea division from the influence of the discrete characteristics of the fleet on the coordinated control. Correlation analysis method and regression analysis method are used to construct the correlation model of adjacent intersections. The principle and process of transportation subarea division are designed by using analytic hierarchy process, and a new traffic subarea division model is proposed. Taking Gulou Street in Miyun District of Beijing as an example, combined with the green wave coordination optimization method, the new model was applied and simulated in SimTraffic. The simulation results show that the average delay of the intersection is reduced by 21.4%, the total number of stops is reduced by 9.62%, and the travel time is shortened by 8.75%. The new intersection degree model and the coordinated control scheme obtained by the traffic subarea division model make the highest traffic efficiency. That is, to verify the scientific research method of this paper, the research results are reliable and the practical application value is high.

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8

Zhang, Ning. "Control and Operation to Hybrid Optical Network". Advanced Materials Research 186 (enero de 2011): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.576.

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In this paper, a novel hybrid optical network system is presented. The continuing increase of data traffic keeps the pressure on the backbone telecommunication networks requiring more diverse and more intelligent allocation of capacity. Optical networking has become a key technology in accommodating the rapidly expanding Internet traffic. Hybrid nodes are now playing a key role in optical networks by facilitating efficient traffic management. New optical networks are expected to support the increasing network load by employing both sophisticated transmission (wavelength division multiplexing division (WDM)) and switching technologies (optical switches and cross-connects). This study will explain how the hybrid nodes achieve with different network models and make it operation through innovative technical designs.

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9

Akiyama, Minoru, Yoshiaki Tanaka, Julio Seguel y Hideaki Fukushima. "Traffic analysis of TSTST time division speech paths". Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 70, n.º 2 (1987): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecja.4410700209.

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10

HOLLÓ, Péter. "DIVISION OF ROAD SAFETY AND TRAFFIC ENGINEERING, INSTITUTE FOR TRANSPORT SCIENCES LTD. (KTI)". IATSS Research 26, n.º 2 (2002): 122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0386-1112(14)60053-4.

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11

Cerutti, I. y A. Fumagalli. "Traffic grooming in static wavelength division multiplexing networks". IEEE Communications Magazine 43, n.º 1 (enero de 2005): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2005.1381882.

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12

Wang, Li, Xiao-ming Liu, Zhi-jian Wang y Zheng-xi Li. "Urban Traffic Signal System Control Structural Optimization Based on Network Analysis". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/706919.

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Advanced urban traffic signal control systems such as SCOOT and SCATS normally coordinate traffic network using multilevel hierarchical control mechanism. In this mechanism, several key intersections will be selected from traffic signal network and the network will be divided into different control subareas. Traditionally, key intersection selection and control subareas division are executed according to dynamic traffic counts and link length between intersections, which largely rely on traffic engineers’ experience. However, it omits important inherent characteristics of traffic network topology. In this paper, we will apply network analysis approach into these two aspects for traffic system control structure optimization. Firstly, the modified C-means clustering algorithm will be proposed to assess the importance of intersections in traffic network and furthermore determine the key intersections based on three indexes instead of merely on traffic counts in traditional methods. Secondly, the improved network community discovery method will be used to give more reasonable evidence in traffic control subarea division. Finally, to test the effectiveness of network analysis approach, a hardware-in-loop simulation environment composed of regional traffic control system, microsimulation software and signal controller hardware, will be built. Both traditional method and proposed approach will be implemented on simulation test bed to evaluate traffic operation performance indexes, for example, travel time, stop times, delay and average vehicle speed. Simulation results show that the proposed network analysis approach can improve the traffic control system operation performance effectively.

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13

Yang, Zhengcai, Yunzhong Hu y Youbing Zhang. "Path-Planning Strategy for Lane Changing Based on Adaptive-Grid Risk-Fields of Autonomous Vehicles". World Electric Vehicle Journal 13, n.º 10 (20 de septiembre de 2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj13100175.

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The quantification and effective representation of safety risks for scenarios in structured road traffic environments of autonomous driving are currently being investigated in an active way. Based on artificial potential fields, a risk-field model for the traffic environment that considers the motion state of an obstacle vehicle is established, and an adaptive-grid risk-field method is proposed for autonomous vehicles. In this method, the traffic environment is meshed initially, and adaptive-grid division is performed using a quadtree grid-dividing strategy for root grids where the grid risk values are within the division interval, which allows for a more accurate quantification of traffic environment risk values. Adding adaptive-grid risk-field parameters to the cost function of the path-planning algorithm improves the accuracy of path safety risk assessment and completes the evaluation and selection of the optimal lane-change path. Simulation results show that the adaptive-grid risk-field established in this paper can effectively express the safety risks of the traffic environment, and the path-planning algorithm incorporating the adaptive-grid risk-field can obtain better paths for lane change compared with the traditional path-planning algorithm, while ensuring the safety of lane change.

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14

Zhang, Ning. "Control Traffic Flows and Differing Quality of Service with Reservation of Bandwidth in Optical Network". Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (marzo de 2011): 1309–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.1309.

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In this paper, a traffic flow control scheme is presented. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology have significantly increased the transmission capacity of today’s transport networks, and played an extremely important role in high-speed network. Since high bandwidth wavelength channels will be filled up by many low-speed traffic streams, efficiently provisioning customer connections with such diverse bandwidth needs is a very important problem and is also known as the traffic-grooming problem. Traffic grooming is an extremely important issue for next-generation optical WDM networks.

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15

Pei, Yingying, Xia Zhu, Guohong Li, Yongtao Jin, Yuyan Liu, Yuanping Liu, Gang Liu y Jiangxia Fan. "Complex Traffic Network Analysis Method Based on a Multiscale Aggregation Model". Journal of Sensors 2022 (25 de marzo de 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7311117.

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Identifying the aggregation characteristics of the geospatial network is an important aspect of analyzing highway traffic networks. Based on the complex network theory, this paper studies the block aggregation characteristics of the highway traffic network and proposes an Improved PageRank Spectral Clustering (IPSC) Algorithm to divide the functional blocks of highway traffic networks. Firstly, the theoretical model of a highway traffic network is constructed by adding location attribute weight, geographical distance weight, road grade weight, and dynamic traffic congestion weight. Secondly, the improved PageRank algorithm is used to get the ranking of key nodes of the highway traffic network. The clustering center and the number of clusters are determined by the ranking of key nodes and the shortest path distance. Then the improved spectral clustering algorithm is used to divide the functional blocks of the highway transportation network and identify the special common blocks of the highway transportation network. Finally, the IPSC Algorithm is used to analyze the aggregation mode of complex traffic networks at city and district scales. Crossing the limit of administrative division, the division results of special common blocks of highway transportation networks are obtained. Maintaining the connectivity between blocks can improve the overall efficiency of highway transportation networks.

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16

Shen, Hui, Jing Yan, Daoguang Liu y Zhigui Liu. "A new method for determination of time-of-day breakpoints based on clustering and image segmentation". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 47, n.º 8 (agosto de 2020): 974–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2019-0153.

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Signal control is an important part of the transportation system and plays an important role in improving the capacity of intersections. This paper proposes a new traffic time division method for multiperiod fixed-time control strategy. Firstly, we put forward a new concept — transportation overlap rate — to complete the clustering of daily traffic flow patterns. Then, all the daily traffic flow data belonging to the same category are composed into a matrix, which is converted into the corresponding image later with the aim of using the fast and robust fuzzy C-means clustering (FRFCM) method to segment it. Finally, the traffic time division and breakpoint location are obtained through further analysis and processing of the segmentation results. For each period, the optimal signal cycle and green split are separately calculated by Webster’s signal timing method to satisfy different traffic demands of each period and effectively improve the operation efficiency of the intersection. The simulation results at a certain intersection in the city of Mianyang demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed method.

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17

Hu, Jian-Qiang. "Optimal traffic grooming for wavelength-division-multiplexing rings with all-to-all uniform traffic". Journal of Optical Networking 1, n.º 1 (21 de diciembre de 2001): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jon.1.000032.

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Sun, Guodao, Baofeng Chang, Lin Zhu, Hao Wu, Kai Zheng y Ronghua Liang. "TZVis: visual analysis of bicycle data for traffic zone division". Journal of Visualization 22, n.º 6 (10 de septiembre de 2019): 1193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12650-019-00600-6.

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Hou, Ying, Hai Huang, Kai Wang y Yu Hang Zhu. "Video Call Traffic Identification Based on Bayesian Model". Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (septiembre de 2013): 1307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.1307.

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This paper proposes Bayesian statistical method to identify the video traffic by the symmetrical features and coding statistical characteristics of video calls. According to the problem of high computational complexity of the non-parametric probability density estimate method in the condition of large samples, we propose grid probability density estimation method of gird division to reduce the computational complexity. We present identification results. The experimental results indicate that that this method can effectively detect video call traffic.

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20

Shi, Ming Song, Li Jia Zhang, Bo Liu, Qi Zhang, Yong Jun Wang, Qing Hua Tian, Xiao Li Yin y Xiang Jun Xin. "A New Traffic Engineering Algorithm to Simplify Network in Optical Switching Network". Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (noviembre de 2014): 2140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.2140.

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With the explosive growth of optical network dimensioning [1] and the call of traffic, the network traffic is becoming more and more imbalanced. When some links are busy and have congestion, some others are idle for long time. This paper proposes a theory which simplifies a complex optical network into an equivalent easy one using the bandwidth of the optical link. and we call this theory TDBB. For the large capacity optical switching network node 1000×1000,divided in two level :the ms level 32×32 optical switching and ns level 32×32 using time division multiplexing in subcarrier wave. Every subcarrier [2] has 10G bandwidth. So we have 10T in single wave ,200T in single fiber. 10P capacity of total 50 ports. which is to say this theory can work for TE project in optical switching network which has more than 10pbs large capacity.

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21

Yu, Yuezhao, Chao Gou y Chen Xiong. "Intergeneration Division Based on Key Component Analysis in an Autonomous Transportation System Using the Natural Language Processing Method". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2023 (16 de marzo de 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/5850876.

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Advancement of emerging technologies and increasing of transport demands accelerate the evolution of the autonomous transportation system (ATS). Framework and architecture of ATS are becoming a research hotspot; however, by far, few studies on transportation intergeneration division are not basically involved. Previous works indicate that key components are critical representation in the distinguishing of long-term era. Besides, massive text material accumulates as the research work goes on, and natural language processing technique keeps developing, which makes quantitative research on key components in intergeneration division become possible. In this work, a method based on the massive text analysis is proposed. First, the LDA2vec is used to get the relationship between components and other elements. Then, a word set is from the component word set extraction module based on component items. Finally, the component word set is clustered to get ATS generation and to generate key components. Based on an analysis of large-scale important traffic texts, our method divides the traffic system into three generations for Chinese traffic from 2010 to 2022. The key components of our method given are consistent with human cognition of ATS. Successful application indicates that this work can be extended to other intergeneration division fields.

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Yeh, Chien-Hung, Wen-Piao Lin, Syu-Yang Jiang, Shang-En Hsieh, Ching-Hsuan Hsu y Chi-Wai Chow. "Integrated Fiber-FSO WDM Access System with Fiber Fault Protection". Electronics 11, n.º 13 (5 de julio de 2022): 2101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11132101.

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In this study, we propose a new wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) system to support the blended fiber-free space optics (FSO) signal access. To provide the fiber and FSO traffics simultaneously, the C- and L-band channels are applied in the presented PON, respectively. Moreover, to avoid the fiber breakpoint in the fiber access traffic, the proposed WDM access architecture also can provide the self-restored mechanism by applying simple fiber routing path. In addition, the corresponding signal performances of fiber and FSO channels are also executed experimentally for demonstration.

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Feng, Lei, Xin Zhao, Haobo Lin y Rui Li. "Urban Arterial Signal Coordination Using Spatial and Temporal Division Methods". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (9 de agosto de 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4879049.

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Traffic signal coordination on urban arterials often requires that timing plans be divided either spatially into clusters of signalized intersections or temporally as time-of-day-based plans. This research proposes a method of dividing timing plans by both spatial and temporal factors simultaneously, in order to provide a dynamic coordinated signal control plan suitable for handling variations in intersection demands and fluctuations in traffic flow. The optimal coordination phase difference of adjacent space coordination subarea is obtained through the method of set operation, so that the spatial subareas can be connected. Similarly, timing plans are dynamically grouped into times of day using the concept of risk decision-making by solving the minimum value of the risk function. Divisions can be further adjusted in real time by changing the conditions, thus resulting in dynamic coordinated signal control. The proposed method was tested in a microscopic simulation of a real-world arterial based on empirical volumes and turning movements. The results showed that the proposed model produced greater reductions in delay and queue length when compared to the methods that subdivide by spatial or temporal thresholds alone. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the proposed method was better suited to imbalances in directional volumes when compared to spatial or temporal division methods alone.

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Chen, Jian, Yongkun Shi, Jiaquan Sun, Jiangkuan Li y Jing Xu. "Base Station Planning Based on Region Division and Mean Shift Clustering". Mathematics 11, n.º 8 (21 de abril de 2023): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11081971.

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The problem of insufficient signal coverage of 5G base stations can be solved by building new base stations in areas with weak signal coverage. However, due to construction costs and other factors, it is not possible to cover all areas. In general, areas with high traffic and weak coverage should be given priority. Although many scientists have carried out research, it is not possible to make the large-scale calculation accurately due to the lack of data support. It is necessary to search for the central point through continuous hypothesis testing, so there is a large systematic error. In addition, it is difficult to give a unique solution. In this paper, the weak signal coverage points were divided into three categories according to the number of users and traffic demand. With the lowest cost as the target, and constraints such as the distance requirement of base station construction, the proportion of the total signal coverage business, and so on, a single objective nonlinear programming model was established to solve the base station layout problem. Through traversal search, the optimal threshold of the traffic and the number of base stations was obtained, and then, a kernel function was added to the mean shift clustering algorithm. The center point of the new macro station was determined in the dense area, the location of the micro base station was determined from the scattered and abnormal areas, and finally the unique optimal planning scheme was obtained. Based on the assumptions made in this paper, the minimum total cost is 3752 when the number of macro and micro base stations were determined to be 31 and 3442 respectively, and the signal coverage rate can reach 91.43%. Compared with the existing methods, such as K-means clustering, K-medoids clustering, and simulated annealing algorithms, etc., the method proposed in this paper can achieve good economic benefits; when the traffic threshold and the number of base stations threshold are determined, the unique solution can be obtained.

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Yao, Ronghan, Wensong Zhang y Dong Zhang. "Period Division-Based Markov Models for Short-Term Traffic Flow Prediction". IEEE Access 8 (2020): 178345–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3027866.

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Han, Yi-shi. "Adaptive evolutionary algorithm for traffic grooming in wavelength-division multiplexing networks". Optical Engineering 49, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2010): 035003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3362895.

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Deng, Xiaoli y Yao Hu. "Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram Estimation Considering Traffic Flow Condition of Road Network". Promet - Traffic&Transportation 35, n.º 5 (30 de octubre de 2023): 681–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v35i5.107.

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A macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) is an important basis for road network research. It describes the functional relationship between the average flow and average density of the road network. We proposed an MFD estimation method based on the traffic flow condition. Firstly, according to statistical theories, the road network data are divided into three traffic flow conditions (free flow, chaotic and congested) bounded by a 95% confidence interval of the maximum traffic capacity of each intersection in the road network. Then, in each condition, we combined principal component analysis and the Jolliffe B4 method to reduce dimension for extracting critical intersections. Finally, the full-scale dataset of the road network was reconstructed to estimate the road network MFD. Through numerical simulation and empirical research, it is found that the root mean square error and absolute percentage error between estimated MFD and true MFD considering the traffic flow condition are smaller than those without considering the traffic flow condition. The MFD estimation and the division of the traffic states of the road network were completed at the same time. The proposed method effectively saves the time cost of road network research and is highly accurate.

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Shen, Jiayan, Xiucheng Guo, Yiming Zhang y Meina Zheng. "Traffic Status Dynamic Evaluation of an Eight-Lane Highway Based on the Lane Level". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (2 de diciembre de 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1659475.

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Traffic status analysis is the basis for highway management and control. Most of the previous research studies were carried out from the perspective of road segments. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the difference in traffic operation characteristics of an eight-lane highway from the perspective of lanes. Lane saturation, average lane speed, and lane density were selected as traffic state evaluation indicators, and the concept of state space division was introduced to classify the traffic operation status of each lane. Then, a single-system multi-index dynamic comprehensive evaluation method was adopted to reflect the time-varying characteristics and the development trend of the operation status of each lane. The research results can provide the theoretical support for more refined highway management and improve the service level of the eight-lane highway.

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Liang, Guohua, Xujiao Sun, Yidan Zhang, Mingli Chen y Wanting Zhang. "Identifying Expressway Accident Black Spots Based on the Secondary Division of Road Units". Promet - Traffic&Transportation 33, n.º 5 (8 de octubre de 2021): 731–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v33i5.3680.

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For the purpose of reducing the harm of expressway traffic accidents and improving the accuracy of traffic accident black spots identification, this paper proposes a method for black spots identification of expressway accidents based on road unit secondary division and empirical Bayes method. Based on the modelling ideas of expressway accident prediction models in HSM (Highway Safety Manual), an expressway accident prediction model is established as a prior distribution and combined with empirical Bayes method safety estimation to obtain a Bayes posterior estimate. The posterior estimated value is substituted into the quality control method to obtain the black spots identification threshold. Finally, combining the Xi'an-Baoji expressway related data and using the method proposed in this paper, a case study of Xibao Expressway is carried out, and sections 9, 19, and 25 of Xibao Expressway are identified as black spots. The results show that the method of secondary segmentation based on dynamic clustering can objectively describe the concentration and dispersion of accident spots on the expressway, and the proposed black point recognition method based on empirical Bayes method can accurately identify accident black spots. The research results of this paper can provide a basis for decision-making of expressway management departments, take targeted safety improvement measures.

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Nowak, Błażej, Maciej Sobieraj, Erich Leitgeb y Piotr Zwierzykowski. "Simulation Studies of 3-Stage Clos Switching Network with Prioritization Mechanism Used in Flexible Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Network Nodes". Electronics 13, n.º 7 (2 de abril de 2024): 1342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13071342.

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Given the escalating need for greater bandwidth, there is a growing interest in implementing mechanisms that ensure reliable and optimal service levels for specific traffic classes, especially during periods of heavy network traffic. One such mechanism is the prioritization mechanism, where certain portions of resources are exclusively allocated to predefined services. In the context of contemporary flexible WDM networks that employ advanced data transmission techniques, efforts have been made to create a simulation program capable of assessing the traffic characteristics of nodes within flexible WDM networks. This article presents a simulator of flexible WDM nodes with an implemented mechanism for prioritizing call classes. The simulator allows us to determine the loss probability for individual traffic classes in a switching network with point-to-point selection. In the simulator, the Clos structure was adopted as the structure of the flexible WDM network node due to its popularity in many studies and applications.

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31

Zhang, Xinyu, Ruijie Li, Xiang Chen, Junjie Li y Chengbo Wang. "Multi-object-based Vessel Traffic Scheduling Optimisation in a Compound Waterway of a Large Harbour". Journal of Navigation 72, n.º 3 (5 de noviembre de 2018): 609–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463318000863.

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In order to investigate the benefits of compound waterways more fully, this study reveals vessel navigational mode and traffic conflicts in a compound waterway through a case analysis, following which a type of simplified prototype of a compound waterway is proposed and three key conflict areas are specified. Based on the three key sub-models of slot allocation for vessels in a waterway entrance, traffic flow conversion of a main and auxiliary waterway in a precautionary area, and traffic flow coordination of division and confluence in a Y crossing area, a vessel traffic scheduling optimisation model is presented, with the minimum waterway occupancy time and minimum total waiting time of vessels as the objective. Furthermore, a multi-objective genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the model and a simulation experiment is carried out. By analysing the optimised solution and comparing it with other scheduling schemes in common use, the results indicate that this method can effectively improve navigation safety and efficiency in a compound waterway.

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32

Kapelyuk, Zoya A. y Yana V. Popova. "Improving the Quality of Transportation Services through the Development of Railway Infrastructure in the Siberian Federal District". Общество: политика, экономика, право, n.º 11 (22 de noviembre de 2023): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/pep.2023.11.14.

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The article describes the degree of influence of the level of transport infrastructure development on the quality of transportation services provided to the population. It analyzes the state of infrastructure in the Siberian Fed-eral District for all types of transport, and considers a risk-oriented approach to traffic safety in railway transport as an internal control of service quality indicators. According to the results of the factor analysis of train traffic safety risks of the activity of the West Siberian Engineering Structures Division, the problematic risk factors af-fecting the quality level of the indicator “Reliability” are determined. The integral assessment of the quality of services provided for the use of transport infrastructure and the significance of risk factors in relation to the achievement of the reference state of the quality criterion “Safety” are determined. Long-term corrective measures of transport infrastructure development aimed at improving the quality of services in general are examined.

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33

Cho, Moon-Je, Woongsup Lee y Tae-Won Ban. "Backhaul traffic reduction using limited feedback in cellular frequency division duplex uplink networks". Computers & Electrical Engineering 67 (abril de 2018): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2018.03.026.

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34

Yu, Quan, Li Ping Shi, Ning Li y Xiao Hui Deng. "Passing Stage Division of Bicycle Groups at Signalized Intersection". Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (mayo de 2011): 4408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4408.

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This paper presents a simple identifying method of bike group ,then takes bicycle groups of signalized intersection as the research object, investigations and video cameras are carried out at two signalized intersections in Beijing and Tianjin city. For the data analysis,by using K-means cluster analysis method ,this paper selects three criterions which are the average speed of bicycle group,the width of bicycle group and the length of bicycle group. Based on three indexes , the passing stage of the bicycle groups at two signalized intersections of Beijing city and Tianjin city are divided into three stages :the first stage for bicycle group gradually spreading ,the second stage for expanding ,the third stage for gradually shrinking.The research on the passing stage of bicycle group starting and running through the intersection at the signalized intersection are useful for determining the capacity of vehicles with the impact of bicycle , and for calculating the signal timing of bicycle under the mixed traffic flow condition at signalized intersection.

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35

Ясинский, С. А. y А. Н. Зюзин. "TRANSMISSION OF LOWSPEED TRAFFIC ON TRANSPORT COMMUNICATION NETWORKS WITH WAVELENGTHDIVISION MULTIPLEXING". Электросвязь, n.º 2(39) (10 de marzo de 2023): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34832/elsv.2023.39.2.007.

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Рассматриваются способы передачи трафика низкоскоскоростных каналов в волоконно-оптических системах связи со спектральным разделением каналов. Обсуждаются особенности структуры системы груминга и математически формулируются условия ее оптимальной реализации. Предлагаются варианты сетевого резервирования при создании груминга. The article discusses the methods of transmission of subrate channels in fiber-optic transmission systems with wavelength-division multiplexing. The features of the structural implementation of the grooming system are considered. Mathematically, the conditions for the optimal implementation of grooming are formulated. Network redundancy options are offered when creating grooming.

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36

Zhu, Liling, Bingmei Jia, Da Yang, Yuezhu Wu, Guo Yang, Jingang Gu, Hongtong Qiu y Qian Guo. "Modeling the Traffic Flow of the Urban Signalized Intersection with a Straddling Work Zone". Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (9 de septiembre de 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1496756.

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Work zones widely exist on urban roads in many countries and have a significant negative impact on traffic. Few studies have focused on modeling the traffic flow of the work zone on the urban arterials, especially on the work zone at the intersections. In this paper, a microscopic model based on the social force theory for the traffic flow of the intersection with a specific work zone, called straddling work zone, is proposed. The model can capture the no lane division and irregular boundary characteristics of the traffic of the intersection with a straddling work zone and also can reflect the interaction of the intersection traffic flows from the two opposite directions. The proposed model is calibrated and validated using the real work zone data, and the results display that the MARE values are all less than 10%. The factors affecting the traffic flow in the straddling work zone are analyzed through simulation. Our study reveals that the distance from the lower edge of the work zone to the median divider of the road and the proportion of large vehicles in the work zone have the greatest impact on the signalized intersection, which provides a reference for the future traffic control at the intersection with the straddling work zone.

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37

Wang, Xiliang, Yujing Tang, Qingyu Qi, Guomei Wang y Bowen Bi. "Optimization of Emergency Transportation Organization of Holiday Tourism Traffic". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (7 de enero de 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2264876.

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The purpose of the optimization of holiday traffic emergency traffic organization is to solve the problem of serious traffic jams in holiday scenic spots. Based on the prediction of traffic volume and traffic mode division in the future years of the scenic spot, the traffic accident route is analyzed to provide theoretical support for the emergency traffic organization and planning of the scenic spot. This article takes the Shijiazhuang Jinta Bay scenic area as the research object, based on the traffic volume of the Jinta Bay tourist scenic area from 2009 to 2016, analyzes the traffic environment of the scenic area, predicts the traffic demand, and builds a one-way traffic organization double-layer optimization model. The simulated annealing algorithm is used to solve the model, an emergency transportation organization optimization plan is formulated, and the feasibility of the plan is verified through VISSIM simulation. The results of the study show that the one-way traffic organization method reduces the average vehicle delay by 32.2% and the average queue length by 14.5%. The one-way traffic organization based on branch diversion can more effectively solve the main road jamming and congestion caused by traffic accidents, prevent the occurrence of secondary accidents, and reduce the economic losses of scenic area managers. At the same time, the purpose of ensuring the tourist quality of tourists and the economic interests of scenic spot management departments is ensured.

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38

Zhou, Run, Bo Li, Mao Yang y Zhongjiang Yan. "OFDMA Based QoS-Oriented Guarantee Novelty Multiple Access Protocol". Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 36, n.º 3 (junio de 2018): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20183630543.

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The next generation wireless local area network (WLAN) 802.11ax standards committee takes high quality of service(QoS) guarantee as one of important technology goals of the next generation WLAN. As a result of a variety of wireless traffics, so the requirements of the QoS must also be varied. However, the existing media access control(MAC) protocol based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA) can’t support QoS diversification and high requirement well. To solve this problem, this paper presents a QoS-oriented OFDMA MAC for the next generation WLAN. On one hand, for backward compatibility consideration, continue to use four priority traffics of 802.11e in this protocol; on the other hand, the introduction of QoS-oriented priority scheduling algorithm to support future wireless traffic feature which is QoS of diversification and high requirements. Finally, through the simulation, the system effective throughput of the proposed QoS-OFDMA MAC is 57.8% and 59% higher than the OFDMA MAC of the sequential scheduling algorithm and the OFDMA MAC of the proportional fairness algorithm.

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39

Li, Shuo, Tommy Nantung y Yi Jiang. "Assessing Issues, Technologies, and Data Needs to Meet Traffic Input Requirements by Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1917, n.º 1 (enero de 2005): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191700116.

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As part of the implementation initiatives undertaken by the Indiana Department of Transportation Research Division, this paper presents the effort made to identify potential issues arising from traffic data processing and to assess technologies and data needs to meet the requirements of traffic design inputs in the Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide. Global Positioning Systems (GPSs) and geographical information system (GIS) technologies were proposed to manage weigh-in-motion (WIM) and automatic vehicle classification site information and manipulate the traffic design input database. Computer programs were developed to process the raw data ASCII files generated from a WIM vendor's software. A platform was developed to combine GPS coordinates, GIS base maps, data processing programs, and the traffic database into an integral unit. Three WIM sites were selected for trial study. It was demonstrated that, with this platform, the WIM sites and database can be accessed visually and more efficiently. In addition, the computer programs can save significant data processing time. Other issues, such as the possible effect of unclassified vehicle count, were identified. On the basis of findings from the implementation initiatives, necessary efforts and future implementation activities are outlined.

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40

Wallace, T. D., A. Shami y C. Assi. "Scheduling advance reservation requests for wavelength division multiplexed networks with static traffic demands". IET Communications 2, n.º 8 (2008): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com:20070500.

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41

Hu, Juan Juan, Feng Li, Bing Han y Jinbao Yao. "Analysis of the influence on expressway safety of ramps". Archives of Transport 43, n.º 3 (13 de septiembre de 2017): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4226.

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As the very important parts of the expressway system, on and off ramps have a great effect on the operation effect of expressways. Once congestion occurs at on and off ramps, it will directly affect the safety of the expressway and vehicles. So this paper first analyzes the location design of on ramps, the length and the influences on the expressway running state of off ramp downstream traffic state, and establishes the expressway operation models based at on and off ramps. The expressway operation models include off ramp delay model, on ramp delay model, expressway delay model and side road delay model under the influence of the distance between on and off ramp and traffic volume. At the same time, the paper analyzes the connection between the traffic operation state and traffic safety, and establishes the expressway safety model based on congestion degree. Through simulation verification, the impact of on and off ramp on the security of the expressway is analyzed. In the simulation, safety rank division is simulated to verify and safety index of different safety ranks. Finally the paper concludes that the delay caused by traffic of the on and off ramps can decrease the safety of expressway.

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42

Liu, Chang, Xinzheng Niu, Yong Ma, Shiyun Shao y Bing Wang. "TL-TSD: A two-layer traffic sub-area division framework based on trajectory clustering". Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 133 (julio de 2024): 108365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.108365.

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43

Jiao, Yueguang. "Improving genetic algorithms for arbitrary traffic grooming in wavelength division multiplexing ring networks". Optical Engineering 43, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2004): 3155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1810140.

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44

Wen, Haibo. "New dynamic grooming approaches for multicast traffic in meshed wavelength-division-multiplexing networks". Optical Engineering 46, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 2007): 025004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.2697485.

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45

Gu, Rentao, Gang Wang, Zhekang Li y Yuefeng Ji. "Energy and Transmission Efficiency Enhancement in Passive Optical Network Enabled Reconfigurable Fronthaul Supporting Smart Homes". Sensors 20, n.º 21 (2 de noviembre de 2020): 6245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216245.

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Smart home technologies are growing actively all around the world. As a result, great pressures are imposed on internet of things networks by dynamic traffic and plenty of devices. The passive optical network is considered one of the most promising fronthaul technologies. In particular, the time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network has shown the advantage of high capacity and received attention recently. In support of internet of things networks, the energy and transmission efficiency has emerged as an important issue on the time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network enabled fronthaul networks. In this paper, we try to enhance the energy and transmission efficiency of the time and wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network enabled reconfigurable fronthaul. Fronthaul links’ load balancing is also taken into consideration. An integer non-linear programming model is employed to formulate the joint optimization problem. We also provide an adaptive genetic algorithm-based approach with fast convergence. The simulation results show that the active units of fronthaul can be dynamically switched on/off with the traffic variation and a significant energy saving is achieved. In addition, the maximum transmission efficiency increases by 87% with integer non-linear programming method in off-peak periods.

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46

Liu, Yuze, Weihong Wu, Ying Wang, Jiang Liu y Fan Yang. "SUDC: Synchronous Update with the Division and Combination of SRv6 Policy". Future Internet 16, n.º 4 (22 de abril de 2024): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi16040140.

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With the expansion of network scale, new network services are emerging. Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6) can meet the diverse needs of more new services due to its excellent scalability and programmability. In the intelligent 6-Generation (6G) scenario, frequent SRv6 Traffic Engineering (TE) policy updates will result in the serious problem of unsynchronized updates across routers. Existing solutions suffer from issues such as long update cycles or large data overhead. To optimize the policy-update process, this paper proposes a scheme called Synchronous Update with the Division and Combination of SRv6 Policy (SUDC). Based on the characteristics of the SRv6 TE policy, SUDC divides the policies and introduces Bit Index Explicit Replication IPv6 Encapsulation (BIERv6) to multicast the policy blocks derived from policy dividing. The contribution of this paper is to propose the policy-dividing and combination mechanism and the policy-dividing algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that compared with the existing schemes, the update overhead and update cycle of SUDC are reduced by 46.71% and 46.6%, respectively. The problem of unsynchronized updates across routers has been further improved.

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47

Song, Jun-fang, Shu-yu Wang y Hai-li Zhao. "Traffic Flow Detection at Road Intersections Based on K-Means and NURBS Trajectory Clustering". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (17 de noviembre de 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1383198.

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In view of the variety and occlusion of vehicle target motion on the urban intersection, it is difficult to accurately detect the traffic flow parameters in all directions and categories of the intersection, so an improved k-means trajectory clustering method based on NURBS curve fitting is designed to obtain the traffic flow parameters. Firstly, the B-spline quadratic interpolation function is used to fit the smooth NURBS curve of vehicle trajectory; secondly, K-means clustering is used to measure the minimum distance, and the location of the first and last end points of the vehicle trajectory is used to realize the automatic division of the intersection area; finally, according to the intersection area where the start and end points of vehicle trajectory belong, respectively, the moving mode of a vehicle is determined, and the traffic flow parameters are classified and counted. Experiments show that the method has high accuracy and simple algorithm, which can meet the application requirements of intelligent transportation. It can provide effective data for traffic congestion analysis and lane occupancy estimation, and it is an important parameter for dynamic time setting of intersection information lights.

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48

Carey, Jason y John Semmens. "Measurement Tools for Assessing Motor Vehicle Division Port-of-Entry Performance". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1906, n.º 1 (enero de 2005): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190600115.

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The Arizona Department of Transportation's Motor Vehicle Enforcement Services (MVES) conducts interstate commercial vehicle operations and enforcement activities at fixed ports of entry (POEs) along Arizona's interstate and international borders. These POE facilities play an important role in commercial vehicle safety and revenue collection by screening commercial vehicle traffic for compliance with state and federal regulations. POEs provide needed services but lack a clear means of evaluating services relative to the efficiency and effectiveness of enforcement activities. This inability makes it difficult to communicate POEs achievements and identify potential improvements in service quality. Measuring efficiency and effectiveness can help to direct resources for performing MVES functions. To ensure that public funds invested in the Arizona POE program provide a return to taxpayers in the form of increased safety and reduced damage to highways, several measures of performance at MVES commercial ports are proposed. Arizona POEs are used as a case study to evaluate various ways to measure performance.

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49

Babenko, Mykhailo y Nina Lymar. "DESIGNING AND DIAGNOSING COMPUTER NETWORKS WITH SIMULATION TOOLS". Collection of scholarly papers of Dniprovsk State Technical University (Technical Sciences) 1, n.º 44 (6 de junio de 2024): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2519-2884.44.2024.20.

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This paper explores the simulation of computer network operations within a specific division, using the Systems Software Department at Dniprovsky State Technical University as a case study. NetCracker (NetCracker Technology, USA) and Cisco Packet Tracer (Cisco Systems, USA) serve as computer-aided engineering tools for modeling and analyzing computer networks. These applications enable users to select appropriate equipment from an integrated database for network engineering and provide capabilities for adding and configuring new types of equipment. Both NetCracker and Cisco Packet Tracer offer valuable simulation tools, including features for defining traffic characteristics across various protocols and visually monitoring these parameters. Additionally, they support the collection of statistical data and the generation of reports on experimental outcomes. The functionalities demonstrated by these systems highlight their potential utility for research and educational purposes in the fields of engineering, modeling, and analysis of computer networks.

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50

Sephton, B. G. "Railways—Do or Die". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 200, n.º 4 (octubre de 1986): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1986_200_195_02.

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The 1986 Railway Division Chairman outlines the problems facing the railways because of the decline in passenger and freight traffic over the past thirty years, and expresses his views on the contributions that engineers can make towards a strategy for recovery of the railways' market share. He gives details of how costs may be reduced in design, construction and maintenance of track, locomotives and rolling stock and how service to the customer may be improved.

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