Tesis sobre el tema "Traces numériques – Modèles mathématiques"
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Guery, Maxime. "Cartographie d’écosystèmes d’affaires liés à l’industrie 4.0 dans le Grand Est à partir de la structure relationnelle issue des traces numériques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS013.
Texto completoThe concept of the business ecosystem, introduced by James Moore from 1993, and Industry 4.0, which emerged in Germany in 2011, together form a phenomenon that has not yet been fully explored. These ecosystems are multidimensional, as heterogeneous elements connect to form complex sets that are difficult to analyze, and we have not identified any tools for studying them without an a priori model. To overcome this gap, we propose a modeling and analysis method using digital traces of the phenomenon to generate a simplicial complex. This method mainly uses Atkin's Q-analysis, which we have modernized by developing a graph version of the Q-analysis algorithm and pushing back the limits we have identified. The whole process is automated within the Hype calculation application. The main advantage of Q-analysis is its ability to calculate similarity between heterogeneous elements, with respect to dimensions that differ from one another, and without knowing the model of the phenomenon. We use Q-analysis to obtain business ecosystems candidates related to Industry 4.0 in the Grand Est region whose final objective is to help analysts understand how an ecosystem emerges or disappears, and thus facilitate their creation around specific topics. Thanks to a database that we have built up from the digital data, we have obtained encouraging preliminary results despite the poor quality of the dataset. We believe that by improving the quality of the data with richer dimensions, we will obtain even more convincing results
Dridi, Lotfi. "Transfert d'un mélange de solvants chlorés en aquifère poreux hétérogène : Expérimentations sur site contrôlé et simulations numériques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/DRIDI_Lotfi_2006.pdf.
Texto completoThree large-scale experiments were conducted on the experimental set-up SCERES. The multiphase multicomponent code SIMUSCOPP was used in order to simulate migration and transport of the mixture of TCE/PCE. The Partitioning Interwell Tracer Test carried out on SCERES presented limits as for its application on real site. In addition, numerical studies based on the inversion of concentration data showed that is possible to determine a pollutant distribution in a vertical plane from dissolved concentrations profiles in the case of a mono constituent source in homogeneous porous media. Quantification of the influence of a low permeable layer placed at the upper boundary of SCERES on the transfer of a TCE and PCE mixture revealed that even in the presence of a perched capillary water zone, the vapor fluxes towards the atmosphere is significant. Moreover, by using a 1-D numerical approach, it was shown that the error made in the estimation of the vapor fluxes towards the atmosphere by indirect approach increases when the water content varies significantly in the unsaturated zone. The numerical simulations carried out showed that SIMUSCOPP over-estimates the transfer of the vapor towards the aqueous phase and is not very sensitive to the type of injection used in the simulation. In the presence of local heterogeneities, the distribution of the source area is more complex and non uniform. In addition, it is shown that in the presence of a high water content in the unsaturated zone, the assumption of instantaneous equilibrium between the gaseous and aqueous phases is not valid. Moreover, by comparing the equilibrium dissolved concentrations of TCE and PCE, we could highlight the phenomenon of dissolution kinetics at the macroscopic scale
Canellas, Camila. "Métamodèle d'analytique des apprentissages avec le numérique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS538.pdf.
Texto completoThis work is part of a process of implementing a learning analytics process in a context where documentary production is carried out via an engineering approach driven by models. We are mainly interested in the possibilities that could emerge if the same approach is used in order to achieve such an implementation. Our problematic concerns the identification of these possibilities, in particular by ensuring to allow, via the proposed metamodel, the enrichment of learning indicators with the semantics and the structure of the educational documents consulted by the learners, as well as an a priori definition of relevant indicators. In order to design the metamodel in question, we first carried out an exploratory study with learners, aimed at knowing their needs and the reception of enriched indicators. On the other hand, we carried out a systematic review of the literature of existing interaction indicators in the field of learning analytics in order to gather the potential elements to be abstracted for the construction of the corresponding metamodel. The challenge was to design a metamodel where the elements necessary for the abstraction of this domain are present without being unnecessarily complex, making it possible to model both learning indicators based on a descriptive analysis and those used for a prediction or a diagnosis. We then proceeded to a proof of concept and an evaluation of this metamodel
Dzonou, Nganjip Raoul. "Convergence de schémas numériques pour des problèmes d'impact". Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STET4002.
Texto completoThe dynamics of systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom and non trivial inertia matrix which are submitted to a single perfect unilateral constraint is studied. The local impact law consists in the transmission of the tangential component of the velocity and the reflexion of the normal component which is multiplied by the restitution coefficient e Є [0,1]. By adopting the measure-differential formulation of J. J. Moreau, a velocity-based time-stepping method is developed, reminiscent of the catching-up algorithm for sweeping processes. It is shown that the numerical solutions converge to a solution of the problem
Dumas, Laurent. "Méthodes mathématiques et numériques pour les modèles cinétiques". Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077018.
Texto completoYemmas, Rachida. "Simulations numériques des matériaux granulaires". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20197.
Texto completoCarbonnell, Frédéric. "Étude de la prise en compte des effets instationnaires dans les simulations numériques (laminaire/turbulent)". Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT110H.
Texto completoBadsi, Mehdi. "Etude mathématiques et simulations numériques de modèles de gaines bi-cinétiques". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066178.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the construction and the numerical simulation theoretical models of plasmas in interaction with an absorbing wall. These models are based on two species Vlasov-Poisson or Vlasov-Ampère systems in the presence of boundary conditions. The expected stationary solutions must verify the balance of the flux of charges in the orthogonal direction to the wall. This feature is called the ambipolarity.Through the study of a non linear Poisson equation, we prove the well-posedness of 1d-1v stationary Vlasov-Poisson system, for which we determine incoming particles distributions and a wall potential that induces the ambipolarity as well as a non negative charge density hold. We also give a quantitative estimates of the thickness of the boundary layer that develops at the wall. These results are illustrated numerically. We prove the linear stability of the electronic stationary solution for a non-stationary Vlasov-Ampère system. Finally, we study a 1d-3v stationary Vlasov-Poisson system in the presence of a constant and parallel to the wall magnetic field . We determine incoming particles distributions and a wall potential so that the ambipolarity holds. We study a non linear Poisson equation through a non linear functional energy that admits minimizers. We established some bounds on the numerical parameters inside which, our model is relevant and we propose an interpretation of the results
Moreno, Roa Ramiro. "Simulations numériques vasculaires, spécifiques et réalistes". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/55/.
Texto completoThis work is a response to the queries raised by interventional medicine concerning the taking in charge of the wall's pathologies (aneurysm, dissection, coarctation, atherosclerosis). Indeed, clinicians are currently looking forward for a sufficiently robust and intuitive tool to forecast the consequences of therapeutic interventions. A numerical approach, in particular, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), can answer to the interrogations put forward by biomechanical functional imaging, provided it is integrated to both clinical routine and to technological development. The originality of this work is focused on the way how the position of the wall is set in the discrete field. The hemodynamic simulations carried out up to now can hardly describe the behaviour for the arterial wall. We propose to choose a non-coupled, fluid / structure model, which will impose at each time step of the CFD code, the position of the wall based on the dynamic medical imaging. A new MRI protocol is at the heart of the conditions imposed to the numerical calculations. The validation of this concept is averred through some in-vitro and in-vivo applications. A clinical study enabled to realise the feasibility in the case of patients having an Aortic Stent-Graft control. This research project intends to drive modern medicine towards a better knowledge of vascular pathologies and innovative technical means to handle them
Amara, Mounir. "Segmentation de tracés manuscrits. Application à l'extraction de primitives". Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES001.
Texto completoRamos, David. "Quelques résultats mathématiques et simulations numériques d'écoulements régis par des modèles bifluides". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001347.
Texto completola notion d'hyperbolicité, plus particulièrement de la
relation qui existe entre celle-ci et la nature bien posée
d'un problème de Cauchy obtenu à partir d'un système
d'équations aux dérivées partielles issu de la mécanique
des fluides ou la réalisation de la simulation numérique
d'un tel problème.
Dans un premier temps, nous rappelons en quoi la notion de
linéarisation d'un système d'équations aux dérivées
partielles semble naturelle à l'étude de ce système et
comment, de l'étude de ces problèmes linéarisés, plus
précisément de leur nature bien posée c'est-à-dire de leur
stabilité, découle la notion d'hyperbolicité.
Nous étudions ensuite le cas particulier d'un modèle à
quatre équations pour un écoulement bifluide comportant des
termes de diffusion pour les équations de quantité de
mouvement. Nous montrons alors que, bien que, pour ce
système, l'ajout des termes de diffusion n'entraîne pas
l'hyperbolicité du modèle obtenu, les problèmes de Cauchy
construits à partir de la linéarisation de ce système,
autour d'un état constant, sont désormais bien posés.
Enfin, nous considérons le cas d'un modèle à cinq équations
pour un écoulement bifluide. Ce modèle ne nécessite pas de
loi de fermeture algébrique (équations d'état ou lois
tabulées) mais comporte une équation aux dérivées
partielles portant sur la pression. Le système ainsi
obtenu n'est pas hyperbolique mais les valeurs propres de
l'opérateur d'advection sont toutes réelles. La simulation
numérique d'un écoulement régi par ce modèle, pour le cas
test du robinet de Ransom, ne fait néanmoins pas apparaître
les instabilités numériques que la nature mal posée du
linéarisé nous faisait craindre et qui sont présentes dans
les simulations réalisées à partir du modèle isentropique
classique à quatre équations.
Zeng, TieYong. "Etude de modèles variationnels et apprentissage de dictionnaires". Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA132009.
Texto completoCayol, Elodie. "Modèles et simulations numériques d'une boucle de climatisation automobile". Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11051.
Texto completoColas, Pierre. "Ecoulements hypersoniques eulériens : modèles physiques et numériques, application aux ondes de choc et aux tuyères bidimensionnelles". Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX11264.
Texto completoStroe, Mirela-Cristina. "Modélisation mathématique et simulations numériques de la mécanotransduction dans l'os cortical humain". Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA2008.
Texto completoBone remodeling is a highly complex process involving several interrelated phenomena. This thesis deals with one of these phenomena - the mechanotransduction, in particular with mathematical modeling and associated numerical simulations. In order to understand the nature of the information received by the cell before the reconstruction of the new osteon that is the best adapted to local mechanical stresses, several studies are developed from an existing model. Cortical bone is considered as a multiscale porous medium. Three architectural levels are proposed and a mathematical development based on the homogenization theory allows a numerical determination of the permeability tensor coefficients. An analysis based on viscoelastic laws is persued at nanoscopic level. For giving a plausible explanation of the mechanotransduction phenomenon independent of localization in bone, a study allowing the computation of all physical fields existing at a given level as consequence of macroscopic loading is presented. The only fluid aspect doesn’t allow a. Good knowledge by the cell of its environment and therefore it cannot induce an adapted cellular activity. This study shows that the collagen fibers, by their piezoelectric nature, transform the mechanical stresses induced by the surrounding part in an electric potential that the cells can sense
Al, Moatassime Hassan. "Simulations numériques d'écoulements permanents de fluides non newtoniens par une méthode multigrille". Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112472.
Texto completoLipp, Tobias. "Numerical methods for optimization in finance : optimized hedges for options and optimized options for hedging". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066104.
Texto completoThis dissertation contributes to optimization in finance through numerical methods. The input consists of two parts: In part 1, we propose a numerical method to compute a trading strategy for the hedging of a financial derivative with N hedging instruments. The underlying mathematical framework is local risk minimization in discrete time. The method combines Monte Carlo simulation with least squares regression in analogy to the method of Longstaff and Schwartz. We study the proposed method on two example problems. For both problems the number of hedging instruments is two. One of the hedging instruments is always the underlying asset of the hedging objective. The other hedging instrument is a vanilla put option in the first example and a variance swap in the second example. In part 2, we propose an optimal control approach for the optimization of European double barrier basket options. The basket consists of two assets. The objective is to control the payoff and the rebate at the upper barrier such that the delta of the option is as close as possible to a predefined constant. This gives rise to a control constrained optimal control problem for the (two-dimensional) Black-Scholes equation with Dirichlet boundary control and finite time control. Based on the variational formulation of the problem in an appropriate Sobolev space setting, we prove the existence of a unique solution and state the first order necessary optimality conditions. Discretization in space by P1 finite elements and discretization in time by the backward Euler scheme results in a fully discrete optimal control problem. Numerical results illustrate the benefits optimized double barrier options
Seumen, Tonou Patrick. "Méthodes numériques probabilistiques pour la résolution d'équations du transport et pour l'évaluation d'options exotiques". Aix-Marseille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX11076.
Texto completoMercier, Sophie. "Modèles stochastiques et méthodes numériques pour la fiabilité". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00368100.
Texto completoNous nous intéressons ensuite au remplacement préventif de composants devenus obsolescents, du fait de l'apparition de nouveaux composants plus performants. Le problème est ici de déterminer la stratégie optimale de remplacement des anciens composants par les nouveaux. Les résultats obtenus conduisent à des stratégies très différentes selon que les composants ont des taux de panne constants ou non.
Les travaux suivants sont consacrés à l'évaluation numérique de différentes quantités fiabilistes, les unes liées à des sommes de variables aléatoires indépendantes, du type fonction de renouvellement par exemple, les autres liées à des systèmes markoviens ou semi-markoviens. Pour chacune de ces quantités, nous proposons des bornes simples et aisément calculables, dont la précision peut être ajustée en fonction d'un pas de temps. La convergence des bornes est par ailleurs démontrée, et des algorithmes de calcul proposés.
Nous nous intéressons ensuite à des systèmes hybrides, issus de la fiabilité dynamique, dont l'évolution est modélisée à l'aide d'un processus de Markov déterministe par morceaux (PDMP). Pour de tels systèmes, les quantités fiabilistes usuelles ne sont généralement pas atteignables analytiquement et doivent être calculées numériquement. Ces quantités s'exprimant à l'aide des lois marginales du PDMP (les lois à t fixé), nous nous attachons plus spécifiquement à leur évaluation. Pour ce faire, nous commençons par les caractériser comme unique solution d'un système d'équations intégro-différentielles. Puis, partant de ces équations, nous proposons deux schémas de type volumes finis pour les évaluer, l'un explicite, l'autre implicite, dont nous démontrons la convergence. Nous étudions ensuite un cas-test issu de l'industrie gazière, que nous modélisons à l'aide d'un PDMP, et pour lequel nous calculons différentes quantités fiabilistes, d'une part par méthodes de volumes finis, d'autre part par simulations de Monte-Carlo. Nous nous intéressons aussi à des études de sensibilité : les caractéristiques d'un PDMP sont supposées dépendre d'une famille de paramètres et le problème est de comparer l'influence qu'ont ces différents paramètres sur un critère donné, à horizon fini ou infini. Cette étude est faite au travers des dérivées du critère d'étude par rapport aux paramètres, dont nous démontrons l'existence et que nous calculons.
Enfin, nous présentons rapidement les travaux effectués par Margot Desgrouas lors de sa thèse consacrée au comportement asymptotique des PDMP, et nous donnons un aperçu de quelques travaux en cours et autres projets.
Machmoum, Ahmed. "Méthodes numériques pour les fluides viscoélastiques : méthode des caractéristiques pour les modèles différentiels et intégraux". Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10024.
Texto completoNaulin, Jean-Marc. "Simulations numériques et analyse mathématique de modèles de viroses dans des populations structurées". Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12454.
Texto completoAlfaro, Avena Luis Leobardo. "Etude des structures orbitales des galaxies barrées : comparaison avec des modèles numériques de N-corps". Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11064.
Texto completoFontaine, Marine. "Modèles mathématiques de type "Hamiltonian Mean-Field" ˸ stabilité et méthodes numériques autour d’états stationnaires". Thesis, Rennes, École normale supérieure, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENSR0013/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we study the nonlinear orbital stability of steady states of "Hamiltonian mean-field" models, called HMF models. First, this study is being done theoretically by using variational methods. It is then carried out numerically by building numerical schemes wich exactly preserve steady states. Chapter 2 presents a theoretical study of the orbital stability of steady states which are solutions to the HMF Poisson system. More specifically, the orbital stability of a large class of steady states which are solutions to the HMF system with Poisson potential is proved. These steady states are obtained as minimizers of an energy functional under one, two or infinitely many constraints. The proof relies on a variational approach. However the boundedness of the space domain prevents us from using usal technics based on scale invariance. Therefore, we introduce new methods which, although specific to our context, remain somehow in the same spirit of rearrangements tools introduced for the Vlasov-Poisson system. In particular, these methods allow for the incorporation of an arbitrary number of constraints, and yield a stability result for a large class of steady states. In Chapter 3, numerical schemes exactly preserving given steady states are built. These schemes model the orbital stability property better than the classic ones. Then, a more general scheme is introduced by building a scheme wich preserves all steady states of HMF models. Lastly, by means of these schemes, we conduct a numerical study of stability of steady states solutions to HMF Poisson system. This completes the theoretical study in Chapter 2
Dongmo, Nguepi Guissel Lagnol. "Modèles mathématiques et numériques avancés pour la simulation du polymère dans les réservoirs pétroliers". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG077.
Texto completoAn effective technique to increase production in an oil field is to inject a mixture of water and polymer. The viscosity of polymer reduces the mobility of water, which then pushes oil better, resulting in a higher extraction rate. The numerical simulation of such an enhanced oil recovery is therefore of paramount importance. However, despite decades of research, the modeling of polymer flows in porous media and its numerical resolution remains a difficult subject.On the one hand, the models traditionally used by reservoir engineers exhibit, in the best case, resonance-like singularities that make them weakly hyperbolic. Thisdefect gives rise to some complications but remains acceptable. In the worst case, when we wish to incorporate the effect of the inaccessible pore volume (IPV), themodels become non-hyperbolic, which exacerbates the numerical instabilities that are likely to appear.On the other hand, classical numerical schemes do not yield satisfactory results. Without IPV, the excessive diffusion around the contact wave causes the most relevant information to be lost. With IPV, the existence of complex eigenvalues generates exponential instabilities at the continuous level that must be addressed at the discrete level to avoid a premature stop of the code.The objective of this thesis is to remedy these difficulties. Regarding models, we analyze several IPV laws and show an equivalence between two of them. Furthermore, we propose reasonable sufficient conditions on the IPV law to enforce weak hyperbolicity of the flow system. Regarding schemes for the problem without IPV, we advocate a correction to improve the accuracy of contact discontinuities. For the problem with IPV, we design a relaxation method that guarantees the stability of the calculations for all IPV laws
Ducasse, Éric. "Modélisation et simulation dans le domaine temporel d'instruments à vent à anche simple en situation de jeu : méthodes et modèles". Le Mans, 2001. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2001/2001LEMA1013.pdf.
Texto completoThe purpose is to conceive a physical model of a woodwind instrument including actions of the player for time-domain simulations. Both continuous and discrete time contexts need the design of methods linked to acoustics, signal processing and applied mathematics. The first chapter describes postulates and principles chosen for object-oriented modeling. The instrument is seen as lumped elements linked by pieces of tube. Some details are given on the modeling of a single reed mouthpiece and a key-pad system. Sound examples illustrate the potential of this kind of modeling in playing situation. In this introducing chapter, three important points are highlighted and developed in the three following chapters. The second chapter describes a two-port model of bore appropriate to cylinders, cones, and any other shapes without discontinuities in cross-section. This two-port uses locally-travelling waves as input, output, and state variables in preference to the usual travelling waves which can sometimes generate instabilities. The third chapter is about the mechanical modeling of a single reed. A lumped model with varying parameters is discussed, including questions about the rolling up of the reed on the lay of the mouthpiece and validity of a beam model. The fourth chapter attempts to establish principles of digital filter design for looped acoustic systems, especially for two-port descriptions of acoustic bores in discrete time domain
Capdeville, Daniel. "Modélisation d'écoulements à l'intérieur de chambres de combustion par assemblage de réacteurs chimiques élémentaires : approche numérique". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ESAE0015.
Texto completoQiang, Shijia. "Stratégie de localisation et identification d'objet à partir de quelques mesures tridimensionnelles". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10443.
Texto completoFafchamps, Damien. "Communications numériques dans les réseaux d'accès optique : modélisation, codage, performances". Paris, ENST, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENST0083.
Texto completoOptical communications got involved in techniques emerging from information theory very recently with the introduction of error correcting codes in 10 Gbitsls systems in the late 90s. Ever since then, attempts of adapting advanced code schemes has been on the increase such as concatenated convolutional codes, LDPC or Turbo codes. These are prospective works that have not led to standards yet. One of the necessary conditions for the optimization of digital communication systems is to adapt digital techniques to the communication channel. So coding schemes must be adapted to the optical context but modelization of the optical channel is completely different from the radio channel. This thesis is interfacing the domain of optical communications and the information theory applied to coding. This work led to a proposal cstatistical model describing the optical channel and aiming at combining precision and analytical simplicity in order to keep the model workable for coding. This model has been verified in the context of a three-year project dealing with the study and prototyping of an optical metropolitan network (ECOFRAME). Our contribution consists of the implementation of a simulator which allowed us to validate the theoretical model of the optical channel and to study the impact of the network configuration on the signal statistics. We highlighted decision strategies and decoding schemes adapted to the optical channel. In collaboration with ENSIL, we pointed out the impact of the channel modelization on LDPC codes performance in optical
Predoi, Racila Mihaela. "Elaboration d'une modélisation mathématique du transfert multiéchelle des signaux mécaniques dans l'os cortical humain : aspects théoriques et simulations numériques". Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA2064.
Texto completoTabet, Fouzi. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la simulation numériques des flammes turbulentes non-prémélangées". Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE2071.
Texto completoCappa, Frédéric. "Processus hydromécaniques couplés dans les réseaux de fractures hétérogènes : caractérisation in situ et simulations numériques". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4096.
Texto completoAbergel, Rémy. "Quelques modèles mathématiques et algorithmes rapides pour le traitement d’images". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB051/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we focus on several mathematical models dedicated to low-level digital image processing tasks. Mathematics can be used to design innovative models and to provide some rigorous studies of properties of the produced images. However, those models sometimes involve some intensive algorithms with high computational complexity. We take a special care in developing fast algorithms from the considered mathematical models. First, we give a concise description of some fundamental results of convex analysis based on Legendre-Fenchel duality. Those mathematical tools are particularly efficient to perform the minimization of convex and nonsmooth energies, such as those involving the total variation functional which is used in many image processing applications. Then, we focus on a Fourier-based discretization scheme of the total variation, called Shannon total variation, which provides a subpixellic control of the image regularity. In particular, we show that, contrary to the classically used discretization schemes of the total variation based on finite differences, the use of the Shannon total variation yields images that can be easily interpolated. We also show that this model provides some improvements in terms of isotropy and grid invariance, and propose a new restoration model which transforms an image into a very similar one that can be easily interpolated. Next, we propose an adaptation of the TV-ICE (Total Variation Iterated Conditional Expectations) model, recently proposed by Louchet and Moisan in 2014, to address the restoration of images corrupted by a Poisson noise. We derive an explicit form of the recursion operator involved by this scheme, and show linear convergence of the algorithm, as well as the absence of staircasing effect for the produced images. We also show that this variant involves the numerical evaluation of a generalized incomplete gamma function which must be carefully handled due to the numerical errors inherent to the finite precision floating-point calculus. Then, we propose an fast algorithm dedicated to the evaluation of this generalized 4 incomplete gamma function, and show that the accuracy achieved by the proposed procedure is near optimal for a large range of parameters. Lastly, we focus on the astre (A contrario Smooth TRajectory Extraction) algorithm, proposed by Primet and Moisan in 2011 to perform trajectory detection from a noisy point set sequence. We propose a variant of this algorithm, called cutastre, which manages to break the quadratic complexity of astre with respect to the number of frames of the sequence, while showing similar (and even slightly better) detection performances and preserving some interesting theoretical properties of the original astre algorithm
N'zi, Yoboué Guillaume. "Élaboration d'une plate-forme de calculs numériques d'un modèle d'état à la base d'une approche phénoménologique : cas d'un four rotatif de clinker". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30553/30553.pdf.
Texto completoThis study develops a mathematical platform going from the establishment of a knowledge database to the setting up of an adaptive model. This has required a new approach of modeling of the clinker rotary kiln (CRK). Thus, a state model of distributed parameter systems, based on physico-chemical phenomena, was designed using partial differential equations. The model structure is based on three state variables which are: the gas, clinker temperatures and the clinker mass distributions, and are elaborated with the help of heat, pressure and mass balance equations. The model parameters are defined by the functions of three state variables. Moreover, the resulting state model, decomposed into five phenomenological zones of CRK, is used as a first step to define a set of Operating Functions (OFs). These OFs has also been decomposed into longitudinal distribution of CRK to replace the constant, unknown or unmeasured parameters. We develop an identification procedure based on phenomenological and dimensional analysis where the identification of operational functions (model parameters) was performed from a stationary state of the CRK. Once the restores state variables have been evaluated, the desired input (which is treated as the control of the CRK) can be more easily found by the proposed model than by simple trial and error. Moreover, the fact that the computation time, to estimate-calibrate the OFs above-mentioned, is very short, then this dynamic computation works faster than real-time. In summary, the cooperation and coordination in real-time between industrial computers and the CRK allows for an adaptable model, where each specific set of the OFs must be analyzed by its accuracy.
Pelletier, Sylvain. "Modèle multi-couches pour l'analyse de séquences vidéo". Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090029.
Texto completoWe propose to study in this thesis the layer model and its applications to video analysis. According to this model, a video sequence is obtained by the projection of a three dimensional scene composed of several opaque objects located at different depths from the camera. The background is the last layer, and the moving objects are projected upon it, in order opposite of their depth. In the first chapter, we set forth a real-time video segmentation method based upon the layer model. Given a known background and a fixed camera, we compare the current frame and the background, detecting the occluded zones. Likewise we use a contrario detection to detect moving objects as meaningful clusters of changes. In Chapter 2, we look for reconstruction of layers from the video. We propose a deformation model of the objects' projection on the image, valid under some hypothesis on the objects' movement. Chapter 3 proposes a variational method to extract moving object layers from the sequence, even if these are hidden during several images
Masson, Pascale. "Etude d'algorithmes de classification contextuelle et application à la segmentation d'images satellite". Brest, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BRES2007.
Texto completoMoumni, Mohammed. "Sur quelques modèles mathématiques issus du micromagnétisme". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS004/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the study of some mathematical problems arising in micromagnetism. The models considered here are based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation (LLG) describing the evolution of the magnetization field in a ferromagnetic material. Our aim is the analysis of the behavior of the models regarding the slight variations of some physical parameters. We first recall some important notions about ferromagnetism. Then, we carry out a numerical study of a model of magnetization dynamics with inertial effects. We propose a semi-implicit finite difference scheme which intrinsically respects the properties of the continuous model. Numerical simulations are provided for emphasizing the effect of the inertia parameter. These simulations also show the performance of the scheme and confirm the order of convergence obtained theoretically. We then study a model of magnetization dynamics with a non-local damping. The sensitivity of the magnetization dynamics to the damping coefficient is studied by giving the limiting problem for small and large values of the parameter. Finally, we study the homogenization of the LLG equation in two types of structures, namely a composite material with strongly contrasted magnetic properties, and a periodically perforated material with surface anisotropy energy. The homogenized models are first obtained formally. The rigorous derivation is then performed using mainly the concepts of two-scale convergence, two-scale convergence on surfaces together with a new homogenization procedure for handling with the nonlinear terms. More precisely, an appropriate dilation operator is applied in a embedded cells network, the network being constrained by the microscopic geometry
Mrad, Mehdi. "Méthodes numériques d'évaluation et de couverture des options exotiques multi-sous-jacents : modèles de marché et modèles à volatilité incertaine". Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010010.
Texto completoEnchéry, Guillaume. "Modèles et schémas numériques pour la simulation de genèse de bassins sédimentaires". Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007371.
Texto completoet à la simulation de genèse de bassins sédimentaires.
Nous présentons tout d'abord les modèles mathématiques et
les schémas numériques mis en oeuvre à l'Institut Français
du Pétrole dans le cadre du projet Temis. Cette première partie
est illustrée à l'aide de tests numériques portant sur des bassins 1D/2D.
Nous étudions ensuite le schéma amont des pétroliers utilisé pour la résolution des équations de Darcy et nous établissons des résultats mathématiques nouveaux
dans le cas d'un écoulement de type Dead-Oil.
Nous montrons également comment construire un schéma à nombre
de Péclet variable en présence de pression capillaire.
Là encore, nous effectuons une étude mathématique
détaillée et nous montrons la convergence du schéma
dans un cas simplifié. Des tests numériques réalisés
sur un problème modèle montrent que l'utilisation d'un nombre
de Péclet variable améliore la précision des calculs.
Enfin nous considérons dans une dernière partie
un modèle d'écoulement où les changements de lithologie et
les changements de courbes de pression capillaire sont liés.
Nous précisons la condition physique que doivent vérifier
les solutions en saturation aux interfaces de changement de roche et
nous en déduisons une formulation faible originale.
L'existence d'une solution à ce problème est obtenue
par convergence d'un schéma volumes finis.
Des exemples numériques montrent l'influence de la condition
d'interface sur le passage ou la retenue des hydrocarbures.
Kasakova, Maria. "Modèles dispersifs de propagation de vagues : problèmes numériques et modélisation". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30130.
Texto completoWater waves propagation is a complex physical process. The direct numerical simulation using Navier-Stokes/Euler equations is a time-consuming and mathematically complicated solution. A good description of large-scale phenomena can be obtained by using relatively simple approximate models. However, if we are interested in a precise description of wave profiles, advanced modelling approaches are required. Once the model is derived, it needs to be solved numerically, and one faces another kind of challenges related to numerical simulations. The first part of the present thesis is devoted to the modelling of surface and internal ocean waves propagation, including dispersive effect and dynamics of the vorticity. In the framework of shallow water hypothesis, two models are derived. Both models involve additional equations for the vorticity evolution. To include the internal waves propagation, first, we consider a system of two immiscible fluids with constant densities. It represents a simple model of the ocean where the upper layer corresponds to the (thin) layer of fluid above the thermocline whereas the lower layer is under the thermocline. The second model includes a surf zone phenomenon. Shearing and turbulence effects in breaking waves are taken into account by a vorticity generation. Both models are governed by dispersive systems and reduce to a classical Green-Naghdi model in the case of vanishing vorticity. Additionally, an algorithm for the numerical resolution of the second model is proposed, and the validation by experimental results is performed. When dispersive/non-hydrostatic effects are taken into account, this usually leads to more accurate models of wave propagation like Green-Naghdi equations, or the two models derived in the first part, for example. The counterpart is that such a type of models requires advanced numerical techniques. In particular, one of the main issues is to define boundary conditions allowing the simulation of wave propagation in infinite physical space but on bounded numerical domains. In the second part of the present research, we focus on a definition of such boundary conditions for the Green-Naghdi equations. Artificial boundary conditions are first proposed for the linearised system. Then we address a hyperbolic system recently proposed to approximate the Green-Naghdi equations. A relatively simple structure of this new hyperbolic system allows for successful applications of Perfect Matched Layer (PML) techniques in order to deal with artificial numerical boundaries. Numerical tests are performed to validate the proposed approaches. In result, we have a correct description of numerical boundaries for non-linear cases. We have shown that the PML equations can be applied to the nonlinear system. Both approaches are then reformulated to solve the problem of injecting propagating waves in a computational domain
El, Ossmani Mustapha. "Méthodes numériques pour la simulation des écoulements miscibles en milieux poreux hétérogènes". Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3005.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we are interested in numerical methods for a model of incompressible and miscible flows having application in hydrogeology and oil engineering. We study and analyze a numerical scheme combining a mixed finite element method (MFE) and a finite volumes method (FV) to discretize the coupled system between an elliptic equation (pressure-velocity) and a convection-diffusion-reaction equation (concentration). The FV scheme considered is "vertex centred" type semiimplicit in time: explicit for the convection and implicit for the diffusion. We use a Godunov scheme to approach the convectif term and a P 1 finite element approximation for the diffusion term. We prove that the FV scheme is La and BV stable and satisfy the discrete maximum principle under a suitable CFL condition. Then, we show the convergence of the approximate solution obtained by the combined scheme MFE-FV towards the solution of the coupled problem. The proof of convergence is done in several steps : first we deduce strong convergence of the approximate solution in L2(Q), using La stability, BV estimates and a compactness argument. In the second step we study the decoupled MFE scheme, by giving a convergence result for the pressure and velocity. In the final step, the process of convergence of the approximate solution of the combined scheme MFE-FV towards the exact solution is obtained by passing in the limit and uniqueness of the solution of the continuous problem. . . Finally, we analyze a residual error estimator for a convection-diffusion-reaction equation discretized by a semi-implicit finite volume. We introduce two kinds of indicators. The first is local in time and space and constitutes an effective tool for the adaptation of the grid to each time step. The second is total in space but local in time and can be used for the adaptation in time. The error etimators with respect to both time and space yield global upper and local lower bounds on the error measured in the energy norm. Numerical results of adaptations of grid are presented and show the effectiveness of the method. The software part of this work concerns two shutters. The first allowed to carry out an IMPES simulator, MFlow, written in C++, for the simulation of the system of miscible flows considered in this thesis. The second shutter relates to the collaboration with a group of researchers for the development of the Homogenizer++ platform realized within the framework of the GDR MoMaS (http://momas. Univ-lyon1. Fr/)
Gabard, Gwénaël. "Méthodes numériques et modèles de sources aéroacoustiques fondés sur l'équation de Galbrun". Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1477.
Texto completoPropagation and generation of sound in fluid flows represent an important problem for several industrial applications, particularly for transports. The main caracteristic of this thesis is the use of an original model, Galbrun's equation, to describe acoustic wave propagation in flows. Concerning numerical methods, a dispersion analysis is carried out for several finite element models for aeroacoustic propagation. Furthermore, several non-reflecting boundary conditions for Galbrun's equation in the frequency domain are derived. Two aerodynamic noise source models based on Galbrun's equation are proposed. The first one stems from the source term for the linearized Euler equations proposed by Bailly while the second is obtained with the E. I. F. Approach originaly proposed by Hardin and Pope
Feng, Haifeng. "Etudes des liens entre couleurs et émotions à partir des annotations spontanées". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066627.
Texto completoLahbabi, Fatima Zohra. "Frontières d'écoulements turbulents et traitement numérique d'images". Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT124H.
Texto completoEudeline, Laurence. "Modélisation structurelle et fonctionnelle des circuits logiques en vue du test". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20057.
Texto completoDesgrouas, Margot. "Comportement asymptotique de processus utilisés en fiabilité dynamique". Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0305.
Texto completoIn dynamic reliability, a system is represented by a couple of random variables (It,Xt), where It stands for the discrete state of the system such as up or down state, and Xt stands for physical or environmental variables which influence jumps between discrete states. Between jumps, the evolution of the environmental variable is specified by a differential equation. Such processes (It,Xt) belong to the family of Piecewise Deterministic Markov Processes (PDMP). The aim of this thesis is the study of the asymptotic behaviour of these processes (convergence, existence and uniqueness of a stationary distribution). To carry out this work, we are first interested in existing theories which allow the study of the asymptotic behaviour and next, in providing specific results for dynamic reliability, by adapting the theory which seems the most appropriate. In a second time, we are interested in the computation of the stationary distribution. In a lot of cases, we can see that it is hard and even impossible to get an explicit expression for It. In order to get an approximation for this distribution, we propose a determinist numerical method based on a finite volume scheme
Lorette, Christophe. "Outils de caractérisation thermophysique et modèles numériques pour les composites thermostructuraux à haute température". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13364.
Texto completoChizat, Lénaïc. "Transport optimal de mesures positives : modèles, méthodes numériques, applications". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED063/document.
Texto completoThis thesis generalizes optimal transport beyond the classical "balanced" setting of probability distributions. We define unbalanced optimal transport models between nonnegative measures, based either on the notion of interpolation or the notion of coupling of measures. We show relationships between these approaches. One of the outcomes of this framework is a generalization of the p-Wasserstein metrics. Secondly, we build numerical methods to solve interpolation and coupling-based models. We study, in particular, a new family of scaling algorithms that generalize Sinkhorn's algorithm. The third part deals with applications. It contains a theoretical and numerical study of a Hele-Shaw type gradient flow in the space of nonnegative measures. It also adresses the case of measures taking values in the cone of positive semi-definite matrices, for which we introduce a model that achieves a balance between geometrical accuracy and algorithmic efficiency
Compère, Fabrice. "Transport et rétention de particules argileuses en milieu poreux saturé : approches expérimentales et numériques". Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2301.
Texto completoBaup, Stéphane. "Elimination de pesticides sur lit de charbon actif en grain en présence de matière organique naturelle : élaboration d'un protocole couplant expériences et calculs numériques afin de simuler les équilibres et les cinétiques compétitifs d'adsorption". Poitiers, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00983252.
Texto completoAssier, Rzadkiewicz Sandrine. "Etudes numériques et expérimentales d'un glissement de sédiments le long d'une pente sous-marine et des vagues générées". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20024.
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