Tesis sobre el tema "Tout-solide"
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Garie, Régine. "Etude et réalisation d'une cellule d'affichage électronique "Tout solide"". Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10641.
Texto completoDenoyelle, Quentin. "Microbatteries lithium(-ion) tout solide pour applications haute température". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0007.
Texto completoThe development of microelectronics has led to the manufacture of sensors able to operate at high temperatures (150 - 250 °C). For this kind of application, available power sources (conventional batteries, ZEBRA batteries etc.) are poorly or not adapted at all to this kind of applications. The use of LiPON, a ceramic electrolyte stable until high temperature, suggests that microbatteries could be used for high temperature current supplying. The aim of this work is to estimate the sustainability of standard microbatteries LiCoO2/LiPON/Li at high temperature. The first part of the study focuses on the thermal stability of the different materials of the stack, especially on delithiated compounds Li1-xCoO2. In parallel, the second part of the study is devoted to the interfaces between the different materials, focusing on the LiCoO2/LiPON interface. Given the results obtained on the thermal stability of the positive electrode material and its reactivity with the electrolyte, the third part deals with the electrode material substitution in order to make a more robust stack at high temperature. The study of Li2FeS2 and its interface with the electrolyte leads to promising results with regard to the aimed application
Garie, Régine. "Etude et réalisation d'une cellule d'affichage électrochrome "tout-solide"". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375977898.
Texto completoChable, Johann. "Électrolytes solides fluorés pour batteries tout solide à ions F-". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0276/document.
Texto completoThis work deals with the synthesis, shaping and characterization of RE1-xMxF3-x (RE = La, Sm, Ce et M = Ba, Ca, Sr) tysonite-type solid solutions. In a first part, onemeticulous approach has been set up for La1-xBaxF3-x solid solution, chosen as a reference.The solid-state synthesis of these materials led to a better knowledge of their chemicalcomposition (Vegard’s laws) and of the structure-ionic mobility correlations. The impact ofthe sintering process on the ionic conductivity is also highlighted. In a second part, the effectsof the nanostructuration conducted by ball-milling of the microcrystalline samples areevaluated. The use of the Design of Experiments methodology led to identify the optimummilling conditions. It appears that the synthesis of electrolytes can be sped- and scaled-up,while keeping high ionic conductivity properties. At last, this approach is applied on othertysonite-type solid solutions, to look for the best electrolyte. The Ce/Sr and Sm/Casubstitutions generate very promising ionic conductors but not really (electro)chemicallystable compounds. A compromise has been found with the choice of the La1-xSrxF3-x solidsolution as the FIB electrolyte for the electrochemical performances tests, regarding its higherchemical stability
Cluzeau, Benoît. "Développement de batteries lithium-ion « Tout solide » pour véhicules électriques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PAUU3071.
Texto completoImprovements in the performances of Li-ion batteries in the past two decades, has enabled the introduction of many electric cars on the market. However, demands regarding the safety, autonomy, and fast charging require the development of new and more efficient technologies.It was in this context that the RAISE 2024 project, in which this thesis is part of, was founded. This collaboration between ARKEMA, SAFT and the University of Pau and Adour Countries aims to develop a lithium ion battery with a solid electrolyte. The development of such a system has a double objective: the reinforcement of safety during operation, and the use of new electrode materials with higher capacity such as metallic lithium.To achieve this objective, two electrolytes were studied in this thesis. The first consists of a gelled electrolyte obtained by crosslinking of a polymer matrix. It provides good performance in terms of ionic conductivity at room temperature (10-3 S/cm). More than 700 cycles were achieved with this electrolyte in a battery cell before reaching 80% of initial capacity. The impact of polymer matrix on performance was studied through a series of electrochemical tests and surface analysis (XPS). Finally, safety tests (nail penetration) carried out on cells filled with this electrolyte show a significant reduction of energy released.Finally, a second ionic conductor was studied. It comes in the form of a polymer membrane, plasticized with an ionic liquid and a solvent. This membrane exhibits ionic conductivity above 10-4 S/cm at room temperature. Coupled with a gel electrolyte in electrodes to improve interfacial contact, the membrane shows a high resistance to lithium dendrites. A cell using this electrolyte and composed of NMC 811 as positive electrode and lithium metal as negative electrode performed 200 cycles at a rate of C/5, D/2 before losing 20% of its initial capacity
Auvergniot, Jérémie. "Étude des mécanismes aux interfaces électrode/électrolyte d’accumulateurs « bulk tout-solide »". Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3044/document.
Texto completoThe last two decades have shown a tremendous spreading of portable electronics, changing our society. This change was made possible by the invention of Li-ion batteries, which provide a high energy density for a low weight and volume. More recently the development of new applications, such as electric vehicles or renewable energies, has led to new needs in terms of electrochemical storage. For some applications, user safety will be as important as cost and energy density. On the other hand, research around Na-ion batteries focuses an increased interest, because they do not depend on lithium cost. Replacing organic liquid electrolytes with inorganic solid electrolytes is an interesting solution to improve the safety of batteries, because inorganic ionic conductors are nonflammable, stable at high temperature, and supposed to be chemically and electrochemically more stable. Using those materials in all-solid-state batteries has however several limiting factors, such as loss of contact between particle at the interfaces during cycling, and also chemical/electrochemical compatibility issues between materials. Another issue with this type of batteries is the interdiffusion of species at interfaces leading to an impedance increase during cycling. Several solutions exist to mitigate those issues, such coating the active material particles with a less reactive inorganic material. However there is a lack of knowledge on the species forming at those interfaces, knowledge which is needed to improve the performances of such systems. Studying those interfacial interactions and characterizing the species formed as those interfaces was the main topic of this Ph.D thesis.This work has been done in collaboration between two laboratories : IPREM (University of Pau - CNRS, France) and LRCS (University of Amiens - CNRS, France). Two solid electrolytes have been studied: the argyrodite Li6PS5Cl and the NaSICON Na3Zr2Si2PO12. Those materials have been synthetized, then integrated in bulk all-solid-state batteries and their interfaces were characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). Those two techniques provide us very complementary information, the first allowing identification and quantification of surface species, the second one giving access to the spatial repartition of elements at a nanometric level.The analysis of bulk all-solid-state batteries based on the electrolyte Na3Zr2Si2PO12 using the active material Na3V2(PO4)3 showed micromorphologic changes during cycling, as well as interdiffusion phenomena between particles. AES analysis also allowed us to describe self-discharge issues.The study of Li6PS5Cl-based batteries highlighted that this solid electrolyte is stable towards the negative electrode active material LTO. It however has interfacial reactivity towards positive electrode active materials such as LCO, NMC, LMO, LFP and LiV3O8. This reactivity leads to the formation of several species such as LiCl, P2Sx , Li2Sn , S0 and phosphates at the interface with Li6PS5Cl. In spite of the encountered interfacial reactivity issues, we managed to build all-solid-state batteries based on Li6PS5Cl showing a good capacity retention over 300 cycles when cycled between 2.8 and 3.4V
Barraco, Laurent. "Sources laser tout solide accordables à base de matériau Nd: PPLN". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPXX0040.
Texto completoRosini, Sébastien. "Capteur potentiométrique tout solide pour le dosage de l'hydrogène dans l'air". Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPG0028.
Texto completoDongui, Bini Kouame. "Electrode métallique négative pour générateurs électrochimiques "tout solide" à conduction protonique". Grenoble INPG, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPG0111.
Texto completoDongui, Bini Kouame. "Electrode métallique négative pour générateurs électrochimiques "tout solide" à conduction protonique". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613326t.
Texto completoGrillon, Nathanaël. "Etude de la fiabilité de microbatteries à l'état tout solide au lithium". Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR4022.
Texto completoTo meet the requirements of microelectronic devices miniaturization, innovative energy storage systems are emerging and are able to cross the large scale industrialization phase. The goal of this thesis is to achieve a comprehensive reliability study of LiCoO2 based microbatteries developed by an « all-solid » approach. From the performance analysis of the operating system, aging of the microbatteries was characterized in storage and electrochemical cycling modes. Through an adapted exponential function from the Weibull failure probability law, the aging of the microbatteries has been modeled. Finally, a mathematical tool dedicated to the lifetime prediction of the devices in application has been developed. Otherwise, with the help of the electrochemical characterization of the different layers and interfaces of the system and a reading methodology of galvanostatic discharge curves, the main failure source has been identified. The convergence of results made it possible to highlight the leading role of the LiCoO2 positive electrode on the mechanisms leading to aging of the microbatteries. Thenceforth, a failure scenario and reliability performance improvement opportunities have been proposed
Jouan, Gauthier. "Le frittage flash (SPS) : de la réactivité à l'assemblage de batteries "tout solide"". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1724/.
Texto completoThe Spark Plasma Sintering technique has known a significant growth since 2004 at a national level. Characterized by very short heat treatment duration, it has recently shown interesting possibilities as a new synthesis route and one-step realizations of assembled devices, such as "all inorganic solid state batteries". The aim of this thesis is to determine the "machine" and "materials" parameters that govern interfaces phenomena during the densification and their influence on the behavior of obtained objects. The study of the behavior of different powder mixtures of Cu/V2O5 confirms the significant increase in the reaction kinetics by using the SPS. This effect is related to the application of a constant pressure during treatment ; the rapid rise in temperature mode by current pulses does not appear significant. In contrast, the study of less reactive mixtures indicates that the rapid thermal processing allows the production of dense composites and opens the door to the one-step assembly of "all inorganic solid state batteries". Such accumulators allow significant improvements in safety, operation at high temperatures and the use of high potential electrode materials (limited to 4. 5 V in liquid). The study of the making of various components of "all inorganic solid state batteries", enables to extract the generals criteria guaranteeing an optimum assembly by Spark Plasma Sintering, was perform on a model system (copper), known to have a solid electrolyte with high conductivity at room temperature. The powders microstructure and sintering parameters have a crucial role on the quality of electrode/electrolyte interfaces and therefore on the electrochemical performances. These interfaces were controlled in Cu-metal and Cu-ion batteries configurations. While in the first case, the growth of dendrites at the negative electrode generates important and irreversible losses of contact at Cu/electrolyte interface, the Cu-ion batteries show good reversibility on thirty cycles confirming the low degradation of electrode/electrolyte interfaces. Extending these results to the potentially more interesting Li-ion system highlights the existence of inherent materials limitations in terms of ionic conduction. The shaping optimization, by reducing the thickness of the electrolyte layer, has overcome these limitations permitting the assembly of Li-ion "all inorganic solid state batteries" and allowing the use of materials with high potential (LiCoPO4), paving the way for the realization of more efficient new electrochemical generators
Bounor, Botayna. "Micro-supercondensateurs 3D tout solide à électrodes hiérarchiques fabriqués à l'échelle du wafer". Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4024/document.
Texto completoOur study focuses on the fabrication of micro-supercapacitors based on hierarchical electrodes with a large surface area. These electrodes combine top down and bottom up approaches in order to develop important specific area by combining the surface gain of the 3D microstructures (top down / etching) and the nanowires (bottom up / growth). 3D microstructures etched within silicon substrate (microtubes / micropiliers / micromurs) forme the base of these hierarchical electrodes. Two aspects was explored to decorate 3D microstructures with nanowires. The first route is based on the hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO nanowires from a nanometric seed layer deposited by ALD on these 3D microstructures. The second explored route is based on a fast annealing process (<10 min) at high temperature (1000 ° C) of a SiO2 / Pt stack. This rapid annealing allowed therefore the formation of silica nanowires. The pseudocapacitive materials was then deposited electrolytically on these hierarchical electrodes. The method of elaboration of these electrodes was coupled with that of manufacturing complete MSCs in order to obtain high surface energy densities never before reached (> 100 uWh / cm2) while maintaining reasonable power density performances. (> 10 mW / cm2) by the use of thin films (~ 200 nm). This thesis was conducted between 3 laboratories of the RS2E: IMN, ICGM and IEMN
Maouacine, Koceila. "Matériaux hybrides poreux silice/polymère comme électrolytes pour batterie lithium-ion tout solide". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023AIXM0024.
Texto completoThe design of lithium-ion batteries using a solid electrolyte is currently one of the most studied ways to overcome safety problem of these devices. In this thesis work, we propose a new approach to develop a porous silica/polymer hybrid electrolyte, containing a higher weight fraction of mesoporous silica than polymer. Two morphologies of silica hybrid materials were studied: as compressed powders (pellets) and as thin films. In the first part of the work, a hybrid silica powder was synthesized and then calcined to liberate the porosity. The mesoporous silica was then functionalized with different polymers of PEG of low molecular weight then by a simple solution impregnation. The hybrid powders were shaped as pellets, presenting inter- and intra-particle porosity. It was shown that the hybrid pellets present promising ionic conductivity properties when the inter- and intraparticle porosities are filled with the PEG-LiTFSI complex for PEG of low molar mass (300-600 g/mol). In the second part, mesoporous silica films were deposited on a glassy carbon electrode using a rotating disc electrode (RDE). After the characterization of these films from a textural properties and a microstructure point of view, they were functionalized by the PEG-LiTFSI complex via an impregnation process and the preliminary study of their ionic conductivity was performed
Tarhouchi, Ilyas. "Etude des phases Li10MP2S12 (M=Sn, Si) comme électrolyte pour batteries tout-solide massives". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0220/document.
Texto completoBy replacing the liquid electrolyte by a solid one, solid state batteries are oftenconsidered as a solution to safety issues in current Li-ion batteries. The recentdiscovery of Li10GeP2S12 with so-called LGPS structure, which exhibits an ionicconductivity equivalent to that of liquid electrolytes, has boosted related researchactivities.In this perspective, we studied the Li10MP2S12 (M=Sn, Si) materials with LGPSstructure, using various methods to characterize the structure (XRD, 31P NMR,Mössbauer spectroscopy …), the ionic mobility/conductivity (7Li NMR, Impedancespectroscopy), and the electrochemical properties (cycling voltammetry,galvanostatic cycling) of the material.Commercially available Li10SnP2S12 batches contain impurities and there remains anambiguity in the actual composition of the LGPS type phase. Modelling of the 31PNMR shifts reveals the effect of lithium in neighboring octahedral sites. Impedencemeasurements suggest reactivity with Li metal, and cyclic voltammetry confirms thatthe material is highly unstable at low potential, which excludes its use as a simpleelectrolyte in solid state batteries. We propose that it might be used both as anelectrolyte and as a negative electrode.The preliminary study on silicon based materials highlights difficulties in obtaining apure LGPS-type compound and questions the real nature of the so-calledthio-LiSICON structural model. Besides, it also shows the instability of thesematerials versus lithium metal
Aidoud, Djamel. "Développement de microbatteries tout-solide imprimables intégrant des séparateurs à base de liquide ioniques". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4064/document.
Texto completoThe developpement of lithium microbatteries is hampered by their high production cost, which is due to their manufacturing process by physical vapor deposition techniques. The objective of this thesis was to develop new materials and processes to reduce the manufacturing cost of lithium microbatteries. Inkjet printing is a fast, inexpensive thin-film manufacturing process that allows accurate and reproducible deposition. We have therefore endeavored here to develop materials for a lithium-based all-solid battery that is printable. An electrolyte has been particularly developed for this purpose. It is printable, can be made solid after deposition, and can be integrated into a battery, that is to say it allows its proper functioning. The ionogel appeared to meet this specification perfectly. They are ionic liquids (salts melted at room temperature) confined in a matrix which give them a solid character. They have good ionic conduction properties, good thermal and electrochemical stabilities. We have thus formulated ionogels by confinement of an ionic liquid doped with a lithium salt in polymer matrix obtained by the photopolymerization of monomers dissolved in the ionic liquid. The physical and electrochemical properties of theses ionogels have been studied, as well as their compatibility with different dense or porous composite electrode materials (lithium, , LiCoO2, LiFePO4). Prototypes of microbatteries printed in part have been assembled and cycled for more than 1000 cycles
Castro, Alexandre. "Développement de batteries tout solide sodium ion à base d’électrolyte en verre de chalcogénures". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S126/document.
Texto completoThe evolution of energy consumption in recent decades has led to major changes in the design of autonomous electrical systems dedicated to either electrical or electronic applications. The present demand to build generators capable of delivering sufficient energy, with a guarantee of maximum safety, requires to explore new storage routes. The current lithium battery routes tend to show their limits, both strategic and environmental. In this context, the construction of new electrochemical systems implementing sodium opens the way of the lithium-free accumulators production. The need for ever more efficient batteries requires innovative designs, giving up the liquid path in favor of stronger solid systems. In addition, the miniaturization of electronics leads to a review of the size of the batteries, to micro-type batteries, for which the interest of a solid stack is no longer to demonstrate. Today, sulfur chalcogenide glasses allow access to ionic conductivities that suggest the possibility of a realization of all solid batteries, both in the form of micro batteries or massive batteries. A research effort has been made to formulate these chalcogenide glasses in order to obtain a maximum of ionic conductivity and properties allowing their use as electrolytes. The composition of these glasses highlights the interest of the different elements for such properties. The study of the electrolyte shaping by thin-film deposition (obtained by Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputering, RFMS) proves the feasibility of these all-solid sodium micro-batteries. Subsequently, the realization of massive all solid batteries required the synthesis of two cathode materials (NaCrO2 and Na [Ni0.25Fe0.5Mn0.25]O2) and two anode materials (Na15Sn4 and Na) thus allowing the implementation of four electrochemical stacks, all characterized as accumulators. Finally, the improvement of the interfaces thanks to a gel-polymer made it possible to improve the properties of the assemblies with notably an increase of the speeds of charge / discharge and an enhanced mobilization of the cathode active materials
Navallon, Guillaume. "Caractérisation d'électrolytes composites pour batteries tout-solide par diffusion de neutrons et rayonnement synchrotron". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023GRALY087.
Texto completoState-of-the-art lithium–ion technology is reaching its limits regarding applications as energy storage devices for electric mobility. In fact, both high energy density and safety standards requested by the market are hardly attainable with the actual materials and components. In theory, the current limitations could be overcome by the use of metallic lithium as the negative electrode, which would increase the energy density of the cell but would also require a mean to prevent lithium dendritic growth. In this context, polymer electrolytes are promising materials as their solid state could hinder the dendritic growth. Nevertheless, in practice, they still lack sufficient ionic conductivity. It has been reported that, in some conditions, the fabrication of composite material by adding fillers inside a polymer electrolyte can enhance the ionic conductivity. Some studies attributed this effect to beneficial interactions occurring at the interface between fillers and the polymer-lithium salt system. Other studies, on a larger scale, highlighted modifications of the polymer mobility in presence of filler. Together, these results suggest that fillers create faster conduction pathways surrounding them, which on a macroscopic scale could enhance the electrolyte conductivity.This thesis work aims at understanding the contribution of these effects on the transport properties, in order to clarify the role of fillers added inside a polymer electrolyte. The system under investigation is an electrolyte based on poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) and LiTFSI, inside which we mixed different proportion of alumina particles. We selected three kind of particles with different morphologies and crystalline phases. In order to study the impact of fillers at multiple scales, we combined characterizations in lab and at large-scale facilities. The ionic transport properties were studied by electrochemical techniques. The composite microstructure was probed by phase contrast X-ray imaging and small angle scattering - X-rays and neutrons. Several relevant microstructural parameters were identified, quantified, and then correlated with the properties of ion transport of the electrolyte. We showed that the density of hydroxyls on the surface of particles for a given volume of electrolyte could be increased two-fold depending on the filler type, and that this parameter is linked to the state of agglomeration of fillers and the homogeneity of their dispersion. This structural study is supplemented by a study on the dynamics of PTMC at the molecular scale by quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS). Our results show that the presence of lithium salt hinders the intrinsic mobility of PTMC, while in presence of alumina, the PTMC polymer backbone recovers a local mobility. At typical timescales of hundreds of picoseconds, relaxation times are divided by a factor two in presence of fillers.All the characterization conducted shed light on the impact of inert filler on the transport properties of polymer electrolyte. Inside a composite electrolyte, the presence of filler induce multiple effects that combine and the complex outcome depend on multiple factors. We showed that the extent of interactions at the interface between particles and polymer as well as variations in the local mobility of polymer correlate with changes in the ionic transport properties of the electrolyte. The understanding of these mechanisms establish an important step toward the optimization of composite formulation for the production of better performing composite electrolytes
Rocher, Valérie. "Contribution au développement de capteurs tout solide pour la mesure du pH en milieu marin". Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECDL0025.
Texto completoHajndl, Ognjen. "Batterie tout solide pour application automobile : processus de mise en forme et étude des interfaces". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI026/document.
Texto completoNext generation batteries expectations for electric vehicle are significant, whether in terms of autonomy, environmental impact, charging speed and cost. The all solid-state batteries with a non-flammable solid electrolyte, rather than the conventional liquid one, could meet those criteria.Garnet-type ceramic Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a promising solid electrolyte given its good Li-ion conductivity, chemical and electrochemical stability. The major constraint is the need to densify the ceramic at high temperature in order to make it conductive. No standard method exists to build a dense all-solid cell with low interfacial resistance.In this context, the PhD work managed to optimize the solid-state synthesis protocol of the LLZO oxide and his densification by the hot-pressing technique. The conditions of symmetrical Li/LLZO/Li cell assembly allowed to study the Li-metal/LLZO interface and its impact on lithium plating/striping behavior. Feasibility of densifying a “half-cell” (composite cathode/LLZO) in one single step was also studied by adjusting the hot-pressing temperature and pressure parameters
Larfaillou, Séverin. "Application de la spectroscopie d’impédance électrochimique à la caractérisation et au diagnostic de microbatteries tout solide". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112030/document.
Texto completoThe goal of this work is to develop characterization and non-destructive diagnosis of all-solid-state lithium microbatteries, essentially by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This work is based on commercial microbatteries EnFilmTM EFL700A39, built with the lithium metal architecture Li/LiPON/LiCoO2. Firstly, the elemental characterization of active layers allowed us to identify the main properties of the ionic motion in the solid electrolyte layer. Secondly, characterization of the positive electrode (LiCoO2) revealed the existence of more or less conductive areas inside the layer. Theses areas can cause ionics or electronics limitations during battery operation. The study of the entire microsystems by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was then performed according to lithiation rate (SOC), number of cycles, and battery aging. The results obtained allowed the building of an electrical equivalent circuit for modeling the behaviour of the different active layers of a microbattery in use. This model also allows targeting the origins of any failures after manufacturing or upon microbattery aging. Additional works on lithium free systems (LiCoO2/LiPON/Cu) reveals a strong electrochemical interaction between in situ deposited lithium and copper current collector (partially oxidized) and highlight the critical importance of the very first cycles of the cell for subsequent performance
Dussart, Thibaut. "Batterie lithium tout solide : augmentation de la densité de courant critique et procédé innovant de fabrication". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS396.
Texto completoThe first axis of this study focused on the increase in the critical current density achievable in symmetrical cells by modifying certain parameters such as the microstructure, the interface with lithium, or the pressure evaluated. We have shown that even a low pressure on the cells modifies the interface between the solid electrolyte and lithium even in the case of an oxide-based electrolyte; an improvement in ASR is observed when the pressure is increased. An ASR as low as 5 Ω.cm2 has been obtained and a critical current density of 350 µA.cm-2 has thus been achieved. The second axis of this work focused on the study, implementation, and optimization of a sintering process allowing densification at low temperature (120 °C): the cold sintering process. The dissolution/precipitation processes are made possible by the addition of a liquid phase that partly evaporates during sintering and by the application of a pressure of several hundred MPa. We have shown that LLZO solid electrolyte can be densified by adding DMF as the liquid phase. The conductivity measured on the electrolyte can be improved by adding about 4% by weight of a polymer/lithium salt mixture. Thus, a conductivity of 2.2 × 10-4 S.cm-1 can be obtained at 25 ° C. Then we showed that a temperature as low as 120 ° C allows LLZO and an electrode material to co-sinter without the formation of a secondary phase
Tintignac, Sophie. "Étude structurale et électrochimique de films de LiCoO2 préparés par pulvérisation cathodique : application aux microaccumulateurs tout solide". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461688.
Texto completoHallot, Maxime. "Micro-batteries tout solide en technologie Li-ion sur substrats Silicium planaires et tridimensionnels pour objets connectés". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I115.
Texto completoMiniaturized sensors for Internet of Things (IoT) application is in expansion since the last 10 years. All solid-state lithium-ion battery is a promising candidate. Nevertheless, in spite of high technological readiness level, planar micro-batteries suffer from a lack of energy density meaning that it is necessary to develop new architectures to fullfill the performances requirements. 3D structures is needed for such application and this work is focused on the synthesis of positives electrodes with high storage capacity and high operating voltage by Atomic layer deposition (ALD). In the frame of this work,we will rely structurals and electrochemicals properties by differents characterisations techniques for batteries materials
Tintignac, Sophie Pereira-Ramos Jean-Pierre. "Étude structurale et électrochimique de films de LiCoO2 préparés par pulvérisation cathodique application aux microaccumulateurs tout solide /". S. l. : Paris Est, 2008. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0494704.pdf.
Texto completoRavet, Nathalie. "Développement et caractérisations de constituants d'un système électrochrome tout solide : photo-électrochimie aux interfaces WO3/électrolyte polymère". Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0150.
Texto completoQuemin, Elisa. "Exploring solid-solid interfaces in Li6PS5Cl-based cathode composites for all solid state batteries". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS501.
Texto completoWhile Lithium-ion batteries dominate portable devices, growing safety and energy density demands in electric vehicle batteries have led to the exploration of "beyond Li-ion" technology. All-Solid-State Batteries (ASSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries. Thus, this doctoral research focuses on overcoming challenges hindering the practical implementation of ASSBs, with a specific emphasis on cathode composites. The investigation revolves around a common composite comprising Li6PS5Cl solid electrolyte (SE) and NMC active material (AM). The research unveils the degradation mechanisms within ASSBs, governed by SE/Carbon additive and SE/AM interfaces. It is observed that capacity deterioration, occurring below 3.6 V vs. Li-In/In, is primarily attributed to SE/Carbon interfaces. Conversely, elevating the voltage to 3.9 V shifts the primary degradation source to SE/AM interfaces. Then, the adverse effects of carbon additives on the ionic conduction of composites are demonstrated, particularly when exceeding 2 wt. % VGCF. Moreover, the study delves into the electronic conductivity of carbon-free composites using innovative in situ monitoring. This reveals Li-induced alterations hindering electronic conductivity, especially at high charge levels, notably in high Ni-content NMC. Furthermore, the influence of particle size and morphology on electronic percolation is extensively examined, advocating for minimal VGCF to enhance kinetics and stability. Strategies for effectively incorporating carbon additives while mitigating long-term capacity loss are explored, encompassing assembly pressure, loading, formation cycles, temperature, and carbonate coating. By mixing these optimal conditions, an enhanced cathode composite is introduced, holding promising potential for the progression of All-Solid-State Battery technology
Cozic, Solenn. "Étude des propriétés électriques et structurales de verres de sulfures au lithium pour électrolytes de batteries tout-solide". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S054/document.
Texto completoThe energy storage market is in constant growth for both portable and stationary applications. To satisfy the requirements of various applications (electronic devices, hybrid-electric vehicles, renewable energy storage…), always more efficient, more compact and lightweight batteries have to be developed. Then, thanks to their high energy densities, batteries using Li metal anodes are the most promising to complete this challenge. However, the use of conventional liquid electrolytes raises safety issues, mainly related to the flammability of the organic liquid. In this thesis, glassy materials, exhibiting great interest towards developing solid electrolytes are considered and might enable the development of safe and efficient all-solid-state batteries. Here, Li-sulfide glasses, attractive for their ionic conduction properties, have been studied and characterized. The ionic conduction properties of glasses are still misunderstood and controversial, the structural investigation of glasses is of great interest in order to get a better understanding of structure-properties relationship. Then, the short and intermediate range order of prepared glasses have been investigated by the mean of various complementary structural analysis techniques. Finally, glassy materials are usually quite easy to shape. Thus, studied glasses in this thesis can also be used as thin-film electrolytes in microbatteries. First tests of sputtering of conducting thin-films have been performed by RF magnetron sputtering and constitute a first step in order to design microbatteries
Morin, Pierrick. "Etude des propriétés d’électrolytes solides et d’interfaces dans les microbatteries tout solide : Cas du LiPON et des électrolytes soufrés". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI003/document.
Texto completoThe link between the structure and the electrochemicalproperties of thin-film electrolytes and the interface formed withthe cathode material LiCoO2 has been intensively studied bycoupling Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and X-rayPhotoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Nitrogen incorporation intoLiPON, reference solid-state electrolyte for microbatteries, ischaracterized by the formation of lithium and oxygen vacancies,increasing the lithium ions transport. A sulfide based thin filmelectrolyte called LiPOS has been developed by radiofrequencysputtering, with the incorporation of sulfur into the initial Li3PO4structure. The solid/solid interface between LiPON and LiCoO2 ischaracterized by a partial reduction of cobalt and oxidation ofLiPON, which is in all probability responsible of the increase of thecharge transfer resistance between the two materials
Hennequart, Benjamin. "Engineering Strategies to Improve All-Solid-State Battery Performance under Low-Pressure Conditions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS638.
Texto completoAs the global shift towards renewable energy sources and electric vehicles gains momentum, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are seen as a building block of a decarbonised future. To meet the growing need for higher energy density and safety, all-solid state batteries (ASSBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional liquid-based LIBs. Nonetheless, the implementation of ASSBs faces challenges in many aspects, notably the high operating pressure required for cycling, which prevents the use of the high capacity lithium metal anode crucial for achieving the desired energy density. Thus, this doctoral research is dedicated to addressing the challenge of operating pressure in ASSBs through two key strategies. Initially, utilising a conventional composite electrode, we capitalised on the enhanced chemical and electrochemical stability of halide-based solid electrolytes as well as their low hardness to enable low pressure cycling while accommodating high potential cathode active materials. Secondly, recognising that interfaces in composite electrodes represent a central issue in ASSBs, we utilised the concept of the solid-electrolyte-free electrode. This concept involves the development of an electrode that operates without the need for an additional ionic conductor. The outcome is an increase in energy density and a reduction in the complexity of electrode interfaces. Altogether, both of these strategies enabled cycling at pressures as low as atmospheric pressure and therefore enabled us to attempt the implementation of the lithium metal anodes
Morel, Bertrand. "Elaboration et étude de films à propriétés électrochromes et d'électrodes transparentes : application à la réalisation de dispositifs électrochromes tout solide". Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10626.
Texto completoLaforge, Benjamin. "Etude et développement de couches minces de germanium pour une utilisation comme électrode négative dans des microaccumulateurs Li-ion". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL100N/document.
Texto completoAmong the different energy sources, all solid state lithium microbatteries are the most promising candidates for the alimentation of miniaturised systems. In the aim of overcoming the current limitations of these micro power sources, germanium thin films prove to be a promising material as a negative electrode, due to their better chemical and thermal stability in comparison with metallic lithium. This PhD work was devoted to the development of germanium electrode coatings and the optimisation of their synthesis by magnetron sputtering. Their physical properties have been correlated to their electrochemical performances. The influence of the morphology and doping of the films on their electrochemical behaviour at different current densities and on the cyclability was established. Despite huge volumic variations of the electrode, this study showed the feasibility of integrating these films in Ge lithiated/ LiPON /Li microbatteries deposited by low temperature processes (Above IC compatibility). With this stack configuration, a stable specific capacity of 50 µAh/cm² (» 800 µAh/cm².µm) has been maintained during forty cycles. Different solutions have been suggested to improve the cyclability of all solid state microbatteries and the techniques used for directly depositing them on the electronic microcomponents
Laroche, Mathieu. "Matériaux dopés Ce3+ et Pr3+ pour laser UV accordable tout-solide : croissance cristalline, spectroscopie dans les états excités des ions, fonctionnement laser". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009736.
Texto completoBharwal, Anil. "Cellules solaires à colorant tout solide composées d'une électrode de TiO2 à porosité hiérarchisée et d'un électrolyte polyliquides ioniques à matrice polysiloxane". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI007/document.
Texto completoDSSC is a 3rd generation photovoltaic technology with potential to economically harvest and efficiently convert photons to electricity. Full solid state-DSSC based on solid polymer electrolyte prevents the solvent leaking and evaporation during cell fabrication and operation, which will effectively prolong the cell life time. However, it suffers from low ionic conductivity and poor pore infiltration.The present thesis is dedicated to the concomitant development of polysiloxane-based polymer electrolytes on one side, and TiO2 photoanodes with tuned porosity on the other side, and their incorporation in solid state dye sensitised solar cell (ss-DSSCs), with the aim to improve their photovoltaic efficiency and the long term stability. To best of our knowledge, DSSCs comprising bimodal TiO2 layers and polysiloxane electrolytes have never been reported.The ionic conductivity and tri-iodide diffusion coefficient of the polysiloxane-based poly(ionic) liquids (PILs) were largely improved by adding of ionic liquids (ILs) or ethylene carbonate (EC), achieving ionic conductivities of 10−4 -10−3 Scm−1. The DSSCs fabricated with the optimized electrolytes showed efficiencies up to 6%, with long term stability for 250 days.Bimodal TiO2 films with dual porosity (meso- and macro-porosity) were fabricated by spin-coating, by using soft and hard templating. The dual templated films benefit from increased pore size while maintaining high surface area for dye adsorption. Bimodal films were shown to be more efficient when tested with polymer electrolytes, having comparable efficiencies with liquid electrolyte when in DSSCs, despite lower dye uptake.This thesis brings a significant contribution to the field of DSSCs as efficient and stable solar cells were prepared from newly synthesized polymer electrolytes and bimodal films
Castillo, Adriana. "Structure et mobilité ionique dans les matériaux d’électrolytes solides pour batteries tout-solide : cas du grenat Li7-3xAlxLa3Zr2O12 et des Nasicon Li1.15-2xMgxZr1.85Y0.15(PO4)3". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX107/document.
Texto completoOne of the issues for the development of all-solid-state batteries is to increase the ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes. The thesis work focuses on two types of materials as crystalline inorganic solid electrolytes: a Garnet Li7-3xAlxLa3Zr2O12 (LLAZO) and a Nasicon Li1.15-2xMgxZr1.85Y0.15(PO4)3 (LMZYPO). The objective of this study is to understand to what extent the conduction properties of the studied materials are impacted by structural modifications generated either by a particular treatment process, or by a modification of the chemical composition. Structural data acquired by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were then crossed with ions dynamics data deduced from NMR measurements at variable temperature and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The powders were synthesized after optimizing thermal treatments using solid-solid or sol-gel methods. Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique was used for the densification of the pellets used for ionic conductivity measurements by EIS.In the case of garnets LLAZO, the originality of our work is to have shown that a SPS sintering treatment, beyond the expected pellets densification, also generates structural modifications having direct consequences on the lithium ions mobility in the material and therefore on the ionic conductivity. A clear increase of the lithium ions microscopic dynamics after SPS sintering was indeed observed by variable temperature 7Li NMR measurements and the monitoring of the relaxation times.The second part of the study provides an exploratory work on the substitution of Li+ by Mg2+ in LMZYPO. We studied the ionic conduction properties of these mixed Li/Mg compounds, in parallel with a fine examination of the crystalline phases formed. We have showed in particular that the presence of Mg2+ favors the formation of the less conductive β’ (P21/n) and β (Pbna) phases, which explains the decrease of the ionic conductivity with the substitution level of Li+ by Mg2+ observed in these Nasicon type materials.Our work therefore highlights the crucial importance of structural effects on the conduction properties of ceramic solid electrolyte materials
Al, Rahil Saleh. "Etude des propriétés électrochimiques des systèmes de types AsSI-AgRS et SbSI-Ag2S : Application à l'étude d'un générateur électrochimique tout solide conducteur par l'argent". Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA2016.
Texto completoNavone, Christelle. "Élaboration et études des propriétés structurales et électrochimiques de couches minces de pentoxyde de vanadium pour électrode positive de micro-accumulateur au lithium tout solide". Paris 12, 2005. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003942020204611&vid=upec.
Texto completoThe thesis work consisted in part of the validation of a reproducible protocol for the synthesis of vanadium pentoxyde thin films and also of the master of essential parameters that are the composition, the morphology, the porosity, the thickness and structural orientation of the films. The influence of these parameters on the electrochemical performances of the films was then established. The structural evolution of the films as well as the Li+ ion diffusion coefficients have been followed while cycling the films as positive electrode. Behaviour different to that of the one observed for a composite V2O5 electrode, has been identified. This information allowed us to elaborate solid-state lithium micro-batteries prototypes of V2O5/LiPON/Li type within the same deposition chamber. In spite of a high internal resistance of the multilayers, stable and high specific capacities of around 50 µAh. Cm-2 were delivered at a current of 10 µA. Cm-2 in the potential window from 3. 8 to 2. 15 V vs. Li+/Li
Malugani, Jean-Pierre. "De nouveaux verres conducteurs ioniques par Ag+ et Li+ : microstructure et dynamique dans les verres AgPO3 - halogénures métalliques, réalisation d'un générateur électrochimique "tout solide" au Lithium". Besançon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BESA2013.
Texto completoMalugani, Jean-Pierre. "De nouveaux verres conducteurs ioniques par Ag⁺ et Li⁺ microstructure et dynamique dans les verres AgPO-halogénures métalliques, réalisation d'un générateur électrochimique "tout solide" au lithium". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375994052.
Texto completoPorthault, Helene. "Étude de nouvelles voies de dépôt du matériau d'électrode positive LiCoO2 pour la réalisation de micro-accumulateurs 3D à haute capacité surfacique". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00658071.
Texto completoFerreira, Gomes Franck. "Caractérisation électrochimique de microbatteries Li-Free". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS369/document.
Texto completoTo meet the needs of the miniaturization of mobile electronic systems, the world of energy storage has had to reinvent itself and propose innovative solutions to meet these problems. Among these solutions, all-solid "lithium-free" microbatteries offer many advantages (easy integration, safety aspect), despite their still limited cyclability. The objective of this thesis is to study these LiCoO2/LiPON/Cu microbatteries, in particular by electrochemical characterization, in order to understand their mechanisms and propose solutions to improve their performances. The study of the unit layers of this system made it possible to identify the main properties of each thin film and to know the chemical and structural composition of these layers. Then, the implementation of a charging protocol to significantly improve cycling performance was decoded using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and XPS. This work allowed the detailed understanding of the physico-chemical mechanisms present at each stage and to describe a scenario as for the operation of this protocol. In addition, understanding these phenomena has been useful in proposing solutions to further increase the cycling resistance of Li-Free microbatteries, so that it can reach an initial capacity and cyclability equivalent to lithium metal microbatteries, used conventionally in microelectronics
Kubanska, Agnieszka. "Toward the development of high energy lithium-ion solid state batteries". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4775.
Texto completoAll-solid batteries with inorganic solid electrolytes are attractive candidates in electrochemical energy storage since they offer high safety, reliability and energy density. Aiming to increase the surface capacity strong efforts have been made to increase the thickness of the electrode. However, the thicker electrode, the more stress is generated at the solid/solid interfaces because of the volume change of the active material during lithium insertion/desinsertion upon cycling, which leads to formation of micro-cracks between the components and finally a bad cycling life. The possible answer to this issue is to build in place of a dense phase pure electrode, a composite electrode which is a multifunctional material. This composite electrode should contain a lot of electrochemically active material, the reservoir of energy; together with electronic and ionic conductor additives, to ensure efficient and homogeneous transfer of electrons and ions in the electrode volume.The main scope of this thesis was to develop all-solid-state batteries prepared by SPS method for applications at elevated temperatures. These batteries consist of a two composite electrodes separated by the NASICON-type solid electrolyte Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3. The main objective was to find relationships, for given materials, between the initial powder granulometry (grain size, size distribution, agglomeration), the microstructure of ceramics obtained by SPS sintering, and the electrochemical performances of the final batteries. By creating electrodes with novel materials and better composition, the trade-off of power density and energy density can be minimized
Saha, Sujoy. "Exploration of ionic conductors and Li-rich sulfides for all-solid-state batteries". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS041.pdf.
Texto completoGrowing needs for energy storage applications require continuous improvement of the lithium ion batteries (LIB). The anionic redox chemistry has emerged recently as a new paradigm to design high-energy positive electrodes of LIBs, however with some issues (i.e., voltage hysteresis and fading, sluggish kinetics, etc.) that remained to be solved. In addition, the safety of the LIBs can be improved by designing all-solid-state batteries (ASSB). In this thesis, we first focused on the development of new oxide-based solid electrolytes (SE) for applications in ASSBs. We explored the influence of disorder on the ionic conductivity of SEs and demonstrated how to increase the conductivity by stabilizing disordered high-temperature phases. Furthermore, we designed Li-rich layered sulfide electrodes that undergo anionic sulfur redox, with excellent reversibility. Thus, the newly designed electrode materials show a possible direction to mitigate the issues related to anionic redox. Lastly, we used the Li-rich sulfides as positive electrode in ASSB with sulfide-based SEs that demonstrate excellent cyclability, thereby highlighting the importance of interfacial compatibility in ASSBs
Porthault, Hélène. "Étude de nouvelles voies de dépôt du matériau d'électrode positive LiCoO2 pour la réalisation de micro-accumulateurs 3D à haute capacité surfacique". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112185/document.
Texto completoThe miniaturization of electronic systems is today a main topic of research and requires an important evolution of energy sources. All solid state micro-batteries are a perfectly adapted solution for this need. However, their specific capacity is limited to 50-200 µAh.cm-2 due to the difficulty to use films of active materials thickness over than 5 µm. One of the answers to enhance micro-batteries specific capacity is to deposit materials on textured substrate. Nevertheless, classical vacuum deposition techniques are not adapted to deposit conformal thin films on such surfaces because of shadow effects. The aim of this PhD-work was to develop new synthesis routes to realize 3D all solid state micro-batteries. Two chemical synthesis routes were studied: the sol-gel method and the electrodeposition under hydrothermal conditions. The sol-gel synthesis was not efficient to realize conformal and dense films. However, this technique was very effective to obtain rhombohedra LiCoO2 powders with high specific surface, without grinding step, at moderate temperature (600-700°C). The electrodeposition under hydrothermal conditions was very promising, both for its high deposition rate (up to 300 nm.mn-1) and its low synthesis temperature (from 125°C) without any annealing. The synthesized films exhibited excellent electrochemical performances in liquid electrolyte and a conformity higher than 97 % on textured substrates
Metri, Noura. "Elaboration de molécules pi-conjuguées à base de triphénylamine pour la réalisation de dispositifs photovoltaïques hybrides sensibilisés". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0521/document.
Texto completoSolid state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSC) are considered as an emerging technology in order to replace conventional silicon solar cells or even those using liquid electrolyte. In order to improve the performance of ssDSSC devices, we were interested by the development of star-shaped molecules derived from thieno[3,2-b]thiophene unit and triphenylamine core.Two series of new substituted triphenylamine (TPA) derivatives with thiophene and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene units (with and without nonyl group C9H19) were synthesized in a combinatorial manner. These compounds were obtained by Stille or Suzuki coupling with a yield between 11% and 37% (from six to ten steps).In order to determine the properties of these compounds, thermal, optical and electrochemical characterizations were carried out. The measurements by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed a high stability of the compounds above 340°C. Differential thermal analysis (DSC) was used to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg) where the highest reaching 57°C. The optical and electronic gaps were determined by UV-Visible absorption ( we found from 2.87 eV to 2.41 eV in film) or cyclic voltammetry (we found from 3.26 eV to 2.60 eV). The energy levels of HOMO and LUMO were also determined by cyclic voltammetry. They showed adequate levels especially for HOMO levels (ideally HOMO between the dye and that of the cathode) for a photovoltaic application. Finally, hole mobility have shown encouraging results and promising ranging from 10-3 cm2.V-1.s-1 and 1 cm2.V-1.s-1.The theoretical study of these molecules was also carried out using molecular modeling as B3LYP. The energy levels (HOMO and LUMO), the optical gaps, and the energy of internal reorganization (giving an idea of the theoretical charges mobility) have the seam trend overlap the experimental data.The photovoltaic performance of these compounds was performed. An efficiency of 0.5% (not optimized results) has been obtained for the best of them. This efficiency was sustainable after one year. The pore filling ratio of this compound in TiO2 reached from 62 to 83%.Keywords : Solid state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSC), triphenylamine, thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, thiophene, molecular glasses, theoretical calculations, pore filling
Guesnet, Laura. "Développement de nouvelles architectures de piles à combustible SOFC tout cérine pour un fonctionnement à température réduite". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0218.
Texto completoWhen involving new solid oxide cells (SOCs) architectures, it’s possible to reduce their operating temperature. The objective of this thesis was therefore to develop innovative shaping processes in order to reduce the cell manufacturing steps number, also allowing to reduce their cost : the preparation of a porous/dense/porous support by tape-casting, then the infiltration of catalysts to obtain the electrodes was the chosen process. The porous/dense/porous support was only prepared with GDC10 (Ce0.9Gd0.1O2-δ) to avoid chemical reactivity issues between the various layers. During this thesis, two shaping methods were successively used: pressing/screen-printing/infiltration (1) then tape-casting/infiltration (2). In each case, the shaping parameters have been optimized in order to obtain the best electrochemical performances. The shaping method (1) was already part of a thesis topic at ICMCB regarding the oxygen side of the SOC, but it has been here improved regardin the hydrogen side: the collecting layer, the catalyst nature (NiO, CuO, yttrium doped ceria), infiltration rate. To reduce the number of required cycles and improve the impregnation quality, a new technique was used: the infiltration in supercritical medium. In the case of shaping (2), the specific parameters of the i) suspension preparation (additives nature, nature of the used balls/jar) and of the ii) porous/dense/ porous supports (debinding/sintering cycles) have made it possible to obtain polarization resistances very close to those obtained by shaping (1), despite slightly higher series resistances, probably in linkto some remaining carbon pollution. The parameters finally retained are: a phosphoric ester type dispersant, 90% of graphite added to shape the porous skeletons, a debinding performed at 800°C/6h under wet O2, and a whole sintering at 1450°C/3h
Storelli, Martineau Alexandre. "Étude de l’interface lithium métal/polymère pour l’optimisation des batteries lithium métal tout solide". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25051.
Texto completoThe increased use of electricity witnessed during the past few decades emphasizes the urgency of developing efficient and performing energy storing devices. Present on the market since the beginning of the 1990s, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have reached the theoretical limit inherent to their components. Research efforts currently aim at developing all-solid batteries composed of a negative lithium electrode. This type of electrode uses only lithium in its pure metallic state and it has the capacity to attain higher energy densities than those attributable to the lithium-ion batteries. Despite the potential of this promising technology, there is an obstacle that must be overcome in order to ensure its viability: the formation of dendrites and mossy lithium on the surface of the lithium metal negative electrode causes the batteries to short-circuit and reduces their life expectancy. Several solutions have been proposed in the literature in order to either eliminate or mitigate the issues of dendritic growth and mossy lithium. However, published studies do not specifically address the correlation between the state of the surface of the lithium metal and its electrochemical performance when used as the negative electrode (anode). This research project therefore focused on evaluating the impact of the state of the surface the lithium metal negative electrode on its electrochemical performance, such as its lifetime, polarization, and impedance. The lithium sheets and the lithium metal/polymer electrolyte interface were characterized in order to better understand the problematic processes related to the use of the lithium metal in batteries. In addition to studying the sheets in their native form, a protective gold deposit was applied by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on the lithium sheets to determine whether the deposit improved the electrochemical performance of the cells. The physical characterization was performed by using tunnelling atomic force microscopy (Peakforce-TUNA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each lithium x sheet used was then characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). These chemical characterizations allowed to determine the surface and bulk chemical compositions of the lithium sheets. Finally, in order to understand the impact of the lithium metal/polymer electrolyte interface on the viability of complete cells, galvanostatic cycling, similar to true operating conditions of a battery, was performed. Cross-sections of these batteries were assessed post-mortem by SEM in order to analyze the impact of the cycling density on the internal state of the cells. It has been determined that the morphology of the lithium foils and the lithium metal/polymer electrolyte interface impacted the lifespan and the polarization of the studied cells. An electrochemical surface preparation method was therefore designed by cycling the lithium electrodes at a low current density (0.130 mA.cm-2), thus improving the life of the symmetrical cells composed of lithium metal electrodes.