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Zhilina, Nataliya. "SELECTED RUSSIAN DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS IN 2000-2021". Social Aspects of Population Health 69, n.º 6 (2023): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21045/2071-5021-2023-69-6-6.
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Significance. Fertility and mortality analysis helps identify major demographic risk zones. Recently, due to intensive development of digitalization in Russia, a lot of statistical information has become publicly available. Its generalization and analysis are necessary for developing social programs aimed at copying with the identified risk factors and improving the demographic situation. Analysis of the number of women of active reproductive age, total fertility rate, life expectancy, and gender-specific mortality rates are important steps in this direction. Significance of the topic is emphasized by the development and implementation of the national project "Demography" in the Russian Federation in 2019-2024. The purpose of the study was to implement a comparative and dynamic analysis of demographic indicators in Russia to identify risk zones and take effective measures to improve the situation. Material and methods. The analysis uses WHO data, databases and collections of Rosstat and the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, information on implementing the national project "Demography". A database has been developed in the licensed statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics-19. A comparative analysis of independent groups of indicators has been undertaken using the Mann-Whitney U-test, related groups – using the Wilcoxon test; while the trend in indicators was determined by Kendall’s Tau coefficient of correlation, graphical analysis was carried out in MS Excel-2013. Results. The determined trends in dynamics show that the pre and post-working age population is naturally increasing, that is, according to these indicators, the goals of the national project are being achieved. The number of women of reproductive age during the study period shows a decreasing trend, which was undoubtedly influenced by the “Russian cross” of the 90s of the last century, when fertility decreased and mortality increased almost twice compared to the end of the 80s. Negative values of the natural growth rate indicate that fertility is lower than mortality during those years. From 2000 to 2015, the trend was positive, the natural growth rate increased while since 2015 the trend was decreasing. The total fertility rate has been declining since 2015. In reality, in 2015, less than 18 children were born to 10 women in Russia, in 2021 – only 15 children, which is below the population replacement level. Conclusion. One of the promising directions for improving the situation is to adopt effective social measures to increase fertility in young women, to increase the total fertility rate, as well as to develop a promising industrial production and incentive programs to prevent the outflow of young population.
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Zhang, Chenning, Asen Grytsai, Oleksandr Evtushevsky, Gennadi Milinevsky, Yulia Andrienko, Valery Shulga, Andrew Klekociuk, Yuriy Rapoport y Wei Han. "Rossby Waves in Total Ozone over the Arctic in 2000–2021". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 9 (4 de mayo de 2022): 2192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14092192.
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The purpose of this work is to study Rossby wave parameters in total ozone over the Arctic in 2000–2021. We consider the averages in the January–March period, when stratospheric trace gases (including ozone) in sudden stratospheric warming events are strongly disturbed by planetary waves. To characterize the wave parameters, we analyzed ozone data at the latitudes of 50°N (the sub-vortex area), 60°N (the polar vortex edge) and 70°N (inner region of the polar vortex). Total ozone column (TOC) measurements over a 22-year time interval were used from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer/Earth Probe and Ozone Mapping Instrument/Aura satellite observations. The TOC zonal distribution and variations in the Fourier spectral components with zonal wave numbers m = 1–5 are presented. The daily and interannual variations in TOC, amplitudes and phases of the spectral wave components, as well as linear trends in the amplitudes of the dominant quasi-stationary wave 1 (QSW1), are discussed. The positive TOC peaks inside the vortex in 2010 and 2018 alternate with negative ones in 2011 and 2020. The extremely low TOC at 70°N in 2020 corresponds to severe depletion of stratospheric ozone over the Arctic in strong vortex conditions due to anomalously low planetary wave activity and a high positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation. Interannual TOC variations in the sub-vortex region at 50°N are accompanied by a negative trend of −4.8 Dobson Units per decade in the QSW1 amplitude, statistically significant at 90% confidence level, while the trend is statistically insignificant in the vortex edge region and inside the vortex due to the increased variability in TOC and QSW1. The processes associated with quasi-circumpolar migration and quasi-stationary oscillation of the wave-1 phase depending on the polar vortex strength in 2020 and 2021 are discussed.
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Reynolds, Rebekah G., Huong Quynh Anh Nguyen, Jordan C. T. Reddel y Regan J. Thomson. "Recent strategies and tactics for the enantioselective total syntheses of cyclolignan natural products". Natural Product Reports 39, n.º 3 (2022): 670–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1np00057h.
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This review highlights strategies for the enantioselective total synthesis of cyclolignan natural products from 2000 to 2021. Each subsection focuses on the key strategic disconnections and the enantioselective steps controlling asymmetric induction.
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Ko, Ara y Jaeyoung Hong. "Analysis of Narrative Inquiry Trends in the Field of Special Education in Korea(2000~2021)". Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, n.º 11 (15 de junio de 2022): 631–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.11.631.
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Objectives The purpose of this study is to provide basic information to researchers who want to carry out narrative inquiry in the field of special education in the future.
Methods 51 narrative studies in the field of special education in Korea were analyzed from 2000 to 2021. For analysis, analysis criteria were established through a review of prior research, and based on this, analyzed by journal, publication year, research participants, number of participants, research topics, disability area, number of participants, data formation methods, interview period and number of times.
Results As a result of the analysis, 11.8% of the papers to be analyzed were published in ‘Korean Journal of Early Childhood Special Education’ and 9.8% in ‘Journal of Special Education: Theory and Practice,’ with a total of 21.6% published in two journals. The publication started with 1 paper in 2004, 8 papers were published in 2021, confirming the increasing trend of narrative inquiry research. As for the participants, 40.7% of special education teachers and 20.3% of general teachers were involved in the study. the number of participants was 1~3 people accounting for the majority. Most of the research topics were instruction and curriculum operation experiences. In the case of the disability area, 46.4% of the studies dealt with the overall disability without limiting the specific disability area, and 8.9% of the single disability area were visual impairment and Multiple disability, respectively. As for the data formation method, 64.7% of them collected individual interviews and field text together. The interview period showed an even distribution from less than 1 month to 12 months. As for the number of individual interviews, 3~4 times were the most at 27.4%.
Conclusions Based on these results, implications for the development of narrative inquiry in the field of special education in the future were discussed.
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Kutlu Abu, Nese. "Bibliometric Analysis of Inquiry-Based Science Research During 2000-2021". Shanlax International Journal of Education 12, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/education.v12i1.6100.
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The aim of this research is to explore the research trends of inquiry-based science (IBS) articles in the Web of Science database during 2000-2021. The bibliometric method was used in the research. A total of 662 IBS education articles were included in the study, out of 1389 IBS publications covering all fields published in Web of Science during 2000-2021. Citation and co-citation analysis were applied using VOSviewer software. The data obtained from this analysis are presented with tables, graphs, and bibliometric maps. According to the results, there is an increase in the number of IBS publications or citations in the recent years. The most cited keywords are teacher development, professional development, primary school, science achievement, and PISA. The most cited countries are the USA, Germany, and France. It has recently been determined that there is a trend towards sustainability education, local perspectives, technology, and interdisciplinary integration in IBS studies. The results were discussed with previous studies in the literature and some suggestions were made for future research. This research, which photographs inquired-based science studies published over the last two decades, may be useful to science education experts and curriculum evaluators.
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Al-Khoury, Abeer, Hossam Haddad, Atef Al-Bawab, Mohammed Othman y Ayman Khazaleh. "Financial Performance for Arab Bank using DuPont Analysis 2000-2021". WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 19 (8 de septiembre de 2022): 1526–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2022.19.137.
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In today’s business environment, financial analysis is considered one of the most reliable tools to judge performance, especially in the banking sector. The present study investigates the financial performance of one of the most famous and highest profitable banks in Jordan, the Arab Bank. It examines the Arab Bank’s financial performance from 2000 to 2019 by adopting the DuPont system of financial analysis of return on equity (ROE) model. This method relies on three main elements, which are net profit margin (NPM), total assets turnover (TAT), and equity multiplier (EM). The main scope of this study is to analyze the profitability and efficiency of the Cooperative for one of the Jordanian banks. Dupont Analysis provides an indicator of the stockholders’ wealth using the ROE index. Secondary data was used by accessing the official website of the Arab Bank and obtaining the financial information by analyzing the annual reports. The study finds that the Arab Bank has maintained stability over two decades with slight fluctuations in the ROE despite the international financial crises. On the other hand, NPM and TAT have witnessed relative strength from 2000 to 2019. Furthermore, EM indicates constant indicators for the period of 2000-2005 while the ratios from 2006 -2019 have diminished, which means the financial leverage of the Arab Bank lately was less dependent on the debts to finance the assets.
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Zhang, Y., J. Ruppenkamp, A. Gupta y C. Holy. "EPH201 Trends in Racial Disparities for Total Knee Arthroplasty — A US Hospital Database Analysis, 2000–2021". Value in Health 26, n.º 6 (junio de 2023): S200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2023.03.1082.
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Zhang, Y., J. Ruppenkamp, A. Gupta y C. Holy. "EE440 Trends in the Cost of Total Knee Arthroplasty — a US Hospital Database Analysis, 2000–2021". Value in Health 26, n.º 6 (junio de 2023): S140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2023.03.741.
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Jang, Eun Young y Jongyeun Lee. "Trends of Domestic Research Studies on Parental Leave(2000-2021)". Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 23, n.º 5 (15 de marzo de 2023): 417–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2023.23.5.417.
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Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the trends of domestic research studies on parental leave. Methods For the purpose, this study collected a total of 100 journal articles and dissertations on parental leave published from 2000 to 2021, and then analyzed them focusing on the published year, source, academic field, research theme, research participants’ personal information(gender and occupation), types of research methods, data collection and data analysis method, and relevant variables. Results The results are as follows. First, the research studies on parental leave started to increase in 2011- 2015, and then have increased largely since 2016. Second, both journal articles and dissertations showed the similar percentages. Third, the most researches were found in the field of social welfare, among journal articles. Fourth, there were lots of research studies on the ease of use of the parental leave system. Fifth, regarding personal information of the research participants, there were research studies with women more than those with men, and, there were research studies with various occupations more than those with a single occupation without separating occupations. Sixth, there were quantitative research studies a bit more than qualitative research studies as a research method. Seventh, the survey took up more than half of quantitative research studies while the interview method was the most used for qualitative research studies. Eighth, In case of data analysis method, the quantitative researches used the most mixed analysis while the qualitative researches used the most case analysis. Ninth, in case of independent variables, there were the most research studies on the relation with personal characteristics while in case of dependent variables, there were the most researches on the relation with the institutional characteristics. Conclusions These main results were discussed and the implications were provided for the further direction of domestic researches on parental leave.
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YILMAZ, Selçuk, Sevil ALKAN, Süleyman Kaan ÖNER, Nihat Demirhan DEMİRKIRAN, Numan KUYUBAŞI y Cengiz ARSLAN. "A scientometric analysis and visualization of Pott's disease; 2000-2021". Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 6, n.º 5 (28 de septiembre de 2023): 937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1334167.
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Aims: Spinal tuberculosis, or Pott's disease, is a bacterial infection of the spine, which is primarily brought on by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, Pott's disease-related research papers from the Web of Science database were examined scientometrically. The study's time frame is between 2000 and 2021. To shed light on the trends and advancements in research on Pott's disease, bibliometric techniques are used in the analysis.
Methods: A literature search on spinal tuberculosis was carried out in November 2022 using the WOS search engine. Using specific retrieval keywords, the search covered the years 2000 through 2021. Titles, document types, publication years, author details, affiliations, keywords, funding sponsors, journal names, abstracts, and citations were examined. The data was further processed for both quantitative and qualitative analysis using VOSviewer (1.6.18).
Results: A total of 892 papers from 2000 to 2021 were examined based on search parameters. 430 of these were released as Open Access articles. 81.0% of them were in the Science Citation Index Expanded. The publications came from 77 different nations, China dominated research on Pott's disease with 306 papers, followed by India with 147 and the United States with 86. The investigation revealed a rising trend in recent years, pointing to a rise in interest in Pott's disease. Research fields like neurology and orthopedics made important advances. Notably, 7.7% of the research' funding for Pott's disease publications came from the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation. The leading publishing journal has become the European Spine Journal.
Conclusion: The data shows that China has played a significant role in Pott's disease research, followed by India and the United States. The survey also reveals a growing need for PD research, notably in the disciplines of orthopedics and neurology.
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Azad, Sapna y Kanwarpreet Singh. "GIS and RS based analysis of LULCC in Indian Himalayan". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012001.
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Abstract Land use is the main essential resource of the total ecological system.. Analysing LULCC is important for a vast range of applications such as landslide, land planning etc. In this study, LULCC have been considered for a period of 20 years (2000-2021) using RS and GIS based analysis of Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. Supervised classification technique is used to analyse LANDSAT images from the year 2000 to 2021. The output is identified and changes in land use pattern was obtained for each successive imagery and final changes were obtain by comparing 2000 and 2021 usgs data. The result obtained indicate a major change in the growth. Thickly vegetated land reduced from 95.52% to 20.22% in the year 2021 whereas the Moderately Vegetated land reduced from 60.25% to 10.50%. In the year 2021, The Urban Land increased from 75.65% to 180.50% while the agricultural land is also increased from 70.63% to 190.25%. Barren Land also gets increased from 65.25% to 150.23%.
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Solgama, Jay P., Edward Liu, Mellar Davis, Jove Graham, Kenneth L. McCall y Brian J. Piper. "State-level variation in distribution of oxycodone and opioid-related deaths from 2000 to 2021: an ecological study of ARCOS and CDC WONDER data in the USA". BMJ Open 14, n.º 3 (marzo de 2024): e073765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073765.
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ObjectivesThis study aims to characterise oxycodone’s distribution and opioid-related overdoses in the USA by state from 2000 to 2021.DesignThis is an observational study.SettingMore than 80 000 Americans died of an opioid overdose in 2021 as the USA continues to struggle with an opioid crisis. Prescription opioids play a substantial role, introducing patients to opioids and providing a supply of drugs that can be redirected to those seeking to misuse them.MethodsThe Drug Enforcement Administration annual summary reports from the Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System provided weights of oxycodone distributed per state by business type (pharmacies, hospitals and practitioners). Weights were converted to morphine milligram equivalents (MME) per capita and normalised for population. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research provided mortality data for heroin, other opioids, methadone, other synthetic narcotics and other/unspecified narcotics.ResultsThere was a sharp 280.13% increase in total MME/person of oxycodone from 2000 to 2010, followed by a slower 54.34% decrease from 2010 to 2021. Florida (2007–2011), Delaware (2003–2020) and Tennessee (2012–2021) displayed consistent and substantial elevations in combined MME/person compared with other states. In the peak year (2010), there was a 15-fold difference between the highest and lowest states. MME/person from only pharmacies, which constituted >94% of the total, showed similar results. Hospitals in Alaska (2000–2001, 2008, 2010–2021), Colorado (2008–2021) and DC (2000–2011) distributed substantially more MME/person over many years compared with other states. Florida stood out in practitioner-distributed oxycodone, with an elevation of almost 15-fold the average state from 2006 to 2010. Opioid-related deaths increased +806% from 2000 to 2021, largely driven by heroin, other opioids and other synthetic narcotics.ConclusionsOxycodone distribution across the USA showed marked differences between states and business types over time. Investigation of opioid policies in states of interest may provide insight for future actions to mitigate opioid misuse.
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Li, Zongmei, Lanhui Li, Yang Wang, Wang Man, Wenfeng Liu y Qin Nie. "Spatial Change of the Farming–Pastoral Ecotone in Northern China from 1985 to 2021". Land 11, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122179.
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Identifying the spatial changes in farming–pastoral ecotone (FPE) is of utmost importance for the development of strategies for ecological protection in ecologically fragile areas. This study employed spatial autocorrelation and spatial clustering techniques to map FPE at the pixel scale using CLCD data with a spatial resolution of 30 × 30 m in the years 1985, 2000, and 2021, and then analyzed the changes of the FPE in northern China. The results showed that the FPE is mainly located at the border between the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the adjacent provinces, which is along the Hu-line and the 400-mm isohyetal line. The area of the FPE was 63.94 × 104 km2, 62.90 × 104 km2, and 53.81 × 104 km2 in 1985, 2000, and 2021, respectively, accounting for 6.7%, 6.6%, 5.6% of the total land area in China. The FPE boundary moved northwestward during 1985–2021, demonstrating retreating, fragmenting, and shrinking tendencies. The decreased areas and the moving distances of the gravity center are six times and four times greater during 2000–2021 than that during 1985–2000, respectively. Moreover, the discontinuous change in FPE was mainly due to the increase in forest land, especially for the conversion of grassland to forest land. Our findings provide guidance for the construction of ecological civilization and the optimization of ecosystem structure in the farming–pastoral ecotone.
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Pasvolsky, Oren, Curtis Marcoux, Jianliang Dai, Denái R. Milton, Mark R. Tanner, Naureen Syed, Qaiser Bashir et al. "Trends in Outcomes over Three Decades after Upfront Autologous Stem Cell Transplant for Multiple Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center". Blood 142, Supplement 1 (28 de noviembre de 2023): 4962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-174479.
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Introduction Remarkable advances have been made in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) with the advent of novel therapies and the use of post-transplant maintenance. We report trends in outcomes of MM patients who received upfront autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHCT) at our institution over more than three decades. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective study of patients with newly diagnosed MM undergoing upfront autoHCT between 1988 to 2021. Patients were grouped by the year of autoHCT: 1988-2000 (n=249), 2001-2005 (n=373), 2006-2010 (n=568), 2011-2015 (n=815) and 2016-2021 (n=1036). High-risk cytogenetic abnormalities were defined as del17p, t(4;14), t(14;16), 1q21 gain or amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and group differences were assessed using the log-rank test. Associations between demographic and clinical factors and survival outcomes were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results A total of 3041 patients were included in our analysis. Median age at autoHCT increased from 52 years (1988-2000) to 62 years (2016-2021), with only 1% of transplanted patients being ≥ 65 years of age in 1988-2000, compared to 38% in 2016-2021 (p<0.001). The proportion of African-American patients increased from 9% in 1988-2000 to 19% in 2016-2021 (p=0.004). The incidence of high-risk cytogenetics increased from 15% in 1988-2000 to 40% in 2016-2021 (p<0.001). The comorbidity burden, as measured by the hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index (HCT-CI), increased over time, with 17% of patients having HCT-CI>3 in 1988-2000 compared to 28% in 2016-2021 (p<0.001). Induction regimens evolved over time from predominately conventional chemotherapy (39%) in 1988-2000 to immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) and proteasome inhibitor (PI)-based regimens, with 74% receiving an IMiD-PI containing triplet [39% bortezomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (VRD) and 35% carfilzomib, lenalidomide and dexamethasone (KRD)] between 2016-2021 (p<0.001). Maintenance therapy was used in >80% from 2011 onwards (Table 1). Response rates prior to autoHCT steadily improved with 4% and 10% patients achieving ≥CR and ≥VGPR between 1988-2000, compared to 19% and 65% between 2016-2021, respectively. At day 100 post-transplant, 24% and 49% patients achieved ≥CR and ≥VGPR between 1988-2000 compared to 41% and 81% between 2016-2021, respectively. At best post-transplant response, 33% and 53% patients achieved ≥CR and ≥VGPR between 1988-2000 compared to 63% and 91% between 2016-2021, respectively. The median PFS in the entire study population was 38.3 months (95% CI 36.4-40.3), improving from 22.3 months between 1988-2000 to 58.6 months between 2016-2021 (hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.42 [0.36-0.50], p<0.001; Figure 1A). Notably, patients with high-risk cytogenetics also had an improvement in PFS in recent years, with a median PFS of 28.0 months (0.38 [0.26-0.55], p<0.001) and 36.8 months (0.32 [0.22-0.46], p<0.001) in 2011-2015 and 2016-2021, respectively, compared to only 13.7 months in 2001-2005. Patients aged ≥65 years also had an improvement in median PFS from 33.6 months (95% CI 23.1-44.2) between 2001-2005 to 52.8 months (95% CI 40.0-68.5, p<0.001) between 2016-2021. Median OS was 99.4 months (95% CI 94.2-104.0) in the entire study population, steadily improving from 55.1 months to not reached (0.41 [0.33-0.52], p<0.001) in 1988-2000 and 2016-2021, respectively (Figure 1B). Similarly, in those with high-risk cytogenetics, OS improved with a median OS of 32.9 months in 2001-2005 compared to 66.5 months (0.39 [0.26-0.61], p<0.001) in 2016-2021. Between 1988-2000, day 100 non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 6%, whereas from 2001 onwards NRM remained ≤ 1% (p<0.001). Conclusions This single-center analysis of over 3,000 newly diagnosed MM patients undergoing upfront autoHCT demonstrates significant improvements in the depth of response and survival outcomes over the past three decades, even in patients with high-risk disease. NRM remained <1% despite increasing age and comorbidity burden.
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Siliya, Dora, Felix Kanungwe Kalaba y Max Chibelushi Musongole. "Impact of Election Expenditure on Agricultural Service Delivery Expenditure in Zambia, 2000-2021". American Journal of Public Policy and Administration 7, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 14–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajppa.1260.
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Purpose: This paper examined the public expenditure changes between elections and agriculture service delivery. The aim was to determine how the relationship trend related to agriculture growth. Early analyses assumed that elections act as a signal for preferential public expenditure. Thus, in Zambia, agriculture would be a priority as the government claims over 70% of citizens, directly or indirectly earn from the sector.
Methodology: Times series secondary data was analyzed for descriptive statistics from 2000 to 2021.
Findings: The evidence is that agriculture public expenditure was lower than CAADP targets in this period. Agriculture research as a service received the lowest funding. The trend also revealed that there were very sharp increases in election expenditure in both the preceding year and in the year of elections. In most election years this was close to 2% of total national public spending over the study period. These election spending spikes may have induced cyclical fiscal shocks, difficult to recover from, resulting in limited fiscal space and a reduction in agriculture spending. The electoral cycle induced fiscal shocks, over time, may have also led to a downward trend in agriculture growth. The authors identify this phenomenon as the ‘functionality burden of democracy’.
Recommendation: Based on the findings the study recommends that agreed policy objectives in agriculture and CAADP commitments must become a national mission. This would mean that the agriculture goals are shared at all levels including family, schools, private sector, civil society and the media.
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Alfatiha, Raja Ainaya, Arianis Chan y Anang Muftiadi. "Bibliometric Analysis: Partnership in Achieving Competitive Advantage". Owner 7, n.º 1 (31 de diciembre de 2022): 401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33395/owner.v7i1.1251.
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The abstract The purpose of this research is to provide information from the results of identification and mapping of research around partnerships in achieving competitive advantage. The research method used is bibliometric analysis through articles in the Scopus database. The main procedure is to manually filter articles from search results to obtain relevant articles. The total number of articles obtained from the beginning of the 2000-2021 research year was 798 articles, after a screening process, 238 relevant articles were obtained. The results showed that the total publications from 2000-2021 experienced a fluctuating cycle, with the peak of the study occurring in 2020 with 22 articles. Then the countries that do the most research and the most in citations are the United States and the United Kingdom. Meanwhile, the mapping results using VOSviewer are obtained by four keyword clusters from previous research. The yellow color in the node indicates the development of the research topic.
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Rocha, Rafael, André Pereira y Carla Maia. "Non-Endemic Leishmaniases Reported Globally in Humans between 2000 and 2021—A Comprehensive Review". Pathogens 11, n.º 8 (16 de agosto de 2022): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11080921.
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Leishmaniases are human and animal parasitic diseases transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. Globalization is an important driver of the burden and in the current dynamics of these diseases. A systematic review of articles published between 2000 and 2021 was conducted using the PubMed search engine to identify the epidemiology and clinical management of imported human leishmaniases as a fundamental step to better manage individual cases and traveler and migrant health from a global perspective. A total of 275 articles were selected, representing 10,341 human imported cases. Identified drivers of changing patterns in epidemiology include conflict and war, as well as host factors, such as immunosuppression, natural and iatrogenic. Leishmania species diversity associated with different clinical presentations implies diagnostic and treatment strategies often complex to select and apply, especially in non-endemic settings. Thus, diagnostic and management algorithms for medical clinical decision support are proposed. Increased surveillance of non-endemic cases, whether in vulnerable populations such as refugees/migrants and immunocompromised individuals or travelers, could improve individual health and mitigate the public health risk of introducing Leishmania species into new areas.
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Lu, Guanhua, Ruixiang Hu, Zhiyong Dong, Jianxue Wang, Wah Yang y Cunchuan Wang. "Bibliometric and Correlation Analysis of Bariatric Surgery Researches in Asia-Pacific from 2000 to 2021". Obesity Facts 16, n.º 5 (2023): 484–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000533152.
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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Bariatric surgery has grown in popularity over the past two decades, especially in the Asia-Pacific. Correspondingly, researchers’ interest in this field has also increased. This study aims to perform a bibliometric analysis of publications from Asia-Pacific represented by the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders Asia-Pacific Chapter (IFSO-APC) and investigate the relevant factors that might affect the publications. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The search terms for bariatric surgery were searched in Web of Science focusing on the period 2000–2021. Bibliometric analysis was performed after screening the search results. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed on the number of publications and corresponding indicators obtained from official agencies. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 9,547 publications in IFSO-APC were retrieved, of which China had the largest number with 2,782 publications. Authors and journals with major contributions were listed. The authors’ or affiliations’ cooperation networks mainly were limited to domestic. “Bariatric surgery” was the most frequent keyword with 2,063 times and also the largest cluster. “Morbid obesity” was the strongest citation bursts. Multivariate analysis found that the number of publications in each country/region was associated with body mass index ≥25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, gross domestic product, and total population. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Generally, Asia-Pacific represented by IFSO-APC scientific publications on bariatric surgery has grown significantly in the last two decades, but cooperation between countries/regions should be strengthened. “Morbid obesity” is the focus and frontier of research in this field.
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Ren, Shanshan, Xin Li, Yingzheng Wang, Donghai Zheng, Decai Jiang, Yanyun Nian y Yushan Zhou. "Multitemporal Glacier Mass Balance and Area Changes in the Puruogangri Ice Field during 1975–2021 Based on Multisource Satellite Observations". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 16 (20 de agosto de 2022): 4078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14164078.
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Due to climate warming, the glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau have experienced rapid mass loss and the patterns of glacier changes have exhibited high spatiotemporal heterogeneity, especially in interior areas. As the largest ice field within the Tibetan Plateau, the Puruogangri Ice Field has attracted a lot of attention from the scientific community. However, relevant studies that are based on satellite data have mainly focused on a few periods from 2000–2016. Long-term and multiperiod observations remain to be conducted. To this end, we estimated the changes in the glacier area and mass balance of the Puruogangri Ice Field over five subperiods between 1975 and 2021, based on multisource remote sensing data. Specifically, we employed KH-9 and Landsat images to estimate the area change from 1975 to 2021 using the band ratio method. Subsequently, based on KH-9 DEM, SRTM DEM, Copernicus DEM and ZY-3 DEM data, we evaluated the glacier elevation changes and mass balance over five subperiods during 1975–2021. The results showed that the total glacier area decreased from 427.44 ± 12.43 km2 to 387.87 ± 11.02 km2 from 1975 to 2021, with a decrease rate of 0.86 km2 a−1. The rate of area change at a decade timescale was −0.74 km2 a−1 (2000–2012) and −1.00 km2 a−1 (2012–2021). Furthermore, the rates at a multiyear timescale were −1.23 km2 a−1, −1.83 km2 a−1 and −0.42 km2 a−1 for 2012–2015, 2015–2017 and 2017–2021, respectively. In terms of the glacier mass balance, the region-wide results at a two-decade timescale were −0.23 ± 0.02 m w.e. a−1 for 1975–2000 and −0.29 ± 0.02 m w.e. a−1 for 2000–2021, indicating a sustained and relatively stable mass loss over the past nearly five decades. After 2000, the loss rate at a decade timescale was −0.04 ± 0.01 m w.e. a−1 for 2000–2012 and −0.17 ± 0.01 m w.e. a−1 for 2012–2021, indicating an increasing loss rate over recent decades. It was further found that the mass loss rate was −0.12 ± 0.02 m w.e. a−1 for 2012–2015, −0.03 ± 0.01 m w.e. a−1 for 2015–2017 and −0.40 ± 0.03 m w.e. a−1 for 2017–2021. These results indicated that a significant portion of the glacier mass loss mainly occurred after 2017. According to our analysis of the meteorological measurements in nearby regions, the trends of precipitation and the average annual air temperature both increased. Combining these findings with the results of the glacier changes implied that the glacier changes seemed to be more sensitive to temperature increase in this region. Overall, our results improved our understanding of the status of glacier changes and their reaction to climate change in the central Tibetan Plateau.
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Andrea, Mille, Rikke Karlin Jepsen, Mads Falk Klein, Ismail Gögenur y Tine Plato Kuhlmann. "Colorectal serrated lesions and polyps in the Danish population: A large nationwide register-based cohort study". Endoscopy International Open 11, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2023): E1116—E1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-2206-4486.
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Abstract Background and study aims Colorectal serrated lesions and polyps (SPs) include hyperplastic polyps (HP), sessile serrated lesions-/+dysplasia (SSL/SSL-D), and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA). From 20% to 30% of colorectal cancers (CRC) develop from SP. We present incidence and baseline characteristics of SP in a Danish cohort. Patients and methods We used The Danish Pathology Registry to include all SPs in the Danish population from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2021. Based on the unique Danish personal identification number and SNOMED-codes, combined with the age and sex of patients, and date of procedure, we determined the incidence of the SP subtypes, anatomical location, and changes over time. Results During the period from 2000 to 2021, a total of 292,761 SPs were removed from 163,840 patients: 51,649 SSLs, 5959 SSL-Ds, 224,860 HDs, and 10,293 TSAs. The median age of patients was 64.1 years (range 55.2–71.6) and 53.3% were male. We found a general increase in SPs from 3525 in 2000 to 25,853 in 2021 and a rise in the SSL proportion from 1.7% in 2006 to 38% in 2021. Half of all patients had more than one lesion at endoscopy with conventional adenomas being the most common. CRC was found along with SPs in 3.3% of procedures, while 1% to 2.5% of the patients developed metachronous CRC. Conclusions We found an increasing number of SPs, especially SSLs. From 2019 to 2021 the number of SPs seem to stabilize, while the proportion of SSLs keeps rising. Synchronous lesions were common along all subtypes of SP.
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Korol’, Elena A. y Evgeniy N. Degaev. "Dynamics of decline in industrial injuries". Vestnik MGSU, n.º 3 (marzo de 2023): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2023.3.438-446.
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Introduction. The authors analyze the dynamics of decline in industrial injuries in 2000 to 2021. According to the Federal Service for Labor and Employment, accidents at work became more frequent in 2021 relative to 2020. In the processing industry, construction, transportation and storage sectors, the largest number of fatalities was registered in the workplace, reaching 52.2 % of the total number of all fatal accidents. The purpose of the work is to study the set of parameters, affecting
the level of industrial injuries, and to identify the factors that contribute to reducing the number of violations of labor law requirements in occupational safety.
Materials and methods. Provisions of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and Federal Law “On Special Evaluation of Working Conditions” No. 426 dated December 28, 2013, which set the occupational safety requirements and the procedure for the special evaluation of working conditions, are the basis for verifying statistical data on industrial injuries.
Results. Unsatisfactory production and workplace arrangements were the main causes of accidents in 2021 (31 % of the total number). 16 % of accidents, that involved grave consequences, occurred through the fault of employees (violation of work performance procedures and discipline of labor — 10 %, violations of the technology process — 6 %). More than 6,000 violations of the law were revealed as a result of a special evaluation of working conditions, and the total amount of charged penalties reached 2,641,900 rubles.
Conclusions. The dynamics of decline in industrial injuries in Russia in the context of 2000–2021 has a positive trend, but it is irregular. There was a slight increase in the number of fatalities at industrial facilities in 2007, 2010 and 2021. The main reason for an increase in industrial injuries in 2021 was a ban imposed on scheduled inspections due to the coronavirus infection. To reduce industrial injuries, it is necessary to toughen penalties for violations by employers of the requirements of the labor legislation, including those regulating the special evaluation of working conditions.
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Straticò, Paola, Giulia Guerri, Adriana Palozzo, Vincenzo Varasano y Lucio Petrizzi. "Current Use of Equine Laparoscopy in Urogenital Disorders: A Scoping Review of the Literature from 2000 to 2021". Veterinary Sciences 9, n.º 2 (22 de enero de 2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9020041.
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(1) Background: Laparoscopic surgery replaced traditional invasive techniques for the treatment of common urogenital disorders in equids. The aim of this review is to evaluate applications and the development of urogenital laparoscopy from 2001 to 2021. (2) Methods: A scoping review of literature was undertaken according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines for scoping reviews on three databases (NCBI-PubMed, Web of Science-Thompson Reuters, and SciVerse Scopus). (3) Results: A total of 452 papers were identified. After duplicate removal and title screening, 181 papers underwent abstract screening. Of these, 160 + 10 papers (cited by others) were assessed for eligibility according to the PICOs. A total of 132 papers were considered eligible. Most of the research was focused on ovaries and testes, followed by urinary bladder and general articles about laparoscopy in horses. We identified 43 original studies (33%, RCT, NoRCT, and experimental trials), 39 case series/retrospective studies (29%), 37 case reports (28%), and 13 reviews (10%, narrative or systematic). (4) Conclusions: Gonadal disorders were the most investigated. Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery (HALS) and laparoscopic-assisted surgery represent valuable options for more challenging conditions (uterine and urinary bladder disorders).
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Alekhin, Boris. "Fertility and Female Unemployment in Russian Regions". Spatial Economics 19, n.º 1 (2023): 20–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2023.1.020-051.
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This paper examines economic and demographic determinants of fertility, using panel data for 82 regions of the Russian Federation for 2000–2021. Panel co-integration technique is used to find out whether there exists a long-term equilibrium relationship between total fertility rate (TFR) and these determinants. We show that the growth of TFR is due largely to the growth of nuptiality rate, old age demographic burden, female wages, domestic labor migration and female unemployment rate, while the decline is associated with female economic activity and urbanization. In 2000–2011 the combined effect of stimulants prevailed over the combined effect of inhibitors, and TFR tended to grow. In 2011–2021 the negative impact of female economic activity and urbanization increased, and TFR began to decline. Pairwise Granger causality test shows that female unemployment, economic activity and urbanization cause fertility, but not vice versa, while causation is bidirectional in other cases. These results support some theoretical predictions and empirical evidence and contradict some others
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Stamm, Raini, Meelis Stamm, Sergei Ovtšinnikov y Reeda Tuula-Fjodorov. "Offensive pass tactics analysis of volleyball setters in olympic finals of 2000 and 2021". Papers on Anthropology 32, n.º 1 (28 de septiembre de 2023): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/poa.2023.32.1.03.
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The aim of the current study was to analyse offensive pass tactics in Olympic Games finals in 2000 and 2021. The authors of the study were interested how the game of volleyball has developed in 20 years, whether it has become faster or even slower. We were also interested whether setters’ game tactics had changed in 20 years. Therefore, we undertook three tasks: to compare offensive pass tactics according to types of sets; to compare the distribution of offensive passes between zones and to compare the ball flight phase times of offensive passes. Based on videos of two Olympic finals (eight sets), a total of 327 offensive passes were analysed, which were divided into different types of sets, and the ball flight phase time of each offensive pass was fixed. It was also taken into account whether the setter had had an excellent, good or bad reception or first touch before performing the set. The videos were analysed using the Kinovea program; the quality of the first video was 360p and of the second 1080p. The first final studied was played in Sydney, Australia, on 1 October 2000 between the men’s volleyball teams of Yugoslavia and Russia, and the second on 7 August in Tokyo, Japan, between the men’s teams of France and Russia.
To find statistically significant differences in data, Student’s t-test, p < 0.05, was used. The results revealed that in 20 years setters’ offensive pass tactics had changed; new offensive pass types had been introduced in both back and front zones. As a result of comparison of mean times of ball flight phases, the authors state that in one case the flight phase speed increased, namely in the case of offensive pass into zone 4; in another case, it became slower – in the case of offensive pass tempo forward. In addition to offensive passes played in 2000, new types of offensive pass were played in 2021, such as back line set between zones 6 and 1, back line set between zones 5 and 6, and the shoot set. The tandem combination played in 2000 was not performed once in 2021. The five most popular offensive passes turned out to be sharp sets into zone 4, sharp sets into zone 2, tempo sets forward, sharp back line sets into zone 2, high sets into zone 4. The difference of 2021 compared to 2000 was that the shoot combination was played on the frontline (6% of all the sets), and the back line attack was used 5% more often. The comparison of ball flight phase times revealed that the mean time of the flight phase decreased only in the case of the sharp set into zone 4. Namely, the mean time of the ball flight phase in 2000 was 1.12 seconds, in 2021, however, 0.97 seconds. This can be explained by sharper and faster sets into zone 4. But in the case of the tempo set forward, the mean time of the ball flight phase increased from 0.40 to 0.49 seconds by 2021. The authors’ explanation is that tempo sets were not hit from so near to the setter but, to make blocking more difficult, tempo sets were set longer, or somewhat higher tempo set was used. A statistically significant difference between the two finals was found in the case of sharp set into zone 4 and tempo set forward.
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Wan Zulkafli, Azly, Nur Alia Zhahirah Mohd Zakir, Abdul Karim Othman, Afif Mazelan, Rohimah Ismail, Wan Nor Aliza Wan Abdul Rahman, Farrahdilla Hamzah y Zainab Mohd Shafie. "The Nursing Approaches for Pain Management in Post-Operative Total Knee Replacement". Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine 6, n.º 2 (30 de noviembre de 2022): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37231/ajmb.2022.6.2.468.
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Pain management is very crucial in nursing care. However due to lack of overall understanding, pain management by health professional is scarce. Therefore, knowledge and attitude of nurses towards effective management of pain in care post-operative care is pertinent. The effectiveness of postoperative nursing care is a basic part of a healthcare worker. The type of post-operative management emphasized in this article consists of the pain assessment and pain management by pharmacological and non-pharmacological tools. Post-operative follow-up care is required to alleviate pain and restore knee features and functions. The primary duty of nurses in postoperative care is to acknowledge preparation and implement suitable treatment. This article aims to provide information on increasing nurses’ knowledge in managing pain for post-operative care of Total Knee Replacement. Searches were performed by using electronic database for full text article in English language, original article published between 2000 and 2021. The database includes Springer, PubMed, British Medical Journal, Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal, SAGE Pub and ProQuest.
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Оганесянц, Лев Арсенович y Александр Львович Панасюк. "Production and the Global Wine Market in 2021". Beer and beverages, n.º 2 (16 de junio de 2022): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/pin.2022.02.02.008.
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Представлены последние данные по производству и мировому рынку вина. Общая площадь виноградников в мире в 2021 г. составила 7,3 млн га. Испания, Франция, Китай, Италия, Турция и США владеют более чем половиной всех виноградников. Мировое производство вина составило 260 млн гкл. Спад производства вина в странах ЕС компенсируется ростом в Южном полушарии. Италия, Франция, Испания, США, Аргентина, Чили, Австралия и ЮАР произвели три четверти всего объема вина. Наибольшее потребление вина зафиксировано в США, Франции, Италии, Германии, Великобритании, Испании и Китае. Экспорт вина составил 112 млн дкл. Основные экспортеры - Испания, Италия, Франция, Чили, Австралия. Среди импортеров ведущие места занимают Германия, США и Великобритания. Индекс интернационализации рынка, который представляет собой отношение объемов экспортируемого и потребляемого вина, в 2021 г. составил 47%, против 27% для 2000 г. То есть почти каждая вторая бутылка потребляемого вина приходилась на зарубежную продукцию. Приведены данные по ориентировочному объему производства в 2022 г. в Южном полушарии. The latest data on the production and world market of wine are presented. The total area of vineyards in the world in 2021 amounted to 7.3 million hectares. Spain, France, China, Italy, Turkey and the USA own more than half of all vineyards. World wine production amounted to 260 million gcl. The decline in wine production in the EU countries is offset by growth in the Southern Hemisphere. Italy, France, Spain, the USA, Argentina, Chile, Australia and South Africa produced three-quarters of the total volume. The largest consumption of wine was recorded in the USA, France, Italy, Germany, Great Britain, Spain and China. Wine exports amounted to 112 million dkl. The main exporters are Spain, Italy, France, Chile, Australia. Germany, the USA and the UK occupy the leading places among importers. The internationalization index of the market, which is the ratio of the volumes of exported and consumed wine, in 2021 was 47%, against 27% for 2000. That is, almost every second bottle of wine consumed accounted for foreign products. The data on the estimated volume of production in 2022 in the Southern Hemisphere are given.
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Liu, Jiaxin, Zhongfeng Qiu, Jiajun Feng, Ka Po Wong, Jin Yeu Tsou, Yu Wang y Yuanzhi Zhang. "Monitoring Total Suspended Solids and Chlorophyll-a Concentrations in Turbid Waters: A Case Study of the Pearl River Estuary and Coast Using Machine Learning". Remote Sensing 15, n.º 23 (29 de noviembre de 2023): 5559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15235559.
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Total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) are critical water quality parameters. Focusing on the Pearl River Estuary and its coastal waters, this study compared the performance of XGBoost- and BPNN-based algorithms in estimating TSS and Chl-a levels. The XGBoost-based algorithm demonstrated better performance and was then used to estimate TSS and Chl-a in the Pearl River Estuary and coastal waters from 2000 to 2021. According to our results, TSS and Chl-a were relatively high mainly in the northwest and low in the southeast. Furthermore, values were high in spring and summer and low in fall and winter, with high values emerging near the estuary of the Pearl River. In summer, a band zone with high Chl-a was observed from south of Yamen to south of Hong Kong. In terms of trends, TSS and Chl-a concentrations in the area around the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge tended to decrease from 2000 to 2021. As the construction of the bridge began, changes in water flow caused by the bridge piers and artificial islands were influenced, the change in the rate of TSS in the west area of the bridge was greater than 0, and the TSS in the upstream area of the west side changed from decreasing to increasing trends. Concerning Chl-a concentrations, the change in the rate in the downstream area of the west side of the bridge was greater than 0. The study may provide a helpful example for similar estuarine and coastal waters in other coastal areas.
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Mora-Alvarado, Darner A. y Carlos F. Portuguez-Barquero. "Cobertura de la disposición de excretas en Costa Rica en el periodo 2000-2014 y expectativas para el 2021." Revista Tecnología en Marcha 29, n.º 2 (30 de agosto de 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/tm.v29i2.2690.
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El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las coberturas y evolución del porcentaje de población con sistemas de disposición de excretas (DE) en Costa Rica en el periodo 2000-2014, según los diferentes mecanismos de evacuación como alcantarillado, tanque séptico, letrinas y otros, aunado al inventario y evaluación de la remoción de la Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno Total (DBO mg/L) y de Coliformes fecales (CF/100 mL), en los sistemas de tratamiento convencionales de aguas residuales a cargo del AyA y el análisis de las expectativas de cobertura con DE en el país para el año 2021. <br />Para cumplir con el objetivo del estudio se aplicaron los siguientes pasos; primero, se analizaron las enfermedades vinculadas al contacto con las excretas; segundo, se definió el concepto de la UNICEF y la OMS de “Instalaciones de Saneamiento Mejoradas”; tercero, se describió la cobertura de la población del país con DE mediante alcantarillado, tanques sépticos, letrinas y otros, tanto a nivel nacional como regional y en la zona rural y urbana, en el año 2014; cuarto, se realizó un inventario de los sistemas de tratamiento convencional de aguas residuales y las eficiencias con la remoción de DBO total y CF/100 mL en las aguas crudas y tratadas controladas por el Laboratorio Nacional de Aguas, en el mismo año 2014; quinto, se realizó un análisis de la evolución de las coberturas de DE con los diferentes mecanismos de evacuación durante el periodo 2000-2014; por último, como sexto punto, se establecieron las expectativas de DE por alcantarillado y tanques sépticos para el año 2021. <br />Se hizo un resumen de los factores vinculados a la transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas transmitidas a los seres humanos por contacto con excretas. Posteriormente, se definió el concepto de “Instalaciones de Saneamiento Mejoradas” de la UNICEF y la OMS. Con el desarrollo de los datos de cobertura de la población con DE en el 2014, se comprobó que el país cuenta con un 71,5% de habitantes con tanques sépticos, 26,6% con alcantarillado, 1,5% con letrinas y 0,4% no cuenta con ningún mecanismo de DE. Se elaboró un inventario de 58 sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales. Se determinaron las eficiencias de remoción de DBO total (mg/L) y CF/100 mL, comprobándose que solamente la laguna de estabilización de Santa Cruz cumple con el valor permitido de 50 mg/L en los efluentes tratados. En el caso de los sistemas de tratamiento convencionales, en su mayoría (78%) cumplieron con el valor permitido de DBO total establecido en la normativa nacional del 2010. Con respecto a la remoción de CF/100 mL, sin bien es cierto los porcentajes son altos (entre 90% y 100%), las elevadas densidades provocan un gran riesgo de contaminación en los cuerpos receptores utilizados en cada sistema. El análisis de la evolución del uso de los diferentes mecanismos de DE, en el periodo de estudio, demuestra un incremento en el uso de tanques sépticos en detrimento del uso de alcantarillado hasta el 2011; no obstante, a partir de 2012 se observa una leve reversión, y en 2014 los datos indican que el uso de tanque séptico bajó a 71,5%. <br />Por último, el análisis de la ampliación del alcantarillado y tratamiento en los 11 cantones de San José permitirá alcanzar entre el 22% y el 25% de población con DE tratadas y un 50% a 53% en el uso de alcantarillado. Este avance permitirá disminuir el uso de los tanques sépticos al 50% en el año 2021.
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Méndez Briones, Luis. "Productividad y crecimiento de largo plazo". Horizontes Empresariales 22, n.º 2 (30 de noviembre de 2023): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/hem.v22i2.6325.
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Según estudios del Banco Central de Chile, la productividad total de factores, en los últimos treinta años, viene mostrando un paulatino decrecimiento. 3,5% en 1991-1995; 0,2% en 1996-2000; 1,0% en 2001-2005; 0,6% en 2006-2010; -0,1% en 2011-2015 y -0,1% en 2016-2020 (B. Central de Chile; Evolución de la productividad, 2021).
Sus factores determinantes son la calidad del trabajo, la cantidad y calidad del capital físico y la eficiencia.
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Liu, Yan, Rui Zhao, Xin Xiong y Xinyun Ren. "A Bibliometric Analysis of Consumer Neuroscience towards Sustainable Consumption". Behavioral Sciences 13, n.º 4 (31 de marzo de 2023): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13040298.
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Consumer neuroscience is a new paradigm for studying consumer behavior, focusing on neuroscientific tools to explore the underlying neural processes and behavioral implications of consumption. Based on the bibliometric analysis tools, this paper provides a review of progress in research on consumer neuroscience during 2000–2021. In this paper, we identify research hotspots and frontiers in the field through a statistical analysis of bibliometric indicators, including the number of publications, countries, institutions, and keywords. Aiming at facilitating carbon neutrality via sustainable consumption, this paper discusses the prospects of applying neuroscience to sustainable consumption. The results show 364 publications in the field during 2000–2021, showing a rapid upward trend, indicating that consumer neuroscience research is gaining ground. The majority of these consumer neuroscience studies chose to use electroencephalogram tools, accounting for 63.8% of the total publications; the cutting-edge research mainly involved event-related potential (ERP) studies of various marketing stimuli interventions, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-based studies of consumer decision-making and emotion-specific brain regions, and machine-learning-based studies of consumer decision-making optimization models.
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Poteser, Michael, Federica Laguzzi, Thomas Schettgen, Nina Vogel, Till Weber, Aline Murawski, Phillipp Schmidt et al. "Trends of Exposure to Acrylamide as Measured by Urinary Biomarkers Levels within the HBM4EU Biomonitoring Aligned Studies (2000–2021)". Toxics 10, n.º 8 (2 de agosto de 2022): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10080443.
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Acrylamide, a substance potentially carcinogenic in humans, represents a very prevalent contaminant in food and is also contained in tobacco smoke. Occupational exposure to higher concentrations of acrylamide was shown to induce neurotoxicity in humans. To minimize related risks for public health, it is vital to obtain data on the actual level of exposure in differently affected segments of the population. To achieve this aim, acrylamide has been added to the list of substances of concern to be investigated in the HBM4EU project, a European initiative to obtain biomonitoring data for a number of pollutants highly relevant for public health. This report summarizes the results obtained for acrylamide, with a focus on time-trends and recent exposure levels, obtained by HBM4EU as well as by associated studies in a total of seven European countries. Mean biomarker levels were compared by sampling year and time-trends were analyzed using linear regression models and an adequate statistical test. An increasing trend of acrylamide biomarker concentrations was found in children for the years 2014–2017, while in adults an overall increase in exposure was found to be not significant for the time period of observation (2000–2021). For smokers, represented by two studies and sampling for, over a total three years, no clear tendency was observed. In conclusion, samples from European countries indicate that average acrylamide exposure still exceeds suggested benchmark levels and may be of specific concern in children. More research is required to confirm trends of declining values observed in most recent years.
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Topçu, Emre. "Testing of Drought Exceedance Probability Index (DEPI) for Turkey using PERSIANN data for 2000-2021 period". Italian Journal of Agrometeorology, n.º 2 (27 de diciembre de 2021): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ijam-1308.
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Drought is a climatic event that threatens the environment and human life with an ambiguity of location and time. Recently, droughts can be analyzed for different periods with the help of different mathematical methods and developing technology. This study aims to perform a drought analysis in 126 designated study points of Turkey. The analyzed data includes monthly total precipitation values between March 2000 and February 2021, obtained from PERSIANN system (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks). Monthly precipitation totals of these designated points were used as input parameters in the Drought Exceedance Probability Index (DEPI) which is a new drought analysis method. The analysis was conducted separately for the whole of Turkey from January to December. Moreover, the findings were compared with the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), a globally accepted and commonly used drought index, to measure the drought detection performance of DEPI. SPI was calculated for periods of 6, 12 and 24 months. Pearson correlation coefficients between drought values of SPI-6, SPI-12 and SPI-24 and DEPI results were calculated. The second part of the study includes possible trend of drought determined by the Mann-Kendall trend analysis method. Both DEPI and SPI results and trend analysis results were mapped and visualized with the help of ArcGIS package program. The highest correlation is between DEPI and SPI-12 with 0.75, while the lowest correlation is between DEPI and SPI-24 with a value of 0.62. SPI monthly drought maps indicated the wettest months were January and February, while the driest months were March and July. Besides the DEPI monthly drought maps, the wettest months were October and November, while the driest months were May and June. The Mann-Kendall trend maps showed a significant increase in drought for summer.
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Pena-Regueiro, Jesús, Javier Estornell, Jesús Aguilar-Maldonado y Maria-Teresa Sebastiá-Frasquet. "Remote Sensing Temporal Reconstruction of the Flooded Area in “Tablas de Daimiel” Inland Wetland 2000–2021". Sensors 23, n.º 8 (19 de abril de 2023): 4096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23084096.
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Tablas de Daimiel National Park (TDNP) is a unique inland wetland located in the Mancha plain (Spain). It is recognized at the international level, and it is protected by different figures, such as Biosphere Reserve. However, this ecosystem is endangered due to aquifer overexploitation, and it is at risk of losing its protection figures. The objective of our study is to analyze the evolution of the flooded area between the year 2000 and 2021 by Landsat (5, 7 and 8) and Sentinel-2 images, and to assess the TDNP state through an anomaly analysis of the total water body surface. Several water indices were tested, but the NDWI index for Sentinel-2 (threshold −0.20), the MNDWI for Landsat-5 (threshold −0.15), and the MNDWI for Landsat-8 (threshold −0.25) showed the highest accuracy to calculate the flooded surface inside the protected area’s limits. During the period 2015–2021, we compared the performance of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 and an R2 value of 0.87 was obtained for this analysis, indicating a high correspondence between both sensors. Our results indicate a high variability of the flooded areas during the analyzed period with significant peaks, the most notorious in the second quarter of 2010. Minimum flooded areas were observed with negative precipitation index anomalies since fourth quarter of 2004 to fourth quarter of 2009. This period corresponds to a severe drought that affected this region and caused important deterioration. No significant correlation was observed between water surface anomalies and precipitation anomalies, and the significant correlation with flow and piezometric anomalies was moderate. This can be explained because of the complexity of water uses in this wetland, which includes illegal wells and the geological heterogeneity.
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Zhang, Yangyang, Jiaoyang Xu, Yunong Yao, Zhaogui Yan, Mingjun Teng y Pengcheng Wang. "What Is the Relationship between Natural Protected Areas and Stakeholders? Based on Literature Analysis from 2000–2021". Forests 13, n.º 5 (9 de mayo de 2022): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13050734.
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The establishment of natural protected areas (NPAs) is an effective means to deal with the degradation of ecosystems caused by climate change and human activities. The area and number of NPAs in the world have shown an obvious growth trend, and their development has ushered in a new bottleneck. More importantly, the management quality of NPAs should be improved, and the key to improving management quality lies in human beings, but the stakeholder groups involved in NPAs are often overlooked by policymakers. In this study, a quantitative review of the global scientific literature on NPAs stakeholders was conducted using a bibliometric approach. The research hotspots and trends, number, time, and countries were analyzed based on data from published articles. The stakeholder types and internal relationships in NPAs were summarized and mapped. The common problems of resources and community resident management among stakeholders were discussed. A total of 5584 research articles selected from the Web of Science core collection database were used as data sources and were visualized using VOSviewer and the Biblioshiny program in the R language. The results of the study help to reveal the mutual influence mechanism between stakeholders during the development of nature reserves and contribute to the sustainable development of global protected areas and human well-being.
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Pu, Lili, Xingpeng Chen, Chengpeng Lu, Li Jiang, Binbin Ma y Xuedi Yang. "Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Emissions of the Main Stream Area of the Yellow River Basin in Gansu, China". Atmosphere 12, n.º 10 (5 de octubre de 2021): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101296.
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In 2021, The People’s Republic of China proposed goals for peaking carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060, in the 15 counties (districts) of the Main Stream Area of the Yellow River Basin in Gansu that plays an important role in ecological protection and green development. Next the CO2 equivalents were converted according to the IPCC2 standard, the total agricultural GHG emissions was calculated, the relationship with the agricultural output value was analyzed, and the discretization of the space was analyzed by the coefficient of variation and standard deviation. Firstly, the total agricultural GHG emissions in 15 counties (districts) of the Main Stream Area of the Yellow River Basin increased 55.54% in 2000–2019, and 2.35% annually, roughly divided into three stages: the rapid growth period (2000–2008), the slow decline period (2009–2014) and the rapid decline period (2015–2019). The economic efficiency is significantly improved, with an average annual decline of 6.49%, roughly divided into three stages: the slow-descent stage (2000–2004), the period of slow-growth stage (2005–2008) and the period of fast-decline (2009–2019). Secondly, based on the characteristics of the total GHG emissions, Maqu County has the largest GHG emissions increase, from 26.8842 kt in 2000 to 38.9603 kt, in 2019, an increase of 44.92%, while the smallest GHG emissions, in Anning District, decreased 87.33% from 111 t in 2000 to 14.1 t in 2019; In the rate of increase in the total GHG emissions, Dongxiang County had the largest rate of increase from 2000 to 2019, an increase of 160.28% and an average annual increase of 4.90%. The smallest rate of decrease in GHG emissions was seen in Chengguan District, where they decreased 92.11% from 2000 to 2019, an average annual decrease of 11.93%. The characteristics of agricultural GHG emissions intensity is a significant declining trending and agricultural production efficiency has been significantly improved. Finally, to provide a basis for the formulation of differentiated agricultural energy conservation and emissions reduction policies, reduce agricultural GHG emissions intensity and reduce the use efficiency of resources by formulating differentiated emission targets, tasks and incentive measures.
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Singh, Ashangbam Inaoba y Kanwarpreet Singh. "Remote Sensing and GIS based Land Use Land Cover Analysis in Chandel District, Manipur, India". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012046.
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Abstract Rapid urbanization has dramatically altered land use and land cover (LULC). The focus of this research is on the examination of the last two decades. The research was conducted in the Chandel district of Manipur, India. The LULC of Chandel (encompassing a 3313 km2 geographical area) was mapped using remotely sensed images from LANDSAT4-5, LANDSAT 7 ETM+, and LANDSAT 8 (OLI) to focus on spatial and temporal trends between years 2000 and 2021. The LULC maps with six major classifications viz., Thickly Vegetated Area (TVA), Sparsely Vegetated Area (SVA), Agriculture Area (AA), Population Area (PA), Water Bodies (WB), and Barren Area (BA) of the were generated using supervised classification approach. For the image classification procedure, interactive supervised classification is adopted to calculate the area percentage. The results interpreted that the TVA covers approximately 65% of the total mapped area in year 2002, which has been decreased up to 60% in 2007, 56% in 2011, 55 % in 2017, and 52% in 2021. The populated area also increases significantly in these two decades. The change and increase in the PA has been observed from year 2000 (8%) to 2021 (11%). Water Bodies remain same throughout the study period. Deforestation occurs as a result of the rapid rise of the population and the extension of the territory.
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Isaac, Daniel, Roshni Kulkarni, Binh Le, Marilyn Manco-Johnson, Patricia Tobase y Mike Soucie. "Trends in Invasive Orthopedic Interventions in Patients with Hemophilia Enrolled in the Community Counts Program (2015-2021)". Blood 142, Supplement 1 (28 de noviembre de 2023): 5106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-181824.
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Background Recurrent joint bleeding due to hemophilia often leads to the development of chronic joint disease resulting in chronic pain, decreased joint function and a significant decline in quality of life. Invasive orthopedic interventions (IOI) such as arthroplasty and arthrodesis for end stage joint disease have historically been pursued to decrease pain and improve joint function especially in patients with severe hemophilia and joint disease. Using data collected on patients receiving care in a large network of hemophilia treatment centers in the United States (USHTCN), Tobase et al have previously reported a 5.6% decline in all IOI in patients with hemophilia during the period 2000-2010 (1). Aims The primary objective of the current analysis was to extend those findings using similar data collected during the period 2015-2021 with a focus on IOI indicative of end stage joint disease such as arthrodesis and arthroplasty. Data on IOI were collected annually during the period 2015-2021 from patients who participated in the Community Counts (CC) surveillance project at the 147 member USHTCN using standardized data collection tools. The proportion of patients having IOI in each year was calculated by dividing the total number of patients who reported an IOI by the total number of patients who had a CC visit in that year. Trends in proportions were plotted over time and assessed for statistical significance using the Cochran-Armitage trend test. Results In total, 8,378 CC patients with a diagnosis of hemophilia A or B, over the age of 2 years who completed a subsequent CC visit within last 12 months of last surveillance visit during the years 2015-2021 were included in this study. Enrollees reported a total of 28 arthrodesis and 168 arthroplasty procedures during a total of 21,082 clinic visits over the entire study period. We found that arthroplasty represented 42.6 %, 68.8%, 17.9%, 26.3%, and 7.4% of all procedures reported in the knee, hip, ankle, shoulder, and elbow, respectively (Figure 1). The rate of IOI during the study timeframe remained very low, with only 2.4% of all participants reporting an IOI. During 2015-2021 there was a statistically significant decline in IOI among all patients >=60 years of age (0.59% in 2015 vs. 0.27% in 2021) (p=0.0325) (Figure 2). Similarly, patients with severe hemophilia regardless of age experienced a significant decline in invasive procedures during the study period (1.69% in 2015 vs. 0.88% in 2021) (p=0.021). Conclusions The rates of IOI reported during the years 2015-2021 remained very low (~2.4%). This suggests less joint morbidity and a continued decline in the rates of end stage joint disease during the study period, likely due, at least in part, to improved therapy and early adoption of preventative factor replacement protocols. References 1. Tobase P, Lane H, Siddiqi AEA, et. al. Declining trends in invasive orthopedic interventions for people with hemophilia enrolled in the Universal Data Collection program (2000-2010). Haemophilia, 2016;22(4): 604-614.
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Silva, Bruna Fernanda Pacheco Pereira da, Vanessa Brandão de Vargas, Tamara Cassol Spagnolo Cansan y Eniz Conceição de Oliveira. "Ensino de ciências com enfoque CTS nos anos finais do ensino fundamental: uma revisão de literatura (2000-2021)". Research, Society and Development 11, n.º 7 (17 de mayo de 2022): e10611729741. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i7.29741.
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Este estudo objetivou mapear artigos publicados no Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, de nov./2000 a mar./2021 sobre ensino de Ciências nos Anos Inicias com enfoque em Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS). Com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, pesquisa descritiva e análise textual discursiva, cujos descritores foram Ensino de Ciências AND CTS, Ensino Fundamental AND CTS e Ensino Fundamental II AND CTS, obtendo-se um total 2.324 artigos, dos quais apenas 35 possuíam aproximação com o tema; as unidades de significados (US) foram escolhidas tendo em vista os objetivos descritos em cada artigo selecionado, onde, foi possível agrupar em três categorias emergentes: Formação de professores, Análise de livro didático, Abordagem CTS no ensino de Ciências. Tais categorias permitiram identificar os temas mais recorrentes, a frequência dessas publicações, a metodologia utilizada pelos autores, bem como a contribuição no campo do ensino de Ciências a partir da temática CTS. Constatou-se que na abordagem CTS, a primeira produção ocorreu em 2002; quanto ao tipo de metodologia, a pesquisa-ação e o levantamento bibliográfico ocorrem com maior frequência. Por fim, percebeu-se que o ensino de Ciências nos Anos Inicias com enfoque CTS é pouco utilizado no processo ensino e aprendizagem no país.
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Hemmings, Kelly. "Ancient woodland indicator species: can old herbarium specimens supplement recent records to inform ecological management?" Webbia 77, n.º 2 (15 de diciembre de 2022): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/jopt-13400.
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Old herbarium specimens have become increasingly well-recognised as a rich source of ecological baseline data. For long-continuity plant communities, such as ancient woodland, these records may be particularly important for present day ecological management. To evaluate this potential, searches for pre-1950 Ancient Woodland Indicator (AWI) herbarium specimens collected in East Gloucestershire, UK, were conducted using digital open access sources and the physical Royal Agricultural University herbarium. In total 305 specimens were retrieved from twelve herbaria, with small regional collections being particularly important sources. The earliest specimen dated to 1834. There was a significant association between old specimen availability and year of collection, due to a peak in the late-1800s and early-1900s. Over half of the AWI species for the region were represented, although some taxonomic bias was evident. To determine if old AWI specimens contributed any new location records, 246 unique specimens with detailed georeferences were mapped and compared to the locations of 1950-1999 and 2000-2021 biological records. One third of the pre-1950 specimens had not been recorded in the same locality since collection of the old specimen, indicating either a gap in recent records or floristic change. However, length of time since specimen collection was not a predictor of a 1950-2000 or 2000-2021 record in the same locality. Overall, it is highly recommended that policy-makers, land managers, and field surveyors consult old AWI herbarium records for ancient woodland identification, management, and restoration.
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Haile, Abebe Ayele, Berhanu Abraha Tsegay, Ali Seid, Wubet Adnew y Admasu Moges. "A Review on Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Respiratory Problems in Ethiopia over a Twenty-Year Period (2000–2021)". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (27 de junio de 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2935015.
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This review is aimed at assessing and compiling the different ethnomedicinal studies in different parts of Ethiopia used to treat respiratory diseases. The data were collected from different published research papers through searching the web sources such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and other related websites. The important search terminologies included ethnobotany, respiratory diseases, medicinal plants, and Ethiopia. For this, a total of 65 articles of recent publications (from 2000 to May 2021 years) that provided full information about the use of medicinal plant species to treat respiratory disorder diseases in Ethiopia were consulted. Based on this, a total of 96 medicinal plants belonging to 57 families were reviewed. The commonly recorded families used to manage respiratory problems were Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Solanaceae, and Fabaceae. Herbs and shrubs were the dominant plant growth forms. Due to the easiest form of their preparation for treating respiratory disorders, leaves are the most cited plant parts followed by roots. Crushing and pounding are useful methods of remedy preparation to treat respiratory diseases. This review concluded that different medicinal plants have a significant contribution in combating serious respiratory problems in Ethiopia. Hence, the complied review of medicinal plants on the treatment of respiratory problems would play a great role in further pharmacological and phytochemical investigations in developing new drugs used for the treatment of respiratory problems and in the conservation of these important medicinal plants.
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Zhao, Jie, Jie Mao y Jing Tan. "Global trends and hotspots in research on extended reality in sports: A bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2021". DIGITAL HEALTH 8 (enero de 2022): 205520762211311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20552076221131141.
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Objective Extended reality technologies (e.g. virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR)) are gaining popularity in sports owing to their unique advantages. This study aims to analyse the progress of the application of extended reality technology in sports and reveal its cooperative features, research hotspots and development trends. Methods We searched the literature in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database within the period 2000 to 2021 and conducted a bibliometric analysis. The analysis methods included statistical, co-occurrence, hierarchical clustering and social network analyses. Results A total of 340 articles were gathered. The literature related to its research showed an increasing trend over time. The paper collaboration rate was 90.88% (309/340 papers), and the degree of author collaboration was 3.96 (1345/340). VR was found to be the most productive journal, and Queen's University Belfast was the most productive institution. The United States, China and the United Kingdom were the three main contributors to the field. The foundational themes in sports extended reality research were (i) sports games and extended reality systems, (ii) virtual simulation devices and artificial intelligence, (iii) sports training and performance and (iv) age-appropriate physical activity, sports rehabilitation and physical education. Conclusion The level of author collaboration was low, but the degree of author collaboration is largely on the rise. The closeness of the collaboration between institutions and countries was also low. In addition, the subject of sport extended reality is relatively fragmented. Therefore, more research is needed to strengthen it in the future.
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Liu, Xin-Yu. "Application of Regression Analysis on the Impact of Various Factors on Lenovo Group’s Profits". Business Prospects 3, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52288/bp.27089851.2022.12.03.
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For an enterprise, profitability is the specific performance of business results in each link, one of the important indicators, and the most direct response to its ability to make profits. Lenovo Group has been on the Fortune 500 list continuously, with its total income increasing and ranking rising, but its profit has not maintained growth all the time. Using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, Unit root test, Johansen Cointegration Test, Granger Causality Test, and Vector Autoregressive Models (VAR), this paper establishes multiple regression equations to analyze the impact of various factors on its profits from 2000 to 2021 and helps Lenovo Group to improve its profitability while maintaining the continuous growth of total revenue.
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JAAFAR, H. S., A. A. ABD y A. S. AL-BAYATI. "VICIA FABA L. ASSESSMENT FOR GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS UNDER MAGNETIZED IRRIGATION WATER AND NANO-SEAWEED EXTRACT". SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics 54, n.º 5 (31 de diciembre de 2022): 1216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54910/sabrao2022.54.5.22.
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The latest study aimed to assess the response of the broad bean to the magnetically-treated irrigation water and foliar application of nano-seaweed extract for growth and productivity traits. This experiment took place during the growing season of 2020–2021 under field conditions at Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq. Turkish broad bean cultivar ‘Luz-de-otono’ was grown in a split-plot design by two factors with three replicates. The main plots received magnetized irrigation water with three diverse intensities (zero, 1000, and 2000 Gauss), while the nano-seaweed extract with three concentrations (0, 1, and 2 ml.L-1) in the subplots. On average, the magnetization treatment at 2000 Gauss attained significant improvement in the growth and morphological traits (plant height, branch number per plant, leaf number, leaf area, and total leaf chlorophyll content) and yield traits (pod number, pod weight, plant yield, and total yield), compared with the control that gave the lowest values. Nanoseaweed foliar application at 2 ml.L-1 also revealed a significant increase and improvement in the same growth, morphological, and yield-related traits aforementioned, compared with the control treatment that gave the minimum values. Correspondingly, the interaction between both factors (magnetization intensity 2000 Gauss + Seaweed at 2 ml.L-1) also showed significant effects and provided the highest averages of plant height (36.05 cm), branch number per plant (7.04 branch.plant-1), leaf number (72.19 leaves.plant-1), leaf area (3775.88 cm2.plant-1), and total leaf chlorophyll content (45.47 mg.100 g-1 FW) and yield traits: pod number (19.11 pods.plant-1), pod weight (26.87 g), plant yield (513.49 g), and total yield (11.61 t.ha-1), compared with the control treatment.
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Lochrin, Sarah Elizabeth, Oana Deac, Jacintha O'Sullivan, Moya Cunningham, Narayanasamy Ravi, Claire L. Donohoe, Grainne M. O'Kane, John V. Reynolds y Maeve Aine Lowery. "Clinicopathologic features of early-onset (EO) esophageal and gastric cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, n.º 4_suppl (1 de febrero de 2023): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.4_suppl.472.
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472 Background: The rates of gastric (GC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) among individuals younger than age 50 years have increased by 30% and 50%, respectively, over the past three decades in the US. There is limited information on incidence and demographics for EO esophageal and gastric cancer in Europe. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the prospectively maintained upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer database in St James’s Hospital (SJH), the National Centre for Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer in Ireland. We reviewed all cases diagnosed with esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC) less than or equal to 50 years of age from 2000 to 2021. Results: From 2000 to 2021, 374 EO EA & GC cases were identified, 8% of the 4663 total EC & GC cases. The results are presented in the table. Conclusions: The major presenting symptoms for EO-UGI cancer were dysphagia, weight loss and dyspepsia, further investigation is warranted in young patients presenting with these symptoms, even in the absence of elevated BMI or other known risk factors for malignancy. A high proportion have advanced disease at diagnosis despite good PS and clinical outcomes are poor. There is a critical need to understand the pathogenesis of EO-UGI cancers to determine optimal strategies for prevention and management.[Table: see text]
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Zhao, Fengmei, Chaoli Tang, Xiaomin Tian, Xin Wu, Congming Dai y Heli Wei. "The Global Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Ice Cloud Optical Thickness Based on MODIS Satellite Data during 2000–2021". Atmosphere 14, n.º 6 (3 de junio de 2023): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14060977.
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Ice cloud optical thickness (IOT) is an important parameter to characterize ice cloud properties and in the determination of cloud–radiation parameterization schemes, and the variation trend of ice clouds is more concerned with the study of weather and climate. In this paper, we analyzed the spatial and temporal distributions of IOT over the region between ±60° latitude. Cloud product data from March 2000 to February 2021 acquired from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA’s Aqua satellite were used in this study. Theil–Sen median trend analysis and EOF analysis methods were used to study the variation trend of IOT. The research results indicate that the monthly average IOT shows a “W” distribution from January to December, with a maximum reached in July (12.15) and a double bottom reached in March (10.7) and October (10.99), respectively. The average global IOT reaches the maximum in June–August, it tends to decrease with time, and its slope is −0.01 year−1. The statistical analysis results show that the area with an increase accounted for 49.4% of the total ice cloud coverage area; the area with a trend of significant increased and decreased is both 2.2%. The probability distribution of IOT reaches the maximum, around 3.25%, when the IOT is larger than 1.5 and less than or equal to 2.
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Ettehadi Osgouei, P. y Ş. Kaya. "A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION OF SATELLITE-BASED AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH IN MARMARA REGION OF TURKIYE DURING 2000–2021". International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-M-1-2023 (15 de agosto de 2023): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-m-1-2023-509-2023.
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Abstract. This study investigates the spatiotemporal variability of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the atmosphere over the Marmara region, Turkiye. Long-term satellite observations from MODIS MAIAC AOD data spanning the period from 2000 to 2021 are utilized. Examining the temporal variations in AOD in the Marmara region, it is observed that AOD reaches its peak during spring (May) and summer (August) months, while lower AOD values are observed in winter. Specifically, between August and December, there is a significant decline in monthly mean AOD which is majorly due to particulate removal from the atmosphere via precipitation scavenging. The findings reveal that the inter-annual variability of monthly AOD variations in the Marmara region is primarily influenced by temporary Saharan dust transportation with highest deviations from 22 year averaged AOD in late winters and early springs. The findings from the analysis of seasonal spatial variation of high AOD values revealed that the high AOD area is largest in the summer with about 54% of the total area and then spring (45%) and autumn (26%). Winter has the lowest HVA with 17% of the total area. The seasonal percentage rates of HVA are due to atmospheric conditions and aerosol sources. Larger HVA in summer is due to the increase of farming practices and biomass residue burnings combined with high moisture absorption effects and high temperature. The heating-specific emissions are the main source of anthropogenic emissions over the high AOD areas during the autumn and winter and aerosols are concentrated over the urbanized centres and industrialized zones.
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Abadi, Abbas Ranjbar Saadat, Nasim Hossein Hamzeh, Karim Shukurov, Christian Opp y Umesh Chandra Dumka. "Long-Term Investigation of Aerosols in the Urmia Lake Region in the Middle East by Ground-Based and Satellite Data in 2000–2021". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 15 (8 de agosto de 2022): 3827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153827.
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Dried lake beds are some of the largest sources of dust in the world and have caused environmental problems in the surrounding areas in recent decades. In the present work, we studied the monthly and annual occurrence of dust storms at selected weather stations around Urmia Lake in northwestern (NW) Iran. Furthermore, we investigated the variations in the daily aerosol optical depth (AOD at 550 nm) and the Ångström exponent (at 412/470 nm), as well as the vertical profile of the total aerosol extinction coefficient and AOD at 532 nm, using space-borne MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Aqua and CALIPSO Satellite LiDAR data over the Urmia Lake region (36–39°N, 44–47°E). The monthly variations of AOD550 and AOD532 for the regions 37–39°N and 46–59°E were compared, and it was found that the CALIPSO AOD532 and MODIS AOD532 (reconstructed using the Ångström exponent) were in good agreement. In general, the dust storms during 2000–2021 increased the AOD550 above average around the Urmia Lake. The vertical profile of aerosols showed that the largest contribution to total aerosol loading over the Urmia Lake was from 1.5–3 km, 1.5–4 km, 1.5–5 km, and 1.5–3 km during winter, spring, summer, and autumn seasons, respectively.
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Defaye, Baptiste, Sara Moutailler, Vanina Pasqualini y Yann Quilichini. "A Systematic Review of the Distribution of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Wild Animals and Their Ticks in the Mediterranean Rim between 2000 and 2021". Microorganisms 10, n.º 9 (16 de septiembre de 2022): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091858.
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Tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) can be divided into three groups: bacteria, parasites, and viruses. They are transmitted by a wide range of tick species and cause a variety of human, animal, and zoonotic diseases. A total of 148 publications were found on tick-borne pathogens in wild animals, reporting on 85 species of pathogens from 35 tick species and 17 wild animal hosts between 2000 and February 2021. The main TBPs reported were of bacterial origin, including Anaplasma spp. and Rickettsia spp. A total of 72.2% of the TBPs came from infected ticks collected from wild animals. The main tick genus positive for TBPs was Ixodes. This genus was mainly reported in Western Europe, which was the focus of most of the publications (66.9%). It was followed by the Hyalomma genus, which was mainly reported in other areas of the Mediterranean Rim. These TBPs and TBP-positive tick genera were reported to have come from a total of 17 wild animal hosts. The main hosts reported were game mammals such as red deer and wild boars, but small vertebrates such as birds and rodents were also found to be infected. Of the 148 publications, 12.8% investigated publications on Mediterranean islands, and 36.8% of all the TBPs were reported in seven tick genera and 11 wild animal hosts there. The main TBP-positive wild animals and tick genera reported on these islands were birds and Hyalomma spp. Despite the small percentage of publications focusing on ticks, they reveal the importance of islands when monitoring TBPs in wild animals. This is especially true for wild birds, which may disseminate their ticks and TBPs along their migration path.
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El Nadia, Nada, Masadah, Muhammad Yazid, Muhammad Iqbal Surya Pratikto y Nurul Fatma Hasan. "Implementasi Akad Mudharabah Mutlaqah Pada Tabungan Haji IB Amanah Terhadap Profitabilitas PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Timur Tbk." El-Qist: Journal of Islamic Economics and Business (JIEB) 13, n.º 1 (20 de junio de 2023): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/elqist.2023.13.1.16-34.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan mengenai bagaimana implementasi akad Mudharabah Mutlaqah pada Tabungan Haji IB Amanah dan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap profitabilitas PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Timur Tbk. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa, 1) Implementasi akad mudharabah mutlaqah pada Tabungan Haji IB Amanah di PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Timur Tbk sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan fatwa DSN-MUI No.02/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 Tentang Tabungan dengan prinsip mudharabah. 2) Bank mendapatkan bagian 90% atas bagi hasil Tabungan Haji IB Amanah, profitabilitas yang diperoleh Bank dari Tabungan Haji IB Amanah di tahun 2019 adalah Rp17.998.535.314 menyumbang 1,31% dari laba tahun berjalan senilai Rp1.376.505 T. Kemudian, profitabilitas yang diperoleh Bank dari Tabungan Haji IB Amanah di tahun 2020 adalah Rp18.503.080.413 menyumbang 1,25% dari laba tahun berjalan senilai Rp1.488.962 T. Sedangkan profitabilitas yang diperoleh Bank dari Tabungan Haji IB Amanah di tahun 2021 sebesar Rp19.340.802.000 menyumbang 1,27% dari total laba tahun berjalan 2021 senilai Rp1.523.070 T. This study aims to answer questions about how implementing the Mudharabah Mutlaqah contract on Hajj IB Amanah Savings affects the profitability of PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Timur Tbk. This study's research type was field research using qualitative research methods and a descriptive approach. The research results obtained show that; 1) The implementation of the mudharabah mutlaqah contract on IB Amanah Hajj Savings at PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Timur Tbk is following the provisions of the DSN-MUI fatwa No.02/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 concerning Savings with the principle of mudharabah. 2) The Bank gets a 90% share of the profit sharing of the Amanah Hajj IB Savings; the profitability obtained by the Bank from the Amanah Hajj IB Savings in 2019 is IDR 17,998,535,314 contributing 1.31% of the profit for the year amounting to IDR 1,376,505 T. Then, the profitability obtained by the Bank from the IB Amanah Hajj Savings in 2020 was IDR 18,503,080,413, contributing 1.25% of the current year’s profit of IDR 1,488,962 T. Meanwhile, the profitability obtained by the Bank from the Amanah Hajj IB Savings in 2021 was IDR 19,340,802,000 contributed 1.27% of the total profit for the year 2021 of IDR 1,523,070 T.
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Rajwar, Eti, Prachi Pundir, Sanjana Challa, Alyssa Maria Prince, Shradha S. Parsekar y Tobias Vogt. "A Scoping Review of Income Support Programs Offered to Older Adults Living in South Asian Countries between 2000 and 2021". Health & Social Care in the Community 2024 (12 de abril de 2024): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/1711756.
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Income support programs (ISPs) are important social policy measures to reduce the risk of poverty among older adults. Over the years, developing countries including South Asian countries have introduced various ISPs to support the older population. This scoping review will provide information on ISPs for older adults in South Asia and will map the evidence available on the impact of these programs. This scoping review uses the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) methodology. Older adults living in South Asia were included, and ISPs were considered as the “concept.” Eight electronic databases and organizational/governmental websites were searched for English language publications from January 2000 to May 2021. Four authors independently screened and extracted the data and analyzed it by descriptive statistics. A total of 115 studies provided information on ISPs for older adults and 25 on the impact of these programs. The identified studies covered all types of ISPs; however, government-sponsored or pillar 0 (ISP classification) programs were the most common. They also covered a vast spectrum of all types of study designs. The most common schemes are social pensions that work towards sustainable development goals (Goal 1.3) of social protection for all. Future research should focus on studying the impact of ISPs and expanding the ISPs for older adults in low-coverage countries.