Artículos de revistas: "Three-dimensional photography"

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Jacobs, Robert A. "Three-Dimensional Photography". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 107, n.º 1 (enero de 2001): 276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200101000-00049.

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Lunazzi, Jose J. "Three-dimensional photography by holography". Optical Engineering 29, n.º 1 (1990): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.55558.

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3

Latto, Richard y Bernard Harper. "The Non-Realistic Nature of Photography: Further Reasons Why Turner Was Wrong". Leonardo 40, n.º 3 (junio de 2007): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2007.40.3.243.

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The authors discuss the limitations of photography in producing representations that lead to the accurate perception of shapes. In particular, they consider two situations in which the photographic representation, although an accurate reproduction of the geometry of the two-dimensional image in the eye, does not capture the way human vision changes this geometry to produce a three-dimensionally accurate perception. When looking at a photograph, the viewer's uncertainty of the camera-to-subject distance and the fact that, unnaturally, a photograph presents almost exactly the same view of an object to the two eyes result in substantially distorted perceptions. These most commonly result in a perceived flattening and fattening of the 3D shape of the object being photographed.

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4

Machida, Kenji. "Three-Dimensional Stress Analysis by Three-dimensional Local Hybrid Method". Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (marzo de 2006): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.523.

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In the displacement measurement inside a specimen by speckle photography, it is not easy to get clear Young's fringes images. Stress-intensity factors of mixed mode can be estimated by embedded speckle photography. However, the error of the stress intensity factor inside a specimen was considerably large. To evaluate the 3-D stress field inside the specimen from displacement data on the free surface obtained from the 2-D intelligent hybrid method, we developed the 3-D local hybrid method based on an inverse problem analysis. The accuracy of the 3-D local hybrid method varies depending on the depth of the plane of error assessment, hybrid domain size, and specimen thickness. Hence the optimal analysis conditions were discussed.

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Kilcullen, Patrick, Cheng Jiang, Tsuneyuki Ozaki y Jinyang Liang. "Camera-free three-dimensional dual photography". Optics Express 28, n.º 20 (17 de septiembre de 2020): 29377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.402310.

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6

Nicholson, Paul T. "Three-dimensional imaging in archaeology: its history and future". Antiquity 75, n.º 288 (junio de 2001): 402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00061056.

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Whilst digital cameras and computer graphics are starting to be used in archaeological recording, stereoscopic photography tends to be overlooked. This technique has been used successfully in three recent projects and could be beneficial as a means of 3D photographic recording.

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7

Young, R. N. "Two dimensional landscape photography and the three dimensional landscape". Landscape Research 17, n.º 1 (marzo de 1992): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426399208706357.

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8

Martins, Carolina, Luiz Felipe Alencastro, Alvaro Campero y Albert Rhoton. "Three-Dimensional Endoscopic Photography of Anatomic Specimens". World Neurosurgery 120 (diciembre de 2018): e730-e736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08.150.

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9

Pierce, Kathleen. "Photograph as Skin, Skin as Wax: Indexicality and the Visualisation of Syphilis in Fin-de-Siècle France The William Bynum Prize Essay". Medical History 64, n.º 1 (19 de diciembre de 2019): 116–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2019.79.

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In early twentieth-century France, syphilis and its controversial status as a hereditary disease reigned as a chief concern for physicians and public health officials. As syphilis primarily presented visually on the surface of the skin, its study fell within the realms of both dermatologists and venereologists, who relied heavily on visual evidence in their detection, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease. Thus, in educational textbooks, atlases, and medical models, accurately reproducing the visible signposts of syphilis – the colour, texture, and patterns of primary chancres or secondary rashes – was of preeminent importance. Photography, with its potential claims to mechanical objectivity, would seem to provide the logical tool for such representations.Yet photography’s relationship to syphilographie warrants further unpacking. Despite the rise of a desire for mechanical objectivity charted in the late nineteenth century, artist-produced, three-dimensional, wax-cast moulages coexisted with photographs as significant educational tools for dermatologists; at times, these models were further mediated through photographic reproduction in texts. Additionally, the rise of phototherapy complicated this relationship by fostering the clinical equation of the light-sensitive photographic plate with the patient’s skin, which became the photographic record of disease and successful treatment. This paper explores these complexities to delineate a more nuanced understanding of objectivity vis-à-vis photography and syphilis. Rather than a desire to produce an unbiased image, fin-de-siècle dermatologists marshalled the photographic to exploit the verbal and visual rhetoric of objectivity, authority, and persuasion inextricably linked to culturally constructed understandings of the photograph. This rhetoric was often couched in the Peircean concept of indexicality, which physicians formulated through the language of witness, testimony, and direct connection.

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10

Honeybrook, Adam, Jason D. Bloom, Charles Woodard y Eric F. Bernstein. "Three-Dimensional Photography for Measuring Volumetric Changes After Submental Cryolipolysis". American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 35, n.º 3 (19 de febrero de 2018): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748806818754440.

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High-resolution 3-dimensional photography offers unparalleled advantages in objective and detailed skin contour characterization, quantification, volumetric and surface area analysis. This study aims to illustrate the benefits of 3-dimensional photography through analysis of noninvasive reduction of submental fat using cryolipolysis. A nonrandomized prospective analysis was performed of 14 selected patients who underwent treatment with cryolipolysis (CoolSculpting System; Zeltiq) between February and June 2016. The benefits of 3-dimensional photography (Vectra; Canfield Scientific) are presented. High-quality 3-dimensional images are presented to illustrate the utility of 3-dimensional photography as a means to quantitatively evaluate changes in submental volume, fat thickness, and surface area reduction, thereby exemplifying the broad applicability of this imaging technique. Three-dimensional photography technology provides clinicians with enhanced options that extend beyond simple 2-dimensional photography. Our study illustrates the benefits of the technology for accurately measuring volumetric changes after submental cryolipolysis treatment.

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11

Klosterman, Tristan y Thomas Romo III. "Three-Dimensional Printed Facial Models in Rhinoplasty". Facial Plastic Surgery 34, n.º 02 (21 de febrero de 2018): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632398.

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AbstractDigital patient photography and morphing software have become an important part of rhinoplasty over the past few decades. Presented is a novel technology incorporating 3D photography and printing to produce life-size models for use in patient evaluation and treatment. Surveys were conducted to assess patient response and were universally positive. Early surgeon experience also indicates benefit for intraoperative use. Three-dimensional printing and modeling is a new technology that has exciting applications for rhinoplasty and facial plastic surgery.

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12

Navarro, Hector, Adrian Dorado, Genaro Saavedra y Manuel Martinez Corral. "Three-Dimensional Imaging and Display through Integral Photography". Journal of information and communication convergence engineering 12, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2014): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jicce.2014.12.2.089.

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13

Okano, Fumio. "Three-dimensional video system based on integral photography". Optical Engineering 38, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 1999): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.602152.

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14

Eastwood, Peter, Syed Zulqarnain Gilani, Nigel McArdle, David Hillman, Jennifer Walsh, Kathleen Maddison, Mithran Goonewardene y Ajmal Mian. "Predicting sleep apnea from three-dimensional face photography". Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 16, n.º 4 (15 de abril de 2020): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8246.

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15

McKay, Douglas R., Kristen M. Davidge, Susanne K. Williams, Lloyd A. Ellis, David K. Chong, Rodrigo P. Teixeira, Andrew L. Greensmith y Anthony D. Holmes. "Measuring Cranial Vault Volume With Three-Dimensional Photography". Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 21, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2010): 1419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0b013e3181ebe92a.

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16

Jacobs, J. W. y I. Catton. "Three-dimensional Rayleigh-Taylor instability Part 2. Experiment". Journal of Fluid Mechanics 187 (febrero de 1988): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112088000461.

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Three-dimensional Rayleigh-Taylor instability, induced by accelerating a small volume of water down a vertical tube using air pressure, is investigated. Two geometries are studied: a 15.875 cm circular tube and a 12.7 cm square tube. Runs were made with initial disturbances in the form of standing waves forced by shaking the test section in a lateral direction. Accelerations ranging from 5 to 10 times gravitational acceleration and wavenumbers from 1 cm−1 to 8 cm−1 are studied. The resulting instability was recorded and later analysed using high-speed motion picture photography. Measurements of the growth rate are found to agree well with linear theory. In addition, good qualitative agreement between photographs and three-dimensional surface plots of the weakly nonlinear solution of Part 1 of this series (Jacobs & Catton 1988) is obtained.

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17

Zhang Wenjing, 张文静, 黄芳 Huang Fang y 王文生 Wang Wensheng. "Three-Dimensional Deformation Testing Based on Laser Speckle Photography". Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 48, n.º 11 (2011): 111202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop48.111202.

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18

Galdino, Greg M., Maurice Nahabedian, Michael Chiaramonte, Jason Z. Geng, Stanley Klatsky y Paul Manson. "Clinical Applications of Three-Dimensional Photography in Breast Surgery". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 110, n.º 1 (julio de 2002): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-200207000-00012.

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19

Tu, Liyun, Antonio R. Porras, Andinet Enquobahrie, Graham C. Buck, B.S., Deki Tsering, M.S., Samantha Horvath, Robert Keating, Albert K. Oh, Gary F. Rogers y Marius George Linguraru. "Automated Measurement of Intracranial Volume Using Three-Dimensional Photography". Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 146, n.º 3 (27 de mayo de 2020): 314e—323e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000007066.

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20

Jordan, Michel y Jean-Pierre Cocquerez. "Three-dimensional description of scenes observed in aerial photography". Pattern Recognition 28, n.º 7 (julio de 1995): 931–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-3203(94)00143-a.

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21

Westbroek, David y Michael Douek. "P103. Three-dimensional breast digital photography: Beyond just imaging". European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO) 38, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2012): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejso.2012.07.224.

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22

Kong, Camillia. "Ethical dangers of facial phenotyping through photography in psychiatric genomics studies". Journal of Medical Ethics 45, n.º 11 (30 de julio de 2019): 730–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105478.

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Psychiatric genomics research protocols are increasingly incorporating tools of deep phenotyping to observe and examine phenotypic abnormalities among individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. In particular, photography and the use of two-dimensional and three-dimensional facial analysis is thought to shed further light on the phenotypic expression of the genes underlying neurodevelopmental disorders, as well as provide potential diagnostic tools for clinicians. In this paper, I argue that the research use of photography to aid facial phenotyping raises deeply fraught issues from an ethical point of view. First, the process of objectification through photographic imagery and facial analysis could potentially worsen the stigmatisation of persons with neurodevelopmental disorders. Second, the use of photography for facial phenotyping has worrying parallels with the historical misuse of photography to advance positive and negative eugenics around race, ethnicity and intellectual disability. The paper recommends ethical caution in the use of photography and facial phenotyping in psychiatric genomics studies exploring neurodevelopmental disorders, outlining certain necessary safeguards, such as a critical awareness of the history of anthropometric photography use among scientists, as well as the exploration of photographic methodologies that could potentially empower individuals with disabilities.

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23

Pruna, Andres y Robert L. Mairs. "Panoramic Reconstruction of the Sea Floor Environment, Using Underwater Photography, Direct Observations, and Field Sketches". Marine Technology Society Journal 40, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2006): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533206787353574.

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Graphic illustration by a scientifically trained artist provides a panoramic view of the sea floor unobtainable directly by photography. Detailed photographs, direct observations, and field sketches are combined to produce a photographically documented hypsographic reconstruction of the sea floor. Dry submersible or diver traverses show only a sequence of closeup photographs because of the visibility limitations presented by the ocean environment. At present the large scale aspects of the topography are best developed from direct observations. The underwater photographs arranged in traverse sequence serve to refresh the memory and provide topographic, geologic, and biologic detail. The resulting detailed illustration gives a three dimensional composite panorama of the sea floor. This combined artist-photographic technique has been applied to: submarine cable routing, habitat emplacement, and geological and biological reconnaissance.

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LaViolette, Peter S., Scott D. Rand, Manoj Raghavan, Benjamin M. Ellingson, Kathleen M. Schmainda y Wade Mueller. "Three-Dimensional Visualization of Subdural Electrodes for Presurgical Planning". Operative Neurosurgery 68, suppl_1 (1 de marzo de 2011): ons152—ons161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e31820783ba.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Accurate localization and visualization of subdural electrodes implanted for intracranial electroencephalography in cases of medically refractory epilepsy remains a challenging clinical problem. OBJECTIVE: We introduce a technique for creating accurate 3-dimensional (3D) brain models with electrode overlays, ideal for resective surgical planning. METHODS: Our procedure uses postimplantation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic (CT) imaging to create 3D models of compression-affected brain combined with intensity-thresholded CT-derived electrode models using freely available software. Footprints, or “shadows,” beneath electrodes are also described for better visualization of sulcus-straddling electrodes. Electrode models were compared with intraoperative photography for validation. RESULTS: Realistic representations of intracranial electrode positions on patient-specific postimplantation MRI brain renderings were reliably created and proved accurate when compared with photographs. Electrodes placed interhemispherically were also visible with our rendering technique. Electrode shadows were useful in locating electrodes that straddle sulci. CONCLUSION: We present an accurate method for visualizing subdural electrodes on brain compression effected 3D models that serves as an ideal platform for surgical planning.

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Mckinnery, P. W. "Three-Dimensional Photography and Its Application to Facial Plastic Surgery". Yearbook of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery 2006 (enero de 2006): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-1513(08)70366-7.

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Nakajima, S., K. Nakamura, K. Masamune, I. Sakuma y T. Dohi. "Three-dimensional medical imaging display with computer-generated integral photography". Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 25, n.º 3 (mayo de 2001): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0895-6111(00)00078-1.

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Taylor, Jesse A. y Sameer Shakir. "Discussion: Automated Measurement of Intracranial Volume Using Three-Dimensional Photography". Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery 146, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2020): 324e—325e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000007126.

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Lee, Samson. "Three-Dimensional Photography and Its Application to Facial Plastic Surgery". Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery 6, n.º 6 (1 de noviembre de 2004): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfaci.6.6.410.

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Motoyoshi, Mitsuru, Shinkichi Namura y Harold Y. Arai. "A three-dimensional measuring system for the human face using three-directional photography". American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics 101, n.º 5 (mayo de 1992): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(92)70117-s.

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Li Xiaobin, 李晓斌, 梁祖鸿 Liang Zuhong, 李勇 Li Yong, 肖琪 Xiao Qi y 周游 Zhou You. "基于激光雷达三维扫描和倾斜摄影的线路空间关系检测". Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 58, n.º 16 (2021): 1628003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202158.1628003.

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31

W. Schindler, Alexander. "Reflections on Photogrammetry". Membrana Journal of Photography, Vol. 3, no. 1 (2018): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47659/m4.034.art.

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This article presents an overview of the history, principles, and current developments in the media technological field of photogrammetry. By chronicling the isomorphic shift taking place in image capturing, we seek to show that photogrammetry has led the way forward in seeing technical images not only as two dimensional projections, but as three-dimensional model-based images. In the mid-nineteenth century, photogrammetry was first used for the documentation of architectural objects and it later became a standard technique in aerial photography. Although its fields of application have become more extensive, photogrammetry’s basic principle hasn’t fundamentally changed: it is still defined as the three- dimensional geometric reconstruction of two-dimensional photographs through the measuring of reference points. With digital technological standards and advances in camera technology, photogrammetric imaging nowadays is intensively used for object recognition in machine vision and robotics. Beside this, photogrammetry is also opening new possibilities for documentation in the fields of investigative arts, this being explored with a discussion on the “Ground Truth” project from Forensic Architecture. Keywords: investigative art, machine vision, object recognition, photogrammetry, photography

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Akkara, JohnDavis, Ahmed Ateya y Anju Kuriakose. "Custom-made three-dimensional-printed adapter for smartphone slit-lamp photography". Kerala Journal of Ophthalmology 32, n.º 1 (2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/kjo.kjo_12_20.

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Weissler, Jason M., Carrie S. Stern, Jillian E. Schreiber, Bardia Amirlak y Oren M. Tepper. "The Evolution of Photography and Three-Dimensional Imaging in Plastic Surgery". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 139, n.º 3 (marzo de 2017): 761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000003146.

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34

Derenyi, Eugene E. y Laurence Newton. "Accuracy of three dimensional coordinate determination using large format camera photography". Cartography 16, n.º 1 (marzo de 1987): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00690805.1987.10438347.

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35

Oranges, Carlo M., Florian M. Thieringer, Daniel F. Kalbermatten, Martin Haug y Dirk J. Schaefer. "The Evolution of Photography and Three-Dimensional Imaging in Plastic Surgery". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 141, n.º 1 (enero de 2018): 196e—197e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000004005.

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Wilbrand, Jan-Falco, Alexander Szczukowski, Joerg-Christoph Blecher, Joern Pons-Kuehnemann, Petros Christophis, Hans-Peter Howaldt y Heidrun Schaaf. "Objectification of cranial vault correction for craniosynostosis by three-dimensional photography". Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 40, n.º 8 (diciembre de 2012): 726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2012.01.007.

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37

García-Mato, David, Mónica García-Sevilla, Antonio R. Porras, Santiago Ochandiano, Juan V. Darriba-Allés, Roberto García-Leal, José I. Salmerón, Marius George Linguraru y Javier Pascau. "Three-dimensional photography for intraoperative morphometric analysis in metopic craniosynostosis surgery". International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 16, n.º 2 (8 de enero de 2021): 277–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11548-020-02301-0.

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38

Tausendfreund, Andreas, Dirk Stöbener y Andreas Fischer. "In-Process Measurement of Three-Dimensional Deformations Based on Speckle Photography". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 11 (28 de mayo de 2021): 4981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114981.

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In the concept of the process signature, the relationship between a material load and the modification remaining in the workpiece is used to better understand and optimize manufacturing processes. The basic prerequisite for this is to be able to measure the loads occurring during the machining process in the form of mechanical deformations. Speckle photography is suitable for this in-process measurement task and is already used in a variety of ways for in-plane deformation measurements. The shortcoming of this fast and robust measurement technique based on image correlation techniques is that out-of-plane deformations in the direction of the measurement system cannot be detected and increases the measurement error of in-plane deformations. In this paper, we investigate a method that infers local out-of-plane motions of the workpiece surface from the decorrelation of speckle patterns and is thus able to reconstruct three-dimensional deformation fields. The implementation of the evaluation method enables a fast reconstruction of 3D deformation fields, so that the in-process capability remains given. First measurements in a deep rolling process show that dynamic deformations underneath the die can be captured and demonstrate the suitability of the speckle method for manufacturing process analysis.

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Che, Defu, Zonghui Li, Yining Liu, Renqing Zhong y Baodong Ma. "A New Method of Achieving Single Three-Dimensional Building Model Automatically Based on Oblique Photography Data". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (16 de septiembre de 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5521933.

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Operating and managing single three-dimensional building model individually are critical in the application of oblique photography models. However, these models are usually complete and continuous, and the single three-dimensional building model in these models cannot be managed individually. Generally, achieving a single three-dimensional building model requires a human-computer interaction to determine the cutting range, but this process is time-consuming and inefficient. To overcome this problem, this study proposed a new method for automatically achieving single three-dimensional building model without the need for human-computer interaction. First, the point clouds of an oblique photography model are divided into virtual grids, and the point clouds in each virtual grid are seen as a whole. In this way, the number of point clouds involved in the calculation is reduced, thereby improving computing efficiency. Second, the point clouds of a building facade are extracted by setting the height difference. By comparing the height difference between the highest point and the lowest point of the grid with height difference threshold, all point clouds in the grid that do not meet the requirements are eliminated. Third, the point clouds of the building facade are classified, and the contour line is extracted by the classified point clouds. Finally, the single three-dimensional building model is achieved by reconstructing the triangles that intersect with the extracted contour line. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively achieve single bodies automatically from an oblique photography building model. This method is then useful for achieving single three-dimensional building model from massive oblique photography data.

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Dueholm, K. S. "Geologic photogrammetry using standard small-frame cameras". Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 156 (1 de enero de 1992): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/rapggu.v156.8187.

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Multi-model photogrammetry enables precise three-dimensional measurements from strips or blocks of overlapping small-frame photographs (colour slides). The method can be used for geo-scientific terrain analysis and mapping. Of special interest is the ability to map otherwise inaccessible terrain features such as geological outcrops on steep mountain faces and canyon walls. Field photography is carried out without special photogrammetric training using ordinary small-frame cameras. Photographs can be taken at any scale and angle from terrestrial stations, helicopters, light planes, or boats. In the laboratory, strips or blocks of small-frame photographs are set up in an analytical stereo-plotter where multiple stereoscopic model pairs are simultaneously orientated. Interpretation and compilation is continuous across model boundaries. Data can be plotted in many different projections. The multi-model photogrammetric technique is explained and procedures are outlined for camera calibration, photography, and acquisition of ground-control information.

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41

Yagmurlu, Kaan, Albert L. Rhoton, Necmettin Tanriover y Jeffrey A. Bennett. "Three-Dimensional Microsurgical Anatomy and the Safe Entry Zones of the Brainstem". Operative Neurosurgery 10, n.º 4 (30 de junio de 2014): 602–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000466.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: There have been no studies of the structure and safe surgical entry zones of the brainstem based on fiber dissection studies combined with 3-dimensional (3-D) photography. OBJECTIVE: To examine the 3-D internal architecture and relationships of the proposed safe entry zones into the midbrain, pons, and medulla. METHODS: Fifteen formalin and alcohol-fixed human brainstems were dissected by using fiber dissection techniques, ×6 to ×40 magnification, and 3-D photography to define the anatomy and the safe entry zones. The entry zones evaluated were the perioculomotor, lateral mesencephalic sulcus, and supra- and infracollicular areas in the midbrain; the peritrigeminal zone, supra- and infrafacial approaches, acoustic area, and median sulcus above the facial colliculus in the pons; and the anterolateral, postolivary, and dorsal medullary sulci in the medulla. RESULTS: The safest approach for lesions located below the surface is usually the shortest and most direct route. Previous studies have often focused on surface structures. In this study, the deeper structures that may be at risk in each of the proposed safe entry zones plus the borders of each entry zone were defined. This study includes an examination of the relationships of the cerebellar peduncles, long tracts, intra-axial segments of the cranial nerves, and important nuclei of the brainstem to the proposed safe entry zones. CONCLUSION: Fiber dissection technique in combination with the 3-D photography is a useful addition to the goal of making entry into the brainstem more accurate and safe.

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Staples, Amy J. "Visualism and the Authentification of the Object: Reflections on the Eliot Elisofon Collection at the National Museum of African Art". Collections: A Journal for Museum and Archives Professionals 3, n.º 2 (junio de 2007): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155019060700300209.

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Photographic resources are well known within museum contexts. However, these images are rarely considered in terms of how they enhance the historical value of museum objects, construct aesthetic and ethnographic meanings, and interpret museum collection practices. This paper examines the multi-media collections of Eliot Elisofon, an internationally known photographer and filmmaker who traveled in Africa from 1943-1972. The Elisofon collection at the National Museum of African Art contains both photographic materials and three-dimensional objects created and collected in the course of Elisofon's professional career. I explore the ways in which Elisofon's images have been used to illustrate objects in situ, represent cultural contexts of use and meaning, and create multiple layers of authentication for the objects (i.e., artistic, documentary, ethnographic). Attention is also given to the importance of photography as a collection practice in and of itself.

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Favaretto, Maddalena, Danya F. Vears y Pascal Borry. "On the Epistemic Status of Prenatal Ultrasound: Are Ultrasound Scans Photographic Pictures?" Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 45, n.º 2 (14 de enero de 2020): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhz039.

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Abstract Medical imaging is predominantly a visual field. In this context, prenatal ultrasound images assume intense social, ethical, and psychological significance by virtue of the subject they represent: the fetus. This feature, along with the sophistication introduced by three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging that allows improved visualization of the fetus, has contributed to the common impression that prenatal ultrasound scans are like photographs of the fetus. In this article we discuss the consistency of such a comparison. First, we investigate the epistemic role of both analogic and digital photographic images as visual information-providing representations holding a high degree of objectivity. Second, we examine the structure and process of production of ultrasound scans and argue that a comparison between two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound and photography is justified. This is in contrast to 3D ultrasound images that, due to the intensive mathematical processing involved in their production, present some structural issues that obfuscate their ontological and epistemic status.

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Häsler, Leonie. "Stereo Imaging In Fashion Photography". Networking Knowledge: Journal of the MeCCSA Postgraduate Network 11, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2018): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31165/nk.2018.111.528.

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Fashion photographs are generally two-dimensional images showing one side of a three-dimensional model. This paper, however, deals with far less well-known stereoscopic fashion photographs. Stereoscopy is a technique that creates the illusion of a 3-D image. Based on the image collection of Swiss textile and clothes company HANRO, the article analyzes the composition of 3-D pictures by putting them in a broader media-historical context. The archived stereoscopic photographs date back to the 1950s and show a series of women’s fashion. In the same period, Hollywood experienced a 3-D-boom that may have had a technical and aesthetical impact on these photographs. Although fashion is not mediated in moving images in this case study, codes or formal languages of a film are inscribed in the images, as will be shown in the following text. Building on these findings, this paper further discusses the influence of cinematography and other media practices on the fashion industry’s attempt to free its fashion imagery from the confines of a two-dimensional page.

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45

Smith, M. E., R. Lakhani, P. Murray y P. Leong. "Simple Techniques for Three-Dimensional Photography of the Nose in Nasal Deformity". Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine 35, n.º 2 (junio de 2012): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453054.2012.690195.

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46

Arai, Jun, Haruo Hoshino, Mitsuho Yamada y Fumio Okano. "Three-Dimensional Image Information Media. The Focus of Pickup for Integral Photography." Journal of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 55, n.º 5 (2001): 678–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.55.678.

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47

Godt, Arnim, Till Edward Bechtold, Edgar Schaupp, Claudia Zeyher, Bernd Koos, Eva Baas y Mirjam Berneburg. "Correlation between occlusal abnormalities and parameters investigated by three-dimensional facial photography". Angle Orthodontist 83, n.º 5 (8 de marzo de 2013): 782–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/111412-874.1.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To clarify, by three-dimensional (3D) facial scans, if 4- to 6-year-old children with intraoral sagittal discrepancies and open-bite occlusion show differences in facial morphology when compared to children without anomalies. Materials and Methods: Scans of 290 children presenting with occlusal abnormalities were compared to 1772 face scans of age-matched individuals photographed with a faceSCAN II® 3D data acquisition system. From these, three study groups were formed comprising 188 children with distal occlusion/increased overjet (Class II), 37 with mesial occlusion/inverse overjet (Class III), and 65 with open-bite occlusion. These groups were evaluated by age and gender for each group compared to the control individuals. Results: The Class II group showed statistically significant reduced dimensions of head width, upper face width, and midface length. In addition, the mean values for mouth width and lip thickness were higher, and their upper lips were located more anteriorly than in the control group. The Class III group exhibited more markedly retruded upper lips. The facial profile of female 5-year-old Class III patients was significantly more concave. Patients in the open-bite group showed reduced upper lip length, with differences only being statistically significant in male 4-year-olds. Conclusion: Dental Class II with increased overjet and dental Class III with decreased overjet influence soft tissue morphology and are represented on 3D facial scans.

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48

Margolin, E. J., C. M. Mlynarczyk, A. Ackerman, D. S. Stember y P. J. Stahl. "005 Three Dimensional Photography for Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Penile Deformity". Journal of Sexual Medicine 14, n.º 2 (febrero de 2017): e2-e3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.12.018.

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49

Synnergren, Per. "Measurement of three-dimensional displacement fields and shape using electronic speckle photography". Optical Engineering 36, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1997): 2302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.601456.

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50

Passalis, G., N. Sgouros, S. Athineos y T. Theoharis. "Enhanced reconstruction of three-dimensional shape and texture from integral photography images". Applied Optics 46, n.º 22 (12 de julio de 2007): 5311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.46.005311.

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