Tesis sobre el tema "Thermodynamique des réseaux"
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Mamouni, Mahdi-Amine. "Thermodynamique des réseaux et application à la thermoélectricité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPAST131.
Texto completoIn this context, where the evolution of a system is governed by the gradients of intensive quantities, it becomes possible to completely model the behavior of machines, the produced power, and the created entropy, thus surpassing the simple endoreversible framework. In the case of systems described by a single intensive quantity, the behavior found is that of simple empirical laws such as Ohm’s law, Fourier’s law, or Darcy’s law. When several coupled intensive quantities are involved, the behavior becomes complex to model, especially if the system exhibits inhomogeneities in the physical properties of the working fluid. The work carried out in this thesis addresses these issues. It is based on the design of a thermodynamic network simulator, specifically applied to thermoelectricity, which is a particularly fruitful model system. The system is described by force-flux relations and a finite volume approach, which allows for the reconstruction of a thermodynamic network faithful to the studied system. This approach rigorously takes into account the hypothesis of continuity of intensive quantities between each volume element, whose validity is first demonstrated by considering the fluctuation of entropy production and its residual character in a stationary situation. This result also helped clarify the debate on the principles of entropy production minimization, a debate that still stirs part of the scientific community. This approach was validated by several simulations of thermoelectric networks in various regimes, stationary, transient, and harmonic. The obtained response includes both linear and nonlinear electrical and thermal terms, the latter resulting from energy-matter couplings. Beyond thermoelectricity, this simulator made it possible to integrate ferroelectric and antiferroelectric materials, whose thermal conductivity varies according to polarization. Transient simulations including materials with modifiable thermal conductivity thus allow determining the heat redistribution time in the network following this modulation. This work paves the way for complex thermoelectric simulations that are not accessible by other means, such as the study and design of heterogeneous thermoelectric modules. The integration of local description over volume allows for the emergence of global behavior resulting from the consideration of exotic inclusion effects on coupling, suggesting new development perspectives, notably in the context of thermomagnetic effects arising from local current loops
Sun, Chenghai. "Contribution à l'étude de la thermodynamique des gaz sur réseaux : théorie et simulations". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL012N.
Texto completoPerabathini, Bhanukiran. "Limites fondamentales de l'efficacité énergétique dans les réseaux sans fil". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC011/document.
Texto completoThe task of meeting an ever growing demand for better quality of user experience in wireless communications, is challenged by the amount of energy consumed by the technologies involved and the methods employed. Not surprisingly, the problem of reducing energy consumption needs to be addressed at various layers of the network architecture and from various directions. This thesis addresses some crucial aspects of the physical layer of wireless network architecture in order to find energy efficient solutions.In the first part of this thesis, we explore the idea of energy efficiency at a fundamental level. Starting with answering questions such as - emph{What is the physical form of `information'?}, we build a simple communication device in order to isolate certain key steps in the physical process of communication and we comment on how these affect the energy efficiency of a communication system.In the second part, we use tools from stochastic geometry to theoretically model cellular networks so as to analyze the energy efficiency of the system. Exploiting the tractability of such a mathematical modeling, we explore the conditions under which the consumption of energy can be reduced. Further in this part, we introduce the concept of caching users' data at the edge of the network (namely the final ac{BS} that is contact with the user) and show quantitatively how caching can help improve the energy efficiency of a cellular network. We also extend this treatment to a ac{HetNet} scenario (namely when there are more than one type of glspl{BS} deployed) and study various key performance metrics. We also explore the conditions where energy efficiency of such a system can be improved.The results in thesis provide some key ideas to improve energy efficiency in a wireless cellular network thereby contributing to the advancement towards the next generation (5G) cellular networks
Azoumah, Yao Kétowoglo. "Conception optimale, par approche constructale, de réseaux arborescents de transferts couples pour réacteurs thermochimiques". Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0646.
Texto completoHeat and mass transfer and chemical reaction improvements in thermochemical reactors strongly increase their performance in power and / or in energy. The reactor geometry plays an important role in these improvements. This work developed original methods combining constructal approach and two thermodynamics optimization criteria: the entropy generation minimization (for steady state modelling) and the ratio of the power over the entropy generation (for dynamic modelling). These methods enabled to optimize the design of the coupled heat and mass transfer networks in the thermochemical reactors. This study showed that for every reactor there exists its optimal shape regardless to the reactive material that filled it. Analytical and numerical models, coupling heat and mass transfer, and chemical reaction, enabled to demonstrate the constructal tree-network architecture efficiency in the thermochemical reactors design. An experimental approach was started in order to valid the analytical and numerical models
Rioublanc, Jérôme. "Etude d'un système de stabilisation passive de la dérive en température de la longueur d'onde d'accord des réseaux de Bragg". Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0004.
Texto completoBrunn, Ondřej. "Glace de spin artificielle : interactions à longue portée, processus stochastique et thermodynamique effective dans des réseaux désaimantés de nano-aimants frustrés géométriquement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY025.
Texto completoIn the past two decades, artificial spin ice systems have become a powerful experimental platform to investigate cooperative magnetic phenomena often associated with highly frustrated magnets. Compared to their natural counterparts, artificial spin ice systems made of interacting magnetic nanostructures offer several key advantages. Being engineered through nanofabrication processes, an extensive palette of geometries can be designed. In addition, their magnetic configuration can be visualised directly, at the scale of the spin degree of freedom, using magnetic imaging techniques. Local and global quantities can then be measured conveniently, in real space and time, at almost any desired temperature.This PhD work focuses on such artificial spin systems, and more specifically on the square geometry, which was initially proposed as a two-dimensional (2D) counterpart of the three-dimensional (3D) pyrochlore crystal structure. However, this 2D approach removes the magnetic frustration present in 3D, and the system orders in a conventional antiferromagnetic fashion rather than exhibiting a highly degenerate, liquid-like ground state.Following a strategy proposed in the literature, arrays of nanostructures consisting of two vertically offset sub-lattices were fabricated to restore frustration, enabling to reach a spin liquid regime experimentally. Imaging the magnetic configurations obtained after a field demagnetisation protocol, the analysis of the spin-spin correlations reveals deviations from what is predicted by the (short-range) square ice model. Comparing the experimental findings to Monte Carlo simulations, our results indicate that long-range magnetostatic interactions are not washed out in our arrays, contrary to what was initially thought.Then, these artificial square ice structures were used to understand to what extent the field demagnetisation protocol we apply is a stochastic process. To do so, we studied the magnetic configurations obtained after successive field protocols. Our results show that each captured magnetic micro-state differs substantially from the previous one, but not entirely. Analysing the corresponding spin and vertex configurations, we demonstrate that our field protocol is a stochastic process, although we also observe unambiguous signatures of magnetic determinism that we attribute to the presence of quenched disorder. The possible sources of randomness in our experiment are discussed.Finally, we explore the behaviour of a series of field-demagnetised conventional (non-offset) square arrays, in which the lattice parameter is gradually varied to tune the interaction strengths. Comparing the experimental vertex populations and spin-spin correlations to Monte Carlo predictions, we show that the lattice series is well approximated by a unique short-range spin Hamiltonian probed at different effective temperatures. In other words, the lattice parameter can serve as a knob to probe the thermodynamics of a given spin model
Forges, de Parny Laurent de. "Bosons de spin-1/2 et 1 sur réseaux optiques en une et deux dimensions". Nice, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00940582.
Texto completoOptical trapping of atoms on optical lattices allows the study of their behaviour in the range of ultra low temperature, at the nanokelvin scale, without freezing their angular momentum degrees of freedom. Those recent trapping methods offer the possibility to analyse the quantum magnetism spontaneously adopted by the atoms. In this thesis we study numerically bosons with two internal effective degrees of freedom, referred to as spin-1=2 bosons, and also bosons with three degrees of freedom, spin-1 bosons, with two conceptually different methods : a simplified one using mean field approximation and an exact method, the Quantum Monte Carlo method. Beyond the study of these two systems, we compare a mean field method, sometimes excessively used, to the Quantum Monte Carlo method. The thorough investigation of the spin-1=2 bosons system in one and two dimensions in the zero temperature limit shows the influence of dimensionality on the physical properties of this system. The thermal effects, still present experimentally, are also analysed. Lastly, the spin-1 boson system trapped into a two dimensional lattice, a richer and more complicated system than the previous one, is investigated in the zero temperature limit. The study of these two systems reveals different magnetic organization in Mott insulators and superfluid phases, such as a ferromagnetic superfluid. First order phase transitions and coherent anticorrelated movements, present in the Mott phases, are also observed
Rivollet, Fabien. "Etude des proprietes volumétriques (PVT) d’hydrocarbures legers (c1-c4), du dioxyde de carbone et du sulfure d’hydrogène : mesures par densimétrie à tube vibrant et modélisation". Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1318.
Texto completoVarious pollutant contents (ie carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide or other sulphur products) are found in produced oils. These latter must undergo a number of transformations and purifications. The design and dimensioning of the corresponding units can well be optimized only if one has reliable and accurate data about phase equilibria and volumetric properties and of course reliable and accurate modeling. This work was devoted partly to measurements of volumetric properties on three binary mixtures (ethane - hydrogen sulphide, ethane - propane and carbon dioxide - hydrogen sulphide). These measurements were carried out using equipment, comprising a vibrating tube densimeter (Paar, model DMA 512 P), which was especially designed and built for this work. The study undertaken about the modeling of volumetric properties made it possible to highlight the inadequacy of the traditional use of cubic equations of state to represent simultaneously volumetric properties and phase equilibria. Among the equations of state investigated, a close attention however was paid to cubic equations of state because of their very great use in the oil field. A new tool was found to adapt cubic equations of state to the simultaneous and satisfactory representation of volumetric properties and phase equilibria. It concerns the coupling of the cubic Redlich-Kwong-Soave equation of state with volume correction through a neural network
Sleiman, Mohamad. "Commande sous contraintes et incertitudes des réseaux de transport". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA037/document.
Texto completoTransport has always been one of the key components of urban life and its economic development. From the second half of the last century, the improvement in the average standard of living and the household equipment rate allowed the greatest number of people to access the journey by private vehicle. We therefore witnessed a race between the growth of road traffic and the quantitative and qualitative progress of roads. This quantity of actions generates problems with the fluidity of the traffic, hence the appearance of congestion.The congestion occurs today almost daily in road networks. It is source of waste of time, increase of the energy consumption, the nuisance and the deterioration of the environment. The solution to the problems of road congestion does not still pass by the increase of the investment in the infrastructures of transport. Indeed, the offer of grounds is exhausted and the development of the road infrastructure is expensive. Hence, the current trend is rather for a better use of the existing infrastructures. In particular, traffic lights play an important role in avoiding congestion. Indeed, the design of a better control of traffic lights has been the subject of several researches in order to improve the network circulation on a large scale.In this thesis, we are mainly interested in a work that prevents the congestion by forcing the number of vehicles to not exceed the lane capacities. After having described the network of intersections, we have realized a state of the art on the methods developed for the management and regulation of intersections. Next, we propose three control strategies that treat the control problem in different ways. The first one involves the theory of dissipative systems, the second one is to stabilize the system in the sense of Lyapunov around its nominal situation and the third one stabilizes it in finite time (during peak hours). These proposed controls respect the constraints on both state and control. In addition, they take into account the uncertainties in the system. Finally, the result of each strategy developed is presented by LMI in order to be solved by using the CVX tool under MATLAB. Besides, the performance of each control is evaluated by simulations
Menou, Edern. "Conception d’alliages par optimisation combinatoire multiobjectifs : thermodynamique prédictive, fouille de données, algorithmes génétiques et analyse décisionnelle". Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4011/document.
Texto completoThe present work revolves around the development of an integrated system combining a multi-objective genetic algorithm with calphad-type computational thermodynamics (calculations of phase diagrams) and data mining techniques enabling the estimation of thermochemical and thermomechanical properties of multicomponent alloys. This integration allows the quasiautonomous chemistry optimisation of complex alloys against antagonistic criteria such as mechanical and chemical resistance, high-temperature microstructural stability, and cost. Further alloy selection capability is provided by a multi-criteria decision analysis technique. The proposed design methodology is illustrated on two multicomponent alloy families. The first case study relates to the design of wrought, polycrystalline 0-hardened nickel-base superalloys intended for aerospace turbine disks or tubing applications in the energy industry. The optimisation leads to the discovery of novel superalloys featuring lower costs and higher predicted strength than Inconel 740H and Haynes 282, two state-of-the-art superalloys. The second case study concerns the so-called “high-entropy alloys” whose singular metallurgy embodies typical combinatorial issues. Following the optimisation, several high-entropy alloys are produced; preliminary experimental characterisation highlights attractive properties such as an unprecedented hardness to density ratio
Raux, Paul. "Circuit theory for thermodynamic engines in stationary nonequilibrium". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UNIP7061.
Texto completoAs with the study of electronic circuits, the study of complex systems is often facilitated by breaking them down into simpler subsystems. Two sub-problems then arise: 1) the study of each sub-system separately; 2) the emergence of new behaviours when they are reassembled. The theory of non-equilibrium circuits is best understood for a single pair of current (electric) and conjugate thermodynamic force (voltage), as is the case in electronics. Each subsystem is then described by a current-voltage characteristic, summarised in the concept of scalar impedance. The current-voltage characteristic of the whole system is then obtained using the conservation laws within and at the interface of each subsystem (e.g. Kirchoff's laws). The aim of this thesis is to extend the results from steady state electronics to non-equilibrium steady state thermodynamic machines with an arbitrary number of conjugate currents and forces subject to different couplings (e.g. thermoelectric). To do this, we need to find tools for treating conservation laws within a complex network. The notion of scalar impedance must also be replaced by a matrix object, the non-equilibrium conductance matrix, to account for the coupling between the different types of currents flowing through the system. This manuscript is in three parts. In the first part, we review the state of the art in the algebraic treatment of thermodynamic converters. In the second part, we demonstrate the calculation of the non-equilibrium conductance matrix for chemical reaction networks and thermoelectric converters. Finally, in the last section, we demonstrate the resistance/conductance summation laws for series/parallel combinations
De, Forges De Parny Laurent. "BOSONS DE SPIN-1/2 ET 1 SUR RÉSEAUX OPTIQUES EN UNE ET DEUX DIMENSIONS". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00940582.
Texto completoBlokhuis, Alexander. "Aspects physiques des scénarios d'origines de la vie". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET043.
Texto completoThe academic field of Origins of Life seeks to explain abiogenesis: how abiotic matter can be transformed to living systems. Recent decades have seen a substantial development of prebiotic scenarios: hypotheses on the place, chemistry and physical mechanisms of abiogenesis. In this thesis, we introduce rigorous frameworks, for the systematic study of physical aspects of abiogenesis. These frameworks build upon recent insights in nonequilibrium thermodynamics, chemical reaction networks and group selection. They stress thermodynamic consistency and the fundamental structure of chemistry. In Ch.1, a critical introduction to the field of origins of life is given, highlighting what we truly know, what popular scenarios assume and historical developments that have shaped the current thinking. In Ch.2, the theoretical framework of chemical networks is introduced. We extend the framework with new tools and a criterion for a universal description of chemistry: nonambiguity. In Ch.3, we describe ways to make networks ‘open’: chemostats, CSTR, serial transfer, diffusive coupling to compartments. The concept of chemostats is extended to ‘composite chemostats’, which chemostats combinations of species. We correct the zeroth law of thermodynamics, which is shown to be violated for conserved integer quantities in stochastic thermodynamics. In Ch.4, we illustrate the concept of information in chemical networks, using a scalable engine that extracts work from the racemization of enantiomerically pure molecules. We then move to the opposite process: purifying compositions. We illustrate a variety of chemical networks that achieve purification, and we discuss their tradeoffs. In Ch.5, we derive universal criteria for catalysis and self-replication for unambiguous chemical networks. The addition of exchange processes between phases and compartments (diffusion, evaporation, partitioning etc.) leads to emergent new forms of multicompartment autocatalysis. In Ch.6, we review the concept of chemical evolution and some of the frameworks developed for it. These frameworks focus on specific chemistries and network structures, and we show that their interpretation critically hinges on the level of coarse graining. These approaches, often treated as mutually exclusive, are united, extended and encompassed by our general framework for autocatalysis. We study structural and thermodynamic aspects of autocatalytic evolution in a single reactor, which occurs by branching processes built up from microscopic rates. The extension to multicompartment autocatalysis leads to new emergent ecological behavior (syntrophy, parasitism), favoring cooperation and spatial confinement. In Ch.7, we study the thermodynamics of making long polymers in various out-of-equilibrium situations (adsorption, recombination reactions, chemically activated ligation). We derive thermodynamic costs for the dissipative generation of random copolymer sequences. This allows to place energetic bounds on scenarios that rely on the appearance of rare structures. In Ch.8, we set up a statistical framework to study transient compartmentalization. This new form of multilevel selection has no lineages: surviving compartments vanish after growth and selection, which means contents may multiply by more than a factor 2 (experimentally: >10^6). This mechanism is shown capable of overcoming parasite invasions, induce cooperation and lower error thresholds. Compositional noise is derived from growth kinetics. Polymerization can drastically decrease such noise, which can improve selection. On this level of description, a new parasite catastrophe emerges: a complexation catastrophe. In Ch.9, we formulate a mechanism-based scenario. The scenario is based on the structural features of chemistry, multicompartment autocatalysis and multi-level evolution, but does not specify any molecules: they can be introduced a posteriori. We provide a foundation on which rigorous future scenarios can be built
Naylor, Bruno. "Quantum gases of Chromium : thermodynamics and magnetic properties of a Bose-Einstein condensate and production of a Fermi sea". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD036/document.
Texto completoThis thesis presents experimental results performed with Quantum gases of Chromium atoms. The specificity of Chromium resides in its large electronic spin S=3 and non negligible dipole-dipole interaction (DDI) between atoms. We produced a new quantum gas, a Fermi sea of the ⁵³Cr isotope. Optimization of the co-evaporation with the ⁵²Cr bosonic isotope leads to 10³ atoms at T=TF= 0.66± 0.08. We obtained new results on thermodynamics of a spinor Bose gas. By "shock cooling" a thermal multi-spin component gas, we find that the dynamics of the BEC is affected by spin changing collisions. We also demonstrate a new cooling mechanism based on the spin degrees of freedom when the Bose Einstein condensate (BEC) is in the lowest energy spin state. Dipolar interactions thermally populate spin excited states at low magnetic field. Purication of the BEC is obtained by selectively removing these thermal atoms. Finally, we present spin dynamics experiments. spin following preparation of atoms in a double well trap in opposite stretch spin states allow to measure the last unknown scattering length of ⁵²Cr: ɑo = 13.5 ±¹⁵ ₁₀ ɑB (with ɑB the Bohr radius). We then present preliminary results performed in a 3D lattice and in the bulk, where spin excitation is performed by a spin rotation. We investigate for different experimental congurations which of a theory with or without quantum correlations ts best our data
Drouineau, Mathilde. "Modélisation prospective et analyse spatio-temporelle : intégration de la dynamique du réseau électrique". Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP0104.
Texto completoA reliable power supply is crucial for operating power systems. Defined as the ability of power systems to lock back into a steady-state condition after sudden disturbance (e. G. Load or production fluctuations), reliability is usually ensured through appropriate management of voltage and frequency and involves events whose time scales range from a few milliseconds to a few hours. However, energy planning models, which focus on power systems' long-term development (typically several decades), largely ignore reliability requirements and may consequently provide unrealistic options in this area. Yet this aspect is of tremendous importance, especially when high shares of renewable energy sources, and in particular intermittent energy sources, are expected in electricity production and may threaten supply reliability. To overcome this drawback, we propose assessing the reliability of supply when evaluating power systems' long-term development. We achieve a global description of power systems relying on variational principles deduced from thermodynamics. The approach provides two reliability indicators related to the dynamic properties of the whole system, namely the magnetic and kinetic reserves available in the system, thus quantifying in an original way the reliability of power supply for a given production mix. The relevance of the indicators is demonstrated through a prospective analysis of Reunion Island, which is targeting an electricity production mix with 100% renewable energy sources by 2030. We use a TIMES model to provide the electricity sector's responses to this scenario and to different assumptions. Results show that the levels of magnetic and kinetic reserves decrease with the integration of renewable energy sources, and that the levels of the reserves are critically low during the day, when intermittent energy sources can represent up to two thirds of the electricity production. This work thereby illustrates how we can use the two indicators to debate the most appropriate conditions for ensuring the reliability of supply, and makes it possible to choose between the targets of decarbonizing the electricity mix and maintaining an expected level of reliability
Drouineau, Mathilde. "Modélisation prospective et analyse spatio-temporelle : intégration de la dynamique du réseau électrique". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00731894.
Texto completoFlottat, Thibaut. "Bosons couplés à des spins 1/2 sur réseau". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4080/document.
Texto completoStrongly correlated systems, where new surprising phases of matter may appear both in the context of ultra-cold atoms and cavity quantum electrodynamics, are the focus of intense experimental and theoritical activity. In this thesis we present a study of two models of bosons with two or zero internal states, that is to say spin-1/2 or spin-0 bosons. These particles can move around a lattice, and they are locally coupled to immobile spins 1/2. Our interest was to determine the ground state phase diagram, study phase properties and quantum phase transitions. We used two methods: an approximate one using a mean field approach and the other using quantum Monte-Carlo simulations, which provides numerically exact results. The first model, namely the bosonic Kondo lattice model, is in the context of ultra-cold atoms in optical lattices. We found that its physics is close to that of the Bose-Hubbard model, exhibiting Mott and superfluid phases. The local coupling strengthens the insulating behaviour of the system and magnetism emerges through indirect or direct coupling between bosons. Thermal effects, inherent in experiments, are also studied. The second model, which is in the context of light-matter interaction, describes a situation of an ultra-strong coupling between spin-0 bosons (photons) and local spins 1/2 (two levels atoms) and is known as the Rabi lattice model. The phase diagram generally consists of only two phases: a coherent phase and a compressible incoherent one. The locals
Jiang, Jian. "Modeling of complex network, application to road and cultural networks". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691129.
Texto completoBouriquet, Bertrand. "Relaxation en forme et multifragmentation nucléaire". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003803.
Texto completoPasquiou, Benjamin. "Effets de l'interaction dipôle-dipôle sur les propriétés magnétiques d'un condensat de chrome". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659391.
Texto completoZhou, Huide. "Concepts thermodynamiques et d'entropie pour la modélisation et la régulation d'un réseau de transport". Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0231/document.
Texto completoIn this work, we have presented a thermodynamic point of view for the transportation network. Analogies have been drawn between thermodynamic and transportation systems by considering traffic lanes as thermodynamic sub-systems and the vehicles as the abstract energy supplied to them. In addition, the concepts of thermal capacity and temperature are also introduced into transportation context to correspond to lane capacity and occupancy respectively. Then, it has been demonstrated that the first law of thermodynamics corresponds to the conservation of vehicles. It is also demonstrated that the transportation network can have a similar notion of entropy. Such transportation entropy is a measure of disorder of the system and hence may provide deep insight in the analysis of transportation control problems. In particular, this work has presented a dissipativity phenomenon of transportation entropy that reduces the system disorder and hence renders the system better organized. Though this phenomenon doesn’t exist naturally in transportation context, the ways to construct feedback control strategies have been proposed to achieve such objective by means of Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs). However, since transportation systems involve massive complex human activities, there exist substantial unpredictable uncertainties of the traffic demands. In this context, we have proposed a robust controller for disturbance attenuation of transportation network. The errors between input flows and the nominal ones are considered as disturbances and a constrained H∞ control has been formulated in terms of maximization of the tolerance under control constraints. The problem of disturbance attenuation is solved by means of a convex optimization with Linear Matrix Inequality. Finally, two types of networks (arterial and grid) are carried out to illustrate the performances of our strategies
Badran, Mohamad. "Contribution au développement d'une Nouvelle Approche du Compound Energy Formalism (NACEF)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0109.
Texto completoIn a current context of reducing energy consumption, it is necessary in many industrial fields to develop new materials such as multi-compound metal alloys. Their characterization in a purely experimental way quickly becomes impossible to realize, digital simulation tools become unavoidable. As such, the CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagram) approach is the most appropriate numerical tool for thermodynamic processing of multi-constituent systems. This is a semi-empirical method for describing the Gibbs energies of the phases of a system by mathematical functions by adjusting certain parameters from a set of information relating to the equilibrium phase or the thermodynamic and structural properties. Based on the sublattice model, Compound Energy Formalism (CEF) is widely used in CALPHAD modeling to describe Gibbs energy of phases that have multiple sublattices. The work presented in this dissertation is a contribution to the development of a New Approach to Compound Energy Formalism (NACEF) that aims to increase its potential. In this thesis, the new NACEF approach is presented in the case of multi-subnet binary phases with anti-site defects. We applied NACEF in the modeling of 2 binary systems in order to demonstrate its potential and in particular its ability to make model simplifications compatible. This is the Fe-Nb system in which the Laves C14 phase has been described by the 3-sublattice model and the Co-Cr system where the σ phase has been modeled with 5 sublattices. In the last chapter, we propose an extrapolation method based on NACEF which allows to obtain an estimate of the energies of the ordered configurations of a multi-constituted phase from those of the binary configurations. The results obtained on many systems in the case of the C14 and σ phases indicate a strong correlation between the extrapolated values and those obtained by DFT
Naveros, Mesa Ibán. "Modelling heat transfer for energy effiency assessment of buildings : Identification of physical parameters". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI112.
Texto completoEnergy efficiency is one of the two pillars to decrease the use of non-renewable energy besides the use of renewables energies. In fact, buildings are central to the EU's energy efficiency policy, as nearly 40% of the final energy consumption and 36% of greenhouse gas emissions take place in houses, offices, shops and other buildings. Buildings may be considered as dynamic systems and heat transfer in buildings may be represented using dynamic models. In this way, heat transfer in buildings may be described by thermal networks which may be stated considering graph theory and thermodynamics, and may be deduced from the classical heat equation. Thermal networks may be expressed as a system of linear differential algebraic equations (DAE) and the system of linear DAE may be transformed into a state-space representation from which an autoregressive model with exogenous (ARX) can be obtained. These different model structures may be used for identifying the physical parameters of thermal networks which implies that this methodology may be useful for identifying the intrinsic performance of buildings and tackling the reduction of non-renewable energy consumption in buildings. This may facilitate the assessment of energy efficiency of buildings within a reproducible framework which allows the comparison between different constructive solutions.The main original contributions of this dissertation are: 1) thermal networks are stated from graph theory and thermodynamics, leaving back the thermal-electrical analogy; 2) classical heat equation is connected explicitly to a system of DAE (thermal network) by using the finite elements; 3) the transformations for deducing heat transfer models with physical meaning from the classical heat equation are put altogether; 4) transformations between models may are done from thermal networks to autoregressive models with exogenous (ARX) and back; and 5) a criterion for selecting the order of the model by frequency analysis of measurements is proposed
Troisi, Lucie. "Development of a new class of synthetic gene circuits based on protein-protein interactions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS728.
Texto completoSynthetic biology, by its engineering approach, promise to revolutionize the way scientists manipulate and analyze living systems. In this project, we propose to develop a new class of synthetic gene circuits whose fine tuning rely on the affinity competition between active and inactive forms of a transcription factor. Modelling, together with an in silico evolutionary approach, will be used to determine molecular parameters and network topologies required for a given functionality. Circuits will be assembled accordingly and their expression in mammalian cells measured to confirm the expected response or correct our model. Using this methodology, we plan to build multi-inputs circuits with tunable response function, as well as new bistable and oscillatory circuits. The new investigated class of circuits will also be extended to multi-cellular networks exhibiting symmetry breaking or oscillating patterns. This fundamental project bridging modelling and experimental validation will promote the development of advanced targeting circuits with promising applications in diagnosis, gene therapy and complex tissue engineering
Sirven, Jean-Baptiste. "Détection de métaux lourds dans les sols par spectroscopie d'émission sur plasma induit par laser (LIBS)". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122546.
Texto completoDans cette thèse nous montrons d'abord que le régime femtoseconde ne présente pas d'avantages par rapport au régime nanoseconde standard pour notre problématique. Ensuite nous mettons en œuvre un traitement avancé des spectres LIBS par des méthodes chimiométriques dont les performances améliorent sensiblement les résultats des analyses qualitatives et quantitatives d'échantillons de sols.
Younsi, Amina. "Simulations des effets des écoulements sur la croissance cristalline d'un mélange binaire. Approche par méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01221833/document.
Texto completoMusavu-Ndob, Aïchatou. "Mesures, modélisation, prédiction des propriétés physico-chimiques dans les aliments à l'aide d'un modèle thermodynamique : application aux produits carnés et aux produits laitiers". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22682/document.
Texto completoThe development of food process simulators is actually limited by absence of tools that can predict de evolution of the physical-chemical properties (pH, aw, Eh) in food. Food are generallymulticomponent medias (including water, organic solvents, dissolved solids, dissolved gases, ionic species, macromolecules), and these properties are essential to characterize technological, sanitary and organoleptic qualities. However, these physical-chemical properties change during transformation or preservation process. The prediction of these properties requires the determination of chemical potentials. Thermodynamic approach is used to predict pH and water activity of meat and dairy products in different condition encountered in the food industry. Based on the model ULPDHS developed by Achard in 1992 for liquid medias, this work required the creation of fictive molecule who have the same behavior as modeled food. Consistency between the experimental data and the predicted data is very satisfactory, the thermodynamic model correctly predict the pH and aw of different products studied. The integration of the thermodynamic model in a process simulator requires the creation of a mimetic neural network. Therefore, was developed a neural network whose outputs are identical to the output of the thermodynamic model. So it is possible to integrate the results of thermodynamic models in a process simulator without too lengthen the time simulations. The results obtained in this work can be an important aid to the formulation of new products. The model is completely predictive and it is possible to determine the effect of a change in the composition of the feed on the pH and aw
Khalil, Waël. "Développement d'un appareil automatisé de mesure simultanée d'équilibres de phases et de propriétés volumétriques. Exploitation des données volumétriques pour le calcul prédictif de grandeurs thermodynamiques dérivées". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002584.
Texto completoGros, Alice. "Modélisation de la cristallisation sous tension du caoutchouc naturel". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDN0018.
Texto completoDespite the numerous experimental inverstigations performed over the past century and more intensively in the last fifteen years, strain-induced crystallization taking place in natural rubber still remains hardly understood in its precise mechanisms, leading models to remain phenomenological ones. The present study aims to develop a physicallymotivated model which qualitatively reproduces physical phenomena observed during an uniaxial tensile test. Firstly, the amorphous network is assumed to deform in an equal-force manner, resulting in a representative chain encompassing the inhomogeneity of matter through the chain-length distribution. Secondly, based on classical thermodynamics and on the entangled nature of the polymer network, both crystallization and fusion conditions are established. Moreover the derivation of the equilibrium point of a finite crystallite in a deformed network clarifies the tight relation between deformation and temperature during fusion. Finally, a semi-crystallized chain is defined, accounting for both the inhomogeneity of the amorphous phase and the heterogeneity due to the presence of a crystalline phase. This chain is included in a modified full-network model, initially dedicated to amorphous networks. This work leads to a complete thermo-mechanical constitutive equation which qualitatively reproduces the response of natural rubber in tension, but also to an original interpretative description of strain-induced crystallization
Claves, Daniel. "Caractérisation structurale et magnétique de nouvelles phases solides, issues de l’intercalation de métaux de transition dans le réseau du fullerène C60". Grenoble INPG, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPG0172.
Texto completoMoles, Jordan. "On concentration inequalities for equilibrium states in lattice and symbolic dynamical systems". Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX102.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the existence of Gaussian concentration for sufficiently mixing equilibrium states for lattice systems. Moreover, we show that such a property ensures uniqueness.In the first chapter, we show that if an equilibrium state associated to a shift-invariant and absolutely summable potential satisfies a Gaussian concentration bound then it is à fortiori mixing and unique em i.e. there is no phase transition.Thereafter, We study numerically a particular physical model which allows phase transition to occur: the ferromagnetic Ising model in two dimensions. We evaluate concentration constants through classical estimates at all temperature. Thank to the behavior of these parameters, we emphasize divergence of the Gaussian concentration constant at the critical temperature deduce that such property doesn't hold.Later on, we prove that the Gaussian concentration behavior holds for all temperature above the critical one for this model.Then, we dedicate a chapter to the study of an unidimensional symbolic dynamics on a finite alphabet: chains with complete connections. In particular, we study the concentration properties of a unique equilibrium state associated to a potential (or transition probability) satisfying Walters' condition.In the end, we review the high-noise regime in probabilistic cellular automata. In particular, we prove that in this regime, the probabilistic cellular automata satisfies a Gaussian concentration for a certain class of spatio-temporal observables
Glaus, Mathias. "Approche multimodale de la mobilité urbaine : développement d'un outil d'aide à la prise de décision". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777775.
Texto completoLabidi, Mouchira. "Optimisation de chaufferies collectives multi-energies : dimensionnement et commande de systèmes de stockage thermique par hydro-accumulation". Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0007.
Texto completoThe present work deals with optimizing a multi-energy district boiler by adding to the plant a thermal water storage tank. The effectiveness of such a system depends on how long the stored energy can be kept without considerable degradation. The storage tank should be properly insulated to reduce the rate of heat loss. Thus, firstly, a stratified water thermal storage model is developed and experimentally validated. A parametric study is carried out to determine the influence of geometric and meteorological parameters on heat loss. Next, a reliable sizing method based on a sequential management strategy and a parametric study is proposed. Various energy and economic criteria have been evaluated for a range of thermal storage sizes. The proposed methodology has been applied to many plants managed by Cofely GDF-Suez, our industrial partner. Results highlight the ability of a thermal storage tank (optimally sized and managed) to improve the operation of a multi-energy district boiler and realize significant energy and economic savings. The main drawback of the proposed sequential management strategy lies in not taking into account the future power demand. That is why a strategy based on a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) is likely to improve operation and performance. In order to implement such a controller, the power demand has to be accurately forecasted. As a consequence, a short-term forecast method, based on wavelet-based Multi-Resolution Analysis (MRA) and multilayer Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is proposed. Both the sequential and the predictive strategies are applied to a northeast France multi-energy district boiler selected as a case study. The main result to retain is that the efficiency of water thermal storage tank is mainly related to its design and the way it is managed. For this case study, the predictive strategy regardless the size of the storage tank, the predictive strategy is more reliable. Furthermore, in all cases an adequately sized and managed thermal storage tank is a profitable investment. It allows the fossil energy consumption to be significantly reduced. The same remark applies to the functioning costs and CO2 emissions
Feverati, Giovanni. "Systèmes intégrables quantiques. Méthodes quantitatives en biologie". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557526.
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