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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Thermodurcissables biosourcés"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Thermodurcissables biosourcés"
Ben, Chrait Imen. "Développement de réseaux polyuréthane à base d’oligocarbonates dihydroxytéléchéliques partiellement biosourcés". Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R071.
Texto completoPartially bio-based dihydroxytelechelic oligocarbonates were synthesized by melt transcarbonatation polymerization using isosorbide as the principal bio-sourced diol and an aliphatic diol as co-monomer with diphenyl carbonate in the presence of a catalyst. The oligomers were prepared by varying the ratio of the two diol monomers. The reaction conditions were optimized to reach full conversion whilst also removing any residual phenol (by-product of the reaction). The resulting oligomers bear isosorbide units at both extremities. The hydroxyl group content is further determined by 1H-NMR according to a derivatization method. All the oligocarbonate diols were amorphous and their Tg increases with increasing isosorbide content and rigidity of the co-monomer diol. These oligocarbonates were used to develop polyurethane coatings by adding a polyisocyanate. All the coatings obtained are transparent, glossy and have a very good solvents resistance. The thermal, mechanical and physicochemical properties of polyurethanes depend on the structures of the oligocarbonate and the polyisocyanate used
Falco, Guillaume. "Huiles végétales époxydées et alcool furfurylique : deux types de monomères pour l’élaboration de thermodurcissables et de composites biosourcés". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4155/document.
Texto completoThe work presents the elaboration of biobased thermosets and composites synthesized from epoxidized vegetable oils (linseed and soybean) and furfuryl alcohol (FA). A first area of research focused on the study of the polymerisation of FA into polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) (i) in protic polar solvents, (ii) in combination with wood and (iii) in the presence of new reaction initiators. In presence of solvents, the observed structural changes have been linked to the thermomechanical properties. Another PFA structure modification was obtained with 2,5 dimethylfuran. This work allowed a better understanding of the reactivity of FA within the wood and shows that the obtained wood/PFA composites have higher density and resistance than their non-modified equivalents. Finally, the initiation of FA polymerization by levulinic acid and p-toluene sulfonylhydrazine, respectively biobased and « latent » initiators has been studied. The second topic of thesis concerns a new type of fully bio-based epoxy resin synthesized from epoxidized vegetable oils. Linseed and soybean oils have both been copolymerized with a dicarboxylic acid as curing agent. A first fundamental work was to correlate the reactivity of copolymerization with the polymer structure and to link them with thermomechanical properties. The obtained thermosets have been used to prepare nanocomposites with sepiolite. Different methods of dispersion and/or modification of sepiolite conduct to diverse morphologies of nanofiller dispersions into the matrix
Marotta, Angela. "Résines thermodurcissables et nanocomposites époxydes renouvelables à base de furanne pour les applications de revêtement". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4003/document.
Texto completoResearch on bio-based polymers is rapidly increasing in last years, pushed by growing environmental and economic concerns, as well as by the uncertainty about future availability of finite petrochemical resources. Sustainability is a keyword in this process. In this frame, products that are respectful towards the environment, including eco-compatible building blocks and additives, are now researched to replace petroleum-based polymers with those derived from naturally occurring feedstocks. Epoxy resins are very versatile thermosetting polymers, extremely resistant to corrosion, moisture and chemicals, with good adhesive strength toward most materials (wettability) and low shrinkage upon curing. Due to their high glass transition temperatures and excellent mechanical strength, epoxy resins are widely employed in a broad range of applications, such as electronics, structural adhesives, aerospace composites and protective coatings. More than two-thirds of epoxy resins nowadays are based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A. In this industry the trend to replace petrol-derived materials with bio-based ones is related also to the necessity to substitute the Bisphenol A (BPA), a controversial building block recognized as an endocrine disrupter and reprotoxic substance. In particular in application as coating, the use of BPA results in hazard for customers of food and beverage products packed into containers treated with epoxy resins. The effects of human body contamination caused by BPA are diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, altered liver enzymes and reproductive apparatus damages. For these reasons, this molecule has been banned in many countries for the manufacturing of child products, and in France and Canada from all the materials in direct contact with food. The necessity to develop new epoxy resins results therefore urgent.Bio-derived molecules since now developed show the most various chemical structure, each of them producing different properties of final polymers. Peculiar characteristic shown by epoxy resins are related to the aromatic structure of its components. Aromatic molecules present in natural feedstock are mainly derived from lignin, one of the principal constituents of natural cell walls. However, to extract aromatic moieties from lignin, difficult and energy consuming processes are required. A valuable replacement of aromatic molecules, easily recoverable from glucose, are furanic molecules; their validity has been supported by several studies. In the light of the above, the work here presented is focused on production of furanic bio-based epoxy resins as potential substitute of DGEBA in can coating industry. The complete cycle of the material has been studied: the synthesis of furanic epoxy monomers and epoxy thermosets, the characterization of their chemical and physical properties (study of curing kinetics, mechanical and thermal properties). Furthermore, the application of bio-based epoxy thermosets as cans internal lining has been evaluated. Experimental results demonstrated that the obtained resins have good potential to be proposed as good alternatives to the traditional BPA-containing epoxy resins
Codou, Amandine. "La cellulose et le poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) comme précurseurs biosourcés de matériaux thermoplastiques et thermodurcissables : les transitions physiques des biopolymères et l'élaboration des composites". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4123/document.
Texto completoThe cellulose and the poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) were the two main biobased polymeric precursors employed in this thesis work. Two complementary investigation pathways were explored which respectively focus on the fundamental aspects and on elaboration of composites from these precursors. First, the glass transition and both the melt/glass non-isothermal crystallization of PEF were investigated. A kinetic approach of these transitions revealed a peculiar behavior of PEF which is useful to better understand its processing. In addition, the high-temperature transition of cellulose Iβ was for the first time explored by means of complementary thermo-analytical and spectroscopic techniques. On the other hand, the controlled periodate oxidation of one single cellulose source was employed to generate thermoset-like “all-cellulose composites” marked by their high mechanical performances. Finally, combination of PEF and cellulose nanocrystals allows to obtain transparent thermoplastic composites in which the cellulosic entities might have nucleating effects
Tosi, Pierluigi. "Stratégies de valorisation des humines en tant que sous produits de bioraffineries grâce à l’éco conception de matériaux poreux et à leurs applications". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4100.
Texto completoDeveloping research and markets around by-products has become indispensable not only from the environmental point of view but also for the circular economy of the industrial processes. In this context, humins constitute one of the most promising by-products. Humins are formed during the biorefinery conversion of lignocellulosic biomass derived sugars into furanic compounds. They consist in a dark-colored, highly viscous, mixture of oligomers derived from random condensations between the several intermediates (mainly HMF and derivatives) formed during the acid catalyzed process. Our group, along with many recent researches, have proven the many hidden possibilities of this furan-rich mixture, which might in turn be attractive for the interesting properties that humins can offer. In this thesis we report several studies performed in order to valorize this material, with a particular focus on humins foams, new polymeric carbon-based porous materials derived from industrial humins in a straightforward and economic attractive way. Humins foams can be prepared by direct heating treatments of humins industrially obtained without any preliminary step such as purification, separation or modification. We show in this manuscript that is possible to control the foams properties (pores dimension, degree of cells opening, morphology, carbon content, etc.) by controlling the preparation parameters such as temperatures applied, heating ramps, gas flow, amount of humins or kind of crucible. The mechanism of foaming has been revealed, several preparation conditions screening carried out, and the material characterized from the chemical, physico-chemical and structural point of view. Furthermore, for the first time, thermal hazard studies for both humins and humins foams have been carried out, which are indispensable for their transport and commercialization in support of entire Biorefinery. Humins foams properties have been deeply studied and tested in several fields, highlighting their most promising applications. Among these, humins foams has been successfully used in the preparation of alumina porous materials by sacrificial templating, which opens the path to future investigations involving further porous materials preparation. Along humins foams, also preliminary studies of crude humins application as dyes for sensitized solar cells and for further materials and composites preparations were carried out. This thesis not only proves how promising humins materials are, highlighting their major advantages and the points of s trength that would be competitive on the market, but also aims to increase the interest around these materials. This thesis offers a good starting point for further and future valorizations, with advantages that will involve the environment along with the entire Biorefinery
Ganfoud, Rime. "Vers des thermodurcissables bio-sourcés : polybenzoxazines à partir de cardanol et composites à base de dialdéhyde cellulose". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4209.
Texto completoTo reduce the use of finite petroleum-based resources, interest has grown regarding the valorization of renewable resources in chemistry. The work presented in this thesis focused on two bio-based resources: plant oil and lignocellulosic biomass, for the preparation of greener thermoset materials. The first part discussed about polybenzoxazine thermosets. The bio-based content was gradually increased through substitution of petro-based phenol by bio-based cardanol. Cardanol is a natural phenolic derivative extracted from the cashew nutshell liquid. A first study focused on the effect of this aliphatic side chain and how it can tune the reactivity and the final thermo-mechanical properties of the materials. In the following study the reactivity of polymerization of di-phenol monomer was investigated using advanced isoconversional analyses and thermo-mechanical analyses for a better understanding of the polymerization reaction. The second part discussed about the preparation of fully bio-based composites using modified cellulose microfibrils (MFC). Poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA) is a bio-based matrix obtained after polymerization of furfruyl alcohol (FA) with maleic anhydride, both obtained from HMF. The PFA properties can be modified by the introduction of cellulose as a filler. MFC was modified by oxidation to lead to reactive dialdehyde functions. By varying the degree of oxidation (DO), the properties of different composites were studied to determine the most adequate DO for the better PFA/MFC compatibility and the most adequate PFA/MFC ratio. Finally, the last study of this thesis focused on the concept of “all cellulose composites” (ACC), and particularly how to reduce the moisture sensitivity of these materials. Two different furanic compounds were used as cross-linkers to increase the hydrophobicity: a first compound with one furan ring and a second with two furan rings
Pin, Jean-Mathieu. "Matrices thermodurcissables époxydes et furaniques biosourcées – conception d’assemblages macromoléculaires". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4027/document.
Texto completoThe research work presented in this thesis was oriented on advanced thermoset materials and also on the conception of bio-based polymers and composites. This last topic has been investigated by the combination of different bio-based raw materials which are well-known to have a great potential to substitute the petroleum monomers. Firstly, a fundamental work has been done on the combination of epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and anhydrides as cross-linkers, which links the polymerization reactivity with the network structure and thermomechanical properties. For being economically realistic, the bio-refineries are urged to valorize the sidestream products issued from biomass conversion. In that respect, a second study investigated successfully the incorporation and copolymerization of an important amount of humins (heterogeneous residues obtained during the sugar conversion into hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)) with furfuryl alcohol (FA) in order to create new resins. Another proposed combination, focused on ELO and FA cationic copolymerization with the purpose to create new fully bio-based resins with tailored mechanical properties. Concerning the elaboration of advanced polymers and composites, a reflection around the hierarchically organized natural materials has been achieved in order to adapt the self-organization and structuration concepts to polymeric network
Kulis, Raphaëlle. "Mécanique de polymères thermodurcissables bio-sourcés et rajeunissement hydrique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET003.
Texto completoIn order to meet growing environmental concerns, there has been a considerable interest in generating bio-based polymers with a view to replacing the traditional oil-based chemistries. This thesis focuses on polyester thermosetting resins derived from renewable feedstock. Product optimization is however currently impeded by the limited knowledge about the mechanical properties of these new polymers. Indeed, the material foamability coupled to fast polymerization during processing prevents the fabrication and characterization of macroscopic polymer samples under technologically relevant conditions.To overcome this limitation, we prepare samples with micrometric sizes (typically in the 10 textmu m range) and controlled geometries from a model bio-based polyester resin. The mechanical behaviour of these micro samples is investigated experimentally using various micro mechanical characterization techniques. Because of its large hydrophilicity, the model polymer exhibits a large change in its mechanical properties upon exposure to humidity. For increasing humidity, pristine specimens undergo a water-triggered glass transition from a glassy to a water-swollen gel state which is attributed to the dramatic plasticization of the material by water. We also evidence the influence of hygric history on the mechanical, structural and sorption properties of the polymer and show that this dependence bears close similarities with the effect of thermo-mechanical physical ageing on polymer glasses. Finally, when subjected to long-term hygrothermal ageing conditions, the polymer exhibits an irreversible degradation of its mechanical properties which may be ascribed to the existence of hydrolysis process
Marrot, Laetitia. "Contribution au développement de matériaux composites à matrices thermodurcissables biosourcées et renforcées par des fibres végétales". Lorient, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORIS333.
Texto completoNowadays, depletion of fossil resources and climate change create a growing awareness of the limits of the environment. To be more respectful towards the environment, it is possible to replace glass fibers by vegetable fibers in the reinforcement of composite materials. Thermoset composite materials are well adapted for applications which require high performances. The purpose of this work is to help the development of thermoset composites reinforced with vegetable fibers. First, we highlighted hemp fibers characteristics and their main microstructural specificities, which make them different from flax. Consequences on hemp fibers of activities related to the harvesting steps like decorticating and retting have been investigated. Then, we found interesting results for the use of biobased epoxy and polyester resins in terms of mechanical performances and adhesion with flax fibers. It has been showed that the hardener nature of the epoxy matrix has an influence on the adhesion with a flax fiber. In the last section, we considered industrial composites reinforced with flax fibers with petrochemical and biobased epoxy matrices. We checked the specifications for the mechanical properties in automotive, railway transport and luxury furniture applications. In spite of several defects, especially porosities, the composites showed satisfying tensile and bending properties. Impact properties remained insufficient though
Gérard, David. "Etude de la réaction Carbamate / Aldéhyde et son application vers de nouveaux matériaux thermodurcissables". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI105.
Texto completoThe vast majority of the crosslinking systems currently involved in the synthesis of thermosetting resins require the use of hazardous components for the environment as well as for the operators. Polyurethanes (PU), which are among the most important polymer materials thanks to their versatile properties, are not an exception to this issue. Polyurethanes are indeed classically obtained by polyaddition between a polyol and a polyisocyanate, the synthesis of the latter involving the use of highly toxic phosgene derivatives. The development of safer and more eco-friendly alternatives to those already existing crosslinking systems are thus of particular interest for both academic and industrial research teams. The aim of this project is to explore a new alternative for the synthesis of crosslinked polyurethanes via the reaction between primary carbamate and aldehyde functions. Although being known since the 19th century, this reaction hasn’t been used to make crosslinked polymers until very recently, without exploring biobased alternatives. This work starts with the comprehensive study of the carbamate / aldehyde reaction through model reactions in order to validate the feasibility of this new route. A proposed mechanism completes this fundamental study aiming to understand the key parameters of this reaction. In the next part of our work, we applied this knowledge to multifunctionnal systems, in order to obtain linear PU oligomers and PU networks using biobased precursors