Tesis sobre el tema "Théorie des ressources multiples"
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Simonin, Cécile. "Planification de ressources multiples pour la recherche d’information". Rennes 1, 2008. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2008/simonin.pdf.
Texto completoThis PhD is related to Search Theory, which is the field of Operations Research which deals with maximizing the detection of one or more (static or moving) targets, by optimizing the detection resources placement. Our work deals with the detection of Markovian targets, when search resources are scarce compared to the size of the space of search where targets are hidden. The space of search must then be partitioned into search zones, to which search resources (sensors) must be allotted. It results in hierarchical search problems, which have not been much studied in the literature. Two problems of importance for the Intelligence community are stated. First, we consider cross-cueing search. In such problems, a target needs to be detected at the same time by two different sensors. We also consider the cross-cueing search in a monosensor framework: a target must be detected by the same sensor at consecutive time periods. Then, the multitarget search is detailed. In this kind of problems, the goal is to optimize search of more than one targets by means of a unique sensor
Stéphan, Antoine. "Stratégies d’allocation des ressources et optimisation de solutions OFDM avec précodage linéaire pour les communications ultra large bande". Rennes, INSA, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376631.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we propose a new ultra-wideband (UWB) system for high data rate wireless personal area network (WPAN) applications, based on the well-known multiband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) solution supported by the WiMedia Alliance. In a first step, we analytically investigate the use of a linear precoded OFDM (LP-OFDM) waveform for UWB systems. The precoding function is then analytically optimized and different resource allocation algorithms maximizing the system range and throughput, and minimizing the system mean BER, are proposed. In a second step, a global UWB system approach is carried out, complementarily to the analytical study. Furthermore, a MIMO component is added to the LP-OFDM system in order to improve the system robustness as well as to provide a data rate of 1 Gb/s. System simulation results show that the joint use of MIMO and LP-OFDM schemes in UWB leads to a significant system improvement compared to the MB-OFDM system.
Remigereau, Alexis. "Charge cognitive et allocation des ressources attentionnelles en situation multitâche et multimodale simulée : le cas du chef de groupe d'infanterie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPASW003.
Texto completoThe saturation of infantry squad leaders' cognitive resources is a major challenge of modern military operations. A high cognitive load entails risks for the health and safety of the combatant, and it is necessary to study the factors responsible for this increase. Ecological situations by their very nature lack experimental control, so microworlds that simulate real-life tasks are the usual alternative to field studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are currently no microworlds reproducing the operational tasks of an infantry squad leader. Moreover, one of the causes of increased cognitive load is the saturation of visual-spatial and auditory-verbal perceptual channels, a phenomenon regularly encountered by squad leaders when they have to perform several tasks simultaneously, such as commanding subordinates and orienting themselves in the environment. This problem is part of an ongoing debate that pits single-resource attention models against multiple, independent resource models. Experimentation is needed to help resolve this debate. The aim of this thesis was twofold. The first was to design and validate a new microworld: the Simulated Multitasking Environment for the Squad leader (SMES). Qualitative research was first carried out to identify several generic tasks of the squad leader (i.e. common to many situations in the field), which guided the design of SMES. The psychometric validation of SMES was then based on two experiments: (i) the first assessed the psychometric qualities of the microworld when tasks were performed individually; and (ii) the second explored simultaneous tasks, reflecting the complexity of the real environment. The results showed that the parameters manipulated for each task were relevant for inducing different levels of cognitive load. The convergent and content validity of the SMES were also satisfactory in multitask conditions, but not in monotask conditions. Performance in multitasking situations therefore does not seem to depend on the specific skills mobilized by each task, suggesting the existence of a general multitasking ability. The second aim of the thesis was to study the effect of the requirement of a multitasking situation on cognitive load as a function of the perceptual modalities of the tasks. Experimentation was used to address some of the limitations identified in the literature, such as the lack of control over the individual demand level of competing tasks, the speed-accuracy trade-off and the overall demand of the multitasking situation. The results show that, as cognitive load increases, a general (i.e. amodal) resource reservoir supplements the visual-spatial and auditory-verbal reservoirs. This suggests the existence of a hierarchical model integrating single and multiple resource models. At the end of this research program, we propose recommendations for the design of future equipment to reduce the cognitive load generated by its use
Li, Zhi. "Commande optimale (en Production et Stock) de Systèmes Assemble-To-Order (ATO) avec prise en compte de demandes en composants individuels". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866378.
Texto completoGrossglauser, Matthias. "Controle des ressources de reseaux sur des echelles temporelles multiples". Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066148.
Texto completoGROSSGLAUSER, MATTHIAS Fdida Serge. "CONTROLE DES RESSOURCES DE RESEAUX SUR DES ECHELLES TEMPORELLES MULTIPLES /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. http://icapeople.epfl.ch/grossglauser/thesis.html.
Texto completoBaudais, Jean-Yves. "Une contribution à l'allocation des ressources des systèmes précodés à porteuses multiples". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01064975.
Texto completoPêcher, Arnaud. "Des multiples facettes des graphes circulants". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00332976.
Texto completoLes activités de recherche d'un enseignant-chercheur ne s'inscrivent pas souvent dans un plan de recherche soigneusement pensé. Elles évoluent en fonction de multiples impondérables, dont notamment les rencontres avec d'autres chercheurs ou encore les opportunités ``stratégiques'' de financement. De ce fait, il n'est pas toujours facile de dégager un fil conducteur qui permette de regrouper un ensemble des résultats obtenus ``au fil de l'eau'' sans avoir recours à des raccourcis un peu ``artificiels''.
Lorsque je me suis efforcé de dégager un point commun à mes travaux, je me suis aperçu que des objets mathématiques bien particuliers n'étaient jamais très loin de mes activités: les groupes cycliques finis. En creusant un peu plus cette perception, il m'est apparu que mes travaux accordent une place considérable à des graphes élémentaires associés aux groupes cycliques, dits graphes ou encore webs.
Ce document est donc consacré à la mise en valeur des multiples facettes de ces graphes. ``Facettes'' est ici à double sens, puisqu'une partie conséquente de mes résultats est précisément dédiée à la détermination des facettes de certains polytopes associés aux graphes!
Sur la forme, les preuves ont été omises afin d'alléger le texte, à l'exception de quelques preuves sélectionnées pour leur brièveté et pour la pertinence du résultat qu'elles procurent. Des hyperliens pointent vers la version anglaise des preuves manquantes, telles qu'elles figurent dans le recueil d'articles en annexe. Pour faciliter également la lecture, l'index à la fin de l'ouvrage redonne toutes les principales définitions.
Sur le fond, ce document est structuré de la manière suivante.
Le premier chapitre est consacré aux principaux résultats connus sur les graphes parfaits. Ceci permet de définir les objets mathématiques utilisés par la suite, et de rappeler l'extraordinaire richesse conceptuelle des graphes parfaits.
Dans le second chapitre, nous abordons un raffinement de la coloration usuelles des graphes, appelé ``coloration circulaire''. Cette coloration est à l'origine d'une généralisation récente des graphes parfaits: les ``graphes circulaires-parfaits''. Nous étudions la possibilité d'une caractérisation analogue à celles des graphes parfaits, que ce soit par sous-graphes exclus ou bien polyédrale.
Dans le troisième chapitre, nous nous intéressons à une généralisation naturelle des webs: ``les graphes quasi-adjoints''. Il s'agit d'une sous-famille des graphes sans griffe, et à ce titre, l'étude de leur polytope des stables est de première importance.
Dans le quatrième chapitre, nous menons des investigations directes sur le polytope des stables des graphes sans griffe.
La conclusion est donnée dans le dernier et cinquième chapitre, qui contient également une brève présentation de quelques résultats préliminaires quant au calcul en temps polynomial du nombre circulaire-chromatique des graphes circulaires-parfaits et au calcul du nombre de stabilité des graphes quasi-adjoints. Tout repose sur l'introduction d'un nouveau polytope construit à partir des webs ...
Baghiani, Abdelaziz. "Production jointe et théorie des ressources non renouvelables". Toulouse 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU10012.
Texto completoWhat we mean by the joint production in opposition to the simple production is one of several goods simultaneously in a same process. In the theory of on renewable resources, the crude oil refining constitutes one of the most striking examples of the simple production. We may define the linked extracts as the resulting goods of the same method of production, indeed it is impossible to produce one without the other one; as a matter of fact they are produced in thin or variable proportions according to the quality of the extracted ore and the refining fittings. An introductory preliminary concerning the "refining stakes" is fundamental to apprehend the history and the evolution of the refining industry until the new orientation and the current integration strategy of the oil producing countries from upstream to downstream in the oil channel. The examination of a pattern dealing with the important points which influence this new orientation. The key constituents of this pattern are: - stocking processes ; - fluctuation in the demand ; - extracted ore quality. The pattern development according to the loosening of on hypothesis to another one gives substantial results together with exhaustion theory which is already known by the firm, in addition to the strict following of the hotteling rule concerning the development of the marginal profit at a race equal to the interest rates
Estivie, Sylvia. "Allocation de ressources multi-agents : théorie et pratique". Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090029.
Texto completoIn the field of multi-agent systems, most of researches on the indivisible ressources allocation focus on the centralized problem (combinatorial auctions). To tackle this problem, we propose to use a distributed decision making coupled with negotiations between agents. The objective is to analyze the allocations reached at the end of these negotiations and more particularly with their social welfare. This study is conduced in a restricted, but very realistic, bilateral exchanges framework, where agents are selfish and rational. In the first part of the work , we present : (i) the compact representations of the preferences and the different types of utility functions, and (ii) the study of the omplexity of reaching the social welfare. Since the allocation should be both effective and equitable, in the second part of the work we focus on the egalitarianism problem in the selfish agents society. Specifically, we are concerned with different egalitarian social welfare, in respect to two points : (i) egalitarian social welfare, and (ii) envy-free. Knowing that the rational individual exchanges framework are well adopted to get the utilitarian social well fare,then two important questions should be addressed. First, up to what point these exchanges or transactions make it possible to reach or approach an egalitarian optimum? Second, what happen regarding envy? These two points will be discussed in this thesis
Ben, Jabeur Marouene. "Résolution du problème d'allocation optimale de ressources multiples à l'aide d'un algorithme génétique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27261/27261.pdf.
Texto completoDelgay-Troïse, Denis. "Théorie des ressources spécifiques et évolution des spécialisations internationales". Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE0010.
Texto completoIn the fifty past years, the pure theory of trade has developed the argument that material comparative advantages generate a long-run equilibrium. The final result is the static and determinist heckscherohlin-samuelson model of international trade. However in recent years appears with the new literature on specific factors the idea that exist short-run temporary equilibria of specialization. But the synthesis of these two complementary visions is a problem, because it uses a simple mecanicist concept of adjustment process. With a new definition of the specificity, which includes adjustment costs and uncertainty, we can show that the medium-run specialization is explain by expectations of owners of resources. Little stochastic disturbances can generate multiple long-run equilibria. The heckscher-ohlin-samuelson predictions are no longer confirm. To conclude, our last outcome is very similar to that of models of international trade with external economies: the long-run equilibrium of specialization depends on the initial conditions given by history, tastes and expectations as far as material and human allocations
Toufik, Issam. "Allocation dynamique des ressources dans les futurs systèmes cellulaires". Paris, ENST, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENST0053.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we consider the interesting problem of channel allocation for multiuser wideband systems with Hard Fairness constraints. We first address the problem of resource allocation for single cell single antenna wideband Multiple Access Channels (MAC) under hard fairness constraints. We show that for wideband systems, with intelligently allocated resources, guaranteeing QoS for a set of users is not necessarily accompanied with a huge system performance degradation. We define the Delay-Limited capacity with a Lagrangian characterization of its boundary surface. An iterative algorithm for resource allocation to achieve a rate vector target with minimum power is proposed. We also propose different algorithms for resource allocation when orthogonal signaling is adopted with different hard fairness constraints. It is shown through numerical results that these orthogonal signaling fair algorithms achieve performances approaching that of the optimal delay limited strategy. We then extend our study to the downlink of multiple antenna multi-cellular wideband systems. We show how the additional spatial dimension affects the system performance in terms of spectral efficiency and minimum allocated channel gain. We propose different allocation and transmission techniques. We then extend our study to multi-cellular systems and show the benefit from using distributed antennas in terms of both system throughput and fairness. We also address another important issue of future wireless systems: Feed-back load. We propose different feed-back schemes, for MIMO-OFDMA systems with opportunistic beamforming
Renaud, Fabien. "Les ressources explicites vues par la théorie de la réécriture". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697408.
Texto completoSimeus, Marlène. "Théorie de l'agence : investissements en ressources humaines et performance financière". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22017.pdf.
Texto completoBouton, Eric Albert. "Algorithmes d'allocation de ressources pour des systèmes à interférence". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005795.
Texto completoAmer, Asmaa. "Resource Allocation in NOMA-based cellular networks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG089.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to optimize resources allocation within NOMA systems, particularly downlink cooperative NOMA systems, within single-antenna and multiple antenna base station (BS) configurations. This aims to maximize spectral and energy efficiency, and to propose more efficient NOMA schemes that can reap benefits of NOMA and address the limitations of currently considered NOMA schemes, in terms of power consumption and receiver complexity. In the first contribution, a network-slicing-based cooperative NOMA based system is investigated to accommodate both cellular users and device-to-device (D2D) pairs with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and Ultra reliable low latency communication (URLLC) services requirements. The optimization problem is formulated as sum-throughput maximization with three optimization variables: NOMA-users clustering, underlying D2D- admission, and resource blocks (RBs) allocation. The problem is decoupled into three sub-problems. A sequential algorithmic solution is proposed, starting by users clustering, followed by RBs allocation, and finally D2D admission. The users clustering and D2D admission sub-problems are solved using low-complexity many-to-one matching theory solution. The RBs allocation problem is solved using heuristics approach. In the second contribution, we revisit the trade-off between user access and the successive interference cancellation (SIC) complexity of NOMA receivers. As more users share the same resources, interference and SIC complexity escalate. Unlike conventional pairing-based NOMA schemes, we propose an overlapping cooperative NOMA scheme where each cell-edge user can share resources with multiple cell-center users, even if cell-center users are using orthogonal resources between each other. This approach enhances user connectivity, improves cell-edge user performance, and maintains low SIC complexity. The problem is formulated as maximization of Quality-of-Service (QoS) satisfaction of cell-edge users, and is solved using a many-to-many matching theory algorithm with swapping and add/remove strategies. In the third thesis contribution, we propose a hybrid Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA)/NOMA system, to adapt the multiple access mode, either NOMA or SDMA, based on the power consumption. In the power consumption model, unlike NOMA literature, where power induced by SIC units at the receiver is overlooked, we introduce dynamic power consumption model based on the SIC power. The problem is formulated as maximizing energy efficiency by optimizing the multiple access mode selection, BS beamforming, and user power allocation. This approach prevents overestimation of energy efficiency, consequently, avoids gaps between its theoretical evaluation and practical system design, an aspect particularly critical for energy-constrained NOMA devices. The problem is solved using successive convex approximation (SCA), difference of convex (DC) programming and semidefinite programming (SDP) approaches
Hachour, Samir. "Suivi et classification d'objets multiples : contributions avec la théorie des fonctions de croyance". Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0206/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with multi-objet tracking and classification problem. It was shown that belieffunctions allow the results of classical Bayesian methods to be improved. In particular, a recentapproach dedicated to a single object classification which is extended to multi-object framework. Itwas shown that detected observations to known objects assignment is a fundamental issue in multiobjecttracking and classification solutions. New assignment solutions based on belief functionsare proposed in this thesis, they are shown to be more robust than the other credal solutions fromrecent literature. Finally, the issue of multi-sensor classification that requires a second phase ofassignment is addressed. In the latter case, two different multi-sensor architectures are proposed, aso-called centralized one and another said distributed. Many comparisons illustrate the importanceof this work, in both situations of constant and changing objects classes
Mateus, Lamus Diana Carolina. "Méthodes spectrales pour la modélisation d'objets articulés à partir de videos multiples". Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0086.
Texto completoA major challenge in the unsupervised modeling of articulated objects observed from multiple-view videos is the capture of motion. This problem implies establishing correspondences between the objects across frames. We provide three approaches to solve the problem based on computer vision techniques and spectral graph theory. The first relies on modeling the scene as a sparse collection of 3-D points (surfels). We propose two multi-view extensions of the Lucas-Kanade algorithm to track the features in 3-D and efficiently recover the scene-flow. The second is based on spectral graph theory and searches to establish dense correspondences between pairs of articulated shapes represented by graphs. We revisit classical methods and propose an alternative solution for matching large and sparse graphs. Finally, we consider the consistent segmentation of the object in time based on the extension of spectral clustering methods to sequences
Erdlenbruch, Katrin. "Essais en économie des ressources renouvelables". Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10001.
Texto completoThis thesis constitutes a study on renewable resource economics. Chapter 2 presents two types of extracting behaviour in two optimal control models, continuous and impulse control. Chapter 3 analyses stock dependent instruments and shows their advantages. Chapter 4 compares the two types of extracting behaviour and demonstrates that the impulse control generates higher gains, whereas fiscal revenues and stocks are not always higher. Chapter 5 establishes a dynamic game and shows that the scope for cooperation between heterogeneous agents is greatest for intermediary levels of heterogeneity. Chapter 6 studies forest exploitation and fiscal- and regulatory systems of the forest sector in the Democratic Republic of Congo and in France. Finally, chapter 7 presents a study on forest biodiversity and indicates the economic criteria and cutting strategies that are beneficial for biodiversity preservation
Tabareau, Nicolas. "Modalités de ressources et contrôle en logique tensorielle". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077149.
Texto completoThis thesis presents tensorial logic, a primitive version of linear logic where involutive negation is replaced by tensorial negation. As an illustration, we reformulate coherent spaces and finiteness spaces as two different models of linear logic obtained from the same model of tensorial logic by changing the negation. Tensorial logic semantics is, from our point of view, categorical and built on the notions of dialogue category and resource modalities. We provide a mild extension of Conway games that models tensorial logic and where all connectors, and in particular resource modalities, are interpreted in non-degenerate fashion. In order to construct resource modalities more automatically, a framework for Computing the free algebras of an enriched T-theory is developed. This construction, based on the notion of proarrow equipment, relies on two properties: a combinatorial one, operadicity; and an algebraic one, algebraic completeness. Next, a game model equipped with a trace operator and a notion of multibracketing is presented. The control obtained from multibracketing is seen as a resource policy. This model is used to interpret a language with higher order references. Finally, we consider lower level semantics. We begin with studying the multicategorical structure induced by a dialogue category; this leads us to define control multicategories. We then formalize a semantic type safety for a compiler (assembly code) in Coq. This formalization depends upon the definition of a relational semantics for memory states whose structure is inspired by dialogue categories
Soudères, Ismaël. "Motifs de Tate mixtes et éclatements à la Mac Pherson-Procesi : une application aux valeurs zêta multiples motiviques". Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077205.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we study the close links between multiple zêta values and the geometry of moduli spaces of curves in genius zero. It is shown how the properties of forgetful maps between moduli spaces of curves lead to the double shuffle relations for multiple zêta values MZVs (shuffle and stuffle). The main result of this work shows that these double shuffle relations hold for the motivic multiple zêta values attached to the moduli space of curves defined by Goncharov and Manin. First we show how those double shuffle relations are linked to the geometry of the moduli spaces of curves in genus 0. The next step, after a review on framed mixed motives, is to obtain shuffle relations for for the framed mixed motives defined by Goncharov and Manin, which are attached to both multiple zêta values and moduli spaces of curves. The last chapter of my thesis is devoted to the problem of the motivic stuffle. There, we adapt a theorem from Y. Hu about successive blow-ups to the situation of mixed Tate motives and then build a family of varieties. After some considerations on intersections of specific hypersurfaces in the affine and on the mixed Hodge structure of some relative cohomology groups, this family makes it possible to construct a new version of motivic multiple zêta values. Using the geometry of this family of varieties and these new motivic multiple zêta values it is easy to deduced some motivic stuffle relations for the new motivic multiple zêta values which lead, by comparison with the moduli spaces of curve, to motivic stuffle relations for the motivic multiple zêta values defined by Goncharov and Manin. Ented directions. Then, by studying the edges's lengths of these polygonal boundaries, we show that every polygon is the boundary of a minimal disk
Andreotti, Francesca Romana. "Les ressources du français dans l'oeuvre de Giacomo Leopardi : théorie et pratique". Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030071.
Texto completoFrench - meant as a cultural and linguistic whole with a unique philosophical-literary coding structured in ensemble of forms, genres and texts – has a crucial role in the thought and in the works of Giacomo Leopardi, from the beginning of his philosophical and literary education to his very late writings. It is, indeed, the only modern language - i.e. the only available resource for the interlinguistic exchange in the translation-transaction - which acted significantly in the author’s elaboration and production, emerging as the other language par excellence. Its ambivalent role both in writing, where French is used in a fruitful and refined way, and in theory, where it is faced to a polemical and critical approach, is evident throughout the Zibaldone, in author’s theoretical considerations about languages and translation, in many notes about lexicology and contrastive linguistic as well as in literary forms varying from the assay to the poem or the letter. In this context, the first section of this thesis explores, from a translatological point of view, Leopardi’s use of French in those various forms of writings where the linguistic invention and the genesis of literary texts themselves set up in the field of the entre-deux between similar languages. The second section, instead, focuses on the relation among short forms, poetic writing and the practice of the re-writing from a language to another, in the translation-remake of A.V. Arnault’s La Feuille, the tale in form of a poem, that Leopardi put at the end of the Canti, in its very last structure published in 1835
Amundsen, Eirik Schroder. "Les rentes dans la théorie des ressources épuisables : le cas du pétrole". Paris 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA02T109.
Texto completoThe existence of resource rent, like the existence of land rent, is based on a scarcity which can not be removed by technological replication, either because this is impossible in a physical sens or because the cost of so doing is too high. But, as the concept of land rent is a static concept attached to the production of services from the nature, the concept of ressource rent is a dynamic concept attached to the value of a stock of a natural resource and to the long term intensive and extensive optimal exploitation of that stock. In the present thesis, the concept of resource rent is analysed in applying the economic theory of natural resources. This analysis is effectuated for different market forms. However, in real life, the practical measurement of the rent attached to a natural resource such as crude oil, is difficult because one cannot expect that the petroleum markets follow in detail the theoretical models considered. It is for these reasons that a general equilibrium model for the world's petroleum markets is applied in calculating the different categories of rent
Guionnet, Thomas. "Codage robuste par descriptions multiples pour transmission sans fil d'information multimédia". Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10052.
Texto completoEl, Aoun Ben Mrad Olfa. "Contribution à la théorie de la gouvernance des entreprises : l'investissement en capital humain". Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOE005.
Texto completoOur research aims at understanding the real behaviour of organizations in terms of human capital investment (HCI). In this context, the role of corporate governance – as to the transactions that occur between the firm and the employees through the organisational architecture – in the definition of the nature of the IHC is decisive, considering that the objective is to assure a long term (durable) value creation. To do so, the definition of the nature of the HCI will go through the examination of the relations firm/employee, that takes place within the firm. This relation is studied under the contractual and cognitive theories framework. A program of research based on these two approaches jointly is then adopted. That’s how the mechanisms of governance condition the HCI in a way that preserves and protects the human capital; and in a way that incites employees to invest in their human capital and increase it (being in line with corporate objectives). The value creation objective in this context implies disciplinarian mechanisms that minimize transaction and conflict costs, as well as cognitive mechanisms that enable to integrate the innovation process in relation with the human capital where the skills, capacities and trainings seem necessary to assure in a durable way the creation of the organizational income. The empirical study outlined that the HCI depends more on informal corporate organization (implicit contract and enterprise culture) in place than formal pre-established structures. It also seems that the HIC as well as the corporate organization installed constitute main components of the formation of organizational capital
Vignolo, Thierry. "L'appariement stratégique dans les jeux évolutionnistes : une réponse au problème des équilibres multiples". Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON10033.
Texto completoOgilvie, Andrew. "Caractérisation des ressources et usages de multiples hydro-sociosystèmes : les retenues collinaires du bassin du Merguellil (Tunisie centrale)". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS092/document.
Texto completoSmall reservoirs and other water and soil conservation techniques have become increasingly widespread across semi-arid regions, due to their ability to reduce transportation of eroded soil and harvest scarce and unreliable rainfall for local users. Revealing diverse but often limited levels of agricultural water use, the reasons behind these were explored based on assessments of water availability, practices and associated drivers upscaled across 50 small reservoirs in the Upper Merguellil catchment (Central Tunisia). MNDWI on 546 treated Landsat images over 1999-2014 were used in combination with extensive field data to develop and validate water availability assessments for all reservoirs. An Ensemble Kalman Filter approach was used to combine remotely sensed surface area with a GR4J-water balance model and notably reduce runoff uncertainties arising from highly variable and localised rainfall intensities. These notably reduced mean annual availability RMSE to the order of 10 000 m3 on lakes where initial capacities vary between 20 000 m3 and over 1 000 000 m3, and identified the potential of each lake to support agriculture during the dry season.In parallel, rapid surveys, quantitative questionnaires and semi directed interviews were used to identify water uses and socio economic and institutional drivers influencing the smallholder livelihoods around these reservoirs. Using multi-stage samples of farmers allowed to progressively narrow and refine the analysis which were then upscaled based on typologies of lakes. Results confirmed withdrawals remained limited and focussed essentially on the occasional watering of fruit trees. On a handful of lakes, water resources were a limiting factor but rarely a sufficient factor to explain the heterogeneous water uses observed around reservoirs. Most farmers were not equipped with the suitable capabilities to increase their withdrawals as a result of problems over pumps, water access and conflicts, compounded through limited and short term government assistance. Individual successes were observed as a result of farmers possessing adequate economic resilience and/or means to secure alternate water supplies during dry spells. Faced with limited available storage capacities and prolonged droughts, small reservoirs must in this climatic context retain their supplementary irrigation focus and not strive to support widespread intensification of practices
Billaut, Jean-Charles. "Prise en compte des ressources multiples et des temps de préparation dans les problèmes d'ordonnancement en temps réel". Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30194.
Texto completoLe, Scouarnec Nicolas. "Codage pour l'optimisation de ressources dans les systèmes distribués". Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545641.
Texto completoJob, Louis. "Les prix des biens agricoles et miniers et la notion de rente : contribution à la théorie économique des ressources naturelles". Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE0002.
Texto completoGaoning, He. "Strategie d'Allocation de Ressources sans Fils à Base de la Théorie des Jeux". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006066.
Texto completoLehoux, Vassilissa. "Théorie et applications en ordonnancement : contraintes de ressources et tâches agrégées en catégories". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997319.
Texto completoHe, Gaoning. "Stratégie d'allocation de ressources sans fils à base de la théorie des jeux". Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00006066.
Texto completoA multiuser wireless environment is a highly structured system where competition and cooperation coexist. The aim of this thesis is to illustrate the role and the applications of game theory to the resource allocation problem in selforganizing multiuser wireless networks. Various game-theoretical tools will be considered, including strategic form games with complete information, potential games, Bayesian games, and Nash bargaining games. There are four main results in this thesis. First,non-cooperative games with complete information are introduced to study the resource allocation problem in the context of small-cell wireless networks. It is shown that this game can be viewed as a potential game. Thus, the existence and convergence of equilibrium can be readily addressed. Second, non-cooperative games with incomplete information are introduced to study a distributed resource allocation problem in the context of fading multiple access channels. This Bayesian game formulation is important from a practical point of view, as wireless devices can have local information but can barely access to global information on the network status. Further, coupled constraints games as well as various fairness concepts are introduced to study the rate allocation problem in the capacity region of multiple access channels. The concept of normalized equilibrium is adopted to address the equilibrium selection problem. Finally, Nash bargaining games are introduced to improve the non-cooperative system performance of the small-cell wireless networks
Guermeur, Yann. "SVM Multiclasses, Théorie et Applications". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203086.
Texto completoleurs performances constituent l'état de l'art dans de multiples domaines
de la reconnaissance des formes, d'autre part, elles possèdent des propriétés statistiques remarquables. Le premier modèle de SVM proposé par Vapnik et ses co-auteurs calcule des dichotomies. Il peut être utilisé pour effectuer des tâches de discrimination à catégories multiples, dans le cadre de l'application de méthodes de décomposition. Des SVM multi-classes ont également été proposées dans la littérature, parmi lesquelles nous distinguons celles qui s'appuient sur un modèle affine multivarié, que nous nommons M-SVM. Ce mémoire se présente comme une étude synthétique de la discrimination à catégories multiples au moyen de SVM. Il se concentre plus particulièrement sur l'analyse des M-SVM.
Le chapitre deux est consacré à la description des SVM multi-classes,
à leur mise en oeuvre et à l'analyse de leurs performances. Nous présentons successivement le cadre théorique de leur étude, les différents modèles, une étude théorique de leurs performances en généralisation, leur programmation ainsi que les différentes méthodes de sélection de modèle qui leur sont dédiées. Le chapitre trois décrit une application de la M-SVM de Weston et Watkins en biologie structurale prédictive. Le problème traité est la prédiction de la structure secondaire des protéines globulaires.
Poitrineau, Karine. "Evolution de la résistance aux ennemis naturels et intéractions multiples : théorie et système biologique drosophiles-parasitoi͏̈des". Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20016.
Texto completoMéry, Daniel. "Preuves et sémantiques dans des logiques de ressources". Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10160.
Texto completoResource-aware logics are powerful tools for specifying properties. In the context of a mathematical theory of resources, we build proof-search methods which capture the dynamic interactions between resources by means of labels and constraints. We present the BI-logic which, due to its resource-sharing interpretation, appears as the logical kernel of a wide range of resource logics. We develop tableau-based and connection-based proof-search methods, with counter-model generation facilities, for the consistent fragment of BI. We extend our proof methods to the whole fragment of propositional BI, showing that it is decidable and has the finite model property. We propose new complete semantics for BI and specialize ou methods to intuitionistic logic and intuitionistic multiplicative linear logic. We study the affine and boolean variants of BI and their links with the pointer logic
Cadéré, Christian. "Politiques d'allocations de ressources dans les réseaux optiques". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0036.
Texto completoThis thesis was done within the frame of the CARRIOCAS project of the System@tic competitiveness pole and of the ECOFRAME project. The first aspect that is studied, is the study of data transportation in a slotted optical network, in which routers have optical memories (a delay loop). We show that minimizing the overall delay of a flow (i. E. The delay of its longest elementary path) is a NP-complete problem. We analyse through simulations the efficiency of a simple heuristic algorithm allowing an online resource allocation in the ring and measure the impact of those loops for the application acceptance rate. The second aspect concerns the resource virtualization mechanisms in the network. We study this problem through graph mapping and prove the NP-completeness of the associated problems. We propose an online routing algorithm aiming for the best use of network resources while satisfying the hard QoS constraints of the applications. We analyse through simulations its efficiency to map the applications. Finally, the third aspect that we study is the study of resource aggregation policies. The CARRIOCAS network is made of several entities: the network that provides connectivity and IT services and the clients. However, the client demands generally have a too small granularity for the network to analyse them one by one and efficiently allocate its resources. We thus have to consider an intermediary entity that we name access provider that will aggregate the client demands and send requests of sufficient size to the network in order to maximize the chances that these requests are accepted. These aggregation choices are hard to make, because the access provider doesn't know the characteristics of the network. We study the dynamic learning of an aggregation policy by the access provider using a game, where the search for Nash equilibriums is made using a re-inforcement learning algorithm (Linear Reward-Inaction)
Portigliatti, Vincent. "Contribution à l'allocation dynamique de ressources pour les composants expressifs dans les systèmes répartis". Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2018.
Texto completoThe context of the work presented in this phd thesis is between the fields of the components distributed systems, the resources management, the load balancing and the components mobility, with a view to take into account the applications needs, with the help of logical decisions, in order to deploy and the place these applications. Our study ranges from modeling of the resources administration and deployment for a component based distributed system in a corba environment, to the implementation of our system. The mobility of the components is based on a logical decision using the load, the communication and the application needs (constraints and preferences) information to optimize the resource allocation during deployment and placement. The results obtained show that the overhead of our system is rather low compared to the given advantages. Our system is able to provide a better execution and a better placement for the applications and components not only in terms of performances, but also in terms of application needs satisfaction compared to the execution site properties. We use the concept of reflexion and a technique of containers to provide the transparency of resource allocation and adaptation to the environment. Our main contribution to this field of research is using a combination of existing theories, models and existing platforms to come up with a tested solution which can be used to improve the effectiveness of component based application execution
Ayora, Pauline. "Recrutement de ressources attentionnelles au cours de la production du langage". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10072.
Texto completoLanguage production is a cognitive activity long studied in isolation from more general cognitive processes that could underlie its achievement. Our approach aimed to contribute to the emerging dynamics of the opening of psycholinguistics to other domains of cognitive psychology by specifying how linguistic mechanisms interact with attentional mechanisms. To do so, we first investigated to which extent producing a single linguistic unit relies on selection mechanisms. Also, we highlighted the attentional mechanisms underlying these lexical selection mechanisms: The selections of two types of grammatical words were compared: open- and closed- class words. Results revealed that the selections of both, closed-class words structuring the phrase, and open-class words conveying meaning, require attentional resources. In a third study, we showed that the semantic interference effect - affecting a competition mechanism supposedly taking place at the level of lexical selection- can in fact be resolved before the involvement of central attentional resources. This suggests that this semantic interference effect possibly reflects a mechanism taking place prior to lexical selection. In a last study, we explored the temporal dynamics of our production system when engaged in the selection of several words within a sequence, using noun phrases. Chronometric results revealed that words are selected strictly sequentially. This dynamics suggests that the way attentional resources are recruited for the selection of an isolated linguistic unit can constrain the way several words are produced in a more natural speaking context
Couix, Quentin. "Ressources naturelles, thermodynamique et théorie économique de la production : une perspective historique et méthodologique". Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E010.
Texto completoThis thesis examines the methodological questions raised by the consideration of the physical dimension of the economic process in economic theory. For this purpose, it is mainly interested in the thermodynamic conception of the economy, developed in particular by Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen and Robert Ayres. More precisely, this thesis studies how the thermodynamic conception of economics is embodied in two formal representations of production – the neo-thermodynamic theory and the flow-fund theory – and how these approaches compare with the neoclassical theory of resources. To understand the methodological issues associated with these various theories, the thesis emphasizes questions related to modeling and interdisciplinarity. It shows that the neoclassical theory of resources and the neo-thermodynamic theory share the same conception of modeling, which results in the use of aggregate production functions. However, this representation of production turns out to be inadequate to account for the physical dimension of production, both conceptually and empirically. The flow-fund theory, on the contrary, constitutes a radical methodological break with regard to the aggregate production function. It is more capable of understanding the physical dimension of production from a conceptual point of view, but suffers from a lack of application. Overall, the thesis shows that the methodological issues linked to modeling should receive more attention when it comes to accounting for the physical dimension of the economic process
Hamidouche, Kenza. "La théorie des jeux pour l’allocation de ressources dans les réseaux à petites cellules". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC095/document.
Texto completoThis thesis consists in developing distributed mechanisms for resource allocation in next-generation cellular networks. In the first part of this thesis, the technical and economic challenges for the implementation of distributed storage policies in small cell networks are addressed. In particular, a proactive storage approach is proposed enabling the small base stations to exploit the information extracted from online social networks to estimate the local popularity of the files. Another optimized storage approach is proposed for ultra-dense cellular networks while accounting for the instantaneous variations of the state of the storage units. To facilitate the deployment of these storage solutions, new economic mechanisms are developed to motivate content providers to cooperate with network operators and store their files within the operators' small base stations. In the second part of this thesis, the problem of spectrum management is studied in cache-enabled small cell networks as well as LTE-U systems. In particular, a distributed backhaul management approach is proposed for cellular networks with heterogeneous backhaul links. On the other hand, a multi-game framework is proposed as a new game theoretic tool to cope with the new resource allocation problems that emerge with the introduction of LTEU technology in wireless networks. In this regard, a multi-game composed of two subgames of different types is formulated to optimize the coexistence of LTE-U base stations and WiFi users over unlicensed bands, while preventing LTE-U base stations from jeopardizing the WiFi users
Huart, Alexandre. "Optimisation de ressources en logistique urbaine". Valenciennes, 2011. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a252ee42-b39a-4baf-a429-d0bde90e91fa.
Texto completoThe growing congestion of road infrastructure, particularly in urban areas, is alarming and requires solutions to increase the logistics productivity. To achieve this goal, we propose an innovative strategy among all actors of the logistic chain which relies on the mutualization of unused logistic capacities. The purpose of this sharing policy is to create a new network of logistic services able to increase the overall ability of the system to satisfy efficiently new demands. Starting from a set of data describing the logistic system and from the set of demands, we determine the transportation route of the demands in order to maximise the revenue generated by demand acceptation. Our problem consists of the allocation of demands on the network of logistic services. A first contribution of this dissertation is our model of the logistic services based on a time-space network, which allows us to express the set of movement possibilities for each service, whatever the transportation mode might be. As opposed to long haul transportation problems, urban transportation services are not necessarily restraint to direct transportation. Next, we handle the demand allocation problem as a multi-commodity flow problem and propose a mathematical formulation. A second contribution consists of proposing a series of techniques for reducing the size of the formulation such that bigger instances can be solved in a reasonable time. For industrial use, we complete the mathematical formulation in order to consider variants of the demand allocation problem. In the last part of this dissertation we describe the integration of the demand allocation module in a software solution for industrial use
Lalam, Massinissa. "Optimisation de la concaténation de codes spatio-temporels et de codes correcteurs d'erreurs dans une transmission MIMO". Télécom Bretagne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TELB0022.
Texto completoOmar, Samir Mohamad. "Identification de canal déterministe et bayésienne en aveugle et semi-aveugle pour les communications sans fil". Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4116.
Texto completoAu cours des deux dernières décennies il y a eu un grand intérêt dans l'estimation aveugle et semi-aveugle de canal en raison des avantages offerts par ces techniques sur celles utilisant des séquences pilote. L'avantage le plus connu est l'augmentation du débit en raison de la réduction de la longueur de la séquence pilote nécessaire pour l'estimation du canal dans le récepteur. Par ailleurs, les techniques semi-aveugles sont capables d'estimer le canal dans certaines situations où l'utilisation des pilotes échoue. Il existe un tas d'algorithmes qui exploitent soit les statistiques du second ordre (SOS) ou les statistiques d'ordre supérieur (HOS) qui ont été développés et analysés dans la littérature. Récemment, ce sujet a été traité dans le contexte du codage block espace-temps (STBC), des réseaux neurones, du scenario multi-utilisateurs, et de la radio cognitive pour n'en citer que quelques-uns. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous traitons l'estimation aveugle de canal dans le contexte des systèmes SIMO et MIMO avec préfixe cyclique (CP). Nous proposons une nouvelle approche qui consiste à structurer la réalisation de la matrice de covariance permettant ainsi une amélioration significative de la qualité d'estimation, même quand seulement un seul symbole OFDM est disponible au niveau du récepteur. D'autre part, nous fournissons une analyse analytique de la performance de certains algorithmes SOS avec préfixe cyclique (CP) qui permet de mettre en évidence certaines caractéristiques de ces algorithmes et inspire la dérivation de versions améliorées. A la fin de cette partie, nous introduisons l'approche variationelle Baysienne pour effectuer l'estimation jointe ML/MAP d'estimation du canal et des symboles. Dans la deuxième partie, nous introduisons et élaborons une approche Baysienne classique pour estimer le canal et les symboles dans le contexte des systèmes SIMO aveugles et semi-aveugles. En conséquence, six différents estimateurs ML / MAP sont dérivés et leurs performances sont comparés numériquement en effectuant des simulations Monte-Carlo. Par ailleurs, nous dérivons les bornes de Cramer-Rao (CRB) correspondant aux différents scénarios de ces estimateurs. A la fin de cette partie, nous proposons une nouvelle approche quasi Bayesienne qui exploite la connaissance du profil de délai de puissance (PDP) du canal pour estimer une partie des coefficients de canal tout en négligeant les autres. Cette approche peut être mise en oeuvre dans diverses algorithmes déterministes qui existent dans la littérature, ce qui permet leur extension vers une catégorie qui se situe à mi-chemin entre les techniques déterministes et Bayesiennes. Nous montrons par des simulations et en dérivant les CRBs correspondant que cette approche conduit à une amélioration considérable de la performance de nombreux algorithmes déterministes tant en termes de l'erreur quadratique moyenne normalisé (NMSE) ou de la probabilité d'erreur sur les symboles (SER). Enfin, dans la troisième partie, nous nous concentrons sur les performances des égaliseurs linéaires et des égaliseurs à retour de décision "Decision Feedback" (DFE) à forçage à zéro (ZF) pour des canaux à évanouissements quand ils sont basés sur l'estimation (semi-) aveugle du canal. Bien qu'il est connu que les diverses techniques d'estimation de canal (semi-) aveugle ont en contrepartie un récepteur qui leur est adapté en termes d’hypothèses sur les connaissances des symboles, nous montrons ici que ces techniques (semi- ) aveugles et les récepteurs correspondant concordent aussi en termes de l'ordre de la diversité : le canal devient non-identifiable en (semi-) aveugle dès que le récepteur correspondant subit un évanouissement. Dans le cas d'un récepteur et une technique d'estimation de canal (semi-aveugle) non concordants, c'est l'ordre inférieur de la diversité qui domine. Différents cas d'estimation (semi-) aveugle de canal et de récepteurs correspondants sont examinés en détail
Yılmaz, Erhan. "Stratégies de codage pour les réseaux à base de relais". Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENST0047.
Texto completoFor future wireless communication networks one of the major concerns for service providers is to provide seamless connectivity to the end-users with quality of service (QoS) as high as possible. However, to achieve the determined QoSs for all users in the network is a challenging issue due to the time-varying characteristics of communication channels, caused by multi-path fading, path-loss and shadowing, and interference as a result of sharing the same time-frequency system resources with the other communicating terminals. Recently, base station (BS) cooperation and relay station (RS) deployment have been proposed as promising technologies to notably improve the performance of next-generation wireless systems in terms of fairness, coverage, energy/cost and spectral efficiency. In this thesis, we gravitate our attention towards the use of relay stations in different wireless communication systems such as cellular telephony, Ad-hoc and satellite networks with reliability and achievable rates being our main figures of merit. In particular, we project the insights gained from information theoretic analysis of various relaying strategies into the real world settings, and assess the effectiveness and potentials of relaying in various wireless applications
Blanchard, Romain. "Application du contrôle stochastique en théorie de la décision avec croyances multiples et non dominées en temps". Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS006/document.
Texto completoThis dissertation evolves around the following three general thematic: uncertainty, utility and no-arbitrage.In the first chapter we establish the existence of an optimal portfolio for investor trading in a multi-period and discrete-time financial market without uncertainty and maximising its terminal wealth expected utility. We consider general non-concave and non-smooth random utility function defined on the half real-line. The proof is based on dynamic programming and measure theory tools.In the next three chapters, we introduce the concept of Knightian uncertainty and adopt the multi-prior non dominated and discrete time framework introduced in [25]..In this setting, in the second chapter we study the notion of quasi-sure no-arbitrage introduced in [25] and propose two equivalent definitions: a quantitative and geometric characterisation. We also introduce a stronger no-arbitrage condition that simplifies some of the measurability difficulties.In the third chapter, we build on the results obtained in the previous chapter to study the maximisation of multiple-priors non-dominated worst-case expected utility for investors trading in a multi-period and discrete-time financial for general concave utility functions defined on the half-real line unbounded from above. The proof uses again a dynamic programming framework together with measurable selection.Finally the last chapter formulates a utility indifference pricing model for investor trading in a multi-period and discrete-time financial market. We prove that under suitable condition the multiples-priors utility indifference prices of a contingent claim converge to its multiple-priors superreplication price
Roquain, Etienne. "Motifs exceptionnels dans des séquences hétérogènes. Contributions à la théorie et à la méthodologie des tests multiples". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112141.
Texto completoThe first part of the thesis presents new statistical methods to find words with unexpected frequencies in DNA sequences. The main contribution of this work is to take the sequence heterogeneity into account when assessing the exceptionality of a word. For this, we propose several compound poisson approximations for the count of a rare word in a Markovian heterogeneous model, with a fixed or a random heterogeneity. We also propose methods to test simultaneously the exceptionality of several motifs. This leads to the second part of the thesis, in which we consider the general statistical problem of testing simultaneously a given set of null hypotheses. First, we introduce a "set-ouput" point of view on multiple testing procedures, which gives short proofs for existing false discovery rate (FDR) control results. Second, new procedures are investigated, as adaptive procedures or resampling-based procedures. The latter are derived from general confidence regions and provide a non-asymptotic control of the family-wise error rate (FWER)
Oberti, Pascal. "Evaluation et décision : de la théorie des choix de consommation à l'intégration de critères multiples et qualitatifs". Corte, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CORT1005.
Texto completoHalbwachs, Emmanuel. "Estimation à erreur bornée pour la génération d'hypothèses multiples de localisation d'un véhicule". Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1021.
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