Tesis sobre el tema "Théorie de croissance"
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Gonzalez, Patrick. "Croissance d'automates et théorie des nombres". Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22028.
Charpin, Françoise. "Théorie du cycle de vie, croissance et endettement". Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100093.
Barale, Florence. "La complementarité comme fondement de la théorie de la firme". Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0060.
The aim of the thesis is to propose a new starting point for the analysis of the firm. Production takes place within the firm. As a result, the theory of the firm cannot be built on the basis of antecedence of exchange over production. What is at stake is to provide an answer to the question raised by ronald coase in 1937 about "the nature of the firm", by beginning with an analysis of production. The analytical tool that is retained is the process of production rather than the production function, which proves to offer but a very limited view of productive activity. The suggested answer is that one of the rationales for planning and hierarchy is complementarity within production because complementarity creates the value. Moreover, such economic complementarity is of a strict kind inasmuch as it governs the very existence of the firm. The demonstration of this proposition is carried out in the first two parts of the thesis which are purely analytical and normative. The third part provides historical and empirical evidence in support of the analyses conducted in the first and second part
Rougier, Éric. "Les interactions entre la croissance économique et la croissance démographique dans les pays en développement : théorie, méthodes et analyses empiriques". Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40028.
That work is aimed at linking population and economic growth firstly on a traditional one way framework, and then on a multivariate analysis framework giving emphasis on dynamic interactions between the strategic variables. The whole thesis is built on both these perspectives. It suggests a way of renewing the population-economics question. The malthusian and neo-classical traditional foundations are first challenged. The approach of interactions between population and economic growth is then modelised in the original framework of endogeneous growth models, endogenizing population growth. The welfare effects of population growth are then no longer necessarily adverse. In some cases, rapid population growth can even stimulate economic progress. That theoretical model is also estimated on panel data from developing countries. Most of the theoretical hypothesis are then proved relevant. The results are able to renew the traditional pictures about the economic consequences of rapid population growth. That analysis is finally of significance for the definition of population policy and economic development strategies
Giovannoni, Olivier. "Croissance, répartition et politique économique : Théorie et application au cas des Etats-Unis". Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0021.
The present Ph. D. Dissertation in economics presents and analyzes the theoretical and empirical relationships between growth, functional income distribution and economic policies. This research is divided in three parts discussing in turn economic theories, statistical tools and the results of those tools. The first chapter presents and analyzes the neoclassical and heterodox theories of growth and distribution and proposes a summing up in terms of (non)ergodicity. The second chapter presents the different available measures of income distribution and introduces several econometric models and their critique. The third chapter presents the results of two error-correction models for some key American macroeconomic variables. We distinguish between trends and cycles and show that the cyclical component of American government spending is identical to the cyclical component of corporate profits after tax. The concluding lines are that the remarkable performance of the United States is due to its countercyclical economic policy, allowing for its stability and the closing up of its macro model
Sékia, Farid. "Le développement régional à la lumière de la nouvelle théorie de la croissance". Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL12014.
Lahiani, Raza. "Analyse harmonique sur certains groupes de Lie à croissance polynomiale". Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ001S/document.
The first part of this thesis is devoted to the study of the existence of a smooth family of intertwining operators between two different families of equivalent representations and their effect on the retract theory. The second issue of this thesis is the retract theory. Let K be a compact Lie subgroup of Aut(N), acting smoothly on N. Then we construct a retract for the induced representations obtained by Vergne polarizations in the generic case and we transpose it to other choices of polarizations. We use the theory developed in the first part. In the third part, we characterize K-prime ideals of the Schwartz algebra. The passage to the K-prime ideals of the group algebra is then realized via the retract theory developed in the second part and the density property of the schwartz functions, at least in the generic case and in the character case. Finally, we study the action of SO(4) on F(4), specially the non genric case where F(4) denotes the free nilpotent Lie group of step 2 with 4 generators. We prove the fourier inversion theorem in the non genric case and we characterize all the K-prime ideals
Lahiani, Raza. "Analyse harmonique sur certains groupes de Lie à croissance polynomiale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ001S.
The first part of this thesis is devoted to the study of the existence of a smooth family of intertwining operators between two different families of equivalent representations and their effect on the retract theory. The second issue of this thesis is the retract theory. Let K be a compact Lie subgroup of Aut(N), acting smoothly on N. Then we construct a retract for the induced representations obtained by Vergne polarizations in the generic case and we transpose it to other choices of polarizations. We use the theory developed in the first part. In the third part, we characterize K-prime ideals of the Schwartz algebra. The passage to the K-prime ideals of the group algebra is then realized via the retract theory developed in the second part and the density property of the schwartz functions, at least in the generic case and in the character case. Finally, we study the action of SO(4) on F(4), specially the non genric case where F(4) denotes the free nilpotent Lie group of step 2 with 4 generators. We prove the fourier inversion theorem in the non genric case and we characterize all the K-prime ideals
Pautrel, Xavier. "Biens d'équipement, progrès technique et croissance : théorie et application dans les économies semi-industrialisées". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010019.
This thesis studies the specificity of technical progress in semi-indutrialized countries (South-East Asia and Latin America), and the role of equipment goods in their technological development. The purpose of the innovation process in semi-indutrialized countries is to solve problems in the manufacturing sector. Therefore, this sector is the central one, and relationships between manufacturing sector and research sector is the base of the dynamics of technical progress. Equipment goods, by their use in the manufacturing sector, create new knowledge about the manufacturing process, and therefore, through relationships between manufacturing sector and research sector, favour innovation activities and growth. The learning arising from the use of equipement goods also favours the acquisition of technical skill. This human capital accumulation from training on the job changes the agents' decision for schooling. Therefore, economies with low rate of enrollement may experience high rates of growth, because agents prefer to accumulate hman capital in training on the job, rather schooling. In semi-industrialized countries, knowledge is rival, therefore technical diffusion is made mainly through imports of equipements. The more produce are foreign equipments, related to domestic equipements, the higher are benefits from those imports. So, it is better to import equipements from economies with a high technical gap related to the domestic economy. Nevertheless, if the domestic economy has not enough human capital, positive effects due to equipements imports are offseted by negative ones due to the cost of adapting foreign equipements to local condition of production. So, trade policy must be accompanied by a domestic technological development in order to imports of equipement goods are positive for growth
Brieussel, Jérémie. "Croissance et moyennabilité de certains groupes d'automorphismes d'un arbre enraciné". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077116.
The group of directed automorphisms of a rooted tree is shown to be amenable if the valencies of the tree are bounded. Using previous results of Wilson, amenable groups of non uniform exponential growth are constructed. Such groups are not elementary amenable by result of Osin. They are shown not even to be subexponentially amenable. These results generalize the construction of a family of groups of intermediate growth due to Grigorchuk. The growth function of the key exemple of such group is lowered by e^(n^a) with a=0,5207. Moreover, within this family are constructed groups with oscillating growth function, in particular groups the growth function of which is not equivalent to e^(n^a) for any real number a
Ventelou, Bruno. "Equilibres politico-économiques et croissance : l'hypothèse de prévarication gouvernementale". Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0043.
Endogeneous growth theory shows that public intervention in growth process could be pareto-improving. Therefore, institutional and political aspects of public choices become a basic point in the ability of a society to generate substantial growth. This thesis intend to investigate the conditions of the political equilibrium -w e use game theory applied to electoral process analysis -, and then, to examine its interactions with the endogeneous growth equilibrium. Growth will be the result of a political-economic equilibrium, sustained by the "corruption hypothesis" as a behaviour rule for government. Several interesting results will be obtained in different chapters: optimal periodicity for elections; political parties function and conditions for political credibility; relations between inequality, clientelism and growth. In a final point, the question of political feasibility of economic transition programs (structural ajustement programs) will be dealt with
Matheron, Julien. "Vers une théorie unifiée du cycle et de la croissance : une contribution à l'étude intégrée de la dynamique économique". Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100173.
Hachem, Ghias. "Théorie spectrale de l'opérateur de Dirac avec un potentiel électromagnétique à croissance linéaire à l'infini". Paris 13, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA132008.
Malizard, Julien. "Dépenses militaires et croissance économique". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON10057.
Military spending constitutes an important economic phenomenon because in 2010, 1630b dollar are affected to the defense sector all around the world. Economists are interested in the economic consequences of such spending. However, since 40 years, one has to note that there is no consensus from this literature. This absence leads to difficulties to formulate relevant economic policy conclusions. The aim of this thesis is to determine what are the causes of the diversity of results in the past literature. Two ways are then considered: on the one hand, a diversity of models with hypothesis diametrically opposed concerning the impact of the defense sector on economic growth and on the other hand, non-linear behavior which may modify this impact for a same model.This dissertation contains four chapters. In the first one, we detail a literature review in order to draw the principal regularities in terms of results for each theoretical model. The chapter two constitutes an empirical verification of the contingency of results from different models, for a sample of OECD countries. Our empirical strategy leads to consider the complementary rather than the competition between models. In the third chapter, we examine the non-linear phenomenon with original steps and empirical method. We show that non-linear regression outperforms linear regression and characterizes asymmetric effects of the military spending on growth. The last chapter aims to analyze the case of France in order to confirm the usefulness of the strategy developed in past chapters for raising economic policy recommendations
Ragot, Lionel. "Croissance économique durable et pollution : un essai d'interprétation formalisée". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010038.
The recent literature on exogenous and endogenous growth with pollution brings two important elements : the necessity to impose ad hoc conditions to insure the sustainability of the growth and the minor role played by the consumer in the determination of a more environmental friedly growth. We develop a dynamic applied general equilibrium model based on two types of consumption goods : "clean" or "green" ones, and "dirty" ones. Furthermore, a parameter of preference for "green" products is introduced in the utility function. We describe the long term and dynamic impact that fiscal shocks (changes in vat rates, modification of taxes placed on wastes) exhibit on the various macroeconomic and environmental variables. We develop a continous time model of endogenous growth based on innovation on consumption goods. The feature of this model is to consider two types of goods : "dirty" ones whose production brings about flows of polluants, and "green" ones with no effect on the environment. Moreover a parameter of preference for the green products is introduced besides the taste for diversity. We describe the dynamics of the model when this parameter is endogenous. Public authorities, if they make consumers more sensitive to the environment (for instance by information campaign), may improve the quality of the environment without appealing to restricting instruments like taxation or standards. This model, in discrete time and without any modification of the functionnal forms, can exhibit cyclic or chaotic dynamics for appropriately chosen sensibility parameter. We can describe this as an optimal behaviour of intermittent reductions in "dirty" goods consumption designed to reduce the burden on the environment and give its self-regenerative powers time to degrade the accumulated load of wastes
Caroff-Gaonac'h, Philippe. "Croissance de boites quantiques InAs/Inp (113) B pour les applications en télécommunications optiques". Rennes, INSA, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011186.
This thesis deals with the study of InAs quantum dots (QDs) growth on InP(113)B, for laser applications around the 1. 55 µm optical communication wavelength. QDs are formed in Stransky-Krastanow growth mode by molecular beam epitaxy. The main QD changes with the growth parameters reported in literature are briefly reviewed for InAs/GaAs and InAs/P and the experimental trends are discussed in the frame of nucleation/growth models. Then, structural and optical properties of QDs formed on InP(113)B are studied for different growth parameters. A reduction of the arsenic pressure during QD growth leads to a dramatic increase of the density, up to 1. 6 1011cm-2, along with a reduction of the size dispersion. In a other part, we develop a new capping procedure in two steps, named "quaternary Double Cap procedure" (qDC), to control the emission wavelength. This procedure allows also a reduction of height dispersion and a narrowing photoluminescence linewidth to 40 meV. We optimize the QD stacking in order to improve laser performances. At high density, QD present very good vertical and lateral ordering and low size dispersion. Laser structures grown using the qDC procedure show lasing effect at room temperature. Lasers elaborated with low arsenic flux QDs present improved performances. In particular, a record low threshold current density of 190 A/cm2 is achieved
Ben, Hadj Hamouda Ajmi. "Morphologie et stabilité des surfaces cristallines nanastructurées, dynamique des instabilités : théorie et modélisation". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21750.
Braun, Eduard. "Marchés financiers et croissance économique". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968723.
Bouette, Margot. "Sur la croissance des automorphismes des groupes de Baumslag-Soliltar". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S053/document.
A Baumslag-Solitar group is a group given by the group presentation, for p and q non-zero integers. For each Baumslag-Solitar group we consider a deformation space D p, q which is analogue of Culler-Vogtmann's Outer Space. The action of Aut(BS(p, q)) on D p, q induces an action of the outer automorphism group Out(BS(pq)). We will focus on the case where p divides q. Firstly, we will show that every automorphism of BS(p,pn) is reducible which means that we can find a BS(p,pn)-tree T and a map that leaves a certain type of subforest invariant. This result leads us to introduce a new deformation space and a classification of the automorphisms of BS(p,pn) in three types : elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic. Using this classification, we will show that the growth of every automorphism of BS(p,pn) is exponential or polynomial
Ye, Kaidi. "Automorphismes géométriques des groupes libres : croissance polynomiale et algorithmes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4713/document.
An automorphism $phi$ of a free group $F_n$ of finite rank $n geq 2$ is said to be geometric it is induced by a homeomorphism on a surface.In this thesis we concern ourselves with answering the question:Which precisely are the outer automorphisms of $F_n$ that are geometric?to which we give an algorithmical decision for the case of polynomially growing outer automorphisms, up to raising to certain positive power.In order to realize this algorithm, we establish the technique of quotient and blow-up automorphisms of graph-of-groups, which when apply for the special case of partial Dehn twist enables us to develop a criterion to decide whether the induced outer automorphism is an actual Dehn twist.Applying the criterion repeatedly on the special topological representative deriving from relative train track map, we are now able to either “unfold” this iterated relative Dehn twist representative level by level until eventually obtain an ordinary Dehn twist representative or show that $hat{phi}$ has at least quadratic growth hence is not geometric.As a side result, we also proved that every linearly growing automorphism of free group has a positive power which is a Dehn twist automorphism. This is a fact that has been taken for granted by many experts, although has no formal proof to be found in the literature.In the case of Dehn twist automorphisms, we then use the known algorithm to make the given Dehn twist representative efficient and apply the Whitehead algorithm as well as the classical theorems by Nielsen, Baers, Zieschangs and others to construct its geometric model or to show that it is not geometric
Daoust, Jacques. "La contribution de l'exergie à la croissance économique évaluation historique et perspectives de disponibilités futures". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5476.
Barbier, Matthieu. "De l'impermanence des formes dans les fluides granulaires : croissance et relaxation dans les mélanges". Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112309.
This work focuses on the dynamics of the fluid state of granular matter, and its response to a localized perturbation in two limiting cases : relaxation toward a homogeneous state or growth of a blast wave. This response is shaped by two distinctive features of granular media: their macroscopic constituent particles are both inelastic, entailing intrinsically non-equilibrium dynamics, and polydisperse or heterogeneous in their material properties. First, we isolate the effects of polydispersity in the return of a gas to its homogeneous asymptotic state, and evidence the existence of an optimal mixture for which the relaxation time is minimal. We then restrict the perturbation to accelerating a single species with an external field in order to study the induced non-equilibrium stationary state in the tracer limit, where other species are undisturbed by this process. Finally, we model the self-similar shock wave generated in such a dissipative bath by an intense yet localized release of energy, and contrast it with blast waves in molecular gases
Balois, Thibaut. "Modélisation de croissance de tumeurs : cas particulier des mélanomes". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE033/document.
Melanoma is a cancer whose mortality grows rapidly with time. In order to insure an early diagnosis, advertising campaigns have emphasized the importance of morphological criteria in order to distinguish moles from melanoma. But, the origins of those criteria are still poorly understood. Our goal is to understand the link between genetic modifications and melanoma patterns using physical tools. As melanoma is easily observable and thin, this makes it an ideal system. This work begins by recalling the physiological aspect of skin cancer. Healthy skin is thoroughly described, then cancerous lesions are depictesd, and melanoma genetic pathways are briefly discussed. Then, continuous mathematical models of cancer are reviewed. We show how mixture theory is used to put cancer into equations. Then, this framework is simplified in a two phases 2D model.Those equations are analysed. The spatial study shows the possibility of a phase separation process: the spinodal decomposition. And, the time study shows thet this model contains the ingredients necessary to describe several melanoma types seen in vivo.Focussing finally on the third dimension. Melanoma evolving on a wavy epidermis (hands and feet skin) are studied. We explain how melanoma patterns should follow the skin ridges (fingerprints)
Hamid, Firas Abdel. "Surfaces d’alliages métalliques complexes : nanostructures et croissance moléculaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0155.
Complex metallic alloys (CMAs) are intermetallics with a unit cell characterized by a large number of atoms and a substructure of atomic clusters of high symmetry. Quasicrystals and their periodic approximants are part of this class of materials. Here, we have investigated the atomic and electronic structure of the (100) surface of a cage compound Ce3Pd20Si6 which can be also considered as a CMA. The assembly of Pd12Si6 and Pd16 cages in which guest Ce atoms are located describes its structure. The surface is analyzed using experimental methods under ultrahigh vacuum as well as atomistic simulations based on density functional theory (DFT). The surface forms at corrugated planes of the bulk structure that preserve intact the Pd12Si6 cages, with additional Pd surface atoms. It is concluded that despite this Pd-based cage compound being clearly metallic, stronger interactions between Pd and Si atoms on the host cage structure significantly influence its surface structure. Due to the cage preservation, the surface presents an intrinsic nanostructuration with a periodicity slightly less than one nanometer. This surface is further used as a pattern in an attempt to form self-organized molecular films. First results are presented concerning the self-assembly of C60 and its derivative (PTBC) on different substrates, including Ce3Pd20Si6(100) but also 5-fold surfaces of icosahedral phases i-AlCuFe and i-AgInYb and simple Cu (111) and Au (111) surfaces. Simple models are proposed to describe the structures formed by PTBC on Cu (111) and Au (111). C60 deposited on Ce3Pd20Si6(100) leads to the formation of hexagonal nanodomains,while PTBC leads to amorphous films. For PTBC deposited on quasicrystalline surfaces, preferential adsorption occurs at low coverage at 5-fold symmetric sites, dictated by symmetry matching between molecules and substrates. When the monolayer is saturated however, the film is either amorphous on i-AlCuFe or quasiperiodic on i-AgInYb, but with a large amount of disorder
Pirrone, Claudio. "Théorie du développement territorial dans une économie de satiété". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00787507.
Medelfef, Abdessamed. "Transitions d'écoulements en cavité chauffée latéralement : application à la croissance cristalline". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC018.
Hydrodynamic instabilities in laterally heated cavities play an important role in some material processing techniques such as the horizontal Bridgman process. Indeed, the fluid (liquid metal to be solidified) is the seat of a thermoconvective circulation due to the existence of a horizontal temperature gradient which is likely to become unsteady via oscillatory instabilities. The knowledge and the control of these instabilities are thus essential in order to be able to improve the quality of the crystals obtained by this technique. In this thesis, we are first interested in the instabilities of the convective circulation in a three-dimensional cavity of dimensions 4×2×1 (length × width × height). Thanks to the numerical continuation techniques, we were able to obtain the stationary and oscillatory solutions, as well as their stability, until the appearance of the quasi-periodicity according to the Grashof number Gr and for a Prandtl number Pr ranging from 0 to 0.025.Then, the effects induced by a rotation of the cavity around the vertical axis parallel to gravity (for a possible control of the instabilities) are studied and a one-dimensional model developed during this thesis was first considered. This analytical model, although simplified, is in very good agreement with the observations of the atmospheric flows (deviation of the fluid masses towards the right of the component of the dominant velocity and thermal winds). The linear stability of this flow as well as an energy analysis at the thresholds are then performed as a function of the rotation rate given by the Taylor number Ta and the Grashof number Gr for a Prandtl number Pr ranging from 0 to 10. Through this model, we have been able to show that the rotation has a stabilizing effect on this type of flow.We finally focused on the effects of this type of rotation on the steady fully threedimensional flow observed in the cavity 4×2×1 at low Grashof numbers.We have highlighted two flow regimes: a regime dominated by convection where the fluid circulation, deviated by the rotation, occurs in the diagonal of the cavity, and a second regime dominated by rotation where the fluid circulation is concentrated in the so-called Ekman and Stewartson boundary layers. A very good agreement is observed between the simplified analytical model and the three-dimensional numerical simulation
Rambeau, Joachim. "Statistiques d'extrêmes d'interfaces en croissance". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00648731.
Ernould, Anne-Pascale. "Rôle de la phosphorylation des résidus tyrosine dans la croissance des cellules cancéreuses". Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P262.
Guéant, Olivier. "Théorie des jeux à champ moyen et applications économiques : second sujet : Taux d’escompte et développement durable". Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090069.
Introduced by J. -M. Lasry and P. -L. Lions, mean field games simplify models of economic interactions, using an approach inspired from physics. Economic applications are presented concerning labor market ecoomics, portfolio management, population(s) distribution issues and growth theory. The models use different types of mean field games, either static or dynamic, with either a discrete or a continuous state space, either in a deterministic or in a stochastic setting. Several stability notions are discussed and eductive stability plays an important part since numerical methods are inspired from this stability notion. We indeed present numerical methods to solve mean field games for both stationary and dynamic problems and eductive stability allows us to circumvent the difficulty linked to the forward/backward structure. After the chapters on mean field games, we deal with the issue regarding the right discount rate to be used for sustainable development projects. We discuss the notion of ecological discount rate introduced by R. Guesnerie and exhibit new continuity properties for the non-asymptotic rates
Bruno, Miguel Antonio Pinho. "Croissance économique, changements structurels et distribution : les transformations du régime d'accumulation au Brésil : une analyse régulationniste". Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0130.
The Brazilian macroeconomic performance in the decades of 80 and 90 remained much below the historical average. Several explanations were proposed, most important being environment of high inflation, present until 1994, high external liability and the insufficiency of saving. They did not miss criticisms with the inefficiencies produced by the proper logic of the mode of development by substitution of imports. The principal objective of this analysis is to provide an alternative approach, by mobilizing the theoretical and methodological contributions of the French regulation theory, as a historical and institutional mocroeconomics. The thesis tries to show the characteristics of the modes of regulation and the regimes of accumulation which answer by the principal macroeconomic tendencies observed in the brazilian economy
Pottier, Antonin. "L’économie dans l’impasse climatique : développement matériel, théorie immatérielle et utopie auto-stabilisatrice". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0052.
Greenhouse gas emissions still grow unabated. Instead of blaming policy-makers for the implementation gap, I question the toolbox of neo-classical economists and restate the conundrum as: how inadequate is economic theory as a mental map for climate change? I identify turning points in the history of resource economics and exhibit a constant trend of forgetting the material embeddedness of the economy. Economists' use of the production function is based on a misunderstanding, as the Cambridge controversy shows that it has no technical content. The cost-benefit analysis, allegedly the only way to be positive, is favored to assess climate change, even if it relies on unknown relationships. Damage function extrapolates shared prejudices; the incessant controversy on discounting highlights the inconsistency of the macroeconomic framework. An analysis of a recent article explains how economics can operate this distanciation from reality: loose connections between the mathematical structure of a model, the words used to describe it and its numerical results leave extraordinary space for interpretation. I then explore the relationship between the economy, economics and ideology through the study of two symbols: the homo economicus and the market. The peculier status of economics and the economy in Western societies is traced back to the 18th century. The current prominence of the market enhances the inadequacy of economic theory to address climate change. The sociological phenomenon of climate-skepticism and the failed construction of carbon markets can be seen as impediments to mitigation induced by the market mentality
Ziel, Jérôme. "Théorie de l'entrepreneur et faits économiques : élements d'analyse tirés des expériences japonaise, chinoise, indienne et coréenne". Littoral, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DUNK0030.
Does the economic movement create the entrepreneur? Or, on the contrary, does the entrepreneur create the economic movement? We propose to demonstrate that the entrepreneur, the main capitalism agent, is a social construction, which is backed by the European free market theory. In Europe, free market economists assert that the entrepreneur is the economy engine. This conception is criticized by their adversaries, who are putting forward the capitalist logic, characterized by big firm domination which involves entrepreneur disappearance and its replacement by a specialist team (managers) and financed by absentee owners (shareholders). This phenomena illustrates the socialization process of the capitalist production (market exchange intensification, spread of labor division, socialization of the entreprise capital). The heroic entrepreneur of the early period of industrialization gives room to the socialized entrepreneur, whose liberty of action rests on big firm strategies and public policy measures, alternatively stimulating whether big firms whether small enterprises. In Asia, the criticism of the entrepreneur is rooted in the Confucian tradition : the merchant is criticized for his individualism. The bad image of the entrepreneur remains intact even during the industrialization, led almost exclusively by the State. It is only since 1980’s that the entrepreneur has imposed himself in the Asian thought, under the criticism of free market economists who denounce State intervention in favor of individual initiative. As a matter of fact, great firms and the State, not the entrepreneur, are at the origin of the Asian economic prosperity. However, despite the concentration of Asian economies, the entrepreneur is emerging, under a socialized form, thanks to crisis
Keinj, Roukaya. "Modélisation de la croissance d'une tumeur après traitement par radiothérapie". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671961.
Iachella, Mathilde. "Nucléation, Croissance et Morphologie de Nanoparticules d'Or et d'Or-Cuivre sur Support Rutile par la Théorie de la Fonctionnelle de la Densité". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN034/document.
In this study, the nucleation, growth, morphology and reactivity of Au, Cu and AuCu nanoparticles have been examined on rutile TiO2 (110) stoiciometric, reduced and hydrated supports. First, the nucleation has been modeled via the adsorption and diffusion of Au and Cu atoms, thanks to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and free energy diagrams in realistic conditions. DFT+U results have shown the promotor role of surface hydroxyl species on the nucleation, in agreement with STM experimental measurements.Then, the growth and coalescence thermodynamic properties for Au and Cu clusters (from 1 to 38 atoms) have been investigated with a systematic approach which has determinated precisely the relative stability for a large number of structures, and has underlined the difference for the competition between nucleation and growth between the two metals. For particles in the range 38-201 atoms and varied morphologies, the absolute stability of Au and Cu aggregates and AuCu nanoalloys has been evaluated through surface energy calculations. This approach has revealed the existence of linear relations between the chemical composition and the stability.Finally, the reactivity of Au, Cu and AuCu nanoparticles has been examined following two aspects : the deposition of 38 atoms clustered on the stoichiometric rutile support, and the adsorption of carbon monoxide at the interface between the metal and the support. This adsorption is a key step for the CO oxidation reaction ; an important process in heterogeneous catalysis
Keinj, Roukaya. "Modélisation de la croissance d'une tumeur après traitement par radiothérapie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10111.
In this thesis, we have proposed a Markov chain modeling of the cell and tumor behaviors during radiotherapy. Our approach is based on the target theory where it is assumed that the cell contains a number of sensitive sites called targets which must be all deactivated to produce the cell death. A first task was to provide a discrete-time model taking cell repair between dose fractions and the heterogeneity of cellular damage into account. Then, we proposed a stochastic model of the cell lifespan. This model was also extended to a cell population and allowed to derive new expressions of the efficiency and complication probabilities of the treatment. Finally, we focused on the development of a model based on Markov chain in continuous time which could be applied to the responses of tumors treated by photodynamic therapy
Efremov, Semen. "Croissance paramétrée et bruit procédural pour la conception de métamatériaux mécaniques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0046.
With constant development of technologies, computational and manufacturing capabilities increase, production methods evolve, and new techniques appear. As a result, the need for new materials with tailored, optimized properties for different applications arises. Periodic composites with tailored microstructure topology, called cellular metamaterials are extensively studied in this context. These structures are known for their remarkable mechanical properties, including high strength, lower weight, and increased energy absorption. The use of these materials allows to achieve improved physical properties or specific functional features and provides economical gain and ecological benefit.This thesis is dedicated to the development and analysis of methods for computer-aided design of materials with tailored mechanical properties. The mechanical metamaterials were studied through two different approaches: modelling periodic structures through a parameterized growth model and procedural noise functions. To tackle the challenge of obtaining near-regular microstructures with progressively varying properties, I proposed and studied a cellular material spawned by a growth process. The growth is parameterized by a 3D star-shaped set at each lattice point, defining the geometry that will appear around it. Individual tiles may be computed and used in a periodic lattice, or a global structure may be produced under spatial gradations, changing the parametric star-shaped set at each lattice location. Beyond free spatial gradation, an important advantage of this approach is that elastic symmetries can be intrinsically enforced. It is shown in this work how shared symmetries between the lattice and the star-shaped set directly translate into symmetries of the periodic structures' elastic response. Thus, the approach enables restricting the symmetry of the elastic responses -- monoclinic, orthorhombic, trigonal, and so on -- while freely exploring a wide space of possible geometries and topologies. I provide a comprehensive study of the space of symmetries and broad combinations of growth process parameters. Furthermore, I demonstrate through numerical and experimental results the expected responses triggered by the obtained structures.The second contribution of this thesis is a novel procedural pattern synthesis technique. This approach exhibits desirable properties for modeling highly contrasted patterns, that are well suited to produce surface and microstructure details. This approach defines a stochastic smooth phase field –- a phasor noise –- that is then fed into a periodic function (e.g. a sine wave), producing an oscillating field with prescribed main frequencies and preserved contrast oscillations. I present in this thesis a mathematical model, that builds upon a reformulation of Gabor noise in terms of a phasor field that affords for a clear separation between local intensity and phase. In particular, I study the behavior of phasor noise in terms of its power spectrum. Hence, a comparative theoretical study of phasor noise was performed in order to gain understanding of links between its properties and parameters
Gaillard, Cécile. "Cinétique de formation de l'hydrate de méthane dans une boucle de laboratoire". Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT028G.
Camara, Mamoudou. "Croissance économique et impact environnemental : le découplage est-il possible ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12004/document.
Using both theoretical and empirical approaches, this thesis aims to bring a new light on the link between economic growth and environment. It is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on a reconsideration of the decoupling question. The study of the evolution of the environmental problematic in economic theory, in the first chapter, shows that this debate is not new, and has not remained static. Then, in the second chapter, after to have shown the complexity (particularly its multidimensionality and the limits of approaches to measure the decoupling) of the decoupling concept, our study with a new empirical approach on several countries seems to show the evidence of decoupling in the case of certain countries. The second part consists to explain the decoupling. The third chapter which is focused on analysis of the main decoupling determinants, allowed us to identify three determinants (the development level, the structure of the economy and the socioeconomic relationship to the environment), and also to show that their impact on the decoupling is limited in the time. The last chapter, which is an extension of the third chapter, focuses on analysis of the decoupling factors in a “regulationniste” perspective. With this approach, our thesis has tried to show the importance of the degree of ecological concerns and the quality of institutions in a country to achieve decoupling. Thus, through these four chapters, this thesis seems to show that the possibilities to achieve decoupling are tributary of several factors, and also that decoupling, even in the case of CO2, is sometimes possible, but not permanently
Deshayes, Aurélia. "Modèles de croissance aléatoire et théorèmes de forme asymptotique : les processus de contact". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0168.
This thesis is a contribution to the mathematical study of interacting particles systems which include random growth models representing a spreading shape over time in the cubic lattice. These processes are used to model the crystal growth or the spread of an infection. In particular, Harris introduced in 1974 the contact process to represent such a spread. It is one of the simplest interacting particles systems which exhibits a critical phenomenon and today, its behaviour is well-Known on each phase. Many questions about its extensions remain open and motivated our work, especially the one on the asymptotic shape. After the presentation of the contact process and its extensions, we introduce a new one: the contact process with aging where each particle has an age age that influences its ability to give birth to its neighbours. We build a coupling between our process and a supercritical oriented percolation adapted from Bezuidenhout-Grimmett's construction and we establish the 'at most linear' growth of our process. In the last part of this work, we prove an asymptotic shape theorem for general random growth models thanks to subadditive techniques, which can be complicated in the case of non-Permanent models conditioned to survive. We conclude that the process with aging, the contact process in randomly evolving environment, the oriented percolation with hostile immigration and the bounded modified contact process satisfy asymptotic shape results
Grandclaude, Didier. "Les croyances, représentations et facteurs façonnant l'intention de croissance du dirigeant de PME". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAB007/document.
This thesis focuses on the beliefs, representations and factors shaping SMEs owners’ growth intention. Produce knowledge on these elements is crucial. At a social level, growth intention is an issue in a period marked simultaneously by unemployment and lack of attraction of entrepreneurs for growth. At an academic level, knowledge of the micro-foundations of growth remains unknown and need further strengthening (Stigliani and Wright, 2012). The qualitative survey consists of 32 individual interviews, supplemented by 2 focus group interviews and data collected during major exhibitions of SMEs. First results highlight the cognitive construction of growth phenomenon and emphasize the distinct nature of the beliefs that shape growth intention and its two forms of denial identified: intention of no-growth and no-intention of growth. Concrete proposals are put forward to encourage SMEs owners’ growth intention
Medelfef, Abdessamed. "Transitions d'écoulements en cavité chauffée latéralement : application à la croissance cristalline". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC018/document.
Hydrodynamic instabilities in laterally heated cavities play an important role in some material processing techniques such as the horizontal Bridgman process. Indeed, the fluid (liquid metal to be solidified) is the seat of a thermoconvective circulation due to the existence of a horizontal temperature gradient which is likely to become unsteady via oscillatory instabilities. The knowledge and the control of these instabilities are thus essential in order to be able to improve the quality of the crystals obtained by this technique. In this thesis, we are first interested in the instabilities of the convective circulation in a three-dimensional cavity of dimensions 4×2×1 (length × width × height). Thanks to the numerical continuation techniques, we were able to obtain the stationary and oscillatory solutions, as well as their stability, until the appearance of the quasi-periodicity according to the Grashof number Gr and for a Prandtl number Pr ranging from 0 to 0.025.Then, the effects induced by a rotation of the cavity around the vertical axis parallel to gravity (for a possible control of the instabilities) are studied and a one-dimensional model developed during this thesis was first considered. This analytical model, although simplified, is in very good agreement with the observations of the atmospheric flows (deviation of the fluid masses towards the right of the component of the dominant velocity and thermal winds). The linear stability of this flow as well as an energy analysis at the thresholds are then performed as a function of the rotation rate given by the Taylor number Ta and the Grashof number Gr for a Prandtl number Pr ranging from 0 to 10. Through this model, we have been able to show that the rotation has a stabilizing effect on this type of flow.We finally focused on the effects of this type of rotation on the steady fully threedimensional flow observed in the cavity 4×2×1 at low Grashof numbers.We have highlighted two flow regimes: a regime dominated by convection where the fluid circulation, deviated by the rotation, occurs in the diagonal of the cavity, and a second regime dominated by rotation where the fluid circulation is concentrated in the so-called Ekman and Stewartson boundary layers. A very good agreement is observed between the simplified analytical model and the three-dimensional numerical simulation
Dang, Nguyen-Bac. "Croissance des degrés d'applications rationnelles en dimension 3". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX044/document.
This thesis is divided into three independent chapters on the iterates of rational maps on projective varieties and more specifically on the study of the growth of the degree sequences of the iterates of such maps. In the first chapter, we give a construction of the fundamental invariants called dynamical degrees. Our method holds in a very general setting, without any conditions on the characteristic of the field or on the singularities of the ambient space.This construction is based on the study of positivity properties of algebraic cycles and gives an alternative approach to the analytical technics of Dinh and Sibony or to the algebraic arguments of Truong.The second chapter is taken from an article written in joint work with Jian Xiao. Our paper focuses on central objects in convex geometry called valuations. We transfer some positivity notions of algebraic cycles recently introduced by Lehmann and Xiao, this allows us to extend the convolution operation defined by Bernig and Fu to a subspace of sufficiently positive valuations.The third chapter is the core of this thesis and focuses on the dynamical degrees of the so-called tame automorphisms of an affine quadric threefold. Our arguments are of various nature and rely on the action of the tame group on a CAT(0), Gromov hyperbolic square complex recently introduced by Bisi, Furter and Lamy. Finally, we have collected in the last chapter a few perpectives directly inspired by this work
Tykhonenko, Anna. "Convergence réelle des pays de l'Est en transition : analyse empirique des processus de convergence à la lumière des développements récents de la théorie de la croissance". Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0057.
The EU elargement towards the East remains an ambitious project : disparities of the revenus per habita (as well within the PECO as with the EU members) can blame the feasibility of the Europe with homogeneous growth. Thus, the object of the thesis is to check the existence of the real convergence process between the European countries, made possible thanks to the catching-up process of the transition economy. If real convergence is empirically checked, at which speed is it done and which are the relevant variables to describe its mechanism? Thanks to the theoretical and empirical lessons, several hypothesis of the real convergence (beta and sigma) are released in order to be tested on the cross-section and on the panel data. The both empirical approaches let to obtain the convergent conclusions. Indeed, the results tend to the beta-conditional convergence. In panel data, in particular, the heterogeneity of the convergence rates contradict the thesis on the uniformity of the catching-up process in the Eastern Europe. Thus, the EU enlargement seems to lead to the "Europe at several speeds"
Daniel, Philippe. "Etude structurale et vibrationnelle des fluorures MF3 (M=Al, Cr, Ga, Fe, V, In. . . )". Le Mans, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LEMA1012.
Yebari, Naji. "Sur un problème de diffusion-réaction avec frontière libre : un modèle de dissolution-croissance". Saint-Etienne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STET4005.
Fabeck, L. "Application de la biomécanique et de l'analyse cinématique de la hanche durant la marche à la théorie de la régression de l'antéversion du col fémoral en croissance". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211246.
Riah, Rachid. "Théorie des ensembles pour le contrôle robuste des systèmes non linéaires : Application à la chimiothérapie et les thérapies anti-angiogéniques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT090/document.
This thesis aims at using the mathematical modeling with advanced control tools to guide therapies for the contraction of the tumor. The aims of this thesis are the contribution to the development of the set-theoretic methods for robust control of nonlinear systems and the development of analytical tools for the analysis and control of tumor growth in presence of chemotherapy and/oranti-angiogenic therapy. Generically, in the context of control theory, techniques that are theoretically based on some properties of subsets of the system state space could be referred as set-theoretic methods.In the first part, we review the definitions, concepts and tools of the existing set-theoretic methods in the literature to respond effectively to the control issues of linear and nonlinear systems with hard constraints and uncertainties. In this context, we are interested in two properties of sets that are invariance and contractiveness. The problems associated with the stability of the systems may be formulated in terms of calculation of their domain of attraction. For development purposes, we recall methods from the literature for characterizing these domains of attraction for linear and nonlinear systems. An important application of these methods is the control of tumor growth in the presence of different treatments. For this application, several constraints can be imposed in order to avoid the patient intoxications during the treatments and the set-theoretic methods can consider easily these constraints. For this latter application, we propose a methodology to estimate the domains of attraction for the mathematical models chosen to simulate the tumor growth.In the second part, we propose set-theoretic methods for the characterization of the domains ofattraction for linear and nonlinear uncertain systems. At the beginning, we develop sufficient conditions for the invariance and contractiveness of an ellipsoid for saturated systems. These conditions allow implicitly determining a local Lyapunov function. We will show that the proposed approach is less conservative than those in the literature, and we give an algorithm for characterizing the invariant ellipsoids. For uncertain nonlinear systems, we develop a sufficient condition for the robust controlled invariance in the case of parametric uncertainties. A method based on this condition is developed for characterizing the domains of attraction for nonlinear systems with these uncertainties. Then we focus on the study of nonlinear systems with additive uncertainties, and we also give a method for the characterization of their domains of attraction. These methods are easily treatable using convex optimization tools.In the third part, we develop numerical tools for characterizing the domains of attraction for themodels of tumor growth in the presence of treatments, particularly chemotherapy and anti-angiogenictreatment. These domains contain all the states of the patients for whom effective treatment protocols exist. In this context, we consider that the models are uncertain and in particular the parameters that are unknown in practice. These tools are based on the methods developed in this thesis. Several useful informations for effective tumor therapy can be extracted from these domains
Ben, Hadj Hamouda Ajmi. "Morphologie et stabilité des surfaces cristallines nanostructurées, dynamique des instabilités: Théorie et modélisation". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921422.
Deshayes, Aurélia. "Modèles de croissance aléatoire et théorèmes de forme asymptotique : les processus de contact". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0168/document.
This thesis is a contribution to the mathematical study of interacting particles systems which include random growth models representing a spreading shape over time in the cubic lattice. These processes are used to model the crystal growth or the spread of an infection. In particular, Harris introduced in 1974 the contact process to represent such a spread. It is one of the simplest interacting particles systems which exhibits a critical phenomenon and today, its behaviour is well-Known on each phase. Many questions about its extensions remain open and motivated our work, especially the one on the asymptotic shape. After the presentation of the contact process and its extensions, we introduce a new one: the contact process with aging where each particle has an age age that influences its ability to give birth to its neighbours. We build a coupling between our process and a supercritical oriented percolation adapted from Bezuidenhout-Grimmett's construction and we establish the 'at most linear' growth of our process. In the last part of this work, we prove an asymptotic shape theorem for general random growth models thanks to subadditive techniques, which can be complicated in the case of non-Permanent models conditioned to survive. We conclude that the process with aging, the contact process in randomly evolving environment, the oriented percolation with hostile immigration and the bounded modified contact process satisfy asymptotic shape results
Dortel, Emmanuelle. "Croissance de l'albacore (Thunnus albacares) de l'Océan Indien : de la modélisation statistique à la modélisation bio-énergétique". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20035/document.
Since the early 1960s, the growth of yellowfin has been enjoyed a particular attention both in the research field and for fisheries management. In the Indian Ocean, the management of yellowfin stock, under the jurisdiction of the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC), suffers from much uncertainty associated with the growth curve currently considered. In particular, there remain gaps in our knowledge of basic biological and ecological processes regulating growth. Their knowledge is however vital for understanding the stocks productivity and their resilience abilities to fishing pressure and oceanographic changes underway.Through modelling, this study aims to improve current knowledge on the growth of yellowfin population of the Indian Ocean and thus strengthen the scientific advice on the stock status. Whilst most studies on yellowfin growth only rely on one data source, we implemented a hierarchical Bayesian model that exploits various information sources on growth, i.e. direct age estimates obtained through otolith readings, analyzes of modal progressions and individual growth rates derived from mark-recapture experiments, and takes explicitely into account the expert knowledge and the errors associated with each dataset and the growth modelling process. In particular, the growth model was coupled with an ageing error model from repeated otolith readings which significantly improves the age estimates as well as the resulting growth estimates and allows a better assessment of the estimates reliability. The growth curves obtained constitute a major improvement of the growth pattern currently used in the yellowfin stock assessment. They demonstrates that yellowfin exhibits a two-stanzas growth, characterized by a sharp acceleration at the end of juvenile stage. However, they do not provide information on the biological and ecological mechanisms that lie behind the growth acceleration.For a better understanding of factors involved in the acceleration of growth, we implemented a bioenergetic model relying on the principles of Dynamic Energy Budget theory (DEB). Two major assumptions were investigated : (i) a low food availability during juvenile stage in relation with high intra and inter-specific competition and (ii) changes in food diet characterized by the consumption of more energetic prey in older yellowfin. It appears that these two assumption may partially explain the growth acceleration