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Yuan, Yuling, Youxuan Xu y Jianghai Lu. "Dried blood spots in doping analysis". Bioanalysis 13, n.º 7 (abril de 2021): 587–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2021-0019.
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A series of dried blood spot (DBS) detection methods for doping agents have been developed in the last two decades. The DBS technique minimizes invasiveness and reduces storage and shipping costs. Recently, the World Anti-Doping Agency announced the use of DBS for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games and Paralympic Games owing to the advantages of the DBS application in routine doping control. Therefore the further development of detection methods for doping agents in DBS is important and urgent. This review summarizes five aspects of DBS application in doping analysis: sample collection, storage conditions, pretreatment, instrumentation and validation according to the Prohibited List issued by the World Anti-Doping Agency, and proposes some suggestions for future studies of DBS in doping analysis.
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Spinosa, Anna, Alex Ziemba, Alessandra Saponieri, Leonardo Damiani y Ghada El Serafy. "Remote Sensing-Based Automatic Detection of Shoreline Position: A Case Study in Apulia Region". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, n.º 6 (26 de mayo de 2021): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060575.
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Remote sensing and satellite imagery have become commonplace in efforts to monitor and model various biological and physical characteristics of the Earth. The land/water interface is a continually evolving landscape of high scientific and societal interest, making the mapping and monitoring thereof particularly important. This paper aims at describing a new automated method of shoreline position detection through the utilization of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images derived from European Space Agency satellites, specifically the operational SENTINEL Series. The resultant delineated shorelines are validated against those derived from video monitoring systems and in situ monitoring; a mean distance of 1 and a maximum of 3.5 pixels is found.
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Phiri, Elias y Wei Wang. "Time Series Analysis and structural break detection: A case of Zambia’s CPI." International Journal of Economic Policy 2, n.º 1 (8 de julio de 2022): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijecop.914.
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Purpose: By empirically examining Zambia’s CPI between 2010 and 2020, the study attempts to determine the structural change in the time series. The CPI is one of the most important variables for analyzing inflation in macroeconomics, therefore any change in the dynamic must be determined. In this paper change points and dates are highlighted and statistical analysis methods have been employed to explore and discover the underlying patterns and trends of Zambia’s CPI for the past 10 years.
Methodology/approach: Secondary Data from Zambia Statistics Agency (ZamStats.gov.zm) was used for the Study. From 132 elements of observations of time series for 10 years, the detection methods of structural change were employed. The Cumulative Sum Tests (CUSUM test) of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Andrew Sup F test, Bai and Perron test, and Chow test were used to detect the model stability and verify the hypothesis using P-value.
Results: The results show that there were five (5) Structural changes or breaks in mean and variance and these were February 2012, February 2014, October 2015, October 2017, and May 2019. The structural breaks are highly suggestive as they appear to broadly coincide with readily identifiable macroeconomic events, increased stock of external debt following the issuance of Eurobonds in 2012, 2014, and 2015, rise increased food prices arising from the adverse impact of erratic rainfall on agricultural output and the pass-through from the depreciation of the Kwacha.
Policy Implication: Based on the study, strong and sound macroeconomic policies are needed to be implemented: Such as debt management and diversification of foreign exchange sources, and increased earnings.
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Ferreira, E., M. Brito, R. Balaniuk, M. S. Alvim y J. A. dos Santos. "BRAZILDAM: A BENCHMARK DATASET FOR TAILINGS DAM DETECTION". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W12-2020 (6 de noviembre de 2020): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w12-2020-343-2020.
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Abstract. In this work we present BrazilDAM, a novel public dataset based on Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 satellite images covering all tailings dams cataloged by the Brazilian National Mining Agency (ANM). The dataset was built using georeferenced images from 769 dams, recorded between 2016 and 2019. The time series were processed in order to produce cloud free images. The dams contain mining waste from different ore categories and have highly varying shapes, areas and volumes, making BrazilDAM particularly interesting and challenging to be used in machine learning benchmarks. The original catalog contains, besides the dam coordinates, information about: the main ore, constructive method, risk category, and associated potential damage. To evaluate BrazilDAM’s predictive potential we performed classification essays using state-of-the-art deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNNs). In the experiments, we achieved an average classification accuracy of 94.11% in tailing dam binary classification task. In addition, others four setups of experiments were made using the complementary information from the original catalog, exhaustively exploiting the capacity of the proposed dataset.
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Rodrigues, M. L., T. S. Körting, G. R. de Queiroz, C. P. Sales y L. A. R. da Silva. "DETECTING CENTER PIVOTS IN MATOPIBA USING HOUGH TRANSFORM AND WEB TIME SERIES SERVICE". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W12-2020 (4 de noviembre de 2020): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w12-2020-73-2020.
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Abstract. In the last decades, the Brazilian Cerrado biome has undergone major transformations due to the expansion of the agricultural frontier. The region called MATOPIBA acronym for states Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia can be considered very attractive for agricultural expansion. The Cerrado predominates in the MATOPIBA region (91% of the area), also having small areas of the Amazon and Caatinga biomes to the northeast and east, respectively. In this work, we will present a study to identify center pivot irrigation systems in the MATOPIBA region using remote sensing images from Landsat-8 satellite. The methodology is based on the use of robust edge detection techniques such as Canny, Circular Hough Transform (CHT) and time series extraction through the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product MOD13Q1 which has two vegetation indices NDVI and EVI. These time series will be used to filter the detected circles, seeking to eliminate the circles that do not correspond to center pivots. Our approach detected 80% of the center pivots mapped by the Brazilian National Water Agency (ANA) used as a knowledge base. The states with better detection were Piauí and Bahia that showed the accuracy of 90% and 85% respectively, Maranhão obtained 57% and Tocantins 41%.
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Yoon, Donghyeon, Ha-eun Yu y Moung-Jin Lee. "Detection of Floating Debris in the Lake Using Statistical Properties of Synthetic Aperture Radar Pulses". GEO DATA 5, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2023): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22761/gd.2023.0032.
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This study developed the European Space Agency (ESA) Setinel-1 Ground Range Detected (GRD) time series analysis model for monitoring floating debris in lake areas through Google Earth Engine Application Programming Interface. The study aims to monitor floating debris caused by heavy rainfall efficiently. Regarding water resources and water quality management, floating debris from multipurpose dams requires continuous monitoring from the initial generation stage. In the study, a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) time series analysis model that is easy to identify water bodies was developed due to low accessibility in large areas. Although SAR satellite images could be used to observe inland water environments, debris detection on water surface surfaces has yet to be studied. For the first time, this study detected floating debris patches in a wide range of lakes from GRD imagery acquired by ESA’s Sentinel-1 satellite. It demonstrated the potential to distinguish them from naturally occurring materials such as invasive floating plants. In this study, the case of Daecheong Dam, in which predicted floating debris was detected after heavy rain using Sentinel-1 GRD data, is presented. It could quickly detect various floating debris flowing into dams used as a source of drinking water and serve as a reference for establishing a collection plan.
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Kohlke, Marie-Luise. "Heterotopic Proliferation in E. S. Thomson’s Jem Flockhart Series". Humanities 11, n.º 1 (13 de enero de 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h11010015.
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This article explores the convergence, inversion, and collapse of heterotopic spaces in E. S. Thomson’s neo-Victorian Jem Flockhart series about a cross-dressing female apothecary in mid-nineteenth-century London. The eponymous first-person narrator becomes embroiled in the detection of horrific murder cases, with the action traversing a wide range of Michel Foucault’s exemplary Other spaces, including hospitals, graveyards, brothels, prisons, asylums, and colonies, with the series substituting the garden for Foucault’s ship as the paradigmatic heterotopia. These myriad juxtaposed sites, which facilitate divergence from societal norms while seemingly sequestering forms of alterity and resistance, repeatedly merge into one another in Thomson’s novels, destabilising distinct kinds of heterotopias and heterotopic functions. Jem’s doubled queerness as a cross-dressing lesbian beloved by their Watsonean side-kick, the junior architect William Quartermain, complicates the protagonist’s role in helping readers negotiate the re-imagined Victorian metropolis and its unequal power structures. Simultaneously defending/reaffirming and contesting/subverting the status quo, Jem’s body itself becomes a microcosmic heterotopia, problematising the elision of agency in Foucault’s conceptualisation of the term. The proliferation of heterotopias in Thomson’s series suggests that neo-Victorian fiction reconfigures the nineteenth century into a vast network of confining, contested, and liberating Other spaces.
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Debusscher, Bos y Frieke Van Coillie. "Object-Based Flood Analysis Using a Graph-Based Representation". Remote Sensing 11, n.º 16 (12 de agosto de 2019): 1883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11161883.
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The amount of freely available satellite data is growing rapidly as a result of Earth observation programmes, such as Copernicus, an initiative of the European Space Agency. Analysing these huge amounts of geospatial data and extracting useful information is an ongoing pursuit. This paper presents an alternative method for flood detection based on the description of spatio-temporal dynamics in satellite image time series (SITS). Since synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite data has the capability of capturing images day and night, irrespective of weather conditions, it is the preferred tool for flood mapping from space. An object-based approach can limit the necessary computer power and computation time, while a graph-based approach allows for a comprehensible interpretation of dynamics. This method proves to be a useful tool to gain insight in a flood event. Graph representation helps to identify and locate entities within the study site and describe their evolution throughout the time series.
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Raspini, F., C. Loupasakis, D. Rozos y S. Moretti. "Basin and local scale detection of ground subsidence through persistent scatterer interferometry: The Anthemountas Basin (Northern Greece) case study." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 47, n.º 3 (21 de diciembre de 2016): 1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.10989.
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In the framework of the Terrafirma Extension project, a study has been established for ground motion detection and mapping in the Anthemountas basin (Central Macedonia). Terrafirma promotes the exploitation of Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) techniques, a remote sensing technology based on multi-temporal satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. The potential of SAR interferometry has been exploited through the innovative Wide Area Mapping approach, recently implemented by the German Space Agency (DLR) and aimed at measuring land deformation over large areas. Interferometric results from 1995-2001 by ERS1/2 satellites has been analyzed at a basin scale to investigate spatial patterns of land motion in the wider Anthemountas plain, where subsidence phenomena related to intense groundwater extraction is clearly manifested. The WAP results turned out to be a valuable tool for the characterization at local scale of the land subsidence in the runaways area of the Macedonia airport and in the village of Perea, affected in 2005-2006 by a series of tensile ground ruptures due to excessive groundwater withdrawal. Besides the study of the phenomenon, this work confirmed the suitability of PSI techniques to detect and measure surface displacements with millimetre accuracy and also to reconstruct the deformations history of the investigated areas through displacement time series analysis.
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Virani, Shama, Glauco Baiocchi, David Bowtell, Citadel J. Cabasag, Kathleen R. Cho, Renée T. Fortner, Keiichi Fujiwara et al. "Joint IARC/NCI International Cancer Seminar Series Report: expert consensus on future directions for ovarian carcinoma research". Carcinogenesis 42, n.º 6 (25 de mayo de 2021): 785–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgab043.
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Abstract Recently, ovarian cancer research has evolved considerably because of the emerging recognition that rather than a single disease, ovarian carcinomas comprise several different histotypes that vary by etiologic origin, risk factors, molecular profiles, therapeutic approaches and clinical outcome. Despite significant progress in our understanding of the etiologic heterogeneity of ovarian cancer, as well as important clinical advances, it remains the eighth most frequently diagnosed cancer in women worldwide and the most fatal gynecologic cancer. The International Agency for Research on Cancer and the United States National Cancer Institute jointly convened an expert panel on ovarian carcinoma to develop consensus research priorities based on evolving scientific discoveries. Expertise ranged from etiology, prevention, early detection, pathology, model systems, molecular characterization and treatment/clinical management. This report summarizes the current state of knowledge and highlights expert consensus on future directions to continue advancing etiologic, epidemiologic and prognostic research on ovarian carcinoma.
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Interdonato, Roberto, Raffaele Gaetano, Danny Lo Seen, Mathieu Roche y Giuseppe Scarpa. "Extracting multilayer networks from Sentinel-2 satellite image time series". Network Science 8, S1 (17 de enero de 2020): S26—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2019.58.
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AbstractNowadays, modern Earth Observation systems continuously generate huge amounts of data. A notable example is the Sentinel-2 Earth Observation mission, developed by the European Space Agency as part of the Copernicus Programme, which supplies images from the whole planet at high spatial resolution (up to 10 m) with unprecedented revisit time (every 5 days at the equator). In this data-rich scenario, the remote sensing community is showing a growing interest toward modern supervised machine learning techniques (e.g., deep learning) to perform information extraction, often underestimating the need for reference data that this framework implies. Conversely, few attention is being devoted to the use of network analysis techniques, which can provide a set of powerful tools for unsupervised information discovery, subject to the definition of a suitable strategy to build a network-like representation of image data. The aim of this work is to provide clues on how Satellite Image Time Series can be profitably represented using complex network models, by proposing a methodology to build a multilayer network from such data. This is the first work to explore the possibility to exploit this model in the remote sensing domain. An example of community detection over the provided network in a real-case scenario for the mapping of complex land use systems is also presented, to assess the potential of this approach.
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Doblas, Juan, Mariane S. Reis, Amanda P. Belluzzo, Camila B. Quadros, Douglas R. V. Moraes, Claudio A. Almeida, Luis E. P. Maurano, André F. A. Carvalho, Sidnei J. S. Sant’Anna y Yosio E. Shimabukuro. "DETER-R: An Operational Near-Real Time Tropical Forest Disturbance Warning System Based on Sentinel-1 Time Series Analysis". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 15 (30 de julio de 2022): 3658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153658.
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Continuous monitoring of forest disturbance on tropical forests is a fundamental tool to support proactive preservation actions and to stop further destruction of native vegetation. Currently most of the monitoring systems in operation are based on optical imagery, and thus are flaw-prone on areas with frequent cloud cover. As this, several Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-based systems have been developed recently, aiming all-weather disturbance detection. This article presents the main aspects and the results of the first year of operation of the SAR based Near Real-Time Deforestation Detection System (DETER-R), an automated deforestation detection system focused on the Brazilian Amazon. DETER-R uses the Google Earth Engine platform to preprocess and analyze Sentinel-1 SAR time series. New images are treated and analyzed daily. After the automated analysis, the system vectorizes clusters of deforested pixels and sends the corresponding polygons to the environmental enforcement agency. After 12 months of operational life, the system has produced 88,572 forest disturbance warnings. Human validation of the warning polygons showed a extremely low rate of misdetections, with less than 0.2% of the detected area corresponding to false positives. During the first year of operation, DETER-R provided 33,234 warnings of interest to national monitoring agencies which were not detected by its optical counterpart DETER in the same period, corresponding to an area of 105,238.5 ha, or approximately 5% of the total detections. During the rainy season, the rate of additional detections increased as expected, reaching 8.1%.
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Park, Sung-Sik, Van-Than Tran y Dong-Eun Lee. "Application of Various YOLO Models for Computer Vision-Based Real-Time Pothole Detection". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 23 (26 de noviembre de 2021): 11229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311229.
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Pothole repair is one of the paramount tasks in road maintenance. Effective road surface monitoring is an ongoing challenge to the management agency. The current pothole detection, which is conducted image processing with a manual operation, is labour-intensive and time-consuming. Computer vision offers a mean to automate its visual inspection process using digital imaging, hence, identifying potholes from a series of images. The goal of this study is to apply different YOLO models for pothole detection. Three state-of-the-art object detection frameworks (i.e., YOLOv4, YOLOv4-tiny, and YOLOv5s) are experimented to measure their performance involved in real-time responsiveness and detection accuracy using the image set. The image set is identified by running the deep convolutional neural network (CNN) on several deep learning pothole detectors. After collecting a set of 665 images in 720 × 720 pixels resolution that captures various types of potholes on different road surface conditions, the set is divided into training, testing, and validation subsets. A mean average precision at 50% Intersection-over-Union threshold (mAP_0.5) is used to measure the performance of models. The study result shows that the mAP_0.5 of YOLOv4, YOLOv4-tiny, and YOLOv5s are 77.7%, 78.7%, and 74.8%, respectively. It confirms that the YOLOv4-tiny is the best fit model for pothole detection.
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Lovell, Robin J. "Identifying Alternative Wetting and Drying Adoption (AWD) in the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta: A Change Detection Approach". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, n.º 7 (22 de julio de 2019): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8070312.
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Alternative wetting and drying (AWD) is an increasingly popular water-saving practice in rice production in the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta, especially considering the impact of projected climate change and reduced water availability. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to determine adoption without deploying thousands of costly household surveys. This research used European Space Agency Sentinel-1a and 1b radar data, combined with in-situ moisture readings, to determine AWD adoption through change detection of a time series wetness index (WI). By using a beta coefficient of the radar data, the WI avoided the pitfalls of cloud cover, surface roughness, and vegetative interference that arise from the sigma coefficient data. The analysis illustrated an AWD adoption likelihood scale across the delta and it showed potential for the use of remotely sensed data to detect adoption. Trends across the Vietnamese delta showed higher adoption rates inland, with lower adoption of AWD in the coastal provinces. These results were supported by a simultaneous effort to collect household level adoption data as part of the same project. However, correlation between the WI values and in situ soil moisture meter readings were most accurate in alluvial soils, illustrating a particularly strong relationship between soil type and WI model robustness. The research suggests that future change detection efforts should focus on retrieving a multi-season dataset and employing a power density analysis on the time series data to fully understand the periodicity of dry down patterns.
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Eissa, Mostafa Essam. "Adulterated Pharmaceutical Product Detection Using Statistical Process Control". Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21, n.º 1 (15 de agosto de 2018): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v21i1.37900.
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Drugs manufactured in pharmaceutical companies - that do not comply to current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) - are considered by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as "adulterated medicines", even if they did not impose any health or quality risk to the final consumers. Non compliance to cGMP has adverse effects on both customers and companies with think again escalating legal penalties may be issued. In the current study, newly established pharmaceutical plant launched film coated tablet for treatment of common cold symptoms. The local regulatory agency in collaboration with quality team of a well-established pharmaceutical company in the area has conducted large survey that covered new firms to elucidate the compliance of the facilities of those newly emerging companies to cGMP, partially using statistical process control (SPC). The generated results for the product by quality control (QC) and in-process control (IPC) were processed using statistical software packages. Trending of data brought the focus on hardness test which later highlight the need to investigate dissolution pattern of the three active components of the dosage form. Time series plot of hardness for 195 batches manufactured during 2016 showed non consistency and stability of the process which can be segmented chronologically into three distinct segments. A significant negative correlation (-0.64 by Spearman correlation) was found between the hardness and the dissolution of one the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) viz, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride. Inconsistent operation during hardness as IPC test was reflected in the dissolution QC test. Effect on other properties should be investigated.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 21(1): 7-15, 2018
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Berwal, P., C. S. Murthy, P. V. Raju y M. V. R. Sesha Sai. "GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF NEAR-SURFACE SOIL MOISTURE TIME SERIES DATA OVER INDIAN REGION". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (21 de junio de 2016): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b7-631-2016.
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The present study has developed the time series database surface soil moisture over India, for June, July and August months for the period of 20 years from 1991 to 2010, using data products generated under Climate Change Initiative Programme of European Space Agency. These three months represent the crop sowing period in the prime cropping season in the country and the soil moisture data during this period is highly useful to detect the drought conditions and assess the drought impact. The time series soil moisture data which is in 0.25 degree spatial resolution was analyzed to generate different indicators. Rainfall data of same spatial resolution for the same period, generated by India Meteorological Department was also procured and analyzed. Geospatial analysis of soil moisture and rainfall derived indicators was carried out to study (1) inter annual variability of soil moisture and rainfall, (2) soil moisture deviations from normal during prominent drought years, (3) soil moisture and rainfall correlations and (4) drought exposure based on soil moisture and rainfall variability. The study has successfully demonstrated the potential of these soil moisture time series data sets for generating regional drought surveillance information products, drought hazard mapping, drought exposure analysis and detection of drought sensitive areas in the crop planting period.
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Berwal, P., C. S. Murthy, P. V. Raju y M. V. R. Sesha Sai. "GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF NEAR-SURFACE SOIL MOISTURE TIME SERIES DATA OVER INDIAN REGION". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (21 de junio de 2016): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b7-631-2016.
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The present study has developed the time series database surface soil moisture over India, for June, July and August months for the period of 20 years from 1991 to 2010, using data products generated under Climate Change Initiative Programme of European Space Agency. These three months represent the crop sowing period in the prime cropping season in the country and the soil moisture data during this period is highly useful to detect the drought conditions and assess the drought impact. The time series soil moisture data which is in 0.25 degree spatial resolution was analyzed to generate different indicators. Rainfall data of same spatial resolution for the same period, generated by India Meteorological Department was also procured and analyzed. Geospatial analysis of soil moisture and rainfall derived indicators was carried out to study (1) inter annual variability of soil moisture and rainfall, (2) soil moisture deviations from normal during prominent drought years, (3) soil moisture and rainfall correlations and (4) drought exposure based on soil moisture and rainfall variability. The study has successfully demonstrated the potential of these soil moisture time series data sets for generating regional drought surveillance information products, drought hazard mapping, drought exposure analysis and detection of drought sensitive areas in the crop planting period.
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Purkhauser, A. F., J. A. Koch y R. Pail. "Applicability of NGGM near-real time simulations in flood detection". Journal of Geodetic Science 9, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2019): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2019-0011.
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Abstract The GRACE mission has demonstrated a tremendous potential for observing mass changes in the Earth system from space for climate research and the observation of climate change. Future mission should on the one hand extend the already existing time series and also provide higher spatial and temporal resolution that is required to fulfil all needs placed on a future mission. To analyse the applicability of such a Next Generation Gravity Mission (NGGM) concept regarding hydrological applications, two GRACE-FO-type pairs in Bender formation are analysed. The numerical closed loop simulations with a realistic noise assumption are based on the short arc approach and make use of the Wiese approach, enabling a self-de-aliasing of high-frequency atmospheric and oceanic signals, and a NRT approach for a short latency. Numerical simulations for future gravity mission concepts are based on geophysical models, representing the time-variable gravity field. First tests regarding the usability of the hydrology component contained in the Earth System Model (ESM) by the European Space Agency (ESA) for the analysis regarding a possible flood monitoring and detection showed a clear signal in a third of the analysed flood cases. Our analysis of selected cases found that detection of floods was clearly possible with the reconstructed AOHIS/HIS signal in 20% of the tested examples, while in 40% of the cases a peak was visible but not clearly recognisable.
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Dellarco, Vicki L., Kathleen H. Mavournin y Michael D. Waters. "An introduction to a series of U.S. environmental protection agency special committee reports on testing approaches for the detection of chemically induced aneuploidy". Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology 167, n.º 1-2 (enero de 1986): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1110(86)90005-9.
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Nguyen, Dinh Dung, Jozsef Rohacs y Daniel Rohacs. "Autonomous Flight Trajectory Control System for Drones in Smart City Traffic Management". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, n.º 5 (17 de mayo de 2021): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10050338.
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With the exponential growth of numerous drone operations ranging from infrastructure monitoring to even package delivery services, the integration of UAS in the smart city transportation systems is an actual task that requires radically new, sustainable (safe, secure, with minimum environmental impact and life cycle cost) solutions. The primary objective of this proposed option is the definition of routes as desired and commanded trajectories and their autonomous execution. The airspace structure and fixed routes are given in the global GPS reference system with supporting GIS mapping. The concept application requires a series of further studies and solutions as drone trajectory (or corridor) following by an autonomous trajectory tracking control system, coupled with autonomous conflict detection, resolution, safe drone following, and formation flight options. The second part of the paper introduces such possible models and shows some results of their verification tests. Drones will be connected with the agency, designed trajectories to support them with factual information on trajectories and corridors. While the agency will use trajectory elements to design fixed or desired trajectories, drones may use the conventional GPS, infrared, acoustic, and visual sensors for positioning and advanced navigation. The accuracy can be improved by unique markers integrated into the infrastructure.
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Crevoisier, C., C. Clerbaux, V. Guidard, T. Phulpin, R. Armante, B. Barret, C. Camy-Peyret et al. "Towards IASI-New Generation (IASI-NG): impact of improved spectral resolution and radiometric noise on the retrieval of thermodynamic, chemistry and climate variables". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, n.º 6 (19 de diciembre de 2013): 11215–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-11215-2013.
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Abstract. Besides their strong contribution to weather forecast improvement through data assimilation, thermal infrared sounders onboard polar-orbiting platforms are now playing a key role for monitoring atmospheric composition changes. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instrument developed by the French space agency (CNES) and launched by Eumetsat onboard the Metop satellite series is providing essential inputs for weather forecasting and pollution/climate monitoring owing to its smart combination of large horizontal swath, good spectral resolution and high radiometric performance. EUMETSAT is currently preparing the next polar-orbiting program (EPS-SG) with the Metop-SG satellite series that should be launched around 2020. In this framework, CNES is studying the concept of a new instrument, the IASI-New Generation (IASI-NG), characterized by an improvement of both spectral and radiometric characteristics as compared to IASI, with three objectives: (i) continuity of the IASI/Metop series; (ii) improvement of vertical resolution; (iii) improvement of the accuracy and detection threshold for atmospheric and surface components. In this paper, we show that an improvement of spectral resolution and radiometric noise fulfill these objectives by leading to (i) a better vertical coverage in the lower part of the troposphere, thanks to the increase in spectral resolution; (ii) an increase in the accuracy of the retrieval of several thermodynamic, climate and chemistry variables, thanks to the improved signal-to-noise ratio as well as less interferences between the signatures of the absorbing species in the measured radiances. The detection limit of several atmospheric species is also improved. We conclude that IASI-NG has the potential for strongly benefiting the numerical weather prediction, chemistry and climate communities now connected through the European GMES/Copernicus initiative.
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Addou, Rachid, Khalid Obda, Nir Y. Krakauer, Mohamed Hanchane, Ridouane Kessabi, Bouchta El Khazzan y Imad Eddine Achir. "Statistical Analysis for the Detection of Change Points and the Evaluation of Monthly Mean Temperature Trends of the Moulouya Basin (Morocco)". Advances in Meteorology 2024 (10 de abril de 2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/5027669.
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This study examines the spatiotemporal variability of mean monthly temperature in the Moulouya watershed of northeastern Morocco, highlighting associated trends. To this end, statistical methods widely recommended by climate researchers were adopted. We used monthly mean temperature data for the period 1980–2020 from 9 measuring stations belonging to the Moulouya Watershed Agency (ABHM). These stations were rigorously selected, taking into account their reliability, the length of their records, and their geographical position in the basin. In addition, a quality test and homogenization of the temperature series were carried out using the Climatol tool. The results obtained show a significant upward trend in mean monthly temperature, mainly pronounced during the summer months, in the Moulouya watershed. In fact, Z values generally exceeded the 0.05 significance level at all stations during April, May, June, July, August, and October. According to the results of Sen’s slope test, mean monthly temperatures show an annual increase ranging from 0 to 0.13°C. The maximum magnitude of warming is recorded in July, specifically at Oujda Station. On an overall watershed scale, May, August, and July show a rapid warming trend, with average rates of 0.093, 0.086, and 0.08°C per year, respectively. By contrast, the series for the other months show no significant trend. Significant trend change points were also identified at watershed and station scales, mainly around 2000, primarily for accelerated warming of the summer months.
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Crevoisier, C., C. Clerbaux, V. Guidard, T. Phulpin, R. Armante, B. Barret, C. Camy-Peyret et al. "Towards IASI-New Generation (IASI-NG): impact of improved spectral resolution and radiometric noise on the retrieval of thermodynamic, chemistry and climate variables". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, n.º 12 (10 de diciembre de 2014): 4367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-4367-2014.
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Abstract. Besides their strong contribution to weather forecast improvement through data assimilation, thermal infrared sounders onboard polar-orbiting platforms are now playing a key role for monitoring atmospheric composition changes. The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instrument developed by the French space agency (CNES) and launched by EUMETSAT onboard the Metop satellite series is providing essential inputs for weather forecasting and pollution/climate monitoring owing to its smart combination of large horizontal swath, good spectral resolution and high radiometric performance. EUMETSAT is currently preparing the next polar-orbiting program (EPS-SG) with the Metop-SG satellite series that should be launched around 2020. In this framework, CNES is studying the concept of a new instrument, the IASI-New Generation (IASI-NG), characterized by an improvement of both spectral and radiometric characteristics as compared to IASI, with three objectives: (i) continuity of the IASI/Metop series; (ii) improvement of vertical resolution; and (iii) improvement of the accuracy and detection threshold for atmospheric and surface components. In this paper, we show that an improvement of spectral resolution and radiometric noise fulfil these objectives by leading to (i) a better vertical coverage in the lower part of the troposphere, thanks to the increase in spectral resolution; and (ii) an increase in the accuracy of the retrieval of several thermodynamic, climate and chemistry variables, thanks to the improved signal-to-noise ratio as well as less interference between the signatures of the absorbing species in the measured radiances. The detection limit of several atmospheric species is also improved. We conclude that IASI-NG has the potential to strongly benefit the numerical weather prediction, chemistry and climate communities now connected through the European GMES/Copernicus initiative.
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Trinh, Le Hung y Van Phu Le. "Application of Sentinel 1 imagery data to detect and classify oil spills on the ocean". Petrovietnam Journal 2 (21 de marzo de 2022): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.47800/pvj.2022.02-05.
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Sentinel is the name of a series of Earth observation missions (from Sentinel 1 to Sentinel 6) developed by the Copernicus initiative and operated by the European Space Agency (ESA). Sentinel satellite image data, which includes optical and radar images, provided completely free of charge, has been widely and effectively used in Earth research. The paper presents a technical solution using Sentinel 1 satellite image in detecting and monitoring oil spill pollution at sea, testing for Mauritius sea area. The Otsu automatic thresholding method was applied to extract oil spills at sea from Sentinel 1A radar images. The processing was done on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform. The results of the study contribute to improving the efficiency of the application of radar remote sensing data in early detection and classification of oil spills, supporting the response to oil spill pollution at sea.
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Jiang, Panpan, Xiaohua Yang, Yaping Wan, Tiejun Zeng, Mingxing Nie, Chaofeng Wang, Yu Mao y Zhenghai Liu. "Detecting Unauthorized Movement of Radioactive Material Packages in Transport with an Adam-Optimized BP Neural Network Model". Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2023 (18 de diciembre de 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6363270.
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The rapid expansion of nuclear technology across various sectors due to global economic growth has led to a substantial rise in the transportation of radioactive materials. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) estimates that approximately 20 million shipments of radioactive materials occur annually. In this context, ensuring the safety and security of radioactive material transportation is of significant importance. IAEA’s “Security of Radioactive Materials in Transport” (Nuclear Security Series No. 9-G) mandates that an effective transport security system should provide immediate detection of any unauthorized removal of the packages. In the present study, an innovative Adam-optimized BP neural network model is developed for detecting unauthorized movements of radioactive material packages. To analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm, numerous experiments were conducted. The results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a 99.17% accuracy rate in detecting unauthorized movements of radioactive materials, with a missed alarm rate of 0.72% and a false alarm rate of 0.1%. This method also enables real-time detection of unauthorized removal of radioactive materials and effectively enhances the security of radioactive materials during transport to reduce the risks of theft, loss, diversion, or sabotage.
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Khaykin, Sergey M., Alain Hauchecorne, Robin Wing, Philippe Keckhut, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Jacques Porteneuve, Jean-Francois Mariscal y Jerome Schmitt. "Doppler lidar at Observatoire de Haute-Provence for wind profiling up to 75 km altitude: performance evaluation and observations". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, n.º 3 (31 de marzo de 2020): 1501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1501-2020.
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Abstract. A direct-detection Rayleigh–Mie Doppler lidar for measuring horizontal wind speed in the middle atmosphere (10 to 50 km altitude) has been deployed at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP) in southern France starting from 1993. After a recent upgrade, the instrument gained the capacity of wind profiling between 5 and 75 km altitude with vertical resolution up to 115 m and temporal resolution up to 5 min. The lidar comprises a monomode Nd:Yag laser emitting at 532 nm, three telescope assemblies and a double-edge Fabry–Pérot interferometer for detection of the Doppler shift in the backscattered light. In this article, we describe the instrument design, recap retrieval methodology and provide an updated error estimate for horizontal wind. The evaluation of the wind lidar performance is done using a series of 12 time-coordinated radiosoundings conducted at OHP. A point-by-point intercomparison shows a remarkably small average bias of 0.1 m s−1 between the lidar and the radiosonde wind profiles with a standard deviation of 2.3 m s−1. We report examples of a weekly and an hourly observation series, reflecting various dynamical events in the middle atmosphere, such as a sudden stratospheric warming event in January 2019 and an occurrence of a stationary gravity wave, generated by the flow over the Alps. A qualitative comparison between the wind profiles from the lidar and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System is also discussed. Finally, we present an example of early validation of the European Space Agency (ESA) Aeolus space-borne wind lidar using its ground-based predecessor.
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Wang, Huiqin, Mengjia Liu, Yumiao Zhang, Huimin Zhao, Wenjing Lu, Taifeng Lin, Ping Zhang y Dawei Zheng. "Rapid Detection of Aspergillus flavus and Quantitative Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Grain Crops Using a Portable Raman Spectrometer Combined with Colloidal Au Nanoparticles". Molecules 27, n.º 16 (18 de agosto de 2022): 5280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165280.
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Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxins in grain crops give rise to a serious threat to food security and cause huge economic losses. In particular, aflatoxin B1 has been identified as a Class I carcinogen to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Compared with conventional methods, Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has paved the way for the detection of Aspergillus flavus and Aflatoxins in grain crops as it is a rapid, nondestructive, and sensitive analytical method. In this work, the rapid detection of Aspergillus flavus and quantification of Aflatoxin B1 in grain crops were performed by using a portable Raman spectrometer combined with colloidal Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). With the increase of the concentration of Aspergillus flavus spore suspension in the range of 102–108 CFU/mL, the better the combination of Aspergillus flavus spores and AuNPs, the better the enhancement effect of AuNPs solution on the Aspergillus flavus. A series of different concentrations of aflatoxin B1 methanol solution combined with AuNPs were determined based on SERS and their spectra were similar to that of solid powder. Moreover, the characteristic peak increased gradually with the increase of concentration in the range of 0.0005–0.01 mg/L and the determination limit was 0.0005 mg/L, which was verified by HPLC in ppM concentration. This rapid detection method can greatly shorten the detection time from several hours or even tens of hours to a few minutes, which can help to take effective measures to avoid causing large economic losses.
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Vinayakumar, R., K. P. Soman y Prabaharan Poornachandran. "Evaluation of Recurrent Neural Network and its Variants for Intrusion Detection System (IDS)". International Journal of Information System Modeling and Design 8, n.º 3 (julio de 2017): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijismd.2017070103.
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This article describes how sequential data modeling is a relevant task in Cybersecurity. Sequences are attributed temporal characteristics either explicitly or implicitly. Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are a subset of artificial neural networks (ANNs) which have appeared as a powerful, principle approach to learn dynamic temporal behaviors in an arbitrary length of large-scale sequence data. Furthermore, stacked recurrent neural networks (S-RNNs) have the potential to learn complex temporal behaviors quickly, including sparse representations. To leverage this, the authors model network traffic as a time series, particularly transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP/IP) packets in a predefined time range with a supervised learning method, using millions of known good and bad network connections. To find out the best architecture, the authors complete a comprehensive review of various RNN architectures with its network parameters and network structures. Ideally, as a test bed, they use the existing benchmark Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency / Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (DARPA) / (KDD) Cup ‘99' intrusion detection (ID) contest data set to show the efficacy of these various RNN architectures. All the experiments of deep learning architectures are run up to 1000 epochs with a learning rate in the range [0.01-0.5] on a GPU-enabled TensorFlow and experiments of traditional machine learning algorithms are done using Scikit-learn. Experiments of families of RNN architecture achieved a low false positive rate in comparison to the traditional machine learning classifiers. The primary reason is that RNN architectures are able to store information for long-term dependencies over time-lags and to adjust with successive connection sequence information. In addition, the effectiveness of RNN architectures are shown for the UNSW-NB15 data set.
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Thiel, Cora S., Vladimir Pletser y Bernard Foing. "Human crew-related aspects for astrobiology research". International Journal of Astrobiology 10, n.º 3 (18 de mayo de 2011): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550411000152.
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AbstractSeveral space agencies and exploration stakeholders have a strong interest in obtaining information on technical and human aspects to prepare for future extra-terrestrial planetary exploration. In this context, the EuroGeoMars campaign, organized with support from the International Lunar Exploration Working Group (ILEWG), the European Space Agency (ESA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center and partner institutes, was conducted by the crews 76 and 77 in February 2009 in The Mars Society's ‘Mars Desert Research Station’ (MDRS) in Utah.The EuroGeoMars encompasses two groups of experiments: (1) a series of field science experiments that can be conducted from an extra-terrestrial planetary surface in geology, biology, astronomy/astrophysics and the necessary technology and networks to support these field investigations; (2) a series of human crew-related investigations on crew time organization in a planetary habitat, on the different functions and interfaces of this habitat, and on man–machine interfaces of science and technical equipment.This paper recalls the objective of the EuroGeoMars project and presents the MDRS and its habitat layout. Social and operational aspects during simulations are described. Technical and operational aspects of biology investigations in the field and in the habitat laboratory are discussed in detail with the focus point set on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of microbial DNA in soil samples.
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Kurekin, Andrey A., Peter I. Miller, Arlene L. Avillanosa y Joel D. C. Sumeldan. "Monitoring of Coastal Aquaculture Sites in the Philippines through Automated Time Series Analysis of Sentinel-1 SAR Images". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 12 (15 de junio de 2022): 2862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122862.
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With the unprecedented expansion of aquaculture around the world, there is a critical need to monitor its progress. In Palawan, Philippines, coastal aquaculture is gaining momentum towards increasing fish production, a pressure that presents a challenge to the sustainability of these areas. In this paper, we explore the application of Earth observation methods to map coastal aquaculture development in Palawan and evaluate the extent of its change. The European Space Agency Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar and Sentinel-2 multispectral instrument sensor data were applied in fully automatic mode to build maps of Palawan coastal aquaculture. The maps were validated using Google Earth high-resolution optical images and in situ observations in Malampaya Sound, and demonstrated a successful detection rate of 72%, while the false alarm rate was less than 7.5%. Objects only 5 m across, four times smaller than the spatial resolution of the Sentinel-1 sensors, were successfully detected using the developed methodology, thus exceeding the capabilities of other published methods that are limited to detecting large groups of aquaculture structures. The maps revealed aquaculture structures in high quantities in Malampaya Sound, Taytay Bay, and other locations in the coastal waters of Palawan, Philippines. A significant change of aquaculture spatial distribution was identified by comparing aquaculture maps generated with an interval of three years. This new automated methodology was validated as robust for mapping aquaculture objects in Palawan, Philippines, and can be applied to aquaculture studies in other regions worldwide.
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Da Silva, Djane Fonseca y Aline Bezerra De Sousa. "Detecção de Tendências Climáticas no Estado de Alagoas (Tend detection of climatic in Alagoas State)". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 6, n.º 3 (7 de noviembre de 2013): 442–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v6.3.p442-455.
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Nesse estudo foram utilizados dados de precipitação, temperatura máxima e mínima obtidos através da Agência Nacional das águas (ANA) para o período de 1961-2010 e através do INMET. Todas as séries foram submetidas ao teste de Mann-Kendall para identificar tendências e depois os valores das tendências serão submetidas ao teste de T-Student para verificar se os valores de tendência encontrados são significativos estatisticamente ou não. O norte do estado de Alagoas apresentou tendência de diminuir as precipitações e aumentar as temperaturas máximas. Com essas conclusões, políticas públicas devem ser adotadas, pois a região ficará mais quente e com menos chuvas, o que pode levar a conflitos devido disponibilidade hídrica, ao déficit hídrico, à fuga da população local, à diminuição de atividades agropecuárias etc. A B S T R A C T In this study were used data of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature obtained through the National Water Agency (ANA) for the period 1961-2010 and by INMET. All series were subjected to the Mann-Kendall test for trends and then the values of the trends will be submitted to the Student's t-test to see if the trend values found are statistically significant or not. The northern state of Alagoas tended to decrease precipitation and increase the maximum temperatures. With these findings, public policy should be adopted, since the region will be warmer and less rainfall, which can lead to conflicts because of water availability, water deficit, the escape of the local population, the decrease of agricultural activities etc. Keywords: Mann-Kendall test, T-Student student, Climate variations, Semi-arid
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Garba, Haruna y Udeme Udeme Udokpoh. "Analysis of Trend in Meteorological and Hydrological Time-series using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s Slope Estimator Statistical Test in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria". International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, n.º 10 (24 de agosto de 2023): 1017–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i102748.
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The monthly, seasonal, annual, and decadal trends of seven hydro-meteorological variables were analysed for stations in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, controlled by the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) and the Cross River Basin Development Authority (CRBDA) from 1972 to 2021. At the 5% statistical significance level, the non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator techniques were used to detect if there was a positive or negative trend and the magnitude of the trend in hydro-meteorological data. In the present study, there was a significant statistically increasing (positive) trend in mean seasonal and annual rainfall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and runoff. However, there was a significant statistically decreasing (negative) trend in average annual relative humidity, solar radiation, and potential evapotranspiration. The magnitudes of the trends were 19.39mm/year, 0.0314oC/year, 0.013oC/year, -0.104%/year, -8.78MJ/m2/year, -1.440mm/year, and 0.028m3/s/year for annual rainfall, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, PET, and runoff, respectively. The rising trends in precipitation, temperature, and runoff in this research area show that this region is subject to climatic variability. The results of the Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator statistical tests revealed the consistency of performance in the detection of the trend for the hydro-meteorological variables.
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Silva, Rogério De Souza, Rivanildo Dallacort, Ismael Cavalcante Maciel Junior, Marco Antonio Camillo De Carvalho, Oscar Mitsuo Yamashita, Dthenifer Cordeiro Santana, Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro, Paulo Eduardo Teodoro y Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior. "Rainfall and Extreme Drought Detection: An Analysis for a Potential Agricultural Region in the Southern Brazilian Amazon". Sustainability 16, n.º 14 (12 de julio de 2024): 5959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16145959.
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In recent decades, the main commercial crops of Mato Grosso, such as soybeans, corn, and cotton, have been undergoing transformations regarding the adoption of new technologies to increase production. However, regardless of the technological level, the climate of the region, including the rainfall regime, can influence the success of crops and facilitate, or not, the maximum production efficiency. This study aimed to define the behavior of the variability in monthly and annual rainfall and its probability of monthly occurrence and calculate the drought index for the northwestern region of Mato Grosso, in the southern region of the Brazilian Amazon. To carry out the study, daily rainfall records were collected, calculating the totals for each month of the historical series for each of the four National Water and Sanitation Agency (ANA) rain gauge stations, Aripuanã (1985–2020), Colniza (2001–2020), Cotriguaçu (2004–2020), and Juína (1985–2020), representing the northwestern region. The annual distribution of rainfall during the periods studied ranged from 1376.2 to 3017.3 mm. The monthly distribution indicated a typical water shortage in the months of June, July, and August. The probability of rainfall near the average for each month was more than 50%. The monthly SPI-1 index revealed a total of 56 months affected by very dry events and 34 extreme dry events. The annual SPI-12 index pointed to seven very dry years and five extremely dry years. Therefore, the region presented high rainfall rates in most years; however, a significant process of drought was also observed, including in rainy months, which are the periods with the greatest demand for the main agricultural crops.
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Tapete, Deodato y Francesca Cigna. "COSMO-SkyMed SAR for Detection and Monitoring of Archaeological and Cultural Heritage Sites". Remote Sensing 11, n.º 11 (2 de junio de 2019): 1326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11111326.
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Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery has long been used in archaeology since the earliest space radar missions in the 1980s. In the current scenario of SAR missions, the Italian Space Agency (ASI)’s COnstellation of small Satellites for Mediterranean basin Observation (COSMO-SkyMed) has peculiar properties that make this mission of potential use by archaeologists and heritage practitioners: high to very high spatial resolution, site revisit of up to one day, and conspicuous image archives over cultural heritage sites across the globe. While recent literature and the number of research projects using COSMO-SkyMed data for science and applied research suggest a growing interest in these data, it is felt that COSMO-SkyMed still needs to be further disseminated across the archaeological remote sensing community. This paper therefore offers a portfolio of use-cases that were developed in the last two years in the Scientific Research Unit of ASI, where COSMO-SkyMed data were analysed to study and monitor cultural landscapes and heritage sites. SAR-based applications in archaeological and cultural heritage sites in Peru, Syria, Italy, and Iraq, provide evidence on how subsurface and buried features can be detected by interpreting SAR backscatter, its spatial and temporal changes, and interferometric coherence, and how SAR-derived digital elevation models (DEM) can be used to survey surface archaeological features. The use-cases also showcase how high temporal revisit SAR time series can support environmental monitoring of land surface processes, and condition assessment of archaeological heritage and landscape disturbance due to anthropogenic impact (e.g., agriculture, mining, looting). For the first time, this paper provides an overview of the capabilities of COSMO-SkyMed imagery in StripMap Himage and Spotlight-2 mode to support archaeological studies, with the aim to encourage remote sensing scientists and archaeologists to search for and exploit these data for their investigations and research activities. Furthermore, some considerations are made with regard to the perspectives opened by the upcoming launch of ASI’s COSMO-SkyMed Second Generation constellation.
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d’Entremont, Robert P., Richard Lynch, Gennadi Uymin, Jean-Luc Moncet, Ryan B. Aschbrenner, Mark Conner y Gary B. Gustafson. "Application of Optimal Spectral Sampling for a Real-Time Global Cloud Analysis Model". Weather and Forecasting 31, n.º 3 (20 de mayo de 2016): 743–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-15-0077.1.
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Abstract The Cloud Depiction and Forecast System version 2 (CDFS II) is the operational global cloud analysis and forecasting model of the 557th Weather Wing, formerly the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency. The CDFS II cloud-detection algorithms are threshold-based tests that compare satellite-observed multispectral reflectance and brightness temperature signatures with those expected for the clear atmosphere. User-prescribed quantitative differences between sensor observations and the expected clear-scene radiances denote cloudy pixels. These radiances historically have been modeled at 24-km resolution from a running 10-day statistical analysis of cloud-free pixels that requires the entire global cloud analysis to be executed twice in real time: once in operational cloud detection mode and a second time in a cloud-clearing mode that is designed explicitly for generating clear-scene statistics. Having to run the cloud analysis twice means the availability of fewer compute cycles for other operational models and requires costly interactive maintenance of distinct cloud-detection and cloud-clearing threshold sets. Additionally, this technique breaks down whenever a region is persistently cloudy. These problems are eliminated by means of the optimal spectral sampling (OSS) radiative transfer model of Moncet et al., optimized for execution in the CDFS run-time environment. OSS is particularly well suited for real-time remote sensing applications because of its user-tunable computational speed and numerical accuracy, with respect to a reference line-by-line model. The use of OSS has cut cloud model processing times in half, eliminated the influence of cloudy pixel artifacts in the statistical time series prescription of cloud-cleared radiances, and improved cloud-mask quality.
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Graziosi, Alessandro, Marika Perrotta, Daniele Russo, Giorgia Gasparroni, Claudia D’Egidio, Benedetta Marinelli, Guido Di Marzio et al. "Oxidative Stress Markers and the Retinopathy of Prematurity". Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, n.º 9 (21 de agosto de 2020): 2711. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092711.
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Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of potentially preventable blindness in low birth weight preterm infants. Several perinatal and postnatal factors contribute to the incomplete maturation of retinal vascularization, leading to oxidative stress damage. Literature data suggest that the lack of equilibrium between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants plays a key role. In the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in identifying the antecedents of ROP and the relevant pathogenic mechanisms involved. In this context, a panel of biomarkers was investigated in order to achieve early detection of oxidative stress occurrence and to prevent retinal damage. Several nutritional elements have been found to play a relevant role in ROP prevention. At this stage, no conclusive data have been shown to support the usefulness of one biomarker over another. Recently, the Food and Drugs Administration, the European Medicine Agency, and the National Institute of Health proposed a series of criteria in order to promote the inclusion of new biomarkers in perinatal clinical guidelines and daily practice. The aim of the present review is to offer an update on a panel of biomarkers, currently investigated as potential predictors of ROP, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.
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Molinari, M. E., A. Monti-Guarnieri y M. Manzoni. "A NOVEL INDEX FOR TEMPORAL STABILITY ANALYSIS IN SPACE AND TIME OF SAR-DERIVED SCENES". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (22 de agosto de 2020): 1577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-1577-2020.
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Abstract. Detecting temporal changes is one of the most important applications of satellite sensors. In recent years, the increasing availability of regular time-series of SAR imagery, provided by the Sentinel-1 mission of the European Space Agency (ESA), has drawn increasing attention to these techniques, especially in earth environment monitoring and risk management. Within this paper, a coherent change detection analysis for evaluating the risk due to movements of dunes and sand sheets in desertic areas is proposed. To this purpose, we introduce a novel, coherence-based index, named Temporal Stability Index (TSI), that is suited for characterizing the percentage of stability of a target with time. TSI maps can be generated over areas as wide as hundreds of kilometers, in a short time, and mostly by exploiting available software tools (plus some simple coding). The information provided is complementary to the average of the short-term coherence, here shown. Results of analysis performed on two desertic regions (the United Arab Emirates and Egypt) document the usefulness of TSI for the identification of dune movements and areas subject to sand accumulation, supporting risk mitigation measures.
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Sobolev, N. A., E. A. Belonovskaya, K. N. Kobyakov, A. N. Krenke y S. V. Titova. "The Great Eurasian Natural Tract as an Object of World Importance". Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 92, n.º 3 (junio de 2022): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1019331622030157.
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Abstract The tasks of establishing an ecological network are presented, outlining some outcome of the long-term study of the Great Eurasian Natural Tract (Backbone), which is a continuous series of natural ecological systems from the Pacific Ocean to Fennoscandia. The story of the tract’s detection is briefly told as a modern geographical discovery. Its delineation is based on the map of Russia’s biomes resulting from remote-sensing analysis with field verification and other open data. Information about changing the area of natural ecosystems and variations of phytomass stock in various biomes are given. The authors give a monetary assessment of the ecosystem services of the Great Eurasian Natural Tract (GEANT), and a short-term forecast of changes in the productivity of its ecosystems is proposed. The issues of GEANT management are discussed: the inclusion of the concept of the ecological network in the Strategy for the Development of a System of Specially Protected Natural Areas in the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030 and the creation of a state agency that would supervise the territorial conservation. It is proposed to consolidate the GEANT’s status legally as a unique world natural heritage.
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Muske, K. R., J. C. Peyton Jones, J. S. Kirschman, J. C. Frey, I. H. Makki, M. J. Uhrich y J. W. Howse. "Probability density diagnostic metric for an integrated three-way catalyst controller and monitor". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 222, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2008): 2185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto744.
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An integrated model-based methodology for three-way automotive catalyst control and diagnostic monitoring is presented in this work. The catalyst controller and monitor both utilize a limited integrator catalyst oxygen storage model with an adaptive integral gain. This adaptive catalyst gain, which is a measure of the catalyst oxygen storage capacity, is used by the controller to provide information on the dynamic catalyst behaviour and by the diagnostic monitor to provide information on long-term catalyst deactivation and short-term emission control device failure. A statistical classification technique based on the fraction of time that the catalyst gain values in a moving window are within a threshold of zero is employed as the test metric for on-board diagnostic monitoring. The performance of the catalyst monitor is demonstrated with experimental vehicle test data from a 4.6 l ULEV II gasoline engine operated over a series of Environmental Protection Agency Federal Test Procedure drive cycles with differently aged catalysts. Preliminary results indicate that it is possible to perform very accurate discrimination between catalyst operation, even near the on-board diagnostic detection threshold, using this technique.
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Snowden, Helen y Sarah Marriott. "Developing a local shared care protocol for managing people with psychotic illness in primary care". Psychiatric Bulletin 27, n.º 07 (julio de 2003): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0955603600002555.
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Aims and Method The National Service Framework sets standards to improve the treatment of mental health on a national level, and requires the development of localised shared care protocols. We aimed to develop a shared care protocol for use in local National Health Service (NHS) services, based on best practice guidelines and local consensus. A systematic literature search used three databases and the advice of a clinical expert. Articles satisfying the search inclusion criteria were retrieved and appraised. Clinical recommendations from well-designed regional and national documents relevant to all aspects of the management of psychotic illness in primary care were compared and contrasted by a facilitated group involving primary and secondary care clinicians who drafted the final recommendations. A multi-agency steering group guided the work. Results Twenty-two articles were retrieved, of which nine reached the criteria for inclusion. The protocol provided a comprehensive range of recommendations regarding detection, assessment, management, referral and shared working with local mental health services. Clinical Implications Using local clinical consensus to resolve uncertainty about conflicting clinical recommendations from a series of well-designed guidelines was an effective method for adapting clinical guidelines to local circumstances.
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Snowden, Helen y Sarah Marriott. "Developing a local shared care protocol for managing people with psychotic illness in primary care". Psychiatric Bulletin 27, n.º 7 (junio de 2003): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.27.7.261.
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Aims and MethodThe National Service Framework sets standards to improve the treatment of mental health on a national level, and requires the development of localised shared care protocols. We aimed to develop a shared care protocol for use in local National Health Service (NHS) services, based on best practice guidelines and local consensus. A systematic literature search used three databases and the advice of a clinical expert. Articles satisfying the search inclusion criteria were retrieved and appraised. Clinical recommendations from well-designed regional and national documents relevant to all aspects of the management of psychotic illness in primary care were compared and contrasted by a facilitated group involving primary and secondary care clinicians who drafted the final recommendations. A multi-agency steering group guided the work.ResultsTwenty-two articles were retrieved, of which nine reached the criteria for inclusion. The protocol provided a comprehensive range of recommendations regarding detection, assessment, management, referral and shared working with local mental health services.Clinical ImplicationsUsing local clinical consensus to resolve uncertainty about conflicting clinical recommendations from a series of well-designed guidelines was an effective method for adapting clinical guidelines to local circumstances.
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Gratz, Samuel R., Laura A. Ciolino, Angela S. Mohrhaus, Bryan M. Gamble, Jill M. Gracie, David S. Jackson, John P. Roetting et al. "Screening and Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Seafoods Using QuEChERS-Based Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 94, n.º 5 (1 de septiembre de 2011): 1601–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.11-035.
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Abstract A rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for the screening and determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in edible seafood is described. The method uses quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based extraction and HPLC with fluorescence detection (FLD). The method was developed and validated in response to the massive Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. Rapid and highly sensitive PAH screening methods are critical tools needed for oil spill response; they help to assess when seafood is safe for harvesting and consumption. Sample preparation involves SPE of edible seafood portions with acetonitrile, followed by the addition of salts to induce water partitioning. After centrifugation, a portion of the acetonitrile layer is filtered prior to analysis via HPLC-FLD. The chromatographic method uses a polymeric C18 stationary phase designed for PAH analysis with gradient elution, and it resolves 15 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority parent PAHs in fewer than 20 min. The procedure was validated in three laboratories for the parent PAHs using spike recovery experiments at PAH fortification levels ranging from 25 to 10 000 μg/kg in oysters, shrimp, crab, and finfish, with recoveries ranging from 78 to 99%. Additional validation was conducted for a series of alkylated homologs of naphthalene, dibenzothiophene, and phenanthrene, with recoveries ranging from 87 to 128%. Method accuracy was further assessed based on analysis of National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 1974b. The method provides method detection limits in the sub to low ppb (μg/kg) range, and practical LOQs in the low ppb (μg/kg) range for most of the PAH compounds studied.
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Moser, Virginia Clayton. "Applications of a Neurobehavioral Screening Battery". Journal of the American College of Toxicology 10, n.º 6 (noviembre de 1991): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819109078658.
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With the growing awareness of the neurological effects of many environmental chemicals, there is considerable emphasis being placed on the detection of neurotoxic potential at the screening, or first-tier, level of testing. We have developed a neurobehavioral screening battery consisting of a functional observational battery (FOB) and an automated measure of motor activity which can be incorporated into neuropathological studies as well as general toxicity assessments of new and existing chemicals in rats. This approach has been recommended by several expert national and international panels, and recently has been recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for testing pesticides and industrial chemicals. The FOB consists of a series of home-cage, open-field, and interactive assessments of the rat's behavior and neurological functions. Motor activity provides an objective apical measure of the rat's neurobehavioral function. In order to assess validity, sensitivity, and specificity, we have utilized these test methods to determine dose-response and time-course characteristics of a wide variety of chemicals including pesticides, metals, solvents, and industrial compounds. We currently are developing approaches to provide profiles of effect for different types of neurotoxicants, which can then be used to make decisions concerning neurotoxic potential and provide direction for more in-depth, second-tier testing.
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Putra, Berlian Juliartha Martin, Afrida Helen y Ali Ridho Barakbah. "Rule-based Sentiment Degree Measurement of Opinion Mining of Community Participatory in the Government of Surabaya". EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology 6, n.º 2 (29 de diciembre de 2018): 200–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.24003/emitter.v6i2.275.
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Diskominfo Surabaya, as a government agency, received much community participatory for improvement of governmental services, with increasing number of 698, 2717, 4176 and 4298 participatory data respectively in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014. It is challenging for Diskominfo Surabaya to set a target by giving the response back within 24 hours. Due to task complexity to address the degree of participatory and to categorize the group of participatory, they faced difficulty to fulfill the target. In this research, we present a new system for measuring the sentiment degree of community participatory. We provide 5 functions in our system, which are: (1) Data Collection, (2) Data Preprocessing, (3) Text Mining, (4) Sentiment Analysis and (5) Validation. We propose our rule-based technique for the sentiment analysis of opinion mining with detection of 8 important parts, which are (1) Verb, (2) Adjective, (3) Preposition, (4) Noun, (5) Adverb, (6) Symbol, (7) Phrase, and (8) Complimentary. For applicability of our proposed system, we made a series of experiment with 410 data of community participatory in Twitter for Diskominfo Surabaya and compared with other sentiment classification algorithms which are SVM and Naive Bayes Classifier. Our system performed 77.32% rate of accuracy and outperformed to other comparing algorithms.
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Foody, Rebecca, Jacob Coburn, Jeanie A. Aird, Rebecca J. Barthelmie y Sara C. Pryor. "Quantitative comparison of power production and power quality onshore and offshore: a case study from the eastern United States". Wind Energy Science 9, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2024): 263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-9-263-2024.
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Abstract. A major issue in quantifying potential power generation from prospective wind energy sites is the lack of observations from heights relevant to modern wind turbines, particularly for offshore where blade tip heights are projected to increase beyond 250 m. We present analyses of uniquely detailed data sets from lidar (light detection and ranging) deployments in New York State and on two buoys in the adjacent New York Bight to examine the relative power generation potential and power quality at these on- and offshore locations. Time series of 10 min wind power production are computed from these wind speeds using the power curve from the International Energy Agency 15 MW reference wind turbine. Given the relatively close proximity of these lidar deployments, they share a common synoptic-scale meteorology and seasonal variability with lowest wind speeds in July and August. Time series of power production from the on- and offshore location are highly spatially correlated with the Spearman rank correlation coefficient dropping below 0.4 for separation distances of approximately 350 km. Hence careful planning of on- and offshore wind farms (i.e., separation of major plants by > 350 km) can be used reduce the system-wide probability of low wind energy power production. Energy density at 150 m height at the offshore buoys is more than 40 % higher, and the Weibull scale parameter is 2 m s−1 higher than at all but one of the land sites. Analyses of power production time series indicate annual energy production is almost twice as high for the two offshore locations. Further, electrical power production quality is higher from the offshore sites that exhibit a lower amplitude of diurnal variability, plus a lower probability of wind speeds below the cut-in and of ramp events of any magnitude. Despite this and the higher resource, the estimated levelized cost of energy (LCoE) is higher from the offshore sites mainly due to the higher infrastructure costs. Nonetheless, the projected LCoE is highly competitive from all sites considered.
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Kugler, Zsofia, Son Nghiem y G. Brakenridge. "L-Band Passive Microwave Data from SMOS for River Gauging Observations in Tropical Climates". Remote Sensing 11, n.º 7 (8 de abril de 2019): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11070835.
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The Global Flood Detection Systems (GFDS) currently operated at the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) is a satellite-based observation system that provides daily stream flow measurements of global rivers. The system was initially established using NASA Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer—Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Ka-band passive microwave satellite data. Since its initiation in 2006, the methodology and the GFDS database have been further adapted for data acquired by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) GOES Precipitation Index (GPI), the AMSR2 sensor onboard the Global Change Observation Mission – Water satellite (GCOM-W1), and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) sensor. This paper extends the same flow monitoring methodology to low frequency (L-band) passive microwave observations obtained by the European Space Agency (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) sensor that was launched in 2009. A primary focus is tropical climate regions with dense rainforest vegetation (the Amazon, the Orinoco, and the Congo basins) where high-frequency microwave observations from GFDS reveal a significant influence of vegetation cover and atmospheric humidity. In contrast, SMOS passive microwave signatures at the much lower L-band frequency exhibit deeper penetration through the dense vegetation and minimal atmospheric effects, enabling more robust river stage retrievals in these regions. The SMOS satellite river gauging observations are for 2010–2018 and are compared to single-sensor GFDS data over several river sites. To reduce noise, different filtering techniques were tested to select the one most suitable for analysis of the L-band time series information. In-situ water level (stage) measurements from the French Observation Service SO Hybam database were used for validation to further evaluate the performance of the SMOS data series. In addition to GFDS data, water stage information from Jason-2 and Jason-3 altimetry was compared to the microwave results. Correlation of SMOS gauging time series with in-situ stage data revealed a good agreement (r = 0.8–0.94) during the analyzed period of 2010–2018. Moderate correlation was found with both high frequency GFDS data series and altimetry data series. With lower vegetation attenuation, SMOS signatures exhibited a robust linear relationship with river stage without seasonal bias from the complex hysteresis effects that appeared in the Ka-band observations, apparently due to different attenuation impacts through dense forests at different seasonal vegetation stages.
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Loozen, Yasmina, Karin T. Rebel, Derek Karssenberg, Martin J. Wassen, Jordi Sardans, Josep Peñuelas y Steven M. De Jong. "Remote sensing of canopy nitrogen at regional scale in Mediterranean forests using the spaceborne MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index". Biogeosciences 15, n.º 9 (7 de mayo de 2018): 2723–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2723-2018.
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Abstract. Canopy nitrogen (N) concentration and content are linked to several vegetation processes. Therefore, canopy N concentration is a state variable in global vegetation models with coupled carbon (C) and N cycles. While there are ample C data available to constrain the models, widespread N data are lacking. Remotely sensed vegetation indices have been used to detect canopy N concentration and canopy N content at the local scale in grasslands and forests. Vegetation indices could be a valuable tool to detect canopy N concentration and canopy N content at larger scale. In this paper, we conducted a regional case-study analysis to investigate the relationship between the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI) time series from European Space Agency (ESA) Envisat satellite at 1 km spatial resolution and both canopy N concentration (%N) and canopy N content (N g m−2, of ground area) from a Mediterranean forest inventory in the region of Catalonia, in the northeast of Spain. The relationships between the datasets were studied after resampling both datasets to lower spatial resolutions (20, 15, 10 and 5 km) and at the original spatial resolution of 1 km. The results at higher spatial resolution (1 km) yielded significant log–linear relationships between MTCI and both canopy N concentration and content: r2 = 0.32 and r2 = 0.17, respectively. We also investigated these relationships per plant functional type. While the relationship between MTCI and canopy N concentration was strongest for deciduous broadleaf and mixed plots (r2 = 0.24 and r2 = 0.44, respectively), the relationship between MTCI and canopy N content was strongest for evergreen needleleaf trees (r2 = 0.19). At the species level, canopy N concentration was strongly related to MTCI for European beech plots (r2 = 0.69). These results present a new perspective on the application of MTCI time series for canopy N detection.
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Sarvia, Filippo, Samuele De Petris y Enrico Borgogno-Mondino. "Mapping Ecological Focus Areas within the EU CAP Controls Framework by Copernicus Sentinel-2 Data". Agronomy 12, n.º 2 (6 de febrero de 2022): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020406.
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Greening is a Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidy that ensures that all EU farmers receiving income support produce climate and environmental benefits as part of their farming activities. To receive greening support, it is mandatory for the farmer to carry out three agricultural practices that are considered environmentally and climate friendly: (a) crop diversification; (b) maintenance of permanent meadows and pastures; and (c) presence of an Ecological Focus Area (EFA). Contributions are delivered and monitored by paying agencies (PP) that ordinarily perform administrative checks and spot checks. The latter are provided through photo-interpretation of high-resolution satellite or aerial images and, in specific cases, through local ground checks (GC) as well. In this work, stimulated by the Piemonte Regional Agency for Payments in Agriculture (ARPEA), a prototype service to support PPs’ controls within the greening CAP framework was proposed with special concern for EFA detection. The proposed approach is expected to represent a valid alternative or supporting tool for GC. It relies on the analysis of NDVI time series derived from Copernicus Sentinel-2 data. The study was conducted in the provinces of Turin, Asti and Vercelli within the Piedmont Region (NW Italy), and over 12,500 EFA fields were assessed. Since the recent National Report No. 5465 stipulates that mowing and any other soil management operation is prohibited on set-aside land designated as an EFA during the reference period (RP) between 1st March and 30th June, a time series (TS) of NDVI in the same period was generated. Once averaged at plot level, NDVI trends were modelled by a first-order polynomial, and the correspondent statistics (namely, R2, MAE and maximum residual) was computed. These were assumed to play the role of discriminants in EFA detection based on a thresholding approach (Otsu’s method), calibrated with reference to the training dataset. The threshold satisfaction was therefore tested, and, depending on the number of satisfied thresholds out of the possible three, EFA and non-EFA plots were detected with a different degree of reliability. The correspondent EFA map was generated for the area of interest and validated according to GCs as provided by the ARPEA. The results showed an overall accuracy of 84%, indicating that the approach is promising. The authors retain that this procedure represents a valid alternative (or integrating) tool for ground controls by PPs.
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Xu, Ting, Hua Tang, Dazhou Chen, Haifeng Dong y Lei Li. "Simultaneous Determination of 24 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Edible Oil by Tandem Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography Coupled/Tandem Mass Spectrometry". Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, n.º 2 (1 de marzo de 2015): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.14-075.
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Abstract An efficient and fast tandem SPE method followed by GC/MS/MS has been developed for the determination and the quantification of 24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in edible oil. This method includes the monitoring of 15 + 1 PAHs designated as a priority by the European Union in their 2005/108/EC recommendation and 16 PAHs listed by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. The sample preparation procedures were based on SPE in which PAH-dedicated cartridges with molecularly imprinted polymers and graphitized carbon black were used in series. The novel tandem SPE combination of selective extraction and purification of light and heavy PAHs provided highly purified analytes. Identification and quantification of 24 target PAHs were performed using GC/MS/MS with the isotope dilution approaches using D-labeled and 13C-labeled PAHs. The advantages of GC/MS/MS as compared to other detection methods include high sensitivity, selectivity, and interpretation ability. The method showed satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.998) over the range assayed (0.5–200 μg/kg); the LODs ranged from 0.03 to 0.6 μg/kg, and LOQs from 0.1 to 2.0 μg/kg. The recoveries using this method at three spiked concentration levels (2, 10, and 50 μg/kg) ranged from 56.8 to 117.7%. The RSD was lower than 12.7% in all cases. The proposed analytical method has been successfully applied for the analysis of the 24 PAHs in edible oil.
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Gustasya, Yosy, Raymundus Putra Situmorang y Regil Kentaurus Harryes. "The Early Warning System Effectiveness of the Maritime Security Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (Bakamla RI) in the Prevention of Drug Invention through the Sea Lane". Jurnal Pertahanan: Media Informasi ttg Kajian & Strategi Pertahanan yang Mengedepankan Identity, Nasionalism & Integrity 9, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2023): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jp.v9i1.7430.
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<p>The Republic of Indonesia Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla RI) was formed based on the mandate of Article 59 Paragraph 3 of Law Number 32 of 2014 concerning Maritime Affairs. Bakamla RI has implemented an early warning system to ensure security and safety in Indonesian waters and jurisdiction. The Bakamla RI Early Warning System (EWS), known as a choke point for maritime security and safety, has already been built and spread throughout Indonesian waters. However, in reality, drug smuggling by sea is still common. Drug smuggling by sea is still dominant today. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) revealed that 80% of drug trafficking is carried out by sea. Narcotics transactions in the middle of the sea are very safe transactions, this is due to very weak supervision in the middle of the sea by officers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanism and effectiveness of an early-stage warning system in preventing drug smuggling by sea. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with interview data collection techniques. Research shows that the Early Warning System Series produces ship detection and assistance data that can be processed into ship anomaly information. The application of the Bakamla RI early warning system to prevent drug smuggling by sea has not been effective. The difficulty of realizing information between agencies and the weak synergy in exchanging information are the main obstacles to the efficiency of the early warning system. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the capability of the Bakamla RI Early Warning System by integrating the Command and Control Center (Puskodal) or Control Center (Pusdal) of related agencies, as well as equipping it with monitoring equipment that integrates the Early Warning System.</p>