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1
Pajkovic, Boris. ""Patriots, Traitors and Globalisers : Cultural Identities and National Imaginings in Montenegro". Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525017.
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Hamidi, Abd Abad Marthe Hiev. "‘Traitors, Snitches, Collaborators’ : Analysing In-Group Criticism Towards Peace Organisations in Intractable Conflict". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385722.
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Identity serves two functions: it orders our environment, and it gives us a sense of certainty. The role played by identity in the intractability of conflict has recently sparked a new line of research. Drawing on insights from social psychological research, I argue that intractable conflict circumstances bolster social identities and create rigid group norms, which affect the vulnerability of peace movement organizations that operate in this context. I hypothesize that peace organizations that disregard prominent group beliefs regarding the conflict, are more likely to be severely criticized at the collective level. For the empirical analysis, I turn to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, a typical case of on-going intractable conflict. I compare the results of a qualitative content analysis of expressions of in-group criticism towards local Israeli peace organisations in local media reporting, within the framework of group beliefs (2005-2018). The results indicate an overall trend of in-group criticism towards peace organisations in Israel, based on which suggestions for advances to the theory are made.
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Xia, Yun 1982. ""Traitors to the Chinese race (hanjian)": Political and cultural campaigns against collaborators during the Sino-Japanese War of 1937--1945". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11185.
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xv, 322 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.This dissertation examines formal and popular campaigns against collaborators during the second Sino-Japanese war of 1937-1945, considering the role of these campaigns in the political struggles of the Nationalist (Guomindang) government, the interplay between discourses of law and morality, and the interactions of legal professionals, intellectuals, and commoners in the development of Chinese nationalism and anti-imperialism. During the Sino-Japanese war, the Japanese army occupied vast areas in China and sponsored puppet regimes at central and local levels in areas under its occupation. These regimes variously attracted, persuaded, or forced a large number of Chinese officials, intellectuals, and local elites to work in their administrations. The Nationalist government under Chiang Kai-shek, which was the central Chinese government since 1928, retreated to the inland city of Chongqing to organize resistance against Japan. The Nationalist government labeled collaborators as hanjian , "traitors to the Han." The word became widely used in legal regulations, popular literature, and newspapers and became the most derogatory and politically disastrous title possible for a Chinese citizen. Individuals designated hanjian were exposed to public humiliation, confiscation of land and property, and the threat of assassination. Chiang Kai-shek's government also called for the common people to expose hanjian . Most such accusations were then transformed into legal procedures. These accusations resulted in varying and often unfair sentences. Designed by the Nationalist government to harness the force of popular nationalism and to restore justice, the anti- hanjian campaigns instead inadvertently exposed the corruption and incompetence of the Nationalist government and damaged the post-war construction effort.
Committee in charge: Bryna Goodman, Chairperson, History; Andrew Goble, Member, History; Ina Asim, Member, History; Tze-lan Sang, Outside Member, East Asian Languages & Literature
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Pieterse, Jimmy. "Traditionalists, traitors and sell-outs : the roles and motives of 'amaqaba' 'abangcatshi' and 'abathengisi' in the Pondoland Revolt of 1960 to 1961". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-0822200-122128.
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Crawley, Erin K. ""The lower class of traitors have also their architects of plots" : the London Irish, the United Irish, and the creation of Irish identities, 1780-1800 /". View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131566292.pdf.
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Taylor, Paul. "Heroes or traitors? : experiences of returning Irish soldiers from World War One to the part of Ireland that became the free state covering the period from the Armistice to 1939". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1a28ca53-e9c8-4176-b4a7-2d294988d789.
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A number of academic studies assert that ex-servicemen were subject to intimidation, some killed as a punishment for war service, and that they formed a marginalised group in Irish society. Evidence based on records of the victims and perpetrators demonstrates otherwise; intimidation was mostly for reasons other than war service, for instance, membership of a particular class such as landowners or the judiciary, or for specific actions, including informing, supplying to or joining the Crown Forces. The violence towards ex-servicemen was geographically focussed, varying in intensity in correlation to the level of violence experienced by other sectors of the population; support for republicanism varied significantly by location. The great majority of ex-servicemen were not intimidated; many served in the IRA. With the formation of the Free State there is little evidence that either the State or community marginalised ex-servicemen. They were treated equally before the legislature and the courts. Some half of the Free State army, formed to defeat extreme republicans, were ex-servicemen. Remembrance took place with considerable community support and acceptance from the State. According to credible contemporary reports they were not discriminated against and held high positions in the civil service, army and police. They were not a homogeneous group. Neither war service nor loyalism defined them; many were supporters of Fianna Fáil. Britain fulfilled its imperial obligation to the ex-servicemen with housing and pension benefits considerably more favourable than those for their counterparts in Britain. The view that ex-servicemen were persecuted became persuasive. They became perceived through the prism of commemoration, and with the establishment of a republican historiography assigned to a national amnesia. Loyalist lobbying groups highlighted perceived discrimination to a willing press. It was a convenient collusion but at odds with the evidence. In reality the group truly marginalised after the Civil War was the anti-Treaty republicans.
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Thorp, Jennifer. "Prowling the meanings : Anne Carson's 'Doubtful Forms' and 'The Traitor's Symphony'". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/prowling-the-meanings-anne-carsons-doubtful-forms-and-the-traitors-symphony(3e123674-37a8-4fce-bde6-ec9fe3b23201).html.
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This thesis uses four works by the contemporary Canadian poet Anne Carson (born 1950) to argue that it is in the embracing of failure and difficulty that modern poetics may negotiate formal erosion and the limits of language. The introduction addresses Carson’s divisive reputation, and uses two separate criticisms of her poetic skill to delineate her liminal position in the modern poetic landscape, and therefore demonstrate her potential as a valuable framework for discussing innovative form. Via an examination of the criticisms of Robert Potts and David Solway, I argue that Carson is neither high priestess of postmodernism nor a collagist of poorly produced forms. This illuminates two points: one, that she occupies a space outside several modern ideologies of poetic authenticity, expression and form, and two, that this position can be effectively used to interrogate those ideologies and investigate new possibilities for poetic creativity. In Chapter 1, Nox, Carson’s elegy for her brother Michael, is argued to experiment with traditional elegy form – but not in a mode that wholly follows Jahan Ramazani’s famous framing of 20th century elegy form as traumatically fractured. Nox is shown not to be merely subversive, but also interrogative of its own formal tradition, embracing the inherent contradiction within elegy: that absence could be rendered as presence, that a living, flawed language could make the dead speak. From this contradiction, I argue, Nox creates a solution: it occupies a position of formal non-forming, a return to the state of poesis, refusing to emerge as a completed poem or retreat into fragmentation but instead occupying a liminal space of continual creation. In the second chapter, this preoccupation with elegy’s paradox is shown to be part of a greater theme within Carson’s work. The failures of language in Carson are elucidated with reference to the sceptical 19th-century theorist Fritz Mauthner. Mauthner is argued to be the best theorist for the thesis’s framework because of his belief in the possibilities of language’s resurrection as a valid communicative medium. Through three texts, “By Chance The Cycladic People”, The Glass Essay and Just For The Thrill, Carson’s interrogation of this hope is shown to produce creativity from difficulty, creating monstrous form-combinations to render the silence beyond language’s limits as poetically productive. Carson’s texts, in their struggle with failure and their obsessive doubt, can be used to construct several means of negotiating the limits of form and the inherent fallibility of language. The conflict between the drive for authentic expression and the perceived failure of expressive mediums is one of the defining features of both Carson’s work and modern poetry in general. However, it is by inhabiting and challenging the fraught areas at the edge of meaning that poetry of the 21st century can, in the words of Carson’s influence Samuel Beckett, try again, fail again, fail better. Synopsis: The Traitor’s Symphony is an experimental novel in three voices, set in an unspecified totalitarian state known only as the Regime at some point in the twentieth century. It follows the career of David, a young composer who rises from tortured outcast to celebrated Regime talent through scheming, moral ambiguity, and a deal with the Professor, a translator and populist radio pundit. David trades the sexual attentions of Dion, a beautiful but brain-damaged boy, for the Professor’s help in rising through the ranks of the Regime’s musical system. The voices of the Professor and his doctor wife Anne, who have just lost their newborn son, alternate with David’s as the bargain binds them together in disaster. The narrative is inspired by the lives of collaborationist composers in various 20th century states, including Dmitri Shostakovich and Carl Orff, but is not focussed on any one figure. Instead, it takes various elements of their experience - the state apparatus of approval, the minute observation of ‘doctrine’ in musical content, and the humiliation and blacklisting of composers who did not produce acceptable content - as the starting point for a narrative exploring the complex relationship between art, artists and the modern totalitarian state. Research in this area was shaped by Alex Ross’s The Rest Is Noise: listening to the twentieth century (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007) and the work of Michael Kater, most notably Composers of the Nazi era: eight portraits (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), and supplemented by archival work in the Stasimuseum and Bundesbeauftragten in Berlin. More broadly, the novel focusses on the difficulties of grief, love and survival in totalitarian environments. Its setting, the Regime, was created by combining elements of daily life under the Stalinist Terror, The Democratic Republic Of North Korea, and Nazi and Stasi Germany, drawing on sources including Anna Akhmatova’s poetry and Chol-Hwan Kang’s The Aquariums Of Pyongyang (New York: Basic Books, 2001). The Regime’s embedded paranoia, hyper-vigilance, rigorous propaganda, regulated femininity, cult-like leader worship and brutal reprisal for non-conforming citizens are constructed from these historical precedents. Each of the three voices is stylised as a poetic form, as a method of expressing the repression of the individual and the culture of fear in the Regime’s system. This formal dimension draws on modernist literature in its use of language as expression of identity, but also on Wittgensteinian doubt that true communication could ever exist between such personal webs of meaning. Both David and Anne must actively suppress their private pain, he the agony of torture and burden of being labelled a traitor, she the disorienting grief of her son’s death and the loss of her husband’s love. Their inner emotional states are reflected in the forms of their vocals: David’s fractured voice, with its distressed percussive rhythm, is the voice of a musician physically and mentally smashed, while Anne’s blank, frantic segments express the dislocation of her foreignness and the gulf that grief has created in her marriage. The Professor, in contrast, begins the novel in supreme command of language, with brief breaks into sensual chaos as the only manifestation of his hidden mourning. The vocal shifts reflect and form the narrative progression.
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Lewis, David. "Breach of Allegiance: The History of Treason Charges in the U.S., and its Rebirth in the Age of Terrorism". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/955.
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The purpose of this thesis is to provide a legal history and analysis of how the treason clause has been utilized since the U.S. Constitution was ratified in 1789. Further, the United States and the United Kingdom share not only a historical parallel of the meaning and use of the charge of treason, but also an abandonment of using the charge today. This thesis will provide an in-depth legal history of treason charges in the United States, along with its close parallels in historical evolution and usage to that of the United Kingdom. Focusing prominently on treason throughout United States history, this project will analyze several of the famous treason trials in the nineteenth century, namely the federal prosecution of Aaron Burr in 1807, and the Commonwealth of Virginia's prosecution of John Brown for treason against a state government in 1859. This thesis will also examine the last person prosecuted for treason in the United States: Tomoya Kawakita in 1952. In addition, as a contribution to the "legal history" genre, this paper will summarize the last use of the treason offense in Great Britain in 1946, for which Nazi propaganda broadcaster William Joyce was tried and executed. The core of this thesis will be an analysis of treason law in the United States and also the United Kingdom, with a particular emphasis on why this charge was abandoned by both countries after the early 1950s, and why it should be re-instituted in the twenty-first century. The premise of this thesis will demonstrate a prominent factor in the 1950s leading to the discontinuation of the usage of the treason clause was the negative cultural impact of the era of McCarthyism, and the political misusage of the treason label for his political purposes.B.A. and B.S.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Flynn, Peter Kearney. "Traitor". Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 1986. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/741.
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Atay, Ender Ethem. "Les règles du droit turc relatives aux engagements internationaux". Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX32008.
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Le but de cette these est de demontrer comment dans le systeme juridique turc l'evolution des regles concernant les engagements internationaux se produit des le debut de l'empire ottoman jusqu'a nos jours. Dans l'introduction, la raison de l'existence du probleme des rapports entre le droit international et le droit interne ainsi que les problemes emanant particulierement du processus de la conclusion des traites sont expliques d'une facon generale. Dans le but d'elucider les conditions dans lesquelles les constitutions de 1961 et de 1982 ont vu le jour et de comprendre le point de vue des pouvoirs constituants ainsi que l'importance accordee aux regles relatives aux engagements internationaux, le chapitre preliminaire est consacre a l'elaboration des constitutions en question et le droit international. L'etude du pouvoir de conclure les traites internationaux en turquie, qui forme la 1ere partie de la these, est d'abord traitee a la lumiere de la methode historique ainsi que le cas actuel allant de pair avec les constitutions de 1961 et de 1982. Dans la 2eme partie, on met en lumiere les relations entre la norme constitutionnelle et l'application par le juge turc des dispositions des conventions internationales et des regles et des principes non ecrits du droit international sous le titre "les regles du droit turc concernant la mise en oeuvre des engagements internationauxThe object of this thesis is to show how the laws concerning international engagements have evolved in the turkish judicial system from the beginning of the ottoman empire to the present time. The introduction explains, in a general way, the relationship between international law and internal law as well as the problems arising, in particular, from the methods of the decisions on treaties. In order to elucidate the conditions whereby the constitutions of 1961 and 1982 were passed and to understand the point of view of the constituent powers of these two constitutions as well as the importance given to the laws relative to international engagements, the preliminary chapter is consecrated to the elaboration of the said constitutions and international law. The study of the autority to finalize agreements on international treaties in turkey, forming the first part of the thesis, is dealt with primarily in the light of the historical method and the present situation, on a par with 1961 and the 1982 constitutions. In the second half of the thesis, the relationship between international norms is brought to light together with the application, by turkish judges, of the provisions of international conventions, in addition to the unwritten regulations and principles of international
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Boucher, Vincent. "Accords internationaux en environnement - Effet de l'incertitude - Effet de l'altruisme". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25117/25117.pdf.
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Çelebiler, Cem. "Traitor tracing through function sharing". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38801.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1996.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 18-19).
by Cem Çelebiler.
M.Eng.
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Chen, Jason. "A survey on Traitor Tracing Schemes". Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/1108.
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When intellectual properties are distributed over a broadcast network, the content is usually encrypted in a way such that only authorized users who have a certain set of keys, can decrypt the content. Some authorized users may be willing to disclose their keys in constructing a pirate decoder which allows illegitimate users to access the content. It is desirable to determine the source of the keys in a pirate decoder, once one is captured. Traitor tracing schemes were introduced to help solve this problem. A traitor tracing scheme usually consists of: a scheme to generate and distribute each user's personal key, a cryptosystem used to protect session keys that are used to encrypt/decrypt the actual content, and a tracing algorithm to determine one source of the keys in a pirate decoder. In this thesis, we survey the traitor tracing schemes that have been suggested. We group the schemes into two groups: symmetric in which the session key is encrypted and decrypted using the same key and asymmetric schemes in which the session key is encrypted and decrypted using different keys. We also explore the possibility of a truly public scheme in which the data supplier knows the encryption keys only. A uniform analysisis presented on the efficiency of these schemes using a set of performance parameters.
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Becker, Michelle Ciancarelli. "Traits of Writing, Traits of Art". VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1264.
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A study was conducted of Introductory Art students to find if the six traits of writing as written by Spandel/Stiggins (1997) would have influence over a narrative painting when combined with the six traits of painting. Inconclusive findings were reported. Data difference between the treated and untreated class was less than one point. More research needs to be conducted to study transfer of knowledge from verbal to visual as well as from one curriculum to another with both curriculums teaching same material.
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Goesel-Le, Bihan Valérie. "La répartition des compétences en matière de conclusion des accords internationaux sous la Ve République /". Paris : A. Pedone, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35767133f.
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Mazi, Irénée-Gildas. "Les déclarations interprétatives des traités internationaux". Lyon 3, 2009. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2009_in_mazi_i-g.pdf.
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La pratique internationale montre que les États et les organisations internationales utilisent fréquemment les déclarations interprétatives des traités internationaux. Parfois, le recours à ces déclarations unilatérales est la résultante de l’interdiction des réserves dans les traités ; mais, très souvent, il s’effectue indépendamment de cette prohibition. Formellement, la formulation des déclarations interprétatives des traités est limitée à la précision ou à la clarification du sens ou de la portée d’un traité ou de certaines de ses dispositions considérées comme obscures. Mais, substantiellement, ces déclarations servent généralement à adapter une Convention internationale ou certaines de ses dispositions au droit interne de l’État déclarant ou de l’organisation déclarante. Ces déclarations d’interprétation reflètent ainsi la position ou la conception de leur auteur à l’égard d’un traité ou de certaines de ses dispositions. Le sujet impose donc une série de questions relatives à la formulation intrinsèque des déclarations interprétatives, aux relations de celles-ci avec les réserves aux traités, mais aussi des questions afférentes à leur validité et à leurs effets juridiquesInternational practice shows that States and international organizations frequently use interpretative declarations of international treaties. The recourse to these unilateral declarations is sometimes due to reservations’ prohibition in treaties; but most of the time, it is carried out independently of the prohibition of reservations. Formally, the formulation of interpretative declarations of treaties is restricted to precision or clarification of sense or range of a treaty or of some of its provisions. However, at the bottom, these declarations serve in general for adapting an international Convention or some of its provisions in internal right of the declaring State or the declaring organization. Therefore, these interpretative declarations reflect position or comprehension of their author regarding a treaty or some of its provisions. The subject imposes therefore a series of questions relating to the intrinsic formulation of interpretative declarations, to their relations with reservations to treaties, but also in accruing questions in their validity and their legal effects
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MIACHON, PHILIPPE. "Epidemiologie des brulures traitees en ambulatoire : etude retrospective sur 1086 dossiers de brules traites en ambulatoire a l'hopital edouard herriot de lyon en 1989 et en 1990". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M016.
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Braz, Albert Raimundo. "The false traitor, Louis Riel in Canadian literature". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0001/NQ41111.pdf.
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Mannai, Sadok. "Les accords d'association conclus ou susceptibles d'être conclus sur la base de l'article 238 CE : essai d'une typologie". Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN20005.
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Quoiqu’ils occupent une place de premier ordre dans la hiérarchie des accords internationaux de la ce, les accords d'association de l'article 238 ce sont loin d'être une référence en matière de clarté. L’article 238 se borne en effet à "caractériser" cette catégorie d'accords. Encore que les caractéristiques ainsi apportées sont-elles-mêmes vagues, susceptibles d'interprétation et ne parviennent pas à faire ériger ladite catégorie en une notion matérielle unique. Faisant ainsi l'objet d'une ambiguïté voulue, les accords d'association vont, de surcroit, se montrer dans la pratique des plus hétérogènes. À cela, il faut ajouter le fait que dans les relations extérieures de la CE, il existe un véritable dépassement des clivages juridiques t des catégories textuelles d'accords. Si bien que l'on assiste, depuis quelque temps déjà, à une confusion des modèles initialement prévus. Dès lors, vu cette ambivalence de la notion d'accords d'association, la question se pose de savoir s'il faut persister à rechercher une conception matérielle de ces accords, ou si, au contraire, il faut "se résigner" à une notion formelle de ceux-ci en se contentant de considérer "accords d'association" tous les accords qui sont formellement fondes sur l'article 238 CE. Quelle que soit la solution retenue, il est de la plus haute importance de classer les diverses applications faites en la matière. Une typologie des différents accords d'association devra, en tout état de cause, servir d'outil supplémentaire pouvant ainsi contribuer à mieux cerner une notion si hétérocliteAlthough the association agreements based on article 238 EC are placed at the highest level with regard to the hierarchy of international agreements concluded by the EC, they are by no means a clear reference. Article 238 is indeed restrict d to "characterizing" this category of agreements; all the more so as the characteristics themselves are ambiguous and do not constitute a category which can be seen a single material notion. As the association agreements were left deliberately ambiguous in practice, they will become increasingly more heterogeneous. Moreover, it must be added that as far as international relations in the EC are concerned, things have gone beyond legal cleavages and textual categories of agreements. This is why there has been, for some time now, confusion surrounding the initial models. Taking into account this ambivalence, should one continue to seek a material conception to these agreements or, on the contrary, should one "resign oneself" to a formal notion by considering as "association agreements" all the agreements which are formally based on article 238 EC. Whatever the solution, it is of the utmost importance to classify the various applications must be useful in order to pinpoint such a heterogeneous notion
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Chanaki, Athina. "L'adaptation des traités dans le temps". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010280.
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L'objet de la présente thèse est d'identifier et d'analyser les techniques disponibles en droit international pour adapter les traités dans le temps. En effet, l'amendement au sens strict, entendu comme une altération formelle apportée au texte conventionnel dans le but d'en modifier les dispositions à l'égard de toutes les parties, constitue la principale voie ordinaire d'adaptation des traités à l'évolution des circonstances. Mais il existe également d'autres techniques plus souples qui relèvent essentiellement de l'interprétation et de l'application du traité et qui se présentent comme une alternative à l'amendement formel permettant aux parties de lui apporter les adaptations nécessaires tout en laissant inchangé le texte conventionnel. Parmi celles-là figurent l'interprétation authentique par voie de conclusion d'un accord ultérieur intervenu entre les parties au sujet de l'interprétation du traité ou de l'application de ses dispositions, ainsi que la possibilité d'adapter un traité par l'effet des textes issus des mécanismes dits de suivi qui sont inscrits dans ce dernier en vue de suivre son application dans le temps et d'en assurer le développement normatif. Enfin, mention est faite de la faculté de modifier un traité par la pratique ultérieurement suivie par les parties dans l'application de celui-ci.
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Fattal, Noël. "Multilinguisme et traités internationaux". Paris 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA020219.
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Heenan, Tom 1954. "From traveller to "traitor" : the lives of Wilfred Burchett". Monash University, National Centre for Australian Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9096.
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Milewski, Jonatan. "Formalizing Rust traits". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/55609.
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Rust is a new systems programming language designed with a focus on bare metal performance, safe concurrency and memory safety. It features a robust abstraction mechanism in the form of traits, which provide static overloading and dynamic dispatch. In this thesis, we present MiniRust—a formal model of a subset of Rust. The model focuses on the trait system and includes some advanced features of traits such as associated types and trait objects. In particular, we discuss the notion of object safety—the suitability of a particular trait for creating trait objects—and we formally determine very general conditions under which it can be guaranteed. To represent the runtime semantics of MiniRust programs, we develop an explicitly-typed internal language RustIn, for which we prove type safety, and we show that well-typed MiniRust programs can be translated to well-typed RustIn programs. Finally, we adapt the informally-described Rust trait coherence rules to our model and we show that
they are sufficient to ensure that overloads are always well-determined, even in the presence of library extensions.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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Baltrusch, Ernst. "Symmachie und Spondai : Untersuchungen zum griechischen Völkerrecht der archaischen und klassischen Zeit, 8.-5. Jahrhundert v. Chr. /". Berlin ; New York : W. de Gruyter, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37701748q.
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Raynal, Patrick. "Schizotypie chez le jeune adulte : interactions avec les traits autistiques et nouveaux éléments dans la schizotypie positive". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20003/document.
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La schizotypie est un trait de personnalité caractérisé par un niveau subclinique de symptômes de la schizophrénie, avec des caractéristiques dites positives (croyances et perceptions inhabituelles) ou négatives (retrait et anxiété sociale). Cette thèse a pour but de mieux comprendre comment la schizotypie s'articule avec d'autres dimensions psychopathologiques.Dans une première partie nous avons étudié les liens entre schizotypie et traits autistiques dans 2 populations d'étudiants scientifiques au moyen d'analyses par classification. Une première analyse sur la base des traits schizotypiques et autistiques a identifié 4 groupes avec des profils distincts, dont un cluster à haut niveau de traits. Cette combinaison de traits est associée à des signes de dégradation psychopathologique (symptômes anxieux et dépressifs, attachement insécurisé) et à de moindres performances académiques. Une deuxième étude propose une typologie des étudiants en fonction des traits schizotypique, autistique et cyclothymique. Cette typologie fait apparaître un cluster à hauts traits, avec un niveau élevé de symptômes de dépression et d'idéation suicidaire et de moindres résultats universitaires. Ces 2 études suggèrent donc que la combinaison de traits schizotypes et autistiques a une influence négative sur la réussite dans le domaine scientifique, en lien avec une comorbidité dépressive.La deuxième partie établit une typologie du jeune adulte afin de réexaminer le concept de "schizotypie saine", défini comme trait de schizotypie positive sans autre dimensions de la schizotypie. Nos résultats confirment que la shizotypie positive est associée à des bénéfices (e.g., qualité perçue des relations interpersonnelles) mais aussi à des traits de troubles de la personnalité et à des symptômes psychopathologiques, ce qui interpelle le concept de schizotypie saine. Dans une dernière étude nous avons identifié des biais illustrant l’impression que la schizotypie positive est plus saine qu’en réalitéSchizotypy is a personality trait characterized by subclinical levels of schizophrenia symptoms, including positive (odd beliefs and unusual perceptions) or negative (withdrawal and social anxiety) features. This thesis aimed at a better understanding of how schizotypy articulates with other psychopathological dimensions.As a first part, we studied the links between schizotypy and autistic traits in 2 samples of scientific college students, using a cluster analysis. A first analysis based on schizotypal and autistic dimensions identified 4 groups with distinct profiles, including a cluster with high levels of traits. This combination of traits was associated with significant psychopathological degradation (anxiety and depressive symptoms, insecure attachment) and with lesser academic performances. A second study identified a typology of students based on schizotypal, autistic and cyclothymic traits. This typology showed a high traits cluster with elevated levels of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideations, and lesser academic results. These 2 studies thus suggest that association of schizotypal and autistic traits could impair success in scientific background, in relationship with a depressive comorbidity.The second part identified a typology of young adults aiming at reassessing the concept of "healthy schizotypy", defined as a trait of positive schizotypy without other schizotypal dimensions. Our results confirm that positive schizotypy is associated with benefits (e.g., perceived quality of interpersonal relations) but also with traits of personality disorders and psychopathological symptoms, which questions the concept of healthy schizotypy. In a last study we identified biases illustrating the impression that positive schizotypy may seem healthier than in reality
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Weckel, Philippe. "La concurrence des traités internationaux". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR30010.
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La concurrence désigne les rapports dynamiques et notamment d'exclusion qui s'établissent entre des accords différents à raison de leur objet ou de leur but. Cette compétition favorise l'agrégation des traités réunis par la communauté partielle de leurs fins, mais conduit aussi aux situations de contrariété ou d'incompatibilité entre de tels instruments. La concurrence illustre singulièrement l'incohérence apparente de l'ordre international. La tentation existe de recourir aux modes autoritaires de régulation de l'activité juridique, l'ordre public et la hiérarchie des actes, inadaptés à la structure du droit international. En réalité, l'issue politique du conflit est commandée par la responsabilité qui fait peser sur la partie en défaut l'obligation de s'accorder avec ses partenaires. Par ailleurs, la prévention joue un rôle important au moyen des clauses de compatibilité et des clauses de la nation la plus favorisée. Enfin, à la liberté contractuelle répond le cloisonnement des compétences. Les traités dépendent dans leur application effective des règles coutumières régissant les compétences internationales des états et des règles pertinentes des organisation internationales. Le sujet invite, dès lors, à faire le lien entre les sources et la théorie des compétences internationalesConcurrence means the dynamic relations which set up between different agreements -especially that of exclusion- according to their object or their purpose. This competition furthers the accumulation ot treaties linked by the partial similarity ot their aims, but also leads to positions of clasf or incompatibility between such instruments. Concurrence particularly points out the apparent inconsistency of international order. There is a temptation to appeal to the ruling modes which command law activity -that is public order and hierarchyof acts- and which do not fit the levelling structure of international law. Indeed, the political out come of the dispute is settled by the liability which compels the failing side to agree with its partners. Besides, preclusion plays an important part thanks to the clauses of compatibility and the clauses of the most favoured nation. Finally, contractual right meets the partition of competences. To be actually enforced, treaties depend upon customary law which rule the international competences of nations and upon the proper law of the international organizations. Consequently, the subject-matter leads to associate the sources and the theory of international competences
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Van, den Kerchove Anna. "Pratiques rituelles et traités hermétiques". Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE5001.
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Rougier, Pierre. "Etude comparative de 394 insuffisants coronariens traités chirurgicalement et de 397 insuffisants coronariens traités médicalement". Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23099.
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Desaix, Jean-Frédéric. "Radiographie de l'homme politique européen : Christian Pineau, 1904-1995". Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081591.
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Ce travail est la manifestation d'une volonte de comprendre comment les processus sociaux englobant, et que nous ne saisissons communement que dans leur definition la plus large, ont ete portes par des trajectoires individuelles. L'homme politique est aujourd'hui, presque par definition voue a etre radiographie dans toutes ses dimensions : sociale, privee, partisane, historique. . . L'itineraire dechristian pineau offre un champ d'exploration de l'oeuvre politique. Il permet de s'attarder sur deux dynamiques particulieres de notre epoque : la question de l'homme politique et son destin europeen. Sa trajectoire permet de donner une dimension sensible a l'analyse que les sciences politiques donnent de l'histoire. Christian pineau appartient a une nouvelle generation de syndicalistes. Ces syndicalistes n'ont pas connu les grandes heures du mouvement ouvrier d'avant-guerre. Ils se presentent comme des specialistes de l'economie, des finances, ou des techniciens de l'industrie. L'engagement syndical permettait une analyse politique critique ainsi qu'une structure d'organisation dont pineau saura profiter le premier dans l'histoire de la resistance. Le mecanisme de la construction de l'homme politique etait desormais engage, puis definitivement scelle lorsqu'il integre la sfio. L'europe donne une raison profonde a son parcours personnel et politique. L'analyse du parcours de christian pineau donne le sentiment que l'esperance de l'unite a ete galvaudee par la necessite de l'union. Il existe ainsi une contradiction fondatrice de la communaute europeenne. La demarche de pineau regroupe en meme temps, une volonte de rassembler la plus grande partie de l'opinion publique autour d'un projet precis et structure par des traites, et une volonte de mobiliser cette meme opinion sur un projet suffisamment flou, mettant en avant l'imaginaire et le souhait d'un nouveau monde, pour que les desirs des uns et des autres puissent s'y integrer.
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Gœsel-Le, Bihan Valérie. "La répartition des compétences en matière de conclusion des accords internationaux sous la Vème République". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992STR30001.
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Cette étude tente de systématiser la répartition des compétences en matière de conclusion des accords internationaux sous la Veme République. Lorsque le domaine de compétence du parlement est en cause, la répartition des compétences internationales est la projection de la répartition des compétences internes: les catégories de traités énumérées par l'article 53 protégent dans l'ordre international les diverses compétences - budgétaire, normative et en matière de souveraineté - qui sont reconnues au parlement dans l'ordre interne. Dès lors qu'il s'agit en revanche de l'expression du consentement à être lié, la répartition des compétences en matière de conclusion des accords internationaux est le reflet de l'assouplissement des formes exigé par le développement de la pratique internationale et intéresse, outre le ministre des affaires étrangères, les diverses administrations et les autorités décentraliséesThis study tries to systematize the distribution of treaty-making power under the French Fifth Republic. The first part deals with the scope of legislative approval (article 53 of the constitution of 4 october 1958). When the focus is on the bill which authorizes the state to be bound by an international agreement, the distribution of international competences is the projection of the distribution of internal competences: the categories of treaties enumerated by the article 53 correspond, in the international field, to the scope of the different competences which are in the internal matter for the parliament, namely budgetary and legislative powers as well as the one relating to sovereignty. The second part deals with the executive authorities which are competent to bind the state (article 52). There, the distribution of power reflects the modern tendency of the international pratice towards informality and expedition: the repartition of international competences leads to become parallel with the repartition of internal competences and concerns, besides the foreign minister, the other statedepartments and the decentralized authorities
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Boré-Eveno, Valérie. "L' interprétation des traités par les juridictions internationales : étude comparative". Paris 1, 2004. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01797581.
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Les tribunaux internationaux sont naturellement conduits à interpréter les textes conventionnels. Or, du fait de la récente multiplication des juridictions internationales, la question de la garantie d'une suffisante unité de jurisprudence en la matière se pose avec une particulière acuité. La thèse se propose donc de comparer la pratique interprétative des plus représentatives de ces juridictions. Tout d'abord, l'analyse de la "technique interprétative " adoptée par ces différents organes met en valeur l'apport essentiel de la codification opérée par la Convention de Vienne de 1969 sur le droit des traités, mais en montre également les limites. Un examen de leur" politique interprétative" s'est par la suite imposé afin de mieux comprendre ce qui guide ces juridictions dans leur choix interprétatif, choix qui témoigne du caractère éminemment volontaire de l'opération. Finalement, la pluralité des interprétations juridictionnelles pourrait bien menacer le caractère homogène de l'interprétation du droit international. Afin d'éviter une telle dérive, différents moyens sont cependant envisageables, parmi lesquels la promotion d'un véritable dialogue des juges paraît essentielle.
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Pattinson, Shaun D. "Influencing traits before birth". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366321.
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Young, Alexander Thomas Ian Strudwick. "Interactions in complex traits". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4329ac12-00a5-466a-950f-dcb17aaf2e10.
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The availability of cheap genotyping technologies has enabled to collection of very large samples with both genetic and phenotypic information, enabling the interrogation of the genetic architecture of complex traits in humans and other organisms. The role of interactions between genetic variants and between genetic variants and environmental factors in complex traits is not well characterised, especially in humans. This is in part due to a lack of theory and methods designed for powerful investigation of interactions in complex traits in large-scale datasets. This thesis develops both theory and methods relating to interactions between genetic variants and between genetic and environmental factors, complemented by empirical analyses aimed at discovering the influence of interactions on complex traits. The effect of genetic variation on trait variation can be decomposed into components reflecting interactions involving different numbers of genetic variants. The first part of this thesis generalises classical theory on the decomposition of the genetic variance into components arising from different types of interaction to finite populations, where the influence of interactions is more easily detected. The theory is applied to determine the proportion of growth variance from pairwise and third and higher order interactions in a yeast cross. The subsequent parts of the thesis are more directly concerned with interactions between genetic variants and environmental factors. It is first demonstrated that multiple lifestyle factors modify the effect of variants in the FTO gene on body mass index (BMI). This motivates the development of the heteroskedastic linear mixed model (HLMM), which exploits changes in variability with genotype to aid discovery of genetic variants involved in interactions. An efficient algorithm for application of the HLMM to large scale datasets is developed and applied to discover genetic variants likely to be involved in interactions on BMI.
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Guinnee, Meghan A. "Plasticity in reproductive traits". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16998.
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In this thesis, I explore how an individual’s environment, or the environment of its mother, affects its reproductive life-history characteristics (age at maturity, size at maturity, offspring size, offspring number). I attempt to explain observed responses using adaptive reasoning and/or mathematical modelling. I find that mean egg size decreases with increasing clutch size in Daphnia, and explore possible causes of this using a mathematical model. This pattern could be an adaptive response, if larger offspring have greater fitness advantages in food-limited environments. However, such a pattern can also result from a minimum viable egg size that is similar to the optimal egg size. I also empirically test the fitness effects of hatching from a small or large egg in Daphnia. I find that offspring from food-limited mothers are larger, but that they mature later, produce less offspring per clutch, do not produce larger offspring and produce fewer offspring per unit time. I find that the nematode parasites Strongyloides ratti and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis mature at different rates depending on the efficacy of the host immune response, but that differences are species-dependent. In addition, female N. brasiliensis suffer decreased fecundity at higher densities, but only in hosts with fully-functioning immune systems; in hosts with no thymus-based immune system, there is no density-dependent fecundity effect. This suggests that the density-dependent effects often observed in parasitic nematodes are mediated by the host immune system. This thesis reminds us that small differences in an individual’s surroundings, or even its mother’s surroundings, can profoundly affect when, how, and how successfully an animal reproduces. Often, these effects can be explained using adaptive reasoning, and/or mathematical modelling. When and how an animal reproduces is certain to have consequences for its fitness. Implications and future research directions are also discussed.
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Pfeil, Nicklaus Charles. "Poor Traits: Pottery City". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1493148806091519.
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Lau, Katherine S. L. "Exploring Narcissism, Psychopathy, and Machiavellianism in Youth: An Examination of Associations with Antisocial Behavior and Aggression". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1253.
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This study sought to explore the differential associations of CU traits, narcissistic traits, and Machiavellian traits with overt aggression, relational aggression, delinquency, behavioral dysregulation, and emotional dysregulation in a community sample of boys and girls (ages 11-17). Results indicated that the three personality traits were significantly correlated with each other, yet distinct. CU traits, narcissistic traits, and Machiavellian traits demonstrated different unique associations with behavior problems. Specifically, narcissistic traits showed the strongest unique associations with overt aggression, relational aggression, behavioral dysregulation, and emotional dysregulation. CU traits showed the second strongest unique associations with overt aggression, delinquency and behavioral dysregulation, but were not associated with relational aggression or emotional dysregulation. Lastly, Machiavellian traits showed a strong unique association with emotional dysregulation, but were not uniquely associated with externalizing behavior problems. These findings have implications for intervention with aggressive and antisocial youth.
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Boniface, Pascal. "Les sources du désarmement /". Paris : Economica, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36633799d.
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Boniface, Pascal. "Les sources du droit international de la maitrise des armements /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36649614k.
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Brière, Carine. "Les conflits de conventions internationales en droit privé /". Paris : LGDJ, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37639528x.
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Malan, Alexandre Audit Bernard. "La concurrence des conventions d'unification dans des règles de conflits de lois /". Aix-en-Provence : Presses universitaires d'Aix-Marseille, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39125353t.
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Stücheli, Rolf. "Der Friede von Baden (Schweiz), 1714 : ein europäischer Diplomatenkongress und Friedensschluss des "Ancien Régime /". Freiburg (Schweiz) : Universitäts Verl, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39162926p.
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Geslin, Albane. "La mise en application provisoire des traités /". Paris : Pedone, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/490031528.pdf.
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Meuse, Pierre de. "La Divisibilité des dispositions des traités internationaux". Lille : A.N.R.T, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36105617z.
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Tarabay, Talal. "L'Objet et le but des traités internationaux". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594398d.
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Labarre, Jean. "Traités moraux du manuscrit 366 de Lille". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37606702f.
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Geslin, Albane. "La mise en application provisoire des traités". Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10409.
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L'analyse de la pratique conventionnelle témoigne de l'existence et de l'importance de la procédure de mise en application provisoire. Un tel constat conduit à s'interroger sur la mécanique dans laquelle s'insère cette procédure et à constater que ce dispositif participe de l'intertemporalité du droit. Son usage exige en effet des Etats qu'ils aménagent ce passage si particulier au regard des institutions dites "classiques", du droit ancien au droit nouveau, ce dernier devenant effectif alors que l'instrument qui le contient ne dispose encore d'aucune existence juridique. Une telle étude permet en outre de mettre en évidence plusieurs phénomènes notables : l'existence de deux régimes juridiques nettement différents - celui applicable lors de la mise en application provisoire et celui se rapportant au traité en vigueur - et la distinction que l'on doit faire entre le traité-acte et le traité-norme. Cela mène, en conséquence, à rechercher le fondement juridique de la mise en application provisoire et, après s'être interrogé sur la validité de certaines affirmations avancées en doctrine, à le découvrir dans un accord parallèle - accord d'application provisoire - à ce que l'on qualifie de traité principal. Toutefois, l'analyse serait incomplète si l'interrogation n'était menée sur la nature juridique de cet accord. La question est en effet d'importance, particulièrement en droit international, où la présentation formelle d'un acte juridique ne peut à elle seule autoriser l'observateur à conclure définitivement quant à la nature juridique dudit acte. Un engagement présentant les caractéristiques externes d'un traité peut en effet se révéler, après analyse, être un accord informel. . .
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Kjellvertz, Katarina. "Personality traits and cognitive abilities A correlational study on facet level of traits". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-166106.
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The relation between Personality and Intelligence has interested researchers for decades. This study considers the relationship between the two constructs on a facet level. A nonclinical sample (N = 130) completed Swedish University Scale of Personality (SSP) (Gustavsson, 2000b) and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, forth edition (WAIS-IV) (Wechsler, 2010). The result indicated only a modest significant negative correlation between the personality dimension Neuroticism and Verbal comprehensive index. The modest result might be explained by the informal test-taking situation, since test anxiety has been suggested to be a mediator for neuroticism and cognitive abilities. Further, on a facet level, a significant negative correlation was found between the trait somatic anxiety and to verbally express and understand vocabulary. Additionally, findings implied that the variable year of education was the most powerful predictor for verbal comprehension, which suggests the importance of a simultaneous examination of mediators.
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Scherff, Aline D. "Adolescent autistic traits and internalising traits : quantitative genetic investigations of co-occurrence patterns". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2014. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/78/.
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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterised by social-communication difficulties and non-social symptoms such as restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests. ASD characteristics can be investigated at the subclinical trait level within the general population, and these quantitative autistic traits have been shown to have a smooth distribution. Adolescence is an important developmental stage, particularly for the emergence of internalising problems. However, few studies to date have investigated the causes of co-occurring autistic traits and internalising traits during adolescence. The aim of this thesis is to explore the aetiological causes of this trait association between the ages of 12 to 16 years using a quantitative genetic approach. This thesis employs a classic twin design and the sample came from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS). The causes of the association between autistic and internalising traits in early adolescence are the first focus of this thesis. The analyses in Chapter 4 explore this aetiological association at ages 12-14 years, revealing a moderate phenotypic trait association and at the aetiological level moderate genetic overlap, substantial shared environmental and modest nonshared environmental overlap. Teasing apart these associations further, Chapter 5 identifies specific autistic-like behaviours by means of factor analysis. Relating these factor-derived autistic trait subdomains to the internalising trait measure demonstrated distinguishable patterns of phenotypic and aetiological associations. A factor named autistic-like ‘Social Unease’ showed the most phenotypic and genetic overlap with internalising traits. Secondly, this thesis investigates in Chapter 6 the role of childhood nonshared environment on internalising and autistic traits in early adolescence using the monozygotic twin differences design. Analyses showed that birth weight, childhood hyperactivity and peer problems played a role, via the nonshared environment, in influencing individual differences in internalising and autistic traits in early adolescence. Finally, Chapter 7 presents findings on later adolescence, at age 16 years, exploring the association of autistic traits with anxiety traits and depression traits separately and drawing on both parent and self ratings. The implications of these findings, their limitations and their contribution to the current literature are considered in the Discussion (Chapter 8).
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Barker, Brian J. "Traitor or pioneer| John Brown Russwurm and the African colonization movement". Thesis, University of Massachusetts Boston, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1590662.
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The end of the Revolutionary War proved to be a significant moment in United States history. Not only did it signal the birth of a new nation, but it also affected the institution of slavery. Wartime rhetoric such as "All men are created equal," left the future of American slavery in doubt. Northern and mid-Atlantic states began to implement emancipation plans, and the question of what to do with free blacks became a pressing one. It soon became apparent that free blacks would not be given the same rights as white Americans, and the desire to have blacks removed from society began to increase. One proposed solution to this problem was the idea of sending free and manumitted slaves to Africa. A man by the name of John Brown Russwurm (1799–1851) would play a prominent role in the colonization movement, and his life and legacy reflect the controversy surrounding the idea of colonization.
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Chaneliere, Thierry. "Traiter l'information avec des processeurs atomiques". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912547.
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