Artículos de revistas: "The Reservoir Optional Circuit"

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El-Essawi, A., I. Breitenbach, K. Ali, P. Jungebluth, R. Brouwer, M. Anssar y W. Harringer. "Minimized perfusion circuits: an alternative in the surgical treatment of Jehovah’s Witnesses". Perfusion 28, n.º 1 (20 de agosto de 2012): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659112457971.

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Objectives: Jehovah’s Witnesses present a challenge to cardiac surgeons, as quality of care is not only defined by mortality and morbidity, but also by the avoidance of blood transfusions. Over the last years, minimized perfusion circuits (MPC) have contributed substantially to the achievement of this goal in our clinic. Presented is a retrospective analysis of our experience. Methods: Twenty-nine Jehovah’s Witnesses, aged 69 ± 10 years, have undergone cardiac surgery with a MPC in our institution since 2005. The ROCsafe (Reservoir Optional Circuit) MPC was used in most of these patients (n=27) as it offers the unique possibility of a speedy integration of a reservoir in the event of a major air leak, thereby, negligating any safety concerns. Results: There was no in-hospital or 30-day postoperative mortality. Mean ICU stay was 1.6 ± 2 days with a mean intubation time of 11.3 ± 9.1 hrs. Postoperative complications included one myocardial infarction with accompanying low cardiac output, one stroke, one transient delirium, one idiopathic thrombocytopenia and three re-operations (one sternal infection, one postoperative bleeding and one delayed tamponade). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 9.9 ± 2.3 days. Mean decrease in hemoglobin was 2.1 ± 1.3 g/dl during cardiopulmonary bypass and 3.4 ±1.4 g/dl at discharge. The lowest postoperative hemoglobin level was 9.3 ±1.8 (Range 6-12.9). Conclusions: These encouraging results emphasize the role MPCs can play in optimizing the quality of patient care. We hope that this report can serve as a stimulus for similar experiences.

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Peter, Benjamin St, Rainer A. Dressler, Yu-hui Chiu y Timothy Fedkiw. "Electrospray Propulsion Engineering Toolkit (ESPET)". Aerospace 7, n.º 7 (4 de julio de 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7070091.

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We report on the development of a software tool, the Electrospray Propulsion Engineering Toolkit (ESPET), that is currently being shared as a web application with the purpose to accelerate the development of electrospray thruster arrays for space propulsion. ESPET can be regarded as a database of microfluidic properties and electrohydrodynamic scaling models that are combined into a performance estimation tool. The multiscale model integrates experimental high-level physics characterization of microfluidic components in a full-scale electrospray propulsion (ESP) microfluidic network performance solution. ESPET takes an engineering model approach that breaks the ESP system down into multiple microfluidic components or domains that can be described by either analytical microfluidic or reduced order numerical solutions. ESPET can be divided into three parts: a central database of critical microfluidic properties, a microfluidic domain modeler, and a microfluidic network solver. Two options exist for the network solution, a detailed multi-domain solver and a QuickSolver designed for rapid design and testing of simple three-domain reservoir-feed-emitter arrays. The multi-domain network solver exploits the Hagen–Poiseuille/Ohm’s law analogy by using the publicly available SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) electric circuit simulation software to solve the flow properties of the microfluidic network. Both the multi-domain and QuickSolver solutions offer Monte Carlo analysis of arrays based on user supplied tolerances on design parameters. Benchmarking demonstration examples are provided for experimental work in the literature, as well as recent experimental work conducted at Busek Co. The demonstration examples include ionic liquid propelled systems using active and passive capillary emitters, externally wetted emitter needles, and porous glass emitters, as well as a liquid metal system based on an externally wetted emitter needle.

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Okumura, Takahiro, Keisuke Matsuda, Yu Fukuoka, Junya Dai y Naoko Shiraishi. "Development of a valve type semi-closed extracorporeal circulation system". Journal of Artificial Organs 24, n.º 3 (3 de febrero de 2021): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10047-021-01249-5.

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AbstractIn Japan, perfusionists who work on other clinical tasks are involved in cardiopulmonary bypass. Moreover, the number of cases they can perform is limited. In view of this situation, valve type semi-closed extracorporeal circulation (VACC) was developed as a system that enables extracorporeal circulation (ECC) regardless of perfusionists’ experience. The VACC circuit is based on a conventional open-type ECC circuit. A safety valve is installed at the outlet of the reservoir. It is closed by lowering the reservoir pressure below the venous circuit pressure (Pv), thereby providing a closed-type ECC in which the reservoir is separated from the venous circuit (V-circuit). A closed-type ECC needs means to cope with negative pressure generated in the V-circuit and to remove air mixed in the V-circuit. Water experiments to verify the safety of the VACC were conducted. In experiments simulating low venous return, when the Pv dropped, the safety valve opened so that the V-circuit was connected to the reservoir, and the excessive negative pressure was relieved. In the VACC circuit, a bubble trap is installed in the V-circuit, and the air is degassed to the reservoir by a roller pump (D-pump). A water experiment was conducted to verify the principle of the constant degassing method using the D-pump. It verified that the blood storage volume could be maintained constant even if the D-pump is continuously driven. The VACC system provides handling of air mixed in the V-circuit and safety in the case of low venous return.

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Takano, Kosuke, Chihiro Sugano, Masanobu Inubushi, Kazuyuki Yoshimura, Satoshi Sunada, Kazutaka Kanno y Atsushi Uchida. "Compact reservoir computing with a photonic integrated circuit". Optics Express 26, n.º 22 (26 de octubre de 2018): 29424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.26.029424.

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Xiao, Ran y Chunhong Chen. "Gate-Level Circuit Reliability Analysis: A Survey". VLSI Design 2014 (10 de julio de 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/529392.

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Circuit reliability has become a growing concern in today’s nanoelectronics, which motivates strong research interest over the years in reliability analysis and reliability-oriented circuit design. While quite a few approaches for circuit reliability analysis have been reported, there is a lack of comparative studies on their pros and cons in terms of both accuracy and efficiency. This paper provides an overview of some typical methods for reliability analysis with focus on gate-level circuits, large or small, with or without reconvergent fanouts. It is intended to help the readers gain an insight into the reliability issues, and their complexity as well as optional solutions. Understanding the reliability analysis is also a first step towards advanced circuit designs for improved reliability in the future research.

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Keshavarzi, Davood, Ebrahim Farjah y Teymoor Ghanbari. "Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker and Fault Current Limiter With Optional Interruption Capability". IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 33, n.º 3 (marzo de 2018): 2330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2017.2690960.

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Alkhorshid, Daniel Rostami, Seyyedeh Fatemeh Molaeezadeh y Mikaeil Rostami Alkhorshid. "Analysis: Electroencephalography Acquisition System: Analog Design". Biomedical Instrumentation & Technology 54, n.º 5 (1 de septiembre de 2020): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2345/0899-8205-54.5.346.

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Abstract Electroencephalography (EEG) is a sensitive and weak biosignal that varies from person to person. It is easily affected by noise and artifacts. Hence, maintaining the signal integrity to design an EEG acquisition system is crucial. This article proposes an analog design for acquiring EEG signals. The proposed design consists of eight blocks: (1) a radio-frequency interference filter and electro-static discharge protection, (2) a preamplifier and second-order high-pass filter with feedback topology and an unblocking mechanism, (3) a driven right leg circuit, (4) two-stage main and variable amplifiers, (5) an eight-order anti-aliasing filter, (6) a six-order 50-Hz notch filter (optional), (7) an opto-isolator circuit, and (8) an isolated power supply. The maximum gain of the design is approximately 94 dB, and its bandwidth ranges from approximately 0.18 to 120 Hz. The depth of the 50-Hz notch filter is −35 dB. Using this filter is optional because it causes EEG integrity problems in frequencies ranging from 40 to 60 Hz.

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Bou Sanayeh, Marwan, Wissam Hamad y Werner Hofmann. "Equivalent Circuit Model of High-Performance VCSELs". Photonics 7, n.º 1 (18 de enero de 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7010013.

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In this work, a general equivalent circuit model based on the carrier reservoir splitting approach in high-performance multi-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is presented. This model accurately describes the intrinsic dynamic behavior of these VCSELs for the case where the lasing modes do not share a common carrier reservoir. Moreover, this circuit model is derived from advanced multi-mode rate equations that take into account the effect of spatial hole-burning, gain compression, and inhomogeneity in the carrier distribution between the lasing mode ensembles. The validity of the model is confirmed through simulation of the intrinsic modulation response of these lasers.

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Fukuda, Keisuke, Yoshihiko Horio, Takemori Orima, Koji Kiyoyama y Mitsumasa Koyanagi. "Cyclic reservoir neural network circuit for 3D IC implementation". Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications, IEICE 12, n.º 3 (2021): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/nolta.12.309.

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Paul, Dev, Vahik Haddadian, Ben Chavdarian y Kevin Peterson. "Low-Voltage Shore Connection Power Systems: Optional Designs and a Safety Loop Circuit". IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 24, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2018): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mias.2017.2740448.

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Yaidee, Akawit, Chantana Punlek y Somchai Maneewan. "Experiment study investigation compare temperature series circuit and the parallel circuit of thermoelectric and variable water, electrical of thermoelectric for heat exchanger". International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2019): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp785-791.

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This paper presents the comparison temperature of thermoelectric (Tec1-12708) between the series circuit and parallel circuit by adjusting of water flow rate pump and electrical supplying to thermoelectric, The electrical voltage at 8,10 and 12 V, water flow rate in reservoir was 0.015 kg/s and 0.025 kg/s. Experiments perform were 6 hours. The result from the researches, thermoelectric with parallel circuit high temperature more than thermoelectric with series circuit. The parallel circuit of thermoelectric can work better than the series circuit in hot side. The different temperature hot side of parallel circuit with the electrical voltage at 8, 10 and 12 V water flow rate in reservoir was 0.015 kg/s temperature average is 22.44 oC, 22.90 oC, 29.86 oC, and water flow rate in reservoir was 0.025 kg/s temperature average is 20.67 oC, 26.66 oC, 27.69 oC. Thermoelectric with parallel circuit makes the higher temperature more than thermoelectric with series circuit about 33%, 37%, 44% water flow rate in reservoir was 0.015 kg/s and 30%, 40%, 41% water flow rate in reservoir was 0.025 kg/s.

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Liu, Guanhua, Wanchang Lai, Yunrui Jiang y Jie Shi. "Design of Experimental Circuit Board of Spectrometer Amplifier in Nuclear Electronics". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2440, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2023): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2440/1/012008.

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Abstract The signal output by a nuclear radiation detector is small in amplitude and irregular in waveform, which needs to be amplified and shaped to measure accurately. Spectrometer amplifiers assume the role of signal amplification and shaping in nuclear radiation measurement instruments, strictly maintaining useful information from the detector output (such as energy information and time information of the rays) and minimizing their distortion during signal processing. According to the needs of undergraduate experimental teaching and nuclear instrument development and application of nuclear electronics courses in nuclear science and technology, this paper designs a flexibly switchable pole zero phase extinction circuit, linear pulse amplification circuit, integral filter forming circuit, and baseline restoration circuit in the experimental circuit board of spectrometer amplifier. The total magnification is about 0 ~ 2040 times adjustable, and the forming time is 0~20μs adjustable. It has the functions of limiting voltage amplitude and optional input and output polarity, which can be adapted to scintillator detectors, proportional counters, Si-PIN, SDD, HpGe and other semiconductor detectors.

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Inoue, Maakito, Keisuke Fukuda y Yoshihiko Horio. "Switched-Capacitor Circuit Implementation of the Chaotic Neural Network Reservoir". Journal of Signal Processing 24, n.º 4 (15 de julio de 2020): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2299/jsp.24.133.

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Miller, D. M. "An Enclosed Efferent Afferent Reservoir System: The Maxima". Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 23, n.º 3 (junio de 1995): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9502300303.

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A single, lightweight, valveless, non-absorber breathing system, which functions with near maximal efficiency (hence the name Maxima) in spontaneous and controlled ventilation is described. It may be classified as an enclosed efferent afferent reservoir (EEAR) breathing system and is characterised by the selective elimination of alveolar gas in all modes of ventilation. A functional description explains how this is achieved in the system in spontaneous and controlled ventilation. The potential for error which arises in combination systems for different switch positions with different modes of ventilation is avoided, as it is a single universal system. With no moving parts, mechanical reliability is guaranteed. The apparatus deadspace is negligible making the system usable even in neonates. Finally, the characteristics of the theoretical ideal non-absorber circuit are discussed as this illustrates the objective of the circuit design and important physical principles surrounding its function.

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Munson, Teresa, Jun Zhao, Esther Elise Knapp, Charmaine Du Toit, Ashok Raj y Kerry McGowan. "Single Needle Option: An Alternative to Dual-Needle Access in Erythrocytapheresis in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease". Blood 138, Supplement 1 (5 de noviembre de 2021): 4284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-154080.

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Abstract Background: Erythrocytapheresis or red cell exchange (RCE) is an invaluable treatment option for patients with complications related sickle cell disease, including acute stroke, stroke prevention, acute chest syndrome, and recurrent pain crisis. The procedure entails the removal of each patient's red blood cells containing the abnormal sickle hemoglobin and replacing them with normal red blood cells carrying non-sickled hemoglobin. Adequate vascular access is essential for erythrocytapheresis to allow for high flow rates and various forms of access are used including peripheral veins and central venous access devices. Our center typically uses a single vortex port (Angiodynamics, Walnut Creek, CA) with placement of a peripheral IV at time of procedure in order to maintain a circuit for exchange. Using peripheral access reliably becomes particularly difficult in young patients and those that require multiple access over time due to scaring. To ensure a successful procedure in patients with poor peripheral access, a single-needle (SN) option for TPE (SN-TPE) that is available on Spectra Optia (Terumo BCT, Lakewood, CO) was used. The single-needle procedure utilizes intermittent, rather than continuous, flow, and thus requires extra procedure run time. One discontinuous cycle consists of "exchanging red cells," which is the drawing of blood and removal of the red cells, and "adjusting the volume in the reservoir," which is the returning of blood. These cycles continue until the procedure is complete. This procedure allows us to continue RCE in a select number of patients with poor vascular access. Methods: We evaluated our institutional experience on patients treated using single-needle RCE. In addition, information regarding each RCE session was collected including duration of procedure and inlet flow rate. Results: An average of 45 RCE procedures are performed each month. Patients are scheduled every 3 to 8 weeks, with an average of every 4-5 week frequency. We started the Single Needle option in July of 2019 on 3 patients: one adult aged patient and 2 pediatric patients. By the end of 2019 we had perform a total of 27 SN procedures. In 2020, we performed a total of 112 SN procedures, average of 9 procedures each month. As of the first 6 months of 2021, we have completed 35 SN procedures, averages 6 a month. In patients undergoing single needle exchange we were able to increase inlet flow rates from an average of 30-50ml/min to 60-80ml/min. This decreased the duration of run times from 120-198 min to 77- 119 min. Pre and post hemoglobin S% was comparable between dual and single exchange patients and there was no change in the interval between RCE sessions. Conclusion: With our increasing experience with single-needle RCE, our findings suggest that RCE can be successfully completed using the single-needle option with no impact on pre- and post-exchange hemoglobin S% levels. There was a reduction in the total length of procedure due to ability to maintain higher inlet rates and decreased time to obtain access for RCE. The single needle option also improved patient satisfaction due to more reliable access and negating need for peripheral IV access. Disclosures Munson: Terumo Medical Corporation: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Raj: Forma therapeutics: Consultancy; Terumo Medical Corporation: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Global biotherapeutics: Speakers Bureau.

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Aizenberg, Igor, Riccardo Belardi, Marco Bindi, Francesco Grasso, Stefano Manetti, Antonio Luchetta y Maria Cristina Piccirilli. "A Neural Network Classifier with Multi-Valued Neurons for Analog Circuit Fault Diagnosis". Electronics 10, n.º 3 (2 de febrero de 2021): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030349.

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In this paper, we present a new method designed to recognize single parametric faults in analog circuits. The technique follows a rigorous approach constituted by three sequential steps: calculating the testability and extracting the ambiguity groups of the circuit under test (CUT); localizing the failure and putting it in the correct fault class (FC) via multi-frequency measurements or simulations; and (optional) estimating the value of the faulty component. The fabrication tolerances of the healthy components are taken into account in every step of the procedure. The work combines machine learning techniques, used for classification and approximation, with testability analysis procedures for analog circuits.

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Huybregts, M. AJM, R. de Vroege, H. MT Christiaans, A. L. Smith y R. CE Paulus. "The use of a mini bypass system (Cobe Synergy) without venous and cardiotomy reservoir in a mitral valve repair: a case report". Perfusion 20, n.º 2 (marzo de 2005): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0267659105pf794cr.

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The use of mini cardiopulmonary bypass circuits is an emerging technology. The venous and cardiotomy reservoir have been excluded from the circuit. This results in a reduction of the blood contact surface area and of the priming volume. Entrainment of venous air, however, remains a drawback in the widespread acceptance of using these mini circuits. The technique described resolves this problem by automatic removal of venous air, and explains how this mini cardiopulmonary bypass circuit was utilized on a 64-year-old female presented for a mitral valve repair. In the absence of a cardiotomy reservoir, an autotrans-fusion cell separator was used to process shed blood and, after CPB, the residual pump blood. This mini bypass circuit, with the safety feature to remove automatically venous air, provided an additional degree of protection. In our experience, mini bypass circuits allow us safely to perform cardiopulmonary bypass during valve procedures.

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PAŘÍLKOVÁ, JANA, ZBYNĚK ZACHOVAL y JAN JANDORA. "THE EIS OPTIONS AT MONITORING THE SPREAD OF POLLUTION IN THE STREAM". Journal of marine Technology and Environment 2021, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2021): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53464/jmte.02.2021.07.

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Water pollution is one of the most significant problems in the world today and is a global problem. Surface water pollution in streams and reservoirs is reflected in the deterioration of the quality of aquatic ecosystems, including those that occur in their vicinity or follow them. Lack of quality drinking water is one of the main causes of various diseases, which can lead to death, especially in developing countries. Therefore, it is important to detect water pollution in time and anticipate how it could develop and be transported in the stream. Measurements on a physical model are time-consuming and economically demanding, but for a given locality it can provide comprehensive information, including the proposal of possible measures and their verification. It is also a suitable approach for calibration and verification of mathematical models. One of the main tasks in the physical modelling of the spread of pollution in the stream was to find a suitable substance that would simulate the pollution without being aggressive towards the water pumping circuit. The method of electrical impedance spectrometry was chosen for its detection in the stream.

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Xie, Gang, Hai Jun Yan, Deng Feng Ju, Zhi Ma, Ai Jun Wei, Wei Qi Jiang, Li Li Zhang y Meng Xiang Gao. "Study of Non-Equilibrium Arms Bridge Circuit for Water Plugging of Horizontal Wells in Sandstone Reservoir". Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (abril de 2014): 765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.765.

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In view of rapid water cut increasing and poor oil recovery with banded distribution with high permeability belt in sandstone reservoir of Huabei Oilfield,the electrical bridge technique for water shut-off is proposed. Based on years practice of vertical wells and similarity in Ohms and Darcys laws,the electrical model involved variable resistors series/parallel instead of reservoir distribution,the arm-bridge circuit combined with signal detection. Then response of the circuit by variable water shut-off could be simulated. The results indicated that,the driving pressure and seepage quantity at mid-low permeability channel could be greatly improved by the strong in-depth water-plugging at high permeability channel (L=20~40m),and the low permeability flowrate increased to a maximum of 55.3%. Then the gel dam in-depth fluid diversion technique was verified by water plugging and circuit simulation. The conclusions provided a valuable guidance for horizontal wells development enhanced.

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Wardhana, Ardyan y Johanes Nugroho. "Three-Way Stopcock as Breathing Circuit in Anesthetic Procedures on Wistar Rats as Animal Models in Research". Indonesian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimation 4, n.º 1 (26 de enero de 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijar.v4i12022.55-61.

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Introduction: General anesthesia in experimental animals is not limited in the field of anesthesia research. In Indonesia, ventilators and breathing circuit systems utilized in research involving anesthesia in rats are not widely available. The limitations in using ventilators and breathing circuit systems in research are one of the reasons why Indonesia is lacking complex and advanced animal experimental studies. Objective: This study aimed to examine a general anesthesia procedure for intubation in rats using tools and materials commonly discovered in clinical settings. Method: A search on the PubMed database using keywords consisting of animal study, rats, anesthesia, breathing circuit was performed. Review and Discussion: An endotracheal tube insertion procedure may utilize a Miller size 0 laryngoscope, while the endotracheal tube may use a 16 G intravenous cannula in which the needle is replaced by a small wire. The 3-way stopcock system may be considered as a replacement for the Mapleson E system for the breathing circuit system. The Fresh Gas Flow (FGF) source needs to be connected to the angled port, while the other two ports are connected to the reservoir and the intravenous cannula which would be delivered to the experimental animals. FGF three to five times as much as the minute ventilation may be used and the use of a reservoir capacity is similar to the tidal volume of spontaneous ventilation. Therefore, the oxygen flow rate is set to approximately 1-1.5 L per minute. A reservoir is not required for controlled ventilation. Conclusion: The use of a 3-way stopcock as a non-rebreathing circuit system is effective because it utilizes the similar principle as Mapleson E. The ability to use common tools and materials for general anesthesia procedures would significantly boost research of animal models in Indonesia to a further level.

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Onichimowski, Dariusz, Hubert Ziółkowski, Krzysztof Nosek, Jerzy Jaroszewski, Elżbieta Rypulak y Mirosław Czuczwar. "Comparison of adsorption of selected antibiotics on the filters in continuous renal replacement therapy circuits: in vitro studies". Journal of Artificial Organs 23, n.º 2 (20 de octubre de 2019): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10047-019-01139-x.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the adsorption of selected antibiotics: vancomycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacine and tigecycline in an experimental continuous veno-venous hemofiltration circuit with the use of both polyethyleneimine-treated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and the polysulfone (PS) filter membranes. The crystalloid fluid dosed with one of antibiotic was pumped from a reservoir through a hemofiltration circuit (with PAN or PS membrane) and back to reservoir. All ultrafiltrate was also returned to the reservoir. During the procedures samples were collected from the post-hemofilter port at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min. To determine spontaneous degradation of the antimicrobials, an additional bag with each study drug was prepared, which was not attached to the hemofiltration circuit. The samples from these bags were used as controls. In the case of vancomycin, gentamycin and tigecycline there was a statistically significant decrease in the drug concentration in the hemofiltration circuit in comparison to the control for PAN membrane (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). In the case of ciprofloxacine adsorption was reversible and the drug concentrations increase to achieve the initial level for both membranes. Our studies indicated that a large portion of the administered dose of antibiotics may be adsorbed on a PAN membrane. In the case of gentamicin and tigecycline this amount is sufficiently big (over 90% of the administered dose) to be of clinical importance. In turn, adsorption on PS membranes is clearly lower (up to 10%) and may be clinically unimportant.

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Heith, Catherine S., Lizbeth A. Hansen, Rhonda M. Bakken, Sharon L. Ritter, Breeanna R. Long, Janet R. Hume, Lei Zhang, Danielle B. Amundsen, Marie E. Steiner y Gwenyth A. Fischer. "Effects of an Ex Vivo Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuit on the Sequestration of Mycophenolate Mofetil, Tacrolimus, Hydromorphone, and Fentanyl". Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 24, n.º 4 (1 de julio de 2019): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-24.4.290.

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OBJECTIVES With the expanding use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), understanding drug pharmacokinetics has become increasingly important, particularly in pediatric patients. This ex vivo study examines the effect of a pediatric Quadrox-iD ECMO circuit on the sequestration and binding of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), tacrolimus, and hydromorphone hydrochloride, which have not been extensively studied to date in pediatric ECMO circuits. Fentanyl, which has been well studied, was used as a comparator. METHODS ECMO circuits were set up using Quadrox-iD pediatric oxygenators and centrifugal pumps. The circuit was primed with whole blood and a reservoir was attached to represent a 5-kg patient. Fourteen French venous and 12 French arterial ECMO cannulas were inserted into the sealed reservoir. Temperature, pH, PO2, and PCO2 were monitored and corrected. MMF, tacrolimus, hydromorphone, and fentanyl were injected into the ECMO circuit. Serial blood samples were taken from a postoxygenator site at intervals over 12 hours, and levels were measured. RESULTS Hydromorphone hydrochloride was not as significantly sequestered by the ex vivo pediatric ECMO circuit when compared with fentanyl. Both mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus serum concentrations were stable in the circuit over 12 hours. CONCLUSIONS Hydromorphone may represent a useful medication for pain control for pediatric patients on ECMO due to its minimal sequestration. Mycophenolic acid and tacrolimus also did not show significant sequestration in the circuit, which was unexpected given their lipophilicity and protein-binding characteristics, but may provide insight into unexplored pharmacokinetics of particular medications in ECMO circuits.

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Shcherba, A. A., N. I. Suprunovska y M. A. Shcherba. "FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF MULTI-CHANNEL PULSE CURRENTS AND FAST-MIGRATING ELECTRIC SPARKS IN THE LAYER OF CURRENT-CONDUCTING GRANULES OF ELECTRIC-DISCHARGE INSTALLATIONS". Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2022, n.º 2 (19 de marzo de 2022): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2022.02.003.

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The paper reveals the electro-physical features of the formation of multi-channel pulse currents and fast-migrating electric sparks in the layer of current-conductive granules of electric-discharge installations (EDIs) with reservoir capacitors. Such features make it possible to increase many times the productivity of the electric-spark dispersion of metal granules during single discharge current of reservoir capacitors, which flows between the electrodes of EDIs. Theoretical substantiation and experimental confirmation of multi-channel spark discharges in the layer of conductive granules are presented. The influence of the capacitance and charge voltage of reservoir capacitors on the nature of transient processes in the discharge circuit of the EDIs is investigated. The dependence of the effective value of the active load resistance of the EDIs on the value of the pre-charge voltage of its reservoir capacitors and the value of its capacitances has been experimentally determined. It is proved that an increase in the averaged Q-factor of the discharge circuit with an increase in the charge voltage of the capacitor bank of EDI is caused by a decrease in the effective value of the active resistance of the layer of metal granules when spark-generating discharge currents flow through it. References 16, Figures 7.

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Sugano, Chihiro, Kazutaka Kanno y Atsushi Uchida. "Reservoir Computing Using Multiple Lasers With Feedback on a Photonic Integrated Circuit". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 26, n.º 1 (enero de 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2019.2929179.

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Braschi, A., G. Iotti, A. Locatelli y G. Bellinzona. "Functional evaluation of a CPAP circuit with a high compliance reservoir bag". Intensive Care Medicine 11, n.º 2 (marzo de 1985): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00254780.

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Liang, Jie, Rong Jiang Tang, Yin Han Gao, Tong Hang Zhao, Wen Jun Jiang y Bing Wu Lu. "Identification Method of Vehicle Interior Airborne Noise Based on Pseudo-Random". Advanced Materials Research 338 (septiembre de 2011): 460–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.338.460.

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According to the source-path-receiver model of vehicle interior airborne noise, the correlative identification method of transfer function was proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the method has excellent noise immunity performance. A m sequence generator whose shift clock frequency is adjustable and register series is optional was designed by complex programmable logic device CPLD and external circuit. The m sequence pseudo-random signal which was amplified by audio power amplifier drives the loudspeaker as sound source signal. The field tests indicate that compare with broadband white noise sweep method, the identification method based on m sequence technique has advantages in noise suppression.

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Kumagai, Masaaki y Takashi Emura. "Development of a Universal Interface Board and its Application to Robot Controllers and Signal Processors". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 16, n.º 2 (20 de abril de 2004): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2004.p0200.

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Multipurpose digital interface boards for the PCI bus were designed for robot controllers. They used a programmable logic device reconfigured for internal circuits. The user plugs the board in, then downloads circuit data to obtain various interfaces. Optional modules such as analog front ends and support software also were developed. The board enables rapid prototyping and flexible use of high-speed digital circuits. Three applications of the board — robot interfaces of DC servomotors for a walking robot, high-speed digital signal processing for a motion capture system, and pipelined image processing units — showed the effectiveness of the board.

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Li, Wen, Peng Pan, Li Sha Tan y Xue Ke Luo. "Remote On-Line Automatic Monitoring System of Reservoir's Water Regimen Based on WSN and GPRS Network". Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (abril de 2014): 1223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.1223.

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This remote on-line automatic monitoring system is designed based on WSN and GPRS Network, aiming at solving the present problems of low performance in field monitoring of reservoir water, forecasting sudden water pollution accidents, reporting important hydraulic process such as reservoir operation. The system is simulated laboratory water quality analysis process, and achieved long-time unattended reservoir water regimen remote on-line monitoring and optimized reservoir water resource management. By adopting embedded operating system μC/OSII, the system has the function of parallel processing of multi-tasks, including an electrochemical sensor control circuit of lifetime-prolong. The bus mode is introduced to management software design of receiving and analyzing unit. Buses that associated with each component of management software are well connected. All of the above make the overall structure reasonable and orderly.

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Mao, Cui Li, Er Hua Wang y Hong Qi Lin. "Design and Implementation of Ultrasonic Ranging System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 239-240 (diciembre de 2012): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.239-240.37.

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A real-time and high precision ultrasonic ranging method is proposed here. Ultrasonic ranging system based on MCU was established, which is composed of MCU, ultrasonic sending and receiving circuit, temperature compensate circuit, alarm, key and display circuit. Counting pulse method was used to measure the ultrasonic transmission time, and then the distance is calculated. In order to improve the ranging accuracy, temperature compensation was used in this system. Preliminary experiment showed that the system meet the requirements. This system has advantages such as low price, small volume, reliable operation, high accuracy, and can be employed in car backing, obstacle avoiding of robots, industrial logging, reservoir level measuring etc.

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30

Qi, Long Fei, Zhi Hua Ning y Le Nian He. "A Design of Powered Device Interface Chip under PoE System". Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (diciembre de 2014): 1277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1277.

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This paper proposes a design of powered device interface chip compatible with communication protocol IEEE 802.at standard, for Ethernet control of power supply. This design has all the features IEEE 802.at standard requires, including the detection, classification, under-voltage lockout and inrush current control, support of not less than 25.5W of power. The circuit of the chip is designed with Hangzhou Silan BCD process technique. Specific features of the design are 140mA inrush-current-limiting, complementary-output-enable-signal, under-voltage, overvoltage, over temperature protection, an optional external power adapter input, IEEE 802.3at type2 display signals by new electrical equipment, as well as two-event classification logic implementation.

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31

Budnik, Krzysztof, Wojciech Machczyński y Jan Szymenderski. "Voltage induced by currents in power-line sagged conductors in nearby circuits of arbitrary configuration". Archives of Electrical Engineering 64, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2015): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2015-0019.

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Abstract The study presents a calculation method of the voltage induced by power-line sagged conductor in an inductively coupled overhead circuit of arbitrary configuration isolated from ground. The method bases on the solution utilizing the magnetic vector potential for modeling 3D magnetic fields produced by sagging conductors of catenary electric power lines. It is assumed that the equation of the catenary exactly describes the line sag and the influence of currents induced in the earth on the distribution of power line magnetic field is neglected. The method derived is illustrated by exemplary calculations and the results obtained are partially compared with results computed by optional approach

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32

Frink, Edward J., Wallace M. Nogami, Scott E. Morgan y Roger C. Salmon. "High Carboxyhemoglobin Concentrations Occur in Swine during Desflurane Anesthesia in the Presence of Partially Dried Carbon Dioxide Absorbents". Anesthesiology 87, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 1997): 308–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199708000-00018.

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Background Increased carboxyhemoglobin concentrations in patients receiving inhalation anesthetics (desflurane, enflurane, and isoflurane) have been reported. Recent in vitro studies suggest that dry carbon dioxide absorbents may allow the production of carbon monoxide. Methods The authors used high fresh oxygen flow (5 or 10 l/min) through a conventional circle breathing system of an anesthesia machine for 24 or 48 h to produce absorbent drying. Initial studies used 10 l/min oxygen flow with the reservoir bag removed or with the reservoir bag left in place during absorbent drying (this increases resistance to gas flow through the canister). A third investigation evaluated a lower flow rate (5 l/min) for absorbent drying. Water content of the absorbent and temperature were measured. Pigs received a 1.0 (human) minimum alveolar concentration desflurane anesthetic (7.5%) for 240 min using a 1 l/min oxygen flow rate with dried absorbent. Carbon monoxide concentrations in the circuit and carboxyhemoglobin concentrations in the pigs were measured. Results Pigs anesthetized with desflurane using Baralyme exposed to 48 h of 10 l/min oxygen flow (reservoir bag removed) had extremely high carboxyhemoglobin concentrations (more than 80%). Circuit carbon monoxide concentrations during desflurane anesthesia using absorbents exposed to 10 l/min oxygen flow (reservoir bag removed, 24 h) reached peak values of 8,800 to 13,600 ppm, depending on the absorbent used. Carboxyhemoglobin concentrations reached peak values of 73% (Baralyme) and 53% (soda lime). The water content of Baralyme decreased from 12.1 +/- 0.3% (mean +/- SEM) to as low as 1.9 +/- 0.4% at the bottom of the lower canister (oxygen flow direction during drying was from bottom to top). Absorbent temperatures in the bottom canister increased to temperatures as high as 50 degrees C. With the reservoir bag in place during drying (10 l/min oxygen flow), water removal from Baralyme was insufficient to produce carbon monoxide (lowest water content = 5.5%). Use of 5 l/min oxygen flow (reservoir bag removed) for 24 h did not reduce water content sufficiently to produce carbon dioxide with desflurane. Conclusions An oxygen flow rate of 10 l/min for 24 h in a conventional anesthesia circuit can dry carbon dioxide absorbents sufficiently to produce extremely high levels of carbon monoxide with high carboxyhemoglobin concentrations in desflurane-anesthetized pigs. When the reservoir bag is in place on the anesthesia machine or when a lower oxygen flow rate (5 l/min) is used, carbon dioxide absorbent drying still occurs, but 24-48-h exposure time is insufficient to allow for carbon monoxide production with desflurane.

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Hachami, K., D. Moussaid, M. Rahmoun y E. Bendada. "Utilization of the Thermoelectric Sensor to Realize a New Fluid Level Detector". Active and Passive Electronic Components 24, n.º 3 (2001): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/61546.

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This paper describes a prototype thermoelectric sensor system which makes use of the thermoelectrical effects. The sensor includes two printed circuits, the first is constituted of a resistive constantan track, the second is a planar thermoelectric circuit constituted of many plated differential thermocouples. The first circuit is placed at the top of the second circuit so that the resistive tack is placed on the top of the even thermocouple junctions. The measuring method consists to passing an electrical current through the constantan track in order to generate temperature gradients between the junction points of the second circuit. Then the resulting temperature differences between the junction points is directly converted into a proportional Seebeck voltage. As an application, the sensor is placed into a reservoir and adapted in order to realize a fluid level detector.

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34

Ueno, Masaki y Takahide Oya. "Design of a single-electron neural network circuit controlling weights for reservoir computing". Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 60, SC (3 de marzo de 2021): SCCE02. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/abe7fe.

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35

Fang, Kejie, Jie Luo, Anja Metelmann, Matthew H. Matheny, Florian Marquardt, Aashish A. Clerk y Oskar Painter. "Generalized non-reciprocity in an optomechanical circuit via synthetic magnetism and reservoir engineering". Nature Physics 13, n.º 5 (16 de enero de 2017): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys4009.

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36

van Kempen, R. A. Brest, J. M. Gasiorek, K. Bloemendaal, R. PH Storm van Leeuwen y E. R. Bulder. "Low-prime perfusion circuit and autologous priming in CABG surgery on a Jehova’s Witness: a case report". Perfusion 17, n.º 1 (enero de 2002): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0267659102pf522cr.

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Cardiac surgery on Jehovah’s Witnesses is a great challenge for the cardiothoracic surgery team and especially for the perfusionist. To reduce the risk of surgery in these patients, a very small extracorporeal circuit was designed to decrease the amount of priming volume and thereby the degree of hemodilution. A small bypass system was built, consisting of a 3/8-in. arterial line and a 3/8-in. venous line, a venous collapsible reservoir, a centrifugal pump, a hollow fiber oxygenator and a cell saver reservoir. The circuit priming volume was 650 ml. By using antegrade and retrograde autologous priming, the total amount of priming was reduced to ± 50 ml. Bypass time was 63 min with an average blood flow of 5300± 114 ml/min and postmembrane pressures of 180± 45 mmHg. Venous line pressure was monitored and kept between -8 and -20 mmHg with a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 55± 12.3 mmHg. The hematocrit before extracorporeal circulation (ECC) was 36%, per-ECC 35% and post-ECC 35%. On the fifth postoperative day, the hematocrit was 40%. The patient was discharged 7 days after surgery. A low-prime circuit, in combination with autologous priming, seems to be safe and effective in avoiding the use of banked blood.

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37

Boriskov, Petr, Andrei Velichko, Nikolay Shilovsky y Maksim Belyaev. "Bifurcation and Entropy Analysis of a Chaotic Spike Oscillator Circuit Based on the S-Switch". Entropy 24, n.º 11 (19 de noviembre de 2022): 1693. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24111693.

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This paper presents a model and experimental study of a chaotic spike oscillator based on a leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron, which has a switching element with an S-type current-voltage characteristic (S-switch). The oscillator generates spikes of the S-switch in the form of chaotic pulse position modulation driven by the feedback with rate coding instability of LIF neuron. The oscillator model with piecewise function of the S-switch has resistive feedback using a second order filter. The oscillator circuit is built on four operational amplifiers and two field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) that form an S-switch based on a Schmitt trigger, an active RC filter and a matching amplifier. We investigate the bifurcation diagrams of the model and the circuit and calculate the entropy of oscillations. For the analog circuit, the “regular oscillation-chaos” transition is analysed in a series of tests initiated by a step voltage in the matching amplifier. Entropy values are used to estimate the average time for the transition of oscillations to chaos and the degree of signal correlation of the transition mode of different tests. Study results can be applied in various reservoir computing applications, for example, in choosing and configuring the LogNNet network reservoir circuits.

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38

Yazmyradova, Gulbahar, Maman Hermana y Hassan Soleimani. "Estimation of porosity from well logs and seismic using artificial neural network". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1003, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1003/1/012017.

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Abstract The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is widely used to map and estimate reservoir properties. Since ANN has the ability of non-linear computing and self-error correction, it serves as an alternative method to enhance reservoir characterization by improving reservoir properties' prediction. This study employed an integrated approach where seismic, and well log data are used alongside ANN to evaluate petrophysical properties in Field X, South Caspian Basin. The study field is situated in the South Caspian Basin, which developed during Tertiary-Quaternary. The South Caspian Basin covers the southern part of the Caspian Basin, coastal regions of eastern Azerbaijan, northern Iran, and western Turkmenistan. The field is geologically situated on an elongated and multi-crest, anticlinal feature, better known as Apsheron Sill. Available data set consists of log data from four wells: X1, X2, X3, X4, and 3D pre-stack seismic data. Firstly, the reservoir properties were calculated from the well log data. The simultaneous inversion was carried out to obtain elastic rock properties like the P-impedance, S-impedance, density. After that, elastic properties were used to obtain 3D dimensional SQp and SQs attributes. Furthermore, the Radial basis function Neural Network (RBFN) model was created with optional inputs: volume of P-impedance, S-impedance, density, SQp, SQs and property logs and outputs: porosity. Moreover, this research work demonstrates an application of SQp and SQs attributes for properties prediction using neural network. The neural network's primary purpose is to determine a relationship between obtained volumes and reservoir parameters, porosity at well locations. The RBFN model is successfully trained and validated on the field data. The results demonstrated an excellent correlation between actual property logs. They predicted properties, which gives confidence for spatial prediction in areas where well logs are not available.

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Shade, Brandon C., Richard W. Melchior, Douglas R. Fisher, Robin High, Christopher E. Mascio, Tami M. Rosenthal y David W. Holt. "Comparison of three infant venous reservoirs with vacuum-assisted venous drainage during varying levels of cardiotomy suction". Perfusion 35, n.º 1 (31 de mayo de 2019): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659119850344.

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Background: Vacuum-assisted venous drainage has gained widespread use within the pediatric perfusion community for use during cardiopulmonary bypass. It is questioned whether its efficiency may be compromised with application of excessive cardiotomy suction to the infant hard-shell venous reservoir. An in vitro simulation circuit was used to research this phenomenon. A comparison of three different infant hard-shell venous reservoirs also took place to determine if one reservoir type was more advantageous when handling cardiotomy suction. The reservoirs tested were the Maquet VHK 11000, Medtronic Affinity Pixie, and Terumo Capiox FX05. Methods: The in vitro simulation circuit consisted of a 1 L reservoir bag that was cannulated at one access point with an Edwards Lifesciences 10Fr aortic cannula and the other access area with an Edwards Lifesciences 10Fr right angle venous cannula and 12Fr right angle venous cannula that were joined together. Key points of measurement and response variables were the pressures on the connection of the venous cannulas, inlet of the venous reservoir, and flow through the venous line. Vacuum was applied and manipulated with a Maquet VAVD Controller to settings of −20 mmHg, −30 mmHg, –40 mmHg, −50 mmHg, and −60 mmHg. Cardiotomy suction was added at settings of 1 LPM, 2 LPM, 3 LPM, and 4 LPM. Values from each response variable were monitored and recorded. These data were utilized to compare the reservoirs with a random coefficient model for each response variable. Conclusions: There is an adverse effect of excessive cardiotomy suction on the efficacy of vacuum-assisted venous drainage in infant hard-shell venous reservoirs. There is no significant difference between the VHK 11000, Pixie, and FX05 regarding their ability to handle this occurrence. An important discovery was that the FX05 showed a greater transfer of vacuum to the venous cannulas and reservoir inlet.

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Shen, Dawei, Dongxing Pei y Tiehua Ma. "Design and Simulation of Multichannel Dynamic Measurement Control System". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4928069.

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The circuit system designed in this paper uses FPGA and single-chip microcomputer as the main chips. It uses VHDL language programming and performs functional simulation and verification of the core control program through ModelSim software, and finally, a storage-type dynamic measurement and control system with one-to-multiple channels, adjustable trigger modes, and optional sampling frequency is realized. At the same time, the system is further optimized in terms of power consumption and volume. The storage measurement and control system can successfully record eight-channel dynamic voltage signals, and the relative error of the experimental results is less than 2% through the simulation trigger experiment and Hopkinson bar experiment loading.

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Drabant, Š., M. Bolla, A. Žikla, I. Petranský y J. Ďuďák. "Testing device with opened hydrostatic circuit for dynamic loading of the tractor engine by power take off shaft". Research in Agricultural Engineering 51, No. 3 (7 de febrero de 2012): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4909-rae.

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The developed loading device with opened hydrostatic circuit for measurement of speed and dynamic characteristics of the tractor engine by power take off is presented. This loading device may also be used as a portable type for field measurement. At present for development of these loading devices controlled hydrogenerators and electro-hydraulic proportional pressure valves directed by computer may by used to adjust geometrical volume of the hydrogenerator from zero to maximum value. There is a possibility to built these devices which consist of one hydrogenerator and one by-pass valve for the maximum power of internal combustion engine 420 kW which is sufficient from the point of view of practical need. Thus optional loading regime may be used according to the tractor engine horsepower to achieve the required accuracy of measurement.

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42

Cao, Youfang, Xue Lei, Ruy M. Ribeiro, Alan S. Perelson y Jie Liang. "Probabilistic control of HIV latency and transactivation by the Tat gene circuit". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, n.º 49 (19 de noviembre de 2018): 12453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1811195115.

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The reservoir of HIV latently infected cells is the major obstacle for eradication of HIV infection. The “shock-and-kill” strategy proposed earlier aims to reduce the reservoir by activating cells out of latency. While the intracellular HIV Tat gene circuit is known to play important roles in controlling latency and its transactivation in HIV-infected cells, the detailed control mechanisms are not well understood. Here we study the mechanism of probabilistic control of the latent and the transactivated cell phenotypes of HIV-infected cells. We reconstructed the probability landscape, which is the probability distribution of the Tat gene circuit states, by directly computing the exact solution of the underlying chemical master equation. Results show that the Tat circuit exhibits a clear bimodal probability landscape (i.e., there are two distinct probability peaks, one associated with the latent cell phenotype and the other with the transactivated cell phenotype). We explore potential modifications to reactions in the Tat gene circuit for more effective transactivation of latent cells (i.e., the shock-and-kill strategy). Our results suggest that enhancing Tat acetylation can dramatically increase Tat and viral production, while increasing the Tat–transactivation response binding affinity can transactivate latent cells more rapidly than other manipulations. Our results further explored the “block and lock” strategy toward a functional cure for HIV. Overall, our study demonstrates a general approach toward discovery of effective therapeutic strategies and druggable targets by examining control mechanisms of cell phenotype switching via exactly computed probability landscapes of reaction networks.

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Faustova, Anastasiya S., Dmitry A. Novikov, Svetlana A. Pavlova, Anatoliy V. Chernykh, Fedor F. Dultsev y Svetlana V. Ryzhkova. "CHANGE IN THE HYDROGEOCHEMICAL FIELD OF THE U1 HORIZON OF THE VERKH-TARSKOYE OIL FIELD IN THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT". Interexpo GEO-Siberia 2, n.º 1 (21 de mayo de 2021): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2021-2-1-271-281.

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The results of a comprehensive analysis of geological and field information are presented in order to assess changes in the hydrogeochemical field of the oil reservoir of the U horizon of the Verkh-Tarskoye oil field during its development in the period from 1994 to 2021. The main production facility is at the IV stage of declining production. The water cut of the production wells stock reaches 98% with cumulative production of 14.86 million tons (as of May 1, 2021). Since 2015, there has been an increase in the TDS of produced water, which is explained by the processes of their mixing with circuit waters along the periphery of the reservoir with a decrease in reservoir pressure and more saline waters of the U horizon, supplied during joint operation.

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44

Wabeke, Erik, Piet H. Mook, Jan M. Elstrodt y Charles RH Wildevuur. "An Automatically Regulated Low Prime Heart-Lung Machine for Infants: A Rabbit Model". Perfusion 2, n.º 2 (abril de 1987): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765918700200205.

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A new compact heart-lung machine for paediatric use was designed. The total volume of this system of only 90ml allows for priming without the use of donor blood. The priming volume could be kept small mainly by replacing gravity drainage with drainage by a negative pressure in the venous reservoir. To avoid volume shifts between the extracorporeal circuit and the infant's circulation and to safely operate this minimal volume circuit, the heart-lung machine was automatically controlled. In this study we show that the miniaturized system functioned reliably under various conditions during cardiopulmonary bypass in rabbits.

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45

Jones, Tyson y Simon C. Benjamin. "Robust quantum compilation and circuit optimisation via energy minimisation". Quantum 6 (24 de enero de 2022): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-01-24-628.

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We explore a method for automatically recompiling a quantum circuit A into a target circuit B, with the goal that both circuits have the same action on a specific input i.e. B∣in⟩=A∣in⟩. This is of particular relevance to hybrid, NISQ-era algorithms for dynamical simulation or eigensolving. The user initially specifies B as a blank template: a layout of parameterised unitary gates configured to the identity. The compilation then proceeds using quantum hardware to perform an isomorphic energy-minimisation task, and an optional gate elimination phase to compress the circuit. If B is insufficient for perfect recompilation then the method will result in an approximate solution. We optimise using imaginary time evolution, and a recent extension of quantum natural gradient for noisy settings. We successfully recompile a 7-qubit circuit involving 186 gates of multiple types into an alternative form with a different topology, far fewer two-qubit gates, and a smaller family of gate types. Moreover we verify that the process is robust, finding that per-gate noise of up to 1% can still yield near-perfect recompilation. We test the scaling of our algorithm on up to 20 qubits, recompiling into circuits with up to 400 parameterized gates, and incorporate a custom adaptive timestep technique. We note that a classical simulation of the process can be useful to optimise circuits for today's prototypes, and more generally the method may enable `blind' compilation i.e. harnessing a device whose response to control parameters is deterministic but unknown.The code and resources used to generate our results are openly available online \cite{githubLink} \cite{mmaGithubLink}. A simple Mathematica demonstration of our algorithm can be found at questlink.qtechtheory.org.

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46

Orima, Takemori y Yoshihiko Horio. "Preliminary experimental results of a stacked 3D cyclic chaotic neural network reservoir integrated circuit". Nonlinear Theory and Its Applications, IEICE 13, n.º 2 (2022): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/nolta.13.306.

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47

Neragi-Miandoab, Siyamek, J. Luis Guerrero y Gus J. Vlahakes. "Autologous Blood Sequestration Using a Double Venous Reservoir Bypass Circuit and Polymerized Hemoglobin Prime". ASAIO Journal 48, n.º 4 (julio de 2002): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002480-200207000-00015.

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48

Tagaya, Masashi, Morihiro Matsuda, Masahiro Ryugo, Taiichi Takasaki, Shigeaki Kurita, Hiroki Handa y Kazunobu Hara. "Is using an open-reservoir cardiopulmonary bypass circuit after 6 days on standby safe?" Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 22, n.º 2 (15 de noviembre de 2015): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivv302.

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49

Nyman, J., C. Rundby, P. Svenarud y J. van der Linden. "Does CO 2 flushing of the empty CPB circuit decrease the number of gaseous emboli in the prime?" Perfusion 24, n.º 4 (julio de 2009): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659109350241.

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Twenty (20) CPB-circuits were randomized to a CO2 group or a control group. In the CO 2 group, each circuit was flushed with CO2 (10L/min) at the top of the venous reservoir for 5 minutes, after which priming fluid was added without interruption of the CO2 inflow. Control group circuits were not flushed and contained air. A perfusionist, blinded to the study, started the pump (5L/min), ventilated the oxygenator (3L O2/min), and knocked on the oxygenator 20 times during the first and 14th minutes. Arterial line microemboli counts were registered with a Doppler for 15 minutes. In both groups, the median number of microemboli was highest during the first minute, 380.5 (288.75/422.25, 25th/75th percentile) counts in the control group versus 264.5 (171.75/422.25) counts in the CO 2 group (p=0.01). Throughout the experiment, the median microembolic count minute by minute in the CO2 group remained lower (p≤ 0 .004) than in the control group. Knocking on the reservoir (14th minute) increased the microemboli counts in both groups (p<0.01). The median values during the 15th minute were 15.5 and 0.5 in the control and the CO2 groups, respectively, which were 9% (15.5/173) and 0.5% (0.5/87), respectively, of the values registered after 14 minutes. In conclusion, CO 2 flushing of the empty circuit decreases the number of gaseous emboli in the prime compared with a conventional circuit that contains air before being primed with fluid. Knocking of the oxygenator releases gaseous emboli and the duration of re-circulating the circuit with prime influences the number of microemboli.

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50

Colangelo, N., S. Benussi, G. Piazza y O. Alfieri. "A simplified technique for antegrade selective cerebral perfusion". Perfusion 17, n.º 3 (mayo de 2002): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0267659102pf569oa.

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Various methods of cerebral protection have been used during aortic arch surgery. We reviewed our experience with a modified technique for selective cerebral perfusion (SCP) administration during surgery on the thoracic aorta from October 1999. Conventionally, this technique requires an additional roller pump on the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) console. In order to simplify the extracorporeal circuit (ECC), the paediatric double-roller pump used for the administration of cardioplegia was utilized by adding a ‘Y-connection’ on the blood line of the cardioplegia circuit, upstream of the cardioplegia reservoir, to provide SCP blood flow. SCP administration with a Y-connection is both easy and fast to set up on the ECC circuit and does not create additional difficulties to the surgeon. It simplifies SCP delivery by allowing the perfusionist to use a standard ECC system set-up.

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