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Alper, Brian S., Peter Oettgen, Ilkka Kunnamo, Alfonso Iorio, Mohammed Toseef Ansari, M. Hassan Murad, Joerg J. Meerpohl et al. "Defining certainty of net benefit: a GRADE concept paper". BMJ Open 9, n.º 6 (junio de 2019): e027445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027445.
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Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology is used to assess and report certainty of evidence and strength of recommendations. This GRADE concept article is not GRADE guidance but introduces certainty of net benefit, defined as the certainty that the balance between desirable and undesirable health effects is favourable. Determining certainty of net benefit requires considering certainty of effect estimates, the expected importance of outcomes and variability in importance, and the interaction of these concepts. Certainty of net harm is the certainty that the net effect is unfavourable. Guideline panels using or testing this approach might limit strong recommendations to actions with a high certainty of net benefit or against actions with a moderate or high certainty of net harm. Recommendations may differ in direction or strength from that suggested by the certainty of net benefit or harm when influenced by cost, equity, acceptability or feasibility.
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Gribova, Evangelina. "The principle of legal certainty: concept and main characteristics". Advances in Law Studies 9, n.º 3 (7 de octubre de 2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-5087-2021-9-3-16-20.
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The article is devoted to the disclosure of the concept of legal certainty, the problem of finding certainty in law since the emergence of legal conflicts and legal disputes is often associated with the search for certainty in the law. It is advisable to find out whether the principle of legal certainty is a principle of law or is it of a non-legal nature.
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Martí, Louis, Francis Mollica, Steven Piantadosi y Celeste Kidd. "Certainty Is Primarily Determined by Past Performance During Concept Learning". Open Mind 2, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2018): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00017.
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Prior research has yielded mixed findings on whether learners’ certainty reflects veridical probabilities from observed evidence. We compared predictions from an idealized model of learning to humans’ subjective reports of certainty during a Boolean concept-learning task in order to examine subjective certainty over the course of abstract, logical concept learning. Our analysis evaluated theoretically motivated potential predictors of certainty to determine how well each predicted participants’ subjective reports of certainty. Regression analyses that controlled for individual differences demonstrated that despite learning curves tracking the ideal learning models, reported certainty was best explained by performance rather than measures derived from a learning model. In particular, participants’ confidence was driven primarily by how well they observed themselves doing, not by idealized statistical inferences made from the data they observed.
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Lo, Alice y Maree J. Abbott. "Self-concept certainty in adaptive and maladaptive perfectionists". Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 10, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2019): 204380871984345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043808719843455.
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The present study examined the content of self-related beliefs (i.e., the self-concept) and the level of certainty associated with these beliefs (i.e., self-concept certainty) across adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism. A sample of 103 university students (26 adaptive perfectionists, 28 maladaptive perfectionists, and 49 non-perfectionists) completed a series of questionnaires and a reaction-timed computer task assessing their self-concept content and level of self-concept certainty. Results revealed significant differences in the content of self-beliefs about personality attributes between perfectionist groups, such that those classified as adaptive perfectionists held more positive beliefs and less negative-related beliefs about their personality attributes when compared to maladaptive perfectionists. Results regarding self-concept certainty were less clear, with adaptive perfectionists being most certain in general on self-report measures, but more certain for positive personality attributes only when compared to maladaptive perfectionists on a reaction-timed decision-making task. Findings from the present study are discussed in terms of the way that self-concept certainty may differ across adaptive and maladaptive subtypes of perfectionists.
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Samjetsabam, Michael. "Moral Certainty of Faculty of Reason in Descartes’ Discourse". Tattva Journal of Philosophy 13, n.º 2 (1 de julio de 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12726/tjp.26.1.
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In this paper, I have made an attempt to understand the concept of moral certainty in Descartes’ philosophy. This concept has not received much attention in the Cartesian scholarship. I argue that Descartes entertains a certainty, called moral certainty, which is a lesser certainty than metaphysical certainty, which we see in his text, Meditations. Only a few Cartesian scholars have talked about this concept in relation to other areas in Descartes’ philosophy. In this paper, I draw a relationship between the concept of moral certainty and the faculty of reason in the context of Descartes’ text, Discourse. I argue that Descartes entertains the testimonies of learned men when it comes to practical or moral matters, arguing that their testimonies guarantee moral certainty. I argue that Descartes claims, in the Discourse, that human beings are endowed with the faculty of reason on the basis of moral certainty.
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Ficsor, Krisztina. "The Uncertain Concept of Legal Certainty". Archiv fuer Rechts- und Sozialphilosophie 107, n.º 2 (2021): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/arsp-2021-0014.
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Wilson, Judith K. y Ronald M. Rapee. "Self-concept certainty in social phobia". Behaviour Research and Therapy 44, n.º 1 (enero de 2006): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2005.01.006.
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Meulder, Constance De. "Certainty as Insanity". Sartre Studies International 28, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2022): 23–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ssi.2022.280103.
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I examine the Lacanian concept of misrecognition (méconnaissance) by comparing it with the Sartrean notion of bad faith (mauvaise foi). I focus on Jacques Lacan’s 1946 article ‘Presentation on Psychical Causality’ in which Lacan criticises organicist psychology for misrecognising the cause of madness to be essentially organic and consequently failing to distinguish between ‘mad’ and ‘true’ ideas. I argue that bad faith, discussed by Jean-Paul Sartre in Being and Nothingness in 1943—and referred to six times in the Écrits by Lacan—has essential similarities with misrecognition in the Lacanian sense. By juxtaposing these concepts, I argue that this early Lacanian text is marked by an existentialist attitude which views human reality—and madness—as meaningful and grounded in being.
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Smorodynskyi, Viktor. "Legal Certainty". Philosophy of law and general theory of law, n.º 2 (22 de diciembre de 2021): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21564/2707-7039.2.242858.
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Legal certainty is considered in the paper not only as one of the general principles of law and one of the requirements of the Rule of Law, but also as a fundamental feature and condition of the significance of law and its instrumental value in general. In this regard, the definitions of the Rule of Law conception and the lists of its components proposed by Western philosophers and theorists of law and by the Venice Commission are analyzed. Elements of the principle of legal certainty such as legislation and case law accessibility, legal acts’ predictability, principles of case law unity, legitimate expectations, res judicata, the European concept of autonomous interpretation and the American doctrine of uncertainty of law are covered. By analyzing and synthesizing theoretical concepts of the principle of legal certainty, the practice of its interpretation and application by European and national courts, the connections between it and other general principles of law (in particular – principles of legality and reasonableness), this principle plays a key role in the Rule of Law implementation in the national legal system.
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Asmorowati, RR Meiti. "KONSEP KEPENTINGAN UMUM DALAM PENGADAAN TANAH DIHUBUNGKAN DENGAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM". Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 6, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jhmj.v6i1.1014.
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The debate arises regarding the meaning of the concept of public interest. The concept of public interest changes, not the same/different so it is not clear, not firm and not standard, both in regulations, in the opinion of experts, in court decisions, and the implementation of land acquisition. As a result of the concept of public interest is interpreted differently, namely interpreted in the interests of the private, business (commercial) and financiers to seek maximum profits. The research approach used is juridical normative, with the nature of descriptive-analytical research. The research source uses secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the first research are the concept of public interest in land acquisition, that the concept of public interest is regulated in several laws and regulations, in the opinion of experts, court decisions, and implementation of non-standard land acquisition. The concept of public interest in Article 1 Number (6) of Law No. 2 of 2012 is not clear. For this reason, the concept of public interest is made standard so that it is not interpreted differently, that is, interpreted for business purposes in the context of seeking profit. If interpreted for business purposes, it is not useful for everyone, including the community and the state. The results of the research of the two concepts of public interest in the land acquisition are related to legal certainty, that the concept of public interest is regulated in several laws and regulations, in the opinion of experts, court decisions, and the implementation of non-standard land acquisition, then there is no legal certainty. The concept of public interest in Article 1 Number (6) of Law No. 2 of 2012 is unclear which ultimately does not provide legal certainty. The meaning of legal certainty is order, what is allowed, and what is not allowed. To guarantee legal certainty, the concept of public interest in the article is added to the element of public interest that is not for business purposes, so that the article is in the interest of the nation, state, and society as much as possible for the prosperity of the people and not for business. Keywords : Public Interest, Land Acquisition, Benefit Principle.
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Zhi, Huilai y Hao Chao. "Three-Way Concept Analysis for Incomplete Formal Contexts". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (12 de septiembre de 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9546846.
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Recently, incomplete formal contexts have received more and more attention from the communities of formal concept analysis. Different from a complete context where the binary relations between all the objects and attribute are known, an incomplete formal context has at least a pair of object and attribute with a completely unknown binary relation. Partially known formal concepts use interval sets to indicate the incompleteness. Three-way formal concept analysis is capable of characterizing a target set by combining positive and negative attributes. However, how to describe target set, by pointing out what attributes it has with certainty and what attributes it has with possibility and what attributes it does not has with certainty and what attributes it does not has with possibility, is still an open problem. This paper combines the ideas of three-way formal concept analysis and partially known formal concepts and presents a framework of approximate three-way concept analysis. At first, approximate object-induced and attribute-induced three-way concept lattices are introduced, respectively. And then, the relationship between approximate three-way concept lattice and classical three-way concept lattice are investigated. Finally, examples are presented to demonstrate and verify the obtained results.
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Chen, Dong Mei. "Concept Presentation Conversion for Cooperative Information Engineering". Applied Mechanics and Materials 63-64 (junio de 2011): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.63-64.711.
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Concept integration, connection, and reuse are at the heart of Web services. The connection between two concepts can be achieved easily provided both share the same theorematic space. This in turn can be achieved by reusing constructs from foundational concepts and standard domain theme. Although the current produce of concept development methods and tools have made it a lot easier to build a new concept, reusing concepts from existing concepts remains difficult. The main reasons for this are the uncertainty in presentation conversions of concepts from foundational concepts. In this paper we have introduced a novel method for sense certainty to help the human expert in presentation conversion.
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Subaidi, Subaidi. "Rekonstruksi Hukum Pasar Modal Syariah dalam Memberi Jaminan Kepastian Hukum". Istidlal: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Hukum Islam 1, n.º 2 (2 de octubre de 2017): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/istidlal.v1i2.105.
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The shari'a concept in Islamic capital market industry is generally considered haven’t been able to provide guaranteeing legal certainty. Public that has been accustomed to using conventional concept feel more secure with guaranteeing legal certainty of conventional concept in capital market industry. That public confidenceissue became a positive correction in developing Islamic capital market industry in Indonesia. Guaranteeing legal certainty is indispensable in the legal system of society, so that required a legal reconstruction in Islamic capital market industry in Indonesia. The questions are; what is the importance of law in Islamic capital market industry and how is the configuration of law reconstruction in Islamic capital market industry in the future.
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., Ma’ruf y Ana Dhiqfaini Sultan. "Analysis of Physics Misconceptions Elasticity and Hooke's Law in High School Students with Certainty of Response Index Method". Galore International Journal of Applied Sciences and Humanities 8, n.º 2 (21 de junio de 2024): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/gijash.20240202.
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This research aims to analyze the level of understanding of students' concepts and misconceptions using the Certainty of Response Index (CRI) method in class XI elasticity and Hooke's law material at Senior High School Makassar in Indonesia. This type of research is Expost Facto with a quantitative descriptive research design. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique and Class. The analysis results from the research obtained show that the level of understanding of the concept of elasticity and Hooke's law in class XI MIPA students at Senior High School Makassar in Indonesia is in the low category with a percentage of 21.67%. And misconceptions are in the medium category with a percentage of 35.78%. The conclusion of this research is that the percentage level of concept understanding is in the low category and the level of misconceptions and not understanding concepts is in the medium category, so it is necessary to improve the quality of the learning process and solutions to overcome the low level of concept understanding and high levels of misconceptions experienced by students in Indonesia. Keywords: understanding concepts, misconceptions, certainty of response index, elasticity and hooke's law
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Mujib, Abdul. "IDENTIFIKASI MISKONSEPSI MAHASISWA MENGGUNAKAN CRI PADA MATA KULIAH KALKULUS II". Mosharafa: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 6, n.º 2 (24 de agosto de 2018): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31980/mosharafa.v6i2.305.
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AbstrakMiskonsepsi merupakan masalah yang selalu muncul dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi mahasiswa yang sedang mengambil matakuliah kalkulus II. CRI (Certainty of Response Index) digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi mahasiswa yang mengalami miskonsepsi, tidak paham konsep, dan sama sekali tidak tahu konsep. Penelitian ini melibatkan 20 responden yang sedang mengambil matakuliah kalkulus II. Instrument yang digunakan adalah tes diasnogtik dalam bentuk essay. Selain menjawab soal, mahasiswa juga diminta untuk menuliskan tingkat keyakinan kebenaran dari jawaban mereka. Selain itu, wawancara terstruktur juga digunakan untuk mengvalidasi tingkat keyakinan mahasiswa dan penyebab terjadinya miskonsepsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa CRI dapat dengan mudah membedakan siswa yang memahami konsep dengan baik dengan mahasiswa yang mengalami kesalahan. Berdasarkan analisis kesalahan mahasiswa diperoleh 46% mahasiswa mengalami miskonsepsi, 53,4% mahasiswa tidak mengetahui konsep dan 0,6% mahasiswa yang sama sekali tidak tahu konsep (lucky guess).Kata Kunci: Miskonsepsi, CRI (Certainty of Response Index), Kalkulus II.AbstractMisconception is an issue that always arises in teaching and learning activities. Therefore, this study aims to identify the misconception of students who are taking calculus II courses. CRI (Certainty of Response Index) is used to identify students with misconceptions, not understanding concepts, and not knowing concepts at all. This study involved 20 respondents who are taking calculus II courses. Instrument used is diagnogtic test in essay form. In addition to answering questions, students are also asked to write down the level of confidence in their answers. In addition, structured interviews are also used to validate student confidence and the causes of misconceptions. The results show that CRI can easily distinguish students who understand the concept well with students who experience errors. Based on the student error analysis, 46% of students have misconception, 53,4% of students do not know concept and 0,6% of students do not know concept (lucky guess).Keyword: Misconceptions, CRI (Certainty of Response Index), Calculus II.
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Nicholas Hamid, P. y Christopher Cheng. "SELF-ESTEEM, AND SELF-CONCEPT CLARITY IN CHINESE STUDENTS". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 23, n.º 3 (1 de enero de 1995): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1995.23.3.273.
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Critical self-framing factors and salient self-referent attributes were examined for their usefulness in predicting global self-esteem. On twelve attributes 186 Hong Kong Chinese students rated their self-view, the importance of each attribute, and their certainty of possessing each attribute. Self-rating was related to self-esteem in a simple unitary manner. Importance of attribute contributed little to the analysis while certainty was related to self-esteem only for students with strongly positive self-views. A pattern of difference in emphasis for high and low self-esteem students on social attributes was clearly distinguishable. The results are discussed in terms of their cultural implications and strategy for maintaining self-esteem.
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Sugiarti, Indah. "Kepastian Hukum Terhadap Penerapan Dan Pemanfaatan Konsep Cyber Notary Di Indonesia". Jurnal Officium Notarium 2, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2022): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/jon.vol2.iss1.art2.
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Technological developments and advances have impacted the advancement of legal services performed by notaries, these services are known as the concept of cyber notary. The application of the cyber notary concept in Indonesia cannot be realized due to the absence of further regulations and limitations in guaranteeing legal certainty regarding the matter. Therefore the researcher formulates two problems: first, what are the limitations on the application of the concept of cyber notary in the Indonesian legal practices? Second, what is the form of legal certainty that should be fastened on the application and utilization of the cyber notary concept in Indonesia? The research method used is normative juridical with literature study. The results of the study concluded that there are legal limitations for notaries in utilizing the cyber notary concept by looking at the applicable legal provisions and guaranteeing the validity of these legal documents and the need for arrangements in an implementing regulation to ensure legal certainty regarding the implementation and utilization of the cyber notary concept in Indonesia
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Robo, Feliks, Rolles Nixon Palilingan y Aswin Hermanus Mondolang. "ANALISIS MISKONSEPSI SISWA PADA MATERI FISIKA DI SMA NEGERI 8 HALMAHERA TIMUR MENGGUNAKAN CERTAINTY OF RESPONSE INDEX (CRI)". Charm Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika 2, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2021): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53682/charmsains.v2i2.118.
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In the physics learning process, one of the things to look out for is developing a change in the student's concept that extends the concept from incomplete concepts to complete and perfect. These concepts often deviate from the correct concept. Misconception are initial concepts that are inconsistent with the scientific concepts agreed by experts. This departure from the concept is known as a misunderstanding. This study aims to determine the extent of student misunderstandings in physics material at SMA Negeri 8 East Halmahera using the Certainty Of Response Index. The subjects used in this study were 30 students from Class XII MIA at SMA Negeri 8 East Halmahera. Retrieving data in this study in the form of a multiple choice diagnostic test (reasoned multiple choice test) 50 numbers, accompanied by the CRI (Certainty of Response Index) of the students on Effort and energy 15 items, Temperature and Heat 17 items and 18 static electricity. The data were analyzed qualitatively. From the results of the data analysis, the following conclusion emerged: The degree of misconception of material temperature and heat was 47%. This was the ultimate misconception of the three materials. This proves that most of the students do not understand the material temperature and heat compared to the material from Effort and energy with a misunderstanding rate was 13%, and the static electricity where a misunderstanding occurred was 20%. Overall, the misunderstanding among students is still low at 35%.
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Arda, Arda y Anita Anita. "ANALISIS MISKONSEPSI PESERTA DIDIK SMP IT AL FAHMI PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA". Koordinat Jurnal MIPA 2, n.º 1 (25 de mayo de 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/koordinat.v2i1.20.
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This research aims to determine the misconception of students at SMP IT Al Fahmi on the concept of motion. This research is descriptive quantitative with survey method. Data collection was carried out through written test using multiple choice questions equipped with Certainty of Response Index (CRI). The data analysis show that conception achievement on the concept of motion was 50.95% knowing the concept, 23.81% missing the concept and 25.24% not knowing the concept. Misconceptions occur in all concepts of motion, all straight motion (31.75%), force (20.24%) and Newton's law (20.63%). Many students misconceptions occur in the questions indicators determining displacement, resultant force, action and reaction force.
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Vasilishin, I. I. "On the Concept of «Legal Certainty» and Its Content". Вестник Московского государственного лингвистического университета. Образование и педагогические науки, n.º 3 (2022): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.52070/2500-3488_2022_3_844_137.
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Dobrobaba, M. B. "Concept of personal data: the Problem of Legal Certainty". Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), n.º 2 (28 de abril de 2023): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2023.102.2.042-052.
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The article analyzes the problem of the content of the legal definition of “personal data”. On the basis of the study, the author concludes that, due to its breadth, almost any information falls under the definition of personal data, which has a regulatory framework, which does not allow for adequate protection of the rights of the subject of personal data, in addition, may violate other rights guaranteed by law. The author shows that the flexible mode of personal data eliminates the need to establish an exhaustive list of them, which allows for the possibility of enshrining in the legislation the types of personal data subject to free circulation, including the definition of a list of cases of using personal data without obtaining the consent of the person concerned. When deciding whether to classify this or that information as personal data, the following algorithm is proposed: analysis of the provisions of sectoral legislation for listing information related to personal data; in the absence of such, an analysis of judicial practice in similar cases, the application of clarifications from Roskomnadzor and the Ministry of Digital Development; use of the identification method. It is substantiated that due to the ambiguous judicial interpretation of the category “personal data”, which in some cases does not coincide with the position of Roskomnadzor, it is necessary to develop common approaches to the interpretation of the norms of legislation on personal data by the highest court.
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Sianipar, Jessica Petra Natasha. "RELATION BETWEEN RECHTSSTAAT CONCEPT WITH LEGAL CERTAINTY IN MONEY LAUNDERING ASSET TRACING REGULATION WITH CORRUPTION AS THE PREDICATE CRIME IN ECONOMIC CRIME". Jurnal Hukum to-ra : Hukum Untuk Mengatur dan Melindungi Masyarakat 8, n.º 1 (15 de abril de 2022): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55809/tora.v8i1.76.
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Rechtsstaat Nation–law-based nation–is an ideal habitat for human rights because there is a guarantee for human rights through the independence of justice, legal proceedings, and other justice tools. Through this concept, it is expected that law certainty can take place. In Article 1 number (3) UUD 1945, it is clear and pronounced that Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia is a legal state. Therefore, the presence of legislation is expected to bring legal certainty, including Law No. 8 of 2010 about the Prevention and Eradication of Money Laundering which regulates asset tracing. However, factually, there are still some weaknesses in that legislation in regulating asset tracing, such as redundant articles, the development of “follow the money” concept that is still unknown to many parties, and so on. Thus, it can be seen that the existence of legal state concept does not guarantee a perfect law certainty.
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Yuen, D. Z., L. D. Ivanov, G. Wang y Y. S. Choo. "Structural Reliability Assessment of Aging Ships Using the Concept of Level of Certainty". Marine Technology and SNAME News 45, n.º 03 (1 de julio de 2008): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2008.45.3.132.
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The input data in strength calculations (e.g., loads, geometric, and material properties) may have different levels of certainty/uncertainty. In most cases, the level of certainty of the result (e.g., stresses) is unknown. The knowledge of this certainty is important for all parties involved in ships' design, construction, and operation. In some sense, it indicates the likelihood of the calculated result to happen. When the probabilistic distribution of the stresses is available, the level of certainty of any calculated stress can be determined. However, deriving this distribution is not always possible. Therefore, an approximate method for its assessment is proposed that does not require knowledge of the probabilistic distributions of the input parameters or development of new computer programs. It is based on the percentiles of the input parameters calculated from the statistical analysis of the sample of data for each input parameter. This approach is applied for probabilistic assessment of residual plate thickness, hull girder bending stresses, and stresses derived by finite element modeling. It allows more realistic strength analysis especially of old vessels when the statistical data are scarce. Examples are given for 25K dead weight ton (DWT) bulk carrier. Nothing can ever be proved by statistics, one can only show that there is a certain probability that a given hypothesis is not false, which is not the same as showing that it is correct. Prof. Rutger Bennet, University of Gbteborg, Sweden, 1974
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Firmansyah, Arif y Lina Jamilah. "The Concept of Good Faith In Complete Systemic Land Registration In Realizing Legal Guarantee". Administrative and Environmental Law Review 3, n.º 1 (29 de junio de 2022): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/aelr.v3i1.2588.
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Complete systematic land registration is regulated in Ministerial Regulation Number 6 of 2018 concerning Complete systematic land registration.Ministerial Regulation Number 6 of 2018 concerning Complete systematic land registration. Land registration is a form of implementation of government obligations to ensure certainty and protection of land ownership. The Government has guaranteed the legal certainty by Article 19 of Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Agrarian Principles. Implementing the Basic Agrarian Law related to complete systematic land registration, in the Minister of Agrarian Regulation No. 6 of 2018 concerning Complete Systematic Land Registration, Article 22 states that if you do not have evidence, then in good faith, make a statement. This study will discuss the excellent faith theory of complete systematic registration in realizing legal certainty. As a guarantor in complete systematic land registration, the state guarantees the truth of the land registered in good faith.
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Wiwiana, Wiwiana, Hasri Hasri y Halimah Husain. "Analisis Miskonsepsi Peserta Didik Menggunakan Certainty of Response Index (CRI) pada Materi Stoikiometri". Chemistry Education Review (CER) 4, n.º 2 (16 de septiembre de 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/cer.v4i2.15784.
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Many students are misconception, so the researchers do research with the aims to analyze the level of understanding of the participants’ concept students and the factors causing students’ misconceptions on the subject matter stoichiometry. Data collection uses open-ended diagnostic tests with a scale CRI with 18 numbers and interviews. The results showed the percentage of understanding concepts of 21% with a low percentage category, understand the concept but not sure at 7%, with the low category, the percentage of misconceptions of 12% with low categories and percentage do not understand the concept of 61% with a high category. Factors that cause misconception include a) students; c) how to teach.
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Ho, Yufang, Jane Lugea, Dan McIntyre, Jing Wang y Zhijie Xu. "Projecting (un)certainty". English Text Construction 11, n.º 2 (19 de octubre de 2018): 286–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.00012.ho.
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Abstract This article uses Text World Theory (Werth 1999; Gavins 2007) in conjunction with VUE (Visual Understanding Environment) concept mapping software to analyze three statements from the trial of Amanda Knox, who was charged (along with her boyfriend, Raffaele Sollecito) with the murder of Meredith Kercher in 2007. We compare the cognitive patterns (i.e. text-worlds) as reflected in Knox’s statements and use the insights gained to guide an examination of their individual linguistic features and associated potential legal implications. In the first two dictated statements, Knox is projected as an actor responsible for the reported actions/events that implicate her in the crime, whereas in the third statement (handwritten in English), she is projected as a senser, presenting more prominent epistemic uncertainty and indicating bewilderment. Further micro-level linguistic comparison indicates signs of textual alteration in the first two statements, i.e. crucial text was altered and thus resulted in a change of meaning and legal significance.
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I Wayan Budha Yasa. "PENALARAN HUKUM DAN KONSEP HUKUM H.L.A. HART SEBAGAI SOLUSI UNTUK MEREDAKAN GEJALA ANTINOMI DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM DI INDONESIA". Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 9, n.º 1 (9 de enero de 2023): 766–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v9i1.57115.
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Antinomy is a symptom that is difficult to avoid within the scope of the law. Antinomic symptoms can occur in laws and regulations as well as in law enforcement carried out by judges. To relieve antinomic symptoms, a study of the symptoms of the antinomy and solutions is needed. The preparation of this article aims to examine and describe the intermediate antinomic symptoms in law enforcement in Indonesia between expediency, legal certainty, and justice. In addition, the author will also examine the legal reasoning and the concept of law H.L.A. Hart as a solution to relieve the symptoms of the antinomy. Normative research methods are used for the purposes of compiling this article by prioritizing a conceptual approach to analyze the legal material used. The legal material collected as a support for writing this article is qualitatively constructed and presented descriptively. The results of the study show the antinomic symptoms between legal certainty, justice, and expediency are difficult to avoid in law enforcement in Indonesia. One example of the antinomic symptoms is in law enforcement carried out by judges on cases of illegal fishing in the Indonesia EEZ area. To relieve these antinomic symptoms, legal reasoning and the concept of law H.L.A. Hart can certainly be a solution, but good legal reasoning is needed by the judge in his consideration of deciding the case, while for the concept of law H.L.A. Hart must be clear about the existence in the Indonesian legal system.
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Johnson, Daniel Clinton y Lisa Barbanell Johnson. "Reinventing the Stress Concept". Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 12, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2010): 218–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1559-4343.12.3.218.
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Studies that attempt to models stress have been limited by the ambiguity surrounding the stress concept. To address this conceptual lacuna, this article proposes a new approach to conceptualizing stress. Through a historical survey of ideas relating to stress, clarity will be brought to the conception of stress through a synthesis of insights on the nature of stress arousal, particularly focusing on the dynamic of generation of stress in the mind. Stress, resulting from both positively and negatively appraised events, is experienced in proportion to the certainty with which we assess an impact to something to which we have attachment (Sanskrit, upãdãna), whether physical or ideological. Ultimately, this ancient conception of the psychological dynamic of stress has borne fruit in philosophy, religion, and psychotherapy, making it a sound candidate for a fundamental psychological conception of stress.
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Waluyo, Elsa Meriani, Arif Muchyidin y Hadi Kusmanto. "Analysis of Students Misconception in Completing Mathematical Questions Using Certainty of Response Index (CRI)". Tadris: Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Tarbiyah 4, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2019): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/tadris.v4i1.2988.
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The misconception is a notion of an understanding that is inconsistent with a scientific notion or an interpretation of the relationship of unacceptable concepts. This study conducted to identify the misconception of students of class VIII MTs Negeri 9 Cirebon on the concept of a tangent circle. The research method used is a mixed method. Sampling using random sampling, so that obtained 48 student samples. The instruments used in this study were multiple choice objective tests accompanied by Certainty of Response Index (CRI) method and diagnosis interview. Based on its completeness, the analysis shows that misconceptions appear on sub concepts tangent of the circle of 34,5%, a tangent to two circles of 35,6%, an outer circle and an inner circle of the triangle of 33,3%. On average misconceptions that occur in students that are at sub concepts, tangent two circles on about ten percentage are 43,8%. This analysis shows that misconceptions in the student because students do not understand the concept fully and connecting one concept to another with partial understanding, resulting in the student, makes the wrong conclusions. Based on analysis of these data showed that the CRI effectively used to determine the misconceptions and effective diagnostic interview used in knowing the reason students are causing students had misconceptions.
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ROTMAN, Leonard I. "THE FIDUCIARY CONCEPT AND THE SUBJECTIVE NATURE OF LEGAL CERTAINTY". Revue du notariat 110, n.º 2 (2008): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1045543ar.
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Weiner, Amir. "Nothing but Certainty". Slavic Review 61, n.º 1 (2002): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2696980.
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Eric D. Weitz argues that the Soviet Union promoted the development of national institutions and consciousness and explicidy rejected the ideology of race. Yet traces of racial politics crept into Soviet nationalities policies, especially between 1937 and 1953. In the Stalin period particular populations were endowed with immutable traits that every member of the group possessed and that were passed from one generation to the next. Recent scholarship, he suggests, has been resistant to drawing out the racial elements in the Stalinist purges of certain nationalities. Francine Hirsch challenges Weitz’s argument, arguing that the Soviet regime had a developed concept of “race,” but did not practice what contemporaries thought of as “racial politics.” Hirsch argues that while the Nazi regime attempted to enact social change by racial means, the Soviet regime aspired to build socialism dirough die manipulation of mass (national and class) consciousness. She contends that it is imperative to analyze the conceptual categories that both regimes used in order to undertake a true comparative analysis. Weiner proposes that Soviet population politics constandy fluctuated between sociological and biological categorization. Although the Soviets often came close to adapting bioracial principles and practices, at no point did they let human heredity become a defining feature of political schemes. Race in the Soviet world applied mainly to concerns for the health of population groups. Despite the capacity to conduct genocidal campaigns and operate death camps, the Soviets never sought the physical extermination of entire groups nor did they stop celebrating the multiethnicity of tiieir polity. The radicalization of state violence in the postwar era was triggered by die nature and role of the war in the Soviet world, the alleged conduct of those who failed to rise to the occasion, and the endemic unstable and unassimilated borderlands, and not by die genetic makeup of the internal enemies. Alaina Lemon’s contribution suggests that scholars seek racialized concepts by treating discourse as situated practice, rather than by separating discourse from practice. This allows consideration of the ways people use language not only to name categories but also to point to social relationships (such as “race”) with or without explicidy naming them as such. Doing so, however, is admittedly more difficult when die only available evidence of past discursive practices are printed texts or interviews. In conclusion, Weitz responds to these critics.
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Jannah, Riza Raudatul y Lisa Utami. "Identifikasi Miskonsepsi Siswa Pada Materi Reaksi Redoks Menggunakan Certainty Of Respond Indeks". Journal of The Indonesian Society of Integrated Chemistry 10, n.º 2 (6 de abril de 2019): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jisic.v10i2.5849.
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This Research aimed at identifying student misconception on Redox Reaction lesson at the tenth grade of State Vocational High School 5 Pekanbaru. It was Descriptive. Purposive sampling technique was used, and the sample were the tenth grade students of class TAV 2. Multiple choice with reasoning diagnostic test with CRI (Certainty of Response Index) column was the instrument used. Based on the research findings, it showed that there was a student misconception on Redox Reaction lesson. Sub concept was the highest misconception. The concept development of Redox Reaction lesson was 22.23%, sub concept of oxidation number was 19.05%, and sub concept of reducing and oxidation agents was 12.7%. Misconception happened because of the learning method that was teacher center, the lack of textbook reference, and the low of student learning interest. Based on the data analysis, it revealed that CRI was effective to be used to identify student misconception.
Keywords: Misconception, Multiple Choice Test Reasoned Open, CRI (Certainty of Response Index), Redox Reaction Concept
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Salam, Safrin, Rizki Mustika Suhartono, Imron Rizki A y Mustakim La Dee. "CONSTRUCTION OF THE CONCEPT OF BUILDING POPULIST ECONOMIC LAW". Audito Comparative Law Journal (ACLJ) 2, n.º 3 (16 de agosto de 2021): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/aclj.v2i3.17494.
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The 1945 Constitution does contain the idea of political democracy and at the same time economic democracy. That is, in the highest power holder in our country is the people, both in the political and economic fields. All political and economic resources are controlled by sovereign people. However, in a democratic system built certainly not all of them are directly controlled by the people. The purpose of this research is to formulate the concept of populist economic law based on economic law in Indonesia and to understand the legal comparison between Islamic economic system and conventional economic system in the development of economic law in Indonesia. This research is normative legal research that is conducted by researching and studying the laws and regulations. The research approach used in this study is 2 (two) namely statute approach and conceptual approach. The results showed that the Concept of Economic Law Based on Populist Economy in Indonesia was built through 4 (four) principles of economic law, namely legal justice, legal certainty of benefits and affordable rules so as to realize the main goal of economic law, namely creating economic growth, balanced equality and welfare while the Comparison of Law Between Islamic economic system and conventional economic system in economic law development in Indonesia is Islamic economy based on sharia principles while conventional economy based on human will.
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Paulo, S. "Certainty equivalent coefficients and capital budgeting: A caveat". South African Journal of Business Management 24, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 1993): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v24i4.874.
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The purpose of this technical note is to draw attention to the problems which are inherent in the use of certainty equivalent coefficients as an approach to incorporating risk into capital budgeting. More specifically, the certainty equivalent coefficient net present value criterion violates an important principle of cash flow determination for discounted cash flow analysis. Further, this approach precludes the use of net present value profiles which are pivotal when evaluating conflicts among mutually exclusive projects. In addition, use of certainty coefficient equivalents amounts to an acknowledgement that the concept, function and use of the cost of capital is improperly understood.
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Usoltsev, Egor Y. "Problems of Legal Certainty and Judicial Discretion when Applying Legal Provisions on Abuse of Right". Russian judge 10 (8 de octubre de 2020): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3791-2020-10-46-50.
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This article is devoted simultaneously to several problems of civil law: abuse of right, judicial discretion, legal strength and certainty, each of them deserves separate research attention. At the same time, the author considers them together, since the concept of abuse of right is evaluative, and, as it is known, such concepts always pose a danger to legal certainty, since they do not contain all the features of the phenomena described by them, so their application is possible only within the framework of broad judicial discretion. And here one of the most difficult questions of jurisprudence appears: what are the limits of such discretion, the decision of which largely depends on the correctness of the courts’ qualification of the subject’s actions as malicious law enforcement. At first glance, it turns out to be a vicious circle! However, the author comes to an unexpected conclusion that the activity of the Supreme court of the Russian Federation, whose decisions often play the role of judicial precedents, regulates the process of applying the rules on abuse of right and thereby provides legal certainty.
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Sadhu, Satya, Maria Tensiana Tima, Vika Puji Cahyani, Antonia Fransiska Laka, Desfi Annisa y Atina Rizanatul Fahriyah. "Analysis of acid-base misconceptions using modified certainty of response index (CRI) and diagnostic interview for different student levels cognitive". International Journal of Science and Applied Science: Conference Series 1, n.º 2 (14 de agosto de 2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/ijsascs.v1i2.5126.
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<p class="Abstract">The authors in this paper draw attention to the importance of an instrument that can analyze student’s misconception.This study described the kind of the misconception in acid-base theory, and the percentage students’ misconception occur in every subconcept of acid-base theory. The design of this study is a descriptive method, involved 148 of 11<sup>th</sup> grade science students from Senior High School, which divided into two classes are high cognitive and low cognitive. Further analysis of using Modified Certainty of Response Index (CRI) as a diagnostic instrument is used to explore misconception which in that test included evaluating only content knowledge with considering the reason behind the students' choice of response and their certainty of response in every question. The result of data analysis has shown that misconception occurred in high cognitive class, gained 43,86% and misconception occurred in low cognitive class, gained 24,63%. Based on the diagnostic interview has shown that misconception occurred in students due to students does not understand the concept well and they related the one concept to the other concepts with partial understanding, the result students make the failed conclusions. The type of misconception occurred is a conceptual misunderstanding. According to the data analysis showed that Modified Certainty of Response Index (CRI) is effective used to analyze students’ misconceptions and the diagnostic interview is effective used to know the reasons that caused students which having misconceptions.</p>
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Rohaini, Erni y Lina Jamilah. "Regulation of Underground Space in Realising Community Welfare and Legal Certainty for Investment". Journal La Sociale 5, n.º 1 (4 de marzo de 2024): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v5i1.1022.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze and discover the regulation of underground space in realizing public welfare and legal certainty for investment and offer future concepts of underground space regulation in realizing public welfare and legal certainty for investment. This research is normative juridical research with statutory, historical, comparative, and conceptual approaches. The findings of this research show: (a) it has not been regulated regarding property rights, utilization of underground space for private and public, the authority of the central and local governments as well as the authority of notaries and/or PPAT, institutions, and the implementation of underground space. (b) has been regulated but the norms are unclear and not yet comprehensive regarding rights to underground space in the form of Right of Use, HPL and HGB. (c) there are still norms that regulate optional in the regulation of underground space; (d) there are conflicts of legal norms between sector laws. This research concludes that the current underground space regulation is inadequate to support welfare and legal certainty for investment, because there is no support from the Underground Space Law as an instrument of renewal. In addition, the main concept of the Draft Basement Law for the future is directed at public welfare and legal certainty for investment. The draft builds on the philosophical foundation of the welfare state the sociological foundation of the need for underground space utilization, the recognition of rights to underground space, and the juridical foundation of legal certainty.
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Zuhri, Muhammad Fakhruddin. "Forgiveness of Judges: Local Wisdom in the Concept of National Criminal Law". Walisongo Law Review (Walrev) 1, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2019): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/walrev.2019.1.1.4757.
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Criminal law, as an instrument of guarding public order, has two functions. The first one is as general function to regulate life and to organize procedures in society. The second one is as particular function to protect legal interests from crime by giving criminal punishment as sanctions for the perpetrators. Conceptually, forgiveness of the judge emerges to modify rigid legal certainty towards flexible legal certainty. This departs from several cases that have actually fulfilled the formulation of criminal offenses, but their actions are not feasible to be sentenced. Therefore, in the concept of the National criminal law, the Draft of Criminal Code (RKUHP) makes a new formula containing local wisdoms that regulate the possibility of forgiveness of the judge to several cases that are improperly being convicted. This paper focuses on the concept of forgiveness of the judge that cannot be separated from the local wisdom values, including religious values and legal wisdoms living in society.
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Hendricks, Karin. "Counternarratives: Troubling Majoritarian Certainty". Action, Criticism, and Theory for Music Education 20, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2021): 58–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22176/act20.3.58.
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Narratives featuring majoritarian (e.g., White, male, middle/upper class, and/or heterosexual) protagonists are so prevalent in U.S. society that they have become the normative reference point by which some members of society may view and label others. They may, therefore, implicitly consider those who do not fit the majoritarian mold as somehow inferior or deficient. Counternarratives challenge majoritarian biases by normalizing the experiences of minoritized persons and inviting their stories to rupture the dominant narrative. In this article, I engage the concept of counternarratives by relating my encounter with a historical narrative that differed from the majoritarian one I had been taught. I then describe how counternarratives can take a reader on a journey through time, sociality, and place to evoke a sense of connection with a non-majoritarian protagonist and awaken the possibility for seeing the world anew. The article continues with descriptions of counternarrative texts and their potentials, first from literature and contemporary autobiography and then from within music education.
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Upu, Hamzah, Ahmad Thalib y St Hartina Tahir. "Deskripsi Tingkat Pemahaman Konsep Perpangkatan Siswa Kelas XI Menggunakan Certainty of Response Index (CRI)". Issues in Mathematics Education (IMED) 4, n.º 1 (20 de noviembre de 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/imed15290.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dekripsi pemahaman konsep siswa yaitu paham konsep dengan baik, paham konsep tetapi kurang yakin, miskonsepsi, dan tidak tahu konsep pada materi perpangkatan menggunakan Certainty of Response Index (CRI). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 11 subjek yang mewakili setiap tingkat pemahaman konsep dari siswa kelas XI SMA. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari tes objektif dan pedoman wawancara. Tingkat pemahaman konsep dikategorikan menggunakan kategori CRI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Siswa paham konsep dengan baik disebabkan oleh tingginya motivasi belajar dan rasa suka siswa pada pelajaran matematika. (2) Siswa memahami konsep tetapi kurang yakin disebabkan oleh rendahnya rasa percaya diri, rasa takut salah yang tinggi, kurang menguasai konsep matematika, dan tergesa-gesa dalam menjawab soal. (3) Siswa mengalami miskonsepsi disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman bahkan salah paham konsep. (4) Siswa tidak memahami atau tidak tahu konsep disebabkan oleh siswa tidak memiliki pengetahuan dalam mengerjakan soal perpangkatan, kurangnya kemampuan dan wawasan siswa dalam mengerjakan soal, kurang menguasai konsep, tidak memahami soal, dan kurangnya kemampuan siswa dalam mentransformasikan soal.
Kata Kunci: Pemahaman, Konsep, Perpangkatan, Miskonsepsi, Certainty of Response Index (CRI)
This study aims to determine the students understanding concept in terms of understanding the concept as well, understanding the concept but not sure, misconception, and not knowing the concept of exponent using Certainty of Response Index (CRI). The type of this study is qualitative study with descriptive approach. The subject of this study is 11 subjects who represent each level of conceptual understanding from class XI of Senior High School. The instruments of this study consist of objective test and interview guidelines. Level of conceptual understanding categorized using CRI category. The result of this study showed that: (1) The students understand with the concept as well because of their high motivation in learning and their love with mathematics. (2) The students understand with the concept but not sure because of their lack in self-confidence, their high false fear, lack in mastering the mathematic concept, and do not careful in answering the questions. (3) The Students experiencing misconceptions that caused by a lack of understanding, and even a misunderstanding towards the concept. (4) The students do not understand/ do not know the concept caused by their haven’t knowledge in answer the question of eksponent, their lack of ability and insight in working on the questions, lack of mastering the concept, not understanding the questions, and the students lack ability in transform the questions.
Keywords: Understanding, Concept, Exponent, Misconception, Certainty of Response Index (CRI).
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Yusupov, Ilhomjon. "THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES OF APPLYING THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGAL CERTAINTY IN THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS". Jurisprudence 2, n.º 5 (25 de octubre de 2022): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.2.5./utch8095.
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Any legislative system and branch of law operate on the basis of specific basic rules and criteria combined based on certain generality. These criteria directly serve as a basis for all areas of law. This criterion is manifested in the form of legal principles. This scientific article provides substantiated opinions on the concept of the principles of law and the principle of legal certainty, the role and importance of the principle of legal certainty in the legislative process. The specific aspects of the principle of legal certainty, the results that can be expected as a result of the widespread application of the principle of legal certainty in practice have been described. The author gave an opinion that the principle of legal certainty is necessary for all spheres of legal regulation, for all branches of law and is mandatory for all legislators, the need for the principle of accuracy is necessary for the legislative activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Opinions and analytical data of scholars and the author on the principle of legal certainty in the field of law are given. At the same time, information is provided on the specifics of the principle of legal certainty.
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Luster, Maya S. y Brandon J. Pitts. "Trust in Automation: The Effects of System Certainty on Decision-Making". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, n.º 1 (septiembre de 2021): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651079.
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In the field of Human Factors, the concept of trust in automation can help to explain how and why users interact with particular systems. One way to examine trust is through task performance and/or behavioral observations. Previous work has identified several system-related moderators of trust in automation, such as reliability and complexity. However, the effects of system certainty, i.e., the knowledge that a machine has regarding its own decision-making abilities, on trust remains unclear. The goal of this study was to examine the extent to which system certainty affects perceived trust. Participants performed a partially simulated flight task and decided what action to take in response to targets in the environment detected by the aircraft’s automation. The automation’s certainty levels in recognizing targets were 30%, 50%, and 80%. Overall, participants accepted the system’s recommendation regardless of the certainty level and trust in the system increased as the system’s certainty level increased. Results may help to inform the development of future autonomous systems.
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Koprivica, Caslav. "The concept of engagement". Filozofija i drustvo 31, n.º 2 (2020): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid2002177k.
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In this paper, we illuminate the basic features of the concept of engagement, which has only become possible in the secular world, with the emergence of the modern individual deprived of any stable, eternal order or hierarchy of values. Still, engagement is not only individual but also collective, as the lack of certainty about the truth affects not only the community and society but also motivates them to follow the same paradigm as the individual - themselves at stake, without knowing where it could possibly lead, but with the intention to produce some tangible and stable socio-cosmic structures that could alleviate man?s uncertainty and thus insecurity. The necessity of engagement stems from the circumstance that man lives in a context saturated with meanings that call him out in advance and influence him. Therefore, engagement means actually acting back to the being-exposed to meanings and structures that have already affected man and his situation. One section of the text deals with an understanding of engagement in the contemporary, ?postmodern? era.
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Lesaffre, E. y J. L. Willems. "Measuring the Certainty of a Decision Rule with Applications in Electrocardiography". Methods of Information in Medicine 27, n.º 04 (octubre de 1988): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635537.
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SummaryAs an extension of recent work, several types of uncertainty involved in a decision process are further clarified in this paper. The concept of allocation with ß-confidence and the ß-doubt matrix are illustrated by two electrocardiographic data sets. These data sets illustrate the importance and the novelty of the above concepts. We argue for augmenting the classical correct classification rate with an interval estimate. We think that interval estimates are essential in the area of prediction modelling to refrain the user from being too optimistic.
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Van Schalkwyk, Linda y Rozelle Van Schaik. "A critical analysis of the concepts ‘Permanent Establishment’ and ‘Foreign Business Establishment’". Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 5, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2012): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v5i1.306.
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The objective of this study was to analyse and compare the concepts permanent establishment and foreign business establishment in order to make recommendations regarding the required additions and amendments to replace the concept foreign business establishment with the internationally recognised and accepted concept permanent establishment. The proposed replacement of the concept foreign business establishment with an internationally recognised and accepted tax concept will enhance the international compatibility of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962. The use of an internationally recognised and accepted tax concept will provide clarity and certainty regarding the tax implications of section 9D(9)(b) for those affected by it. After comparing the two definitions it was found that, subject to certain suggested additions and amendments, the internationally recognised and accepted concept permanent establishment can replace the concept foreign business establishment in section 9D(9)(b) of the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 without having a material impact on the objective of section 9D(9)(b). This replacement is possible due to the mutual objective of and the similar components contained in the definitions of the concepts permanent establishment and foreign business establishment.
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Koswara, Indra Yudha. "PENEGAKAN HUKUM KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA DENGAN KONSEP KEADILAN, KEPASTIAN, KEMANFAATAN DALAM TUJUAN PEMIDANAAN". Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 8, n.º 2 (30 de diciembre de 2022): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jhmj.v8i2.2928.
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The purpose of fostering a married life should be noble but the journey does not always run smoothly, there are challenges that must be faced by every couple and how to solve each challenge, but until now the journey of fostering a household is oftentinged with violence. Sometimes the law enforcement process creates new problems including disturbed family welfare and even divorce. How is the theoretical basis for the law enforcement process against domestic violence with the concept of justice, benefits of certainty and how is the implementation of the law enforcement process against domestic violence. The purpose of this research is that law enforcement officers do not only pursue legal certainty in enforcing the law, but rather to justice and benefit which aims to maintain and restore better family relationships or rehabilitation of relationships within the family. This study uses a normative juridical approach, by examining and interpreting theoretical matters concerning the principles, conceptions, doctrines and normative laws relating to the concept of Justice, the benefits of legal certainty. Law enforcement officers have begun to implement a justice and expediency approach that is oriented to the concept of restorative justice. .that it is better if law enforcement officers in the process of law enforcement against domestic violence put more emphasis on the concept of justice and benefits for the sake of improving the relationship between the two partners in the householdKeywords: Domestic Violence, Justice, benefit.
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Mattanete, Andi Ria, Haripuddin y Hasrul Bakri. "Penentuan Penilaian CRI Dalam Pembelajaran Simulasi Digital Peserta Didik Kelas X SMKN 10 Makassar". Jurnal MediaTIK 3, n.º 1 (16 de enero de 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jmtik.v3i1.14389.
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This study use Classroom Action Research (PTK) or Classroom Action Research with research subjects, namely class X TKJ 1 SMKN 10 Makassar, totaling 36 people. This research was conducted with the aim to determine the level of certainty or confidence in each answer given by students so that it can be classified between students who experience a concept error in understanding a concept with students who understand the concept. The study was conducted in two cycles, each cycle there were 3 meetings using action procedures namely planning, implementing, observing and reflecting using cooperative learning models. Data collection is done by pretest at the beginning of the cycle, posttest at the end of the cycle, observation of student activities and CRI assessment of the answers given by students in a question. The results of this study indicate that using the Certainly Of Response Index (CRI) assessment index can help to distinguish between students who understand the material, students who experience misconceptions and students who do not understand the material.
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Crowley, Colin y Dave Ashton. "Technical safety: use of concept risk assessment for field development certainty". APPEA Journal 59, n.º 2 (2019): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj18036.
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As technology advances and field development possibilities grow, the need for earlier guidance on the safety performance of concept designs is greater than ever. The SNC-Lavalin concept risk assessment (CRA) tool is a transparent and rapidly deployable model that is based on sound, industry-accepted quantitative risk assessment (QRA) principles. From the earliest stages of field development, when conceptualisation may be vague and data sparse, a wide range and variety of design options can still be assessed effectively and ranked on their safety performance. The CRA tool is proprietary software initially developed with BP and Shell. The model was first calibrated against 10 detailed QRAs, but is regularly benchmarked and updated with the most current failure rate data and has been used on nearly 50 projects globally. The database now incorporates established rule sets from hundreds of detailed QRAs performed, including floating liquefied natural gas and floating storage regasification units. This paper presents a CRA case study for a generic remote offshore field with a range of development options from conventional to minimal offshore facilities. The model calculates the associated risks for the options considered and is presented in terms of individual risk per annum, temporary refuge impairment frequency and potential loss of life. The results highlight the effects of each individual design feature on risk levels by comparison of similar options side by side, noting the main risk contributors and allowing investigation of the benefits of risk reduction measures. This enables identification of the best design features from each of the options and allows an optimised design to be carried forward.
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Emriyuni, Sari, Ardi Ardi y Yosi Laila Rahmi. "Identification Misconception of Transport Substance on A Freshman Used Technique Certainty of Response Index (CRI) in the Study Biology UNP Education". Bioeducation Journal 2, n.º 1 (3 de agosto de 2018): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/bioedu.v2i1.71.
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Misconception is a concept that doesn’t suitable with the concept recognized by experts. Misconception whom occur in students’ selves prohibit the formed of relation with the new concepts and disrupt the realization of learning process. Misconception may occur in learning of biological concepts, for example in substance transport material. This material contains the concepts that underlie the understanding of students to know the further biological concepts. Understanding of substance transport material has been obtained since at school and it’s difficult to understand for abstract reasons so it has the possibility of misconception. Therefore, misconception needs to be known by teacher and followed up early. The aim of this research is to identify the misconception on the concepts of substance transport material which experienced by first year class students in study program of Biology Education of UNP. This research is descriptive research which conducted in study program of biology education. The population of this research are 179 students of class 2017. The sample is 25% of 179 members of population, which is 45 members. The taking of sampling used simple random sampling technique. The data used are primary data which taking by using multiple choice test accompanied by Certainty of Response Index (CRI) and analyzed through quantitative technical analysis by percentage.Based on the analysis of data, it can be known that the percentage of students with the highest misconception is on the concept of passive transport mechanism about 23,03%, then on the concept of active transport mechanism about 22,69%, on the concept of transport mechanism through ensocytosis and exocytosis about 21,11%, and the lowest is misconception on the concept of cell membrane structure about 15,55%
Keywords: Misconception, substance transport, CRI
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Inozemtsev, M. I. "Digital law: The pursuit of certainty". Digital Law Journal 2, n.º 1 (22 de abril de 2021): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2021-2-1-8-28.
Texto completoResumen
The article deals with the development o digital law as an instrument for regulating the digital economy. It is proved that, within the academic environment, the concept of “Internet law” is still more well-established than the concept of “digital law”. It is in this manner that the legal sphere responds to the challenges of the digital revolution and reflects the digital economy. The debate as to whether “Internet law” can be considered either as a separate branch of law or as a branch of legislation has not yet subsided. Nevertheless, “Internet law” is undoubtedly an independent academic discipline, textbooks on which are published in Russia. However, Russia needs to develop a digital economy; this is why the national project “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” was adopted in 2018, regulatory support for which forms the basis of digital law in Russia. At the same time, the extensive experience of digital economy regulation in both its neighbouring countries and beyond is taken into account. Especially attractive is the national strategic model, which assumes the most rapid procedure for adopting changes and consequently adapting digital legislation, is aimed at the long-term perspective, and lets popular opinion — as well as the opinions of public organizations, the business community, and government representatives — be taken into account. In addition to foreign experience in regulating the digital economy, we should also use the best practices of domestic and foreign legal science.