Literatura académica sobre el tema "Test olfactif"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte las listas temáticas de artículos, libros, tesis, actas de conferencias y otras fuentes académicas sobre el tema "Test olfactif".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Test olfactif":
1
Jacquemont, Guillaume. "Un test olfactif pour détecter la conscience". Cerveau & Psycho N° 123, n.º 7 (17 de julio de 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cerpsy.123.0010.
2
Mortuaire, G., C. Vandenhende, B. Hochet y D. Chevalier. "Évaluation de la récupération olfactive après ethmoïdectomie endonasale pour polypose nasosinusienne par le Test Olfactif Européen". Annales françaises d'Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale 130, n.º 4 (octubre de 2013): A77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aforl.2013.06.261.
3
Holmström, Mats y Valerie J. Lund. "Response of Olfactory Acuity to Surgical Stress". American Journal of Rhinology 10, n.º 1 (enero de 1996): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/105065896781795175.
Resumen
In this study, the effect on olfaction of surgical procedures, performed distant to the nose, was analyzed. Twenty-three patients planned for surgery of minor or moderate degree under general anaesthesia were examined before surgery for evaluation of sense of smell with the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test and a smell threshold test (Olfacto-Labs). Reexamination was performed 24–48 hours postoperatively. Both tests demonstrated significant improvement in olfaction following surgery. The improvement was more obvious in younger patients and in patients undergoing moderate surgery compared with the minor surgery group but was, however, not statistically significant.
4
Hirsch, Alan, Alexander Roussos y Sally Freels. "Validation of Olfactory Threshold Testing Methods". Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 96, n.º 3 (marzo de 2017): E4—E6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014556131709600317.
Resumen
In patients with chemosensory complaints, a head-to-head comparison of unilateral olfaction threshold testing with the Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol Smell Threshold Test (PEA) and the OLFACT-RL Odor Threshold Test (OLFACT-RL) was undertaken. The charts of 23 consecutive patients presenting with chemosensory complaints seen at the Smell and Taste Treatment and Research Foundation were reviewed and information extracted per Institutional Review Board guidelines. All patients had undergone olfactory testing with the PEA test and the OLFACT-RL test in accordance with their published administration manuals. Using Spearman correlation coefficients to measure the statistical correlation between tests, we found evidence of a correlation between PEA and OLFACT-RL values on the left side only, overall (r = 0.49, p = 0.0184); in those who had hyposmia and did not have anosmia (r = 0.42, p = 0.0668); in those who did not have burning mouth syndrome (r = 0.46, p = 0.0304); and in those who did not have dysosmia (r = 0.47, p = 0.0553). There is no evidence of a correlation on the right side. The correlation for the left nostril suggests that these tests may be interchangeable. However, lack of correlation with the right nostril requires further investigation.
5
Hatanaka, Sachiko, Tadashi Ishimaru, Tsuyoshi Yata, Takaki Miwa y Mitsuru Furukawa. "Potential oscillation elicited by i.v. olfaction and its applicability as an objective clinical olfaction test". Acta Oto-Laryngologica 124 (1 de agosto de 2004): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03655230410017706.
6
Portalo-Calero, Arroyo, Suárez y Lozano. "Triangular Test of Amanita Mushrooms by Using Electronic Nose and Sensory Panel". Foods 8, n.º 9 (14 de septiembre de 2019): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8090414.
Resumen
This work aims to advance understanding of the differentiation of mushroom species through electronic devices that use sensors of various technologies and techniques for pattern recognition, comparing mainly volatile substances that emanate from them. In this first phase, the capacity of human olfaction to differentiate between the smell released by different wild mushrooms of the genus Amanita was analyzed by means of a triangular sensory test, comparing later the data to those obtained for the same samples with an electronic nose in a similar test. The results, still very preliminary, encourage imagining the wide application that these techniques will have and the feedback that this application can suppose for the training of the sense of human olfaction.
7
McMAHON, C. y G. K. SCADDING. "Le Nez du Vin?a quick test of olfaction". Clinical Otolaryngology 21, n.º 3 (junio de 1996): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.1996.tb01741.x.
8
Keller, Andreas y Leslie B. Vosshall. "A psychophysical test of the vibration theory of olfaction". Nature Neuroscience 7, n.º 4 (21 de marzo de 2004): 337–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn1215.
9
Saisu, Akihiro, Muneto Tatsumoto, Eisei Hoshiyama, Saiko Aiba y Koichi Hirata. "Evaluation of olfaction in patients with migraine using an odour stick identification test". Cephalalgia 31, n.º 9 (31 de mayo de 2011): 1023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102411410612.
Resumen
Aims: Peculiar characteristics of migraine headaches include the arousal of olfaction during the attacks and osmophobia. We performed an olfactory test to evaluate the association between olfaction and migraines. Methods: We evaluated olfactory dysfunction in 80 migraine patients (31 experienced migraines with aura (MWA), 49 migraine without aura (MWOA)) and 30 healthy controls. Participants were assessed for concurrent osmophobia. Olfaction was evaluated using an odour stick identification test (OSIT), in which participants were asked to identify various odours during a migraine-free period. The degree of offensiveness of each odour was also evaluated. Results: Sixty-three percent of migraine patients were found to have concurrent osmophobia (MWA 71%; MWOA 57%). The percentages of migraine patients and controls who correctly identified test odours were 91% (92%, MWA; 89%, MWOA) and 92%, respectively. Perfume, rose and Japanese cypress odours were more offensive to migraine patients than to controls. All test odours were found to be more offensive to MWA than to MWOA patients. Conclusions: The OSIT showed certain odours to be highly offensive to migraine patients even when they were not experiencing migraine headaches. More attention should be paid to odours that are perceived to be offensive by migraine patients, particularly those with MWA.
10
Alotaibi, N. H., H. A. Alsheikh, A. M. Zahlan, F. AlMana, S. Abduljawwad, O. A. Omar, A. Alshehri, A. Mohammed y S. Alsaleh. "Translation and validation of the “Smell Diskettes” Olfaction Test into Arabic". Rhinology Online 5, n.º 5 (31 de enero de 2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhinol/21.041.
Resumen
Objective: This study aims to translate and validate the 'Smell Diskettes' screening tool from English into Arabic. The significance of this study stems from the lack of reliable and rapid olfaction screening tests available to Arabic speaking patients and healthcare practitioners. Methods: This is a prospective cohort, multi-center study. A forward-backward translation of the olfaction screening test was done to translate the text into Arabic. Data was collected from two groups: a control group (n=125) of which 84 percent were females (n=105) and a mean age of 22.4 of subjectively normosmic individuals from Alfaisal University and a patients group (n=82) of which 35.4 percent females (n = 29) with a mean age of 38.2, all of whom were diagnosed with olfactory disturbances related to rhinological pathologies, from King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. One of the limitations we faced due to convenience sampling and COVID-19 pandemic restrictions was the inability to perform a “test-retest” on study subjects. Results: The study included 207 subjects, out of whom 82 (40 percent) were patients from the rhinology clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) and 125 (60 percent) were recruited as controls from Alfaisal University. The average olfaction scores for the control group and the patients’ group were 7/8 and 5/8, respectively. Conclusion: This study has determined that the Arabic-language version is a valid and useful instrument used in clinical practice and for research purposes. The development of this tool will allow more patients in Arabic-speaking countries to be screened for olfactory disturbances.
Tesis sobre el tema "Test olfactif":
1
Payne, Magali. "Olfaction, cognition et émotions : liens dans la maladie d'Alzheimer, l'apathie et la COVID-19". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ6013.
Resumen
Dans cette thèse nous avons créé un test olfactif et vérifié son utilité pour dépister des troubles en lien avec la pathologie d'Alzheimer ou celle de l'apathie, ou encore dans la COVID-19.Après avoir recueilli l'avis des cliniciens et les recommandations des experts chimistes, nous avons ensuite sélectionné quatorze odeurs, mis au point un test olfactif informatisé qui permet d'obtenir automatiquement le score de seuil de perception et d'identification. Ce travail a permis le dépôt d'un Brevet d'invention pour le "Test Olfactif de Dépistage de la maladie d'Alzheimer et de l'apathie", ou TODA.Nous avons vérifié l'intérêt du TODA en pratique de soins courants dans l'aide au diagnostic de la maladie d'Alzheimer auprès de malades d'Alzheimer en contrôles sains, en France et au Québec. Les scores olfactifs différenciaient très significativement les sujets et étaient corrélés à la mesure cognitive globale. Le TODA permettait aussi de repérer une identification des odeurs différente en fonction de la culture et de la pathologie.Dans une population de sujets présentant un Trouble Cognitif Mineur avec ou sans apathie, les résultats au TODA permettaient de différencier les sujets très significativement, notamment dans la sous-dimension sociale des critères de l'Apathie.Auprès de sujets présentant une post-infection à la COVID-19, le TODA a été utilisé en parallèle du Sniffin'Sticks Test, gold-standard actuel, pour vérifier la validité des résultats du TODA. Le TODA a aussi permis de mettre en évidence des confusions d'odeurs proches, révélant une atteinte de leurs propriétés olfactives. Son utilisation en cas de suspicion d'atteinte sémantique associée a elle aussi été concluante.La comparaison des scores obtenus au TODA par les sujets MA et par les sujets post-COVID-19 a révélé que les résultats étaient similaires. Seule l'étude des odeurs les plus significatives a permis de faire la différence entre les deux pathologiesIn this thesis we created an olfactory test to measure its usefullness to detect disorders such as Alzheimer's disease or apathy syndrome or COVID-19.First, we collected the opinions of clinicians and the recommendations of experts chemists. We then selected fourteen odors, and we developed a computerized olfactory test that was able to calculate threshold and identification automatically using theses odors. We submitted a Patent for this test named "Olfactory Test for screening Alzheimer's disease ans apathy" (TODA).We cerified the interest ol TODA in everyday care practice in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Using subjects with Alzheimer's disease and healthy control subjects, both in France and Quebec, the test scores significantly differenciate AD subjects from control subjects. This test allowed cognitive monitoring of patients and highlighted odor identification regardless of culture and pathology.With a population of subjects with Minor Cognitive Disorder, with and without apathy, the results were able to significantly differenciate subjects, in particular, with a social sub-dimension of Critéria of Apathy.With subjects suffering from post-COVID-19 infection we tested with the TODA and in parallel we used the Sniffin' Stick Test, a gold standard, to verify the validity of the TODA results. The TODA also allowed us to highlight the problems identify similar odors. Finally, we also highlighted the interest of using the TODA in the case of suspected associated semantics impairment.The comparison of the TODA scores obtained by AD subjects and COVID-19 subjects showed that there was no difference between the two groups. Only the study of the most significant odors made it possible to differenciate between the two patologies
2
Hamtat, Marie-Line. "Perception et représentation de l’odeur chez les patients souffrant de schizophrénie : création et exploitation d’un test olfacto-visuel". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21844.
Resumen
Dans la schizophrénie, de nombreux patients présentent un manque de soins d’hygiène personnelle, caractéristique du versant négatif de la symptomatologie. Cette négligence donne naissance à une odeur corporelle nauséabonde, qui d’antan fut un élément déterminant du diagnostic. Les prises en charge de ce symptôme, focalisées sur les soins fondamentaux de la toilette, sont souvent une gageure et échouent. En nous inscrivant dans une démarche pluridisciplinaire, nous tentons de donner du sens aux odeurs corporelles dans la schizophrénie. Notre hypothèse est que les comportements d’hygiène personnelle pourraient être conditionnés par les capacités du système olfactif des patients, sujet tout juste effleuré jusqu’ici. Une épreuve d’identification d’échantillons odorants au moyen d’images photographiques des sources d’odeurs potentielles a été normalisée : le test olfacto-visuel (TOV). L’application du TOV a permis de montrer un défaut des capacités d’identification olfactive chez les patients, sa relation avec la symptomatologie et les compétences sociales des patients. La mise en place d’un atelier thérapeutique à médiation olfactive a conduit à montrer les conséquences bénéfiques de la prise en charge de la sensorialité olfactive sur l’évolution des capacités olfactives, la symptomatologie, les comportements hygiéniques et alimentaires ainsi que sur le vécu affectif des patients atteints de schizophrénie. Ces derniers montrent aussi des dysfonctionnements de la sphère émotionnelle. Nous avons d’abord réanalysé les liens existants entre la caractéristique hédonique des odorants et les émotions dans la population générale, puis repoussé leurs simplifications habituelles. Les liens entre odeurs perçues et émotions évoquées par les échantillons odorants apparaissent perturbés chez les patients. Ce travail de recherche propose une relecture de la perception olfactive dans la schizophrénie et montre l’intérêt thérapeutique de son exploitation. L’évolution clinique positive des comportements d’hygiène personnelle, après la prise en charge olfactive, valide l’hypothèse du rôle de l’odeur corporelle en tant que gardien de l’existence. L’ « être-au-monde odorant » des patients possède une fonction identitaire dans la schizophrénieIn the case of schizophrenia, numerous patients have poor personal hygiene, which is typical of negative symptomatology. This self-neglect engenders offensive body odor which also was in the past a crucial element for the diagnosis. Attempts to address the manifestations of that symptom by focusing on the principles of basic grooming often prove a losing battle and fail. Thanks to an interdisciplinary approach, our endeavor is to try and give meaning to body odor for schizophrenics. Our hypothesis is that personal hygiene behavior could be conditioned by the patients’ olfactory system capacities – a domain which has barely been studied to this day. An olfactory stimuli identification test of potential odor sources via photographic images has been standardized: the olfacto-visual test (OVT). The OVT’s application has permitted to reveal an olfactory identification deficit in the patients, its relation to symptomatology and the patients’ social skills. The setting up of a therapeutic workshop through olfactory mediation has led to show the beneficial consequences of the caring for the sense of smell on the evolution of olfactory skills, symptomatology, hygiene and dietary patterns, as well as on the patients’ emotional life. Patients suffering from schizophrenia also present emotion-management troubles. We have first analyzed the existing links between the hedonic characteristics of odorants and the emotions among the general population anew, and then questioned the usual simplifications about them. The links between perceived odors and emotions produced by the odor samples appeared as blurred for the patients. This research offers a new approach of the olfactory perception in schizophrenia and shows the therapeutic interest of its exploitation. The positive clinical evolution of personal hygiene behavior after the olfactory caring confirms the hypothesis of the role of body odor as a token of existence. The patients’ bad body odor reveals an identity function in schizophrenia
3
DULAY, MARIO FARIN JR. "ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF COGNITION AND COGNITIVE PROCESSING SPEED ON THREE TESTS OF OLFACTION". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116274924.
4
Natalicio, Maria Angelica 1977. "Desenvolvimento e uso de testes olfatórios em estudos com portadores de epilepsia". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254958.
Resumen
Orientador: Maria Aparecida Azevedo Pereira da SilvaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T19:30:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natalicio_MariaAngelica_D.pdf: 1137447 bytes, checksum: bf1a6d401d0100649213c09ece37f7f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Testes sensoriais para a avaliação da função olfatória de indivíduos têm sido validados e utilizados em diagnósticos da população em geral, e em portadores de desordens cerebrais e pesquisas em neurociência em particular. No Brasil, testes para serem utilizados com segurança e eficiência para a avaliação da capacidade de identificação e discriminação de odores de indivíduos ainda não foram adequadamente desenvolvidos e validados. Assim, os objetivos da presente pesquisa foram: i) desenvolver, testar e validar testes de identificação e discriminação de odores para avaliar a função olfatória de indivíduos brasileiros, ii) avaliar a potencialidade das metodologias desenvolvidas para uso em pré-diagnóstico clínico de indivíduos da terceira idade e pacientes portadores de epilepsia, iii) verificar o desempenho, em portadores de epilepsia, de uma metodologia já validada e utilizada mundialmente para avaliar a capacidade de identificação de odores de indivíduos e, iv) avaliar em portadores de epilepsia, funções que são processadas por substratos neurais comuns à função olfatória, neste caso, a capacidade de reconhecimento de emoção facial e vocal. Para o teste de identificação de odores, foi desenvolvido um instrumento intitulado "Pastilhas de Odor¿ contendo em pastilhas individuais, 36 odores familiares aos brasileiros. Os odores foram caracterizados quanto à intensidade, aceitação, pungência, refrescância e familiaridade, sendo considerados adequados para comporem um teste de avaliação da função olfatória. A identificação dos odores de "Pastilhas de Odor¿ foi realizada através de um teste de múltipla escolha contendo quatro alternativas, das quais apenas uma é a correta. Para o desenvolvimento do teste de discriminação de odores, 24 voláteis odoríferos puros (P.A.), associados a 6 diferentes categorias de odor - doce, verde, frutal, cítrico, floral e desagradável - foram selecionados e diluídos em propilenoglicol. Com essas amostras, 36 testes de comparação pareada foram construídos, onde em cada categoria de odor, uma amostra alvo foi selecionada para ser comparada com as demais da mesma categoria. O desempenho de cada indivíduo neste teste é analisado utilizando-se a teoria "signaldetection¿, através dos seguintes parâmetros: taxa de acertos (HR), taxa de falsos alarmes (FR), poder discriminativo (d¿L) e vício de resposta (CL). Os dois testes desenvolvidos - "Pastilhas de Odor¿ e teste de discriminação - foram validados com a participação de três grupos de indivíduos: grupo controle, grupo da terceira idade e grupo de indivíduos portadores de epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT). A capacidade de identificação de odores, de pacientes norte-americanos portadores de ELT foi também avaliada, utilizando-se com esse fim, o teste já validado, denominado "University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test¿ (UPSIT), o qual consiste em um teste de múltipla escolha, composto por 40 estímulos odoríferos microencapsulados. Adicionalmente, avaliou-se nesses pacientes, a capacidade de reconhecimento de emoção facial e vocal, utilizando-se uma nova ferramenta intitulada "Comprehensive Affect Testing System¿ (CATS). Com relação à capacidade de identificação de odores dos indivíduos brasileiros, os resultados obtidos através do teste "Pastilhas de Odor¿ revelaram significância estatística tanto para o efeito "sexo¿ (p=0,0003), como para o efeito "idade¿ (p<0,001). O teste também permitiu identificar que os portadores de ELT, sem cirurgia e após ressecção do lobo temporal, apresentavam menor capacidade de identificação de odores comparativamente ao grupo controle (p= 0,05); este mesmo resultado foi observado ao aplicar o UPSIT em portadores de ELT norte-americanos, antes e após os mesmos terem sido submetidos à mencionada cirurgia. O teste "Pastilhas de Odor¿ mostrou ser de fácil manuseio e aplicação em indivíduos adultos, apresentou alto coeficiente de confiabilidade no teste-reteste (r=0,87, p<0,001) e suas pastilhas apresentaram boa estabilidade ao armazenamento durante 3 meses. Por sua vez, os dados obtidos através do teste de discriminação de odores identificaram que tanto o grupo da terceira idade como o dos portadores de ELT apresentaram poder discriminativo e taxa de acertos inferiores (p=0.05) aos indivíduos do grupo controle. Os resultados obtidos pela aplicação do teste CATS em indivíduos norte-americanos, revelaram que pacientes ELT tanto pré- como póscirúrgicos apresentaram menor reconhecimento de emoção facial e vocal quando comparados com o grupo controle, principalmente para as emoções negativas. O fato dos testes "Pastilhas de Odor¿ e de discriminação de odores desenvolvidos na presente pesquisa terem detectado deficiência olfatória nos indivíduos brasileiros da terceira idade e portadores de epilepsia, constrói validade para a utilização dos mesmos em diagnósticos clínicos associados a essas populações
Abstract: Sensory tests to evaluate olfactory function have been validated and used in the diagnosis of subjects, mainly in brain disorders patients, and in the neuroscience research. In Brazil, reliable tests of odor discrimination and identification have not been appropriately developed and validated. The aims of the present study were: i) to develop, test and validate odor discrimination and identification tests to assess olfactory function of Brazilian population; ii) to evaluate the methodologies performance in the diagnosis of elderly subjects and epilepsy patients. For odor identification test, the developed instrument was entitled "Odor Tablets¿, with 36 different odors familiar to Brazilians; to verify the performance in patients with epilepsy, a methodology previously validated and used worldwide to evaluate the ability to identify odors of individuals, and iv) to evaluate in patients with epilepsy, functions that are processed by common neural substrates for olfactory function, in this case, the ability of recognition of voice and facial emotion. Odors were rated as to their intensity, pleasantness, pungency, coolness and familiarity and they were considered suitable for composing a test to assess olfactory function. "Odor Tablets¿ proceeded through multiple-choice test with four alternatives which only one was correct. For the development of odor discrimination test, 24 pure odorants, associated with six different odor categories ¿ sweet, green, fruity, citric, floral and unpleasant - were selected and diluted in propylene glycol. With these samples, 36 paired comparison tests were constructed, where in each odor category, a target sample was selected to be compared with the others in the same category. The participant¿s performance in the odor discrimination test was analyzed using the "signal-detection" theory through the following parameters: hit rate (HR), false-alarm rate (FR), discrimination measurement (d 'L) and bias response (CL). Both tests, "Odor Tablets¿ and odor discrimination test, were validated with three groups of subjects: control group, elderly group and temporal lobe epilepsy patients group (TLE). The ability to identify odors from North American TLE patients was also measured, using for this purpose, the validated test "University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test" (UPSIT), a multiple choice test consisting of 40 microencapsulated odor stimuli. In addition, the ability of recognition of voice and facial emotion of TLE patients were evaluated using a new tool entitled "Comprehensive Affect Testing System" (CATS). For the subject¿s ability to identify odors, there were significant differences for gender (p=0.0003) and age (p<0.001). Also, for this test, the results showed that pre- and postsurgery epilepsy patients presented lower performance than the control group (p= 0.05); This same result was observed when applying the UPSIT in American TLE patients before and after surgery. "Odor Tablets¿ proved to be easy to administer in adult subjects, showed a high coefficient of the test-retest reliability (r = 0.87, p<0.001), and the tablets presented a storage stability for 3 months. The discrimination test results showed that elderly and epilepsy patient groups presented lower performance in the discrimination measurement and hit rate parameters than the control group. The results obtained using the CATS test in American TLE patients revealed that both pre-and post-surgery showed deficits in the facial and vocal emotions when compared with the control group, especially for negative emotions. The fact that the "Odor Tablets¿ and the discrimination odor test developed in the present study had detected olfactory dysfunction in elderly subjects and epilepsy patients, provides their validity for use in the diagnoses of these population
Doutorado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição
5
Heyanka, Daniel. "Lateralized and Overall Olfactory Identification Ability in Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease". NSUWorks, 2010. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/38.
Resumen
This research involves an examination of the olfactory ability of individuals with Frontotemporal Dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and geriatric individuals with cognitive complaints owing to Major Depressive Disorder or Generalized Anxiety Disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine if olfactory differences were useful in differentiating between demented and non-demented individuals. Due to the pathway of the olfactory tract, it can be expected that there would be equal olfactory deficits in those diagnosed with Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's disease, and that these deficits would be worse than those found in geriatric individuals with Major Depressive Disorder or Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Five hypotheses were investigated. The first utilized an ANCOVA and found that the olfaction of the demented group was worse than that of the non-demented, psychiatric group. The second utilized a series of Discriminant Function Analyses and F-tests and determined that olfaction best classified demented and non-demented individuals. The third implemented a Mixed Model ANOVA to assess for lateralized smell deficits within the demented group and between the demented and non-demented groups and found no main effects of lateralization or interaction effects. The fourth hypothesis investigated the relationship between smell and commonly used neuropsychological tests in a Frontotemporal Dementia sample, and found that there was no difference between the relationship of tests measuring the frontal and temporal lobes to those measuring other cerebral areas. The fifth hypothesis replicated Hypothesis 4 in an Alzheimer's disease sample and found that there was a significant difference between the relationship of tests measuring the frontal and temporal lobes to those measuring other cerebral areas. Primarily, this study demonstrated that dementia patients present with significantly more olfactory deficits than a psychiatric sample with subjective cognitive complaints. Additionally, olfaction correctly distinguished the Dementia Group from the Psychiatric Group with 81.6% accuracy, 90.2% sensitivity and 67.6% specificity. Alone, these classification statistics are quite impressive, appearing equivalent, or possibly superior to the classification statistics of commonly used neuropsychological tests of memory, executive functioning, and visuospatial ability. This study concluded that adding an olfactory measure to an assessment battery provides clinically relevant data, and enhances the diagnostic accuracy of the battery. However, though this study found the Alberta Smell Test was a valuable addition to a test battery, the absence of lateralized findings demonstrated the unirhinal format, by which the Alberta Smell Test is administered, does not provide diagnostically relevant information above and beyond the information a clinician will gain from birhinal assessment.
6
Bastos, Laís Orrico Donnabella 1987. "Adaptação do teste de olfato Sniffin' Sticks para uma população pediátrica brasileira". [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312790.
Resumen
Orientador: Laura Silveira MoriyamaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T18:25:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bastos_LaisOrricoDonnabella_M.pdf: 1963430 bytes, checksum: f359c8dc47c50a57d844495470f82792 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Resumo: A olfação encontra-se comprometida em várias doenças neurodegenerativas no adulto, mas os conhecimentos sobre perda olfativa em crianças são escassos. O teste de 16 odores do Sniffin' Sticks (SS16) é um dos mais utilizados mundialmente para testagem de identificação de cheiros, e já foi validado para adultos no Brasil. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma adaptação do SS16 para a população infantil do Brasil e observar a influência de idade, sexo, rinite, nível socioeconômico e aspectos cognitivos sobre a performance no teste. Adaptações foram realizadas no teste para torná-lo mais familiar ao universo infantil, criando uma versão chamada SS16-Child. Além disso, um teste de identificação de figuras (PIT-SS16-Child) foi utilizado para avaliar aspectos cognitivos relacionados ao SS16-Child, como reconhecimento de figuras, nomeação e familiaridade com os 16 itens do teste. A versão final do teste foi então aplicada em 51 crianças, com idade média de 9.9 anos (variação 3-18 anos, desvio padrão= 4.25). Os dados demonstraram que os 16 odores foram facilmente identificados por crianças acima de 10 anos, e que mesmo para crianças pré-escolares (abaixo de 6 anos), pelo menos 5 itens foram altamente reconhecíveis (acima de 75% de reconhecimento). Não foi demonstrado efeito de sexo, rinite e nível socioeconômico sobre o teste de olfato. Os dados mostraram uma forte associação entre idade e performance no SS16-Child (r²=0.426, p<0.001), além de uma forte associação entre o idade e o resultado do PIT-SS16-Child (r2=0.436, p<0.001), que por sua vez também está associado com o desempenho no SS16-Child (p<0.001, r²=0.741). Análises multivariadas mostraram que o efeito da idade (p<0.05; B=0.171) e desempenho no PIT-SS16-Child (p<0.001; B=1.57) foram independentes quando ajustados estatisticamente um para o outro. Concluímos que o SS16-Child pode ser utilizado com adaptações para a população pediátrica brasileira, e que a interpretação dos resultados deve levar em consideração a idade do sujeito, e também seu desempenho no PIT-SS16-Child
Abstract: Olfaction is impaired in several neurodegenerative diseases in adults, but knowledge about olfactory loss in children is scarce. The 16 odors Sniffin' Sticks test (SS16) is the most widely used test of smell identification worldwide, and has been validated for adults in Brazil. The objective of this study was to adapt the SS16 to the pediatric population in Brazil and to study the influence of age, sex, rhinitis, socioeconomic status and cognitive performance on the test. Adjustments were made in the test to make it more familiar to the child's universe, creating a version called SS16-Child. In addition, a picture identification test (PIT-Child-SS16) was used to evaluate the cognitive aspects involved, including recognition of figures, naming and familiarity with 16 test items. The final version of the test was then applied in 51 children with a mean age of 9.9 years (range 3-18 years, standard deviation= 4.25). The data showed that the 16 odors were easily identified by children over 10 years, and even for preschool children (under 6 years) at least 5 items were highly recognizable (over 75% recognition). No effects of sex, rhinitis and socioeconomic status on the smell test were observed. The data showed a strong association between age and performance in SS16-Child (r²=0.426, p<0.001), and a strong association between age and the result of the PIT-SS16-Child (r2=0.436, p<0.001), which in turn was also associated with performance on the SS16-Child (p<0.001, r²=0.741). Multivariate analysis showed that the effect of age (p<0.05; B=0.171) and performance in the PIT-SS16-Child (p<0.001; B=1.57) were statistically independent when adjusted to one another. We conclude that the SS16-Child can be used with adaptations for the Brazilian pediatric population, and the interpretation of results must take into account the age of the subject, and also their performance in the PIT-SS16-Child
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestra em Ciências Médicas
7
Sörensen, Ida. "Meerkats (Suricata suricatta) are able to detect hidden food using olfactory cues". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-151238.
Resumen
Meerkats are known to strongly rely on chemical communication in social contexts. However, little is known about their use of the sense of smell in food detection and selection. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess whether meerkats are able to (1) detect hidden food using olfactory cues, (2) distinguish the odour of real food from a single food odour component, and (3) build an association between the odour of real food and a novel odour. I employed the buried food test, widely used with rodents to assess basic olfactory abilities, designed to take advantage of the propensity of meerkats to dig. I found that the meerkats were clearly able to find all four food types tested (mouse, chicken, mealworm, banana) using olfactory cues alone and that they successfully discriminated between the odour of real food and a food odour component. In both tasks, the animals dug in the food-bearing corner of the test arena as the first one significantly more often than in the other three corners, suggesting development of an efficient foraging strategy. No significant association-building between a food odour and a novel odour was found within the 60 trials performed per animal. I conclude that meerkats are able to use olfactory cues when foraging and that their sense of smell is well-adapted for recognizing specific odours of behavioural relevance. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first study to successfully employ the buried food test with a carnivore species.
8
Fornazieri, Marco Aurelio. "Validação do teste de identificação do olfato da Universidade da Pensilvânia (UPSIT) para Brasileiros". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-10032014-090524/.
Resumen
INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar da fundamental importância da olfação para avaliação dos sabores dos alimentos ingeridos, percepção de vazamento de gases e de incêndios, sua avaliação clínica ainda não se encontra padronizada no Brasil. O Teste de Identificação do Olfato da Universidade da Pensilvânia (UPSIT) é um teste mundialmente utilizado e considerado por muitos como o padrão-ouro da avaliação olfatória. Originalmente em inglês, já foi traduzido para mais de 12 línguas. Esse trabalho se propôs a validar de forma inédita o UPSIT para outra cultura. O UPSIT versão em português foi validado para a população brasileira e tabelas normativas foram elaboradas para comparação do escore obtido segundo o sexo e idade do indivíduo. Secundariamente, procurou-se os fatores preditores de um melhor escore no teste. CASUÍSTICA E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado de dezembro de 2011 a agosto de 2012. A amostra utilizada foi não-probabilística por quotas e constituída por indivíduos presentes em uma instituição de atendimento público (Poupatempo São Paulo), de forma consecutiva, sem queixas olfatórias no dia do exame. Foi determinada a quota de 60 brasileiros(as) em cada faixa etária de cada sexo, a saber: 20-24, 25-30, 31-34, 35-40, 41-44, 45-50, 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79 e >= 80 anos. Após responderem questionário referente a dados demográficos e critérios de inclusão e exclusão do estudo, fizeram o UPSIT 782 indivíduos do sexo masculino e 796 do sexo feminino. Nos pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos foi realizado o Mini Exame do Estado Mental e se excluíram aqueles pacientes com escore inferior a 24 pontos pela possibilidade de quadro demencial. A versão do UPSIT aplicada nesse estudo foi resultado de dois estudos prévios para melhorar a aplicabilidade desse teste para a população brasileira. RESULTADOS: 1820 voluntários participaram do estudo, 1578 foram incluídos nas tabelas normativas. 242 foram excluídos no dia da entrevista por estarem com infecção das vias aéreas superiores, terem história de trauma crânio-encefálico, queixa de perda de olfato ou paladar e um escore menor de 24 no Mini Exame do Estado Mental. Verificou-se que entre os 1578 indivíduos analisados, o escore de UPSIT variou de 9 a 40, obtendo-se escore médio de 32,1 (desvio padrão: 5,3) e escore mediano igual a 33. Pela análise univariada (p < 0,01) e multivariada - regressão linear múltipla- (p < 0,05), observou-se que a idade, sexo, número de anos de estudo e renda mensal da família influíram no escore do teste. CONCLUSÕES: O UPSIT está agora validado para utilização na população brasileira. Disponibilizou-se tabelas normativas para avaliação olfatória e um modo rápido de obtê-las. Fatores de correção são necessários para uma perfeita equivalência entre as normas de todos os continentes, utilizando como padrão-ouro as normas do país onde a versão original do teste foi desenvolvida. Pior status econômico e educacional interferem negativamente na performance olfatóriaINTRODUCTION: Despite the fundamental importance of olfaction to assess the flavors of food, perception of gas leakage and fire, its clinical evaluation is not yet standardized in Brazil. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test of the (UPSIT) is a test used worldwide and considered by many as the gold standard of olfactory assessment. Originally in English, it has been translated into more than 12 languages. This study aimed to validate the UPSIT for another culture in a novel form. The portuguese version of UPSIT Portuguese version was validated for the Brazilian population and normative tables were prepared to compare the score obtained by sex and age of the individual. Secondarily, we sought the predictors of a better score on the test. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted from December 2011 to August 2012. The sample used was a non-probabilistic by quotas and consisted of individuals present in a public service institution (Poupatempo São Paulo), consecutively, without olfactory complaints on exam day. We determined the quota of 60 Brazilians in each age group for each sex, as follows: 20-24, 25-30, 31-34, 35-40, 41-44, 45-50, 50-54, 55 -59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79 and >= 80 years. After answering a questionnaire about demographics and inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, 782 males and 796 females did the UPSIT. In patients aged over 65 years was held the Mini Mental State Examination and excluded those patients with a score less than 24 points for the possibility of dementia. The version of the UPSIT applied in this study was the result of two previous studies to enhance the applicability of this test for the Brazilian population. RESULTS: 1820 volunteers participated in the study, 1578 were included in the normative tables. 242 were excluded on the day of the interview for being with upper airway infection, having an history of head trauma, complaining of smell or taste losses and a score below 24 on the Mini Mental State Examination. It was found that among the 1578 subjects analyzed, the UPSIT scores ranged from 9 to 40, yielding a mean score of 32.1 (SD: 5.3) and a median 33. By univariate analysis (p < 0.01) and multivariate analysis - multiple linear regression-(p < 0.05), it was observed that the age, sex, years of schooling and family monthly income influenced the test scores. CONCLUSIONS: UPSIT is now validated for use in the Brazilian population. Normative tables for olfactory assessment and a fast way to obtain them were demonstrated. Correction factors are needed for a perfect equivalence between norms of all continents, using as gold standard norms of the country where the original version of the test was developed. Worse economic and educational status interfered negatively in olfactory performance
9
Bryche, Bertrand. "Caractérisation des défenses immunitaires de la muqueuse olfactive, porte d’entrée de virus vers le système nerveux central". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA024.
Resumen
Le système nerveux central est isolé de l’environnement grâce à un ensemble de barrières, incluant la barrière osseuse et la barrière hémato-encéphalique. Il existe cependant des zones où ces barrières sont absentes ou affaiblies, et c’est notamment le cas au niveau des nerfs olfactifs qui ont pour origine les neurones présents dans la cavité nasale. Ces neurones participent à la détection des odeurs et leurs axones contactent directement le système nerveux central au niveau des bulbes olfactifs en traversant la lame criblée de l’éthmoïde. Cette « voie olfactive » représente ainsi un site d’entrée privilégié de certains pathogènes vers le cerveau. La muqueuse olfactive, du fait de son positionnement à l’interface entre l’environnement et le système nerveux central, constitue donc une zone particulièrement sensible sur le plan immunologique. Si cette muqueuse est connue pour produire des composants antimicrobiens, les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires mobilisés dans le cadre d’infections par des pathogènes respiratoires restent peu décrits.Au cours de ma thèse, nous nous sommes tout d’abord focalisés sur l’interleukine 17c, connue comme puissant médiateur des réponses immunitaires innées épithéliales respiratoires et dont les récepteurs sont exprimés dans la muqueuse olfactive. Nous avons notamment pu montrer qu’elle était mobilisée in vivo dans un contexte mimant une infection virale et qu’elle favorisait le renouvellement épithélial ainsi que l’infiltration de cellules immunitaires. En voulant caractériser son action dans un contexte viral, nous avons été amenés à étudier les effets de deux virus respiratoires sur la muqueuse olfactive (le virus influenza et le virus respiratoire syncytial). Nous avons observé que les deux virus pouvaient infecter efficacement les neurones sensoriels olfactifs, mais avec une charge virale plus élevée pour influenza. A dose équivalente, le virus de la grippe provoque d'importants dégâts dans la muqueuse olfactive mais ne s’établit pas durablement dans la muqueuse, ce qui suggère que ce virus est éliminé très efficacement et rapidement. En nous focalisant sur les processus d'élimination des neurones sensoriels olfactifs infectés, nous avons identifié un nouveau mécanisme antiviral précoce basé sur l'élastase, une enzyme précédemment décrite comme sécrétée par les neutrophiles, principaux acteurs du système immunitaire inné.Dans l’ensemble, ces travaux de thèse mettent en lumière les défenses immunitaires présentes dans la cavité nasale contre les virus respiratoires et apportent de nouvelles perspectives dans le contrôle des virus infectant le système nerveux central par la voie olfactiveThe central nervous system is sheltered from the environment thanks to cranial bones and the blood brain barrier. Some parts of these barriers are weaker, especially around olfactory nerves originating from olfactory sensory neurons in the nasal cavity. These neurons detect odorants and their axons cross the cribriform plate to project directly into the brain at the level of the olfactory bulbs. The cribriform plate is a thin and perforated area of the cranial bones allowing the crossing of the olfactory nerves. This “olfactory pathway” constitutes a privileged entry site for viruses toward the central nervous system. Hence, the olfactory mucosa represents a particularly sensitive area for the immune system. While the olfactory mucosa is known to produce various anti-microbial compounds, the described molecular and cellular mechanism of immune system defenses against viruses remains sparse.The interleukin 17c (IL-17c) is known as an innate immunity response actor in the respiratory epithelium. While its receptors are expressed in the olfactory mucosa, its role in this tissue was unknown. We found that IL-17c is involved in olfactory mucosa responses to Poly(I:C) mimicking virus presence. We observed that nasal instillation of IL-17c accelerated the olfactory mucosa turn-over and induced its infiltration by immune cells. In attempt to characterize the role of IL-17c in a real viral context, we started to focus on the impact of two viruses of the respiratory tract: influenza and the respiratory syncytial virus. We observed that both viruses could effectively infect olfactory sensory neurons but with a higher virus load for influenza. Indeed, at similar doses, influenza induced important damages in the olfactory mucosa but was not present, indicating that influenza virus is very effectively and rapidly eliminated from the olfactory mucosa. By focusing on the elimination processes of infected olfactory sensory neurons, we identified a novel early anti-viral mechanism based on elastase, an enzyme previously described as secreted by neutrophils, main actors of the innate immunity system.Overall, my PhD results provide new insights on the immune defenses present in the olfactory mucosa against respiratory viruses and could bring new perspectives in the control of virus infecting the central nervous system
10
Daucé, Bruno. "La diffusion de senteurs d'ambiance dans un lieu commercial : intérêts et tests des effets sur le comportement". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600735.
Resumen
Face à une concurrence de plus en plus vive, les professionnels se soucient de plus en plus de l'ambiance de leurs magasins. Leur intérêt se porte aujourd'hui sur la dimension olfactive de l'atmosphère. Notre objectif fut de vérifier l'intérêt de cette variable et de tester l'influence que pouvait avoir la diffusion de senteurs d'ambiance sur les réponses émotionnelles, cognitives et comportementales de clientes interrogées au sein d'un magasin de prêt-à-porter féminin. Dans une première partie, nous avons réalisé une revue de littérature qui nous a permis de revenir sur le concept de lieu. Nous avons proposé d'en distinguer trois types ainsi que trois atmosphères. Ensuite, nous avons examiné les contributions de la psychologie environnementale à l'étude de la relation individu-environnement. Enfin, nous avons confronté les mythes généralement associés aux odeurs aux connaissances scientifiques acquises sur leur perception et leur influence. La seconde partie de notre travail fut consacrée au test de l'impact de la diffusion de senteurs d'ambiance au sein d'un magasin de prêt-à-porter féminin. Nous avons adopté une approche positive basée sur le paradigme SOR. Une première étude, menée auprès de 253 femmes, a permis de sélectionner deux senteurs. Ensuite, les effets de la diffusion de ces deux senteurs furent examinés au cours d'une étude portant sur un échantillon de 230 femmes. Afin de tester les hypothèses formulées, nous avons eu recours à des analyses de variance ainsi qu'à des méthodes avancées (équations structurelles et tests non paramétriques). Cela nous a permis de vérifier l'influence que pouvait avoir la diffusion de senteurs sur les réponses affectives (dimension plaisir), cognitives (évaluation du temps écoulé...) et comportementales (temps de présence). Enfin, nous avons étudié la médiation des réponses affectives et la modération des variables âge et fumeur (équations structurelles). Enfin, différentes recommandations managériales ont été faites.
Libros sobre el tema "Test olfactif":
1
Reinarz, Jonathan. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252034947.003.0001.
Resumen
This introductory chapter considers the place of scent in sense history and its emergence in more recent literature. In addition, the chapter looks at the myriad ways of smelling, as olfaction has been lately regarded as one of the most delicate chemical tests we possess. Moreover, although to some extent smell remains a mystery, the chapter emphasizes that scents have always been an integral part of peoples' lives, possessing distinctive and often shared meanings. For example, odor has been intimately associated with notions of identity. Although denigrated and regarded with suspicion, smell was relied upon by members of European society whenever other forms of knowledge were less forthcoming.
2
Fain, Gordon L. Sensory Transduction. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835028.001.0001.
Resumen
Sensory Transduction provides a thorough and easily accessible introduction to the mechanisms that each of the different kinds of sensory receptor cell uses to convert a sensory stimulus into an electrical response. Beginning with an introduction to methods of experimentation, sensory specializations, ion channels, and G-protein cascades, it provides up-to-date reviews of all of the major senses, including touch, hearing, olfaction, taste, photoreception, and the “extra” senses of thermoreception, electroreception, and magnetoreception. By bringing mechanisms of all of the senses together into a coherent treatment, it facilitates comparison of ion channels, metabotropic effector molecules, second messengers, and other components of signal pathways that are common themes in the physiology of the different sense organs. With its many clear illustrations and easily assimilated exposition, it provides an ideal introduction to current research for the professional in neuroscience, as well as a text for an advanced undergraduate or graduate-level course on sensory physiology.
Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Test olfactif":
1
Matsumoto, Toshihide, Kazuaki Nonaka, Tetsuro Ogata y Minoru Nakata. "Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) Taste Test in Various Ethnic Groups in China". En Olfaction and Taste XI, 313. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68355-1_121.
2
Saiki, Katsunori, Osamu Fukazawa, Hideyo Asaka y Sadayuki Takagi. "T&T Olfactometer for Standardized Olfactory Test and Its Uses". En Olfaction and Taste XI, 340. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68355-1_140.
3
Noseda, Ana Carolina Duarte y Marcelo M. S. Lima. "Olfaction and Melatonin: The Use of the Olfactory Discrimination Test". En Melatonin, 425–32. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2593-4_41.
4
Altawell, Najib. "Tests and training". En Introduction to Machine Olfaction Devices, 159–97. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822420-5.00013-1.
5
Pincus, Jonathan H. y Gary J. Tucker. "Clinical Evaluation". En Behavioral Neurology, 249–68. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195137811.003.0007.
Resumen
Abstract The history and examination of patients suspected of having brain disease are not standard. They vary from patient to patient depending on the presenting complaint. If every function that could be assessed were examined in every patient, each evaluation would require at least a full day. Testing all sensory modalities, including olfaction, hearing, vision, taste, and somatosensory functions as well as the interpretation of and memory of sensory stimuli, speech, numerical calculation, cerebellar function, and each cranial nerve might be excessive in a young woman with many years of typical migraine headaches, for example. The history, appearance, and behavior of the patient indicate which functions are appropriate to test. Patients with disorders of behavior and thought must have a thorough examination of the functions that are mediated in the cerebral hemispheres.
6
Calderón-Garcidueñas, Lilian, Antonieta Mora-Tiscareño, Maricela Franco-Lira, Hongtu Zhu, Zhaohua Lu, Edelmira Solorio, Ricardo Torres-Jardón y Amedeo D’Angiulli. "Decreases in Short Term Memory, IQ, and Altered Brain Metabolic Ratios in Urban Apolipoprotein ε4 Children Exposed to Air Pollution". En Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aiad210019.
Resumen
Children’s urban air pollution exposures result in systemic and brain inflammation and the early hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the most prevalent genetic risk for AD. We assessed whether APOE in healthy children modulates cognition, olfaction, and metabolic brain indices. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R) and the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test were administered to 50 Mexico City Metropolitan Area children (13.4 ± 4.8 years, 28 APOE ε3 and 22 APOE ε4). N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), choline (Cho)/Cr, myo-inositol (mI)/Cr, and NAA/mI were calculated using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the white matter of the frontal and parietal lobes, hippocampus, and pons. APOE ε4 versus ε3 children had a reduced NAA/Cr ratio in the right frontal white matter and decrements on attention, short-term memory, and below-average scores in Verbal and Full Scale IQ (>10 points). APOE modulated the group effects between WISC-R and left frontal and parietal white matter, and hippocampus metabolites. Soap was the predominantly failed odor in urban children and, in APOE ε4 versus ε3 carriers, strongly correlated with left hippocampus mI/Cr ratio. APOE modulates responses to air pollution in the developing brain. APOE ε4 carriers could have a higher risk of developing early AD if they reside in a polluted environment. APOE, cognition, and olfaction testing and targeted magnetic resonance spectroscopy may contribute to the assessment of urban children and their results could provide new paths toward the unprecedented opportunity for early neuroprotection and AD prevention.
7
Tang, Hongfang, Weibin Ding y Xi Zhu. "Research and Design of Wearable Olfactory Displays". En Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia231467.
Resumen
Olfaction is considered an important sensory modality in the next generation of Virtual Reality (VR) systems. As devices that control the generation and delivery of odors, olfactory displays enable people to smell real scents in virtual environments. Current challenges faced by olfactory displays include a lack of previous research, the bulk and weight of equipment, demands of wearing invasive devices, and limited varieties of scents storage, etc. This study focuses on making olfactory displays more wearable and on increasing the variety of scents stored in them. The prototype of such device has been built and to evaluate the performance and user experience of it, relevant tests were conducted. The results indicate that the convenient wearable olfactory display developed by the team can provide olfactory perception in virtual environments and satisfies users’ requirements on both wearing comfort and olfactory experience.
8
Masayuki, Karaki, Kobayashi Eiji, Touge Tetsuo y Mori Nozomu. "Evaluation of Olfactory Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy". En Advances in Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 293–302. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2113-8.ch030.
Resumen
Hyposmia, psychiatric disorders, and cognitive problems are common non-motor manifestations of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but how they are related to the progression of PD remains unclear. Olfactory dysfunction, which is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease, is considered to be an early manifestation of this disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in measuring olfaction in PD patients and to establish the cortical basis of olfactory function in PD patients. This study was conducted on 9 healthy normosmic volunteers and 24 patients with PD. The authors employed a 22-channel NIRS device with eight light-incident fibers and seven light-detection fibers and placed fibers every 2.5 cm on the forehead of volunteers. Isovaleric acid was used as the odor stimulant. The authors measured the changes in total hemoglobin (tHb) concentration from baseline values and compared the results obtained from healthy normosmic volunteers with those from PD patients. PD patients had higher scores in the subjective olfactory test and smaller changes in tHb concentrations compared with normal volunteers. In particular, no changes in tHb concentration were detected in patients with the awareness of the sense of smell disorder.
9
"(GE/m**3). According to this definition one odour unit is the amount of odorants in one cubic meter of air at odour thres hold level. The new definition is a real concentration and gives a better form of input parameter for dispersion models. On the basis of guideline VDI 3881 parts 1, 2, and 3 ringtests were carried out with different odorants. The results can be summerized as follows: -The dispersion of results varies and depends on the compo sition of the participants and on problems of sampling and preparation of odorous sample. Lower dispersion is obtained when results with obvious errors in application of guide lines or with large deviations from mean value are excluded. -Participants of the Netherlands get systematically lower threshold values than the others. The reason has to be investigated. -All findings of the ringtests lead to the conclusion that it is possible to determine odour thresholds which do not differ by more than factor 10. At present another ringtest is in preparation. This test will be carried out in summer 1985. The French collegues will also participate in this test. Experience of all ringtests will be reported in part 4 of guideline VDI 3881. Guideline VDI 3882 deals with the determination of odour intensity and hedonic tone. The members of the working group "odorous substances" assume that odour threshold and odour concentration are insufficient for the characterization of odorous perception. They recommend to judge the odour inten sity and the hedonic tone by category estimation. Moreover, it is their opinion that the odour determination with olfacto meters is not suitable to assess odour in ambient air. There fore they are preparing two guidelines dealing with these problems. Guideline VDI 3883 gives instructions on the regis tration of nuisance by interviews with nearby residents of emitting plants or inhabitants of industrial areas. Addition ally guideline VDI 3940 describes the determination of odour in ambient air by inspection panels based on the following idea: During constant conditions as to the class of weather, wind speed, and wind direction each local point is charac terized by a frequency of odour perception representing the probability to perceive an odour. The situation at a local point will be have to determine the portion of a year with a frequency of odorous perception greater than 5 % in a random test. Both guidelines, VDI 3882 and 3940, should give corres ponding results. Guideline VDI 3781 part 5 completes the complex of odour determination and judgement with the calculation of disper sion models. The calculation methode and odour determination by panelists should give comparable results. The following summery can be given. Odour measurements with olfactometers is only a small part of the whole field of odour determination in ambient air and the measurement of odour nuisance must be approached in the near future with appropriate urgency." En Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming, 76–94. CRC Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286311-30.
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Test olfactif":
1
Perera, A., F. Röck, I. Montoliu, U. Weimar, S. Marco, Matteo Pardo y Giorgio Sberveglieri. "Total solvent amount and human panel test predictions using gas sensor fast chromatography and multivariate linear and non-linear processing". En OLFACTION AND ELECTRONIC NOSE: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3156620.
2
Rodríguez, Juan C., Cristhian M. Duran, Adriana X. Reyes, Matteo Pardo y Giorgio Sberveglieri. "Electronic Nose for Quality Control of Colombian Coffee Through the Detection of Defects in “Cup Tests”". En OLFACTION AND ELECTRONIC NOSE: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3156580.