Tesis: "Territorialization of public action"

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Allard, Aude. "La planification environnementale, entre archétype et prototype des mutations du droit public". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2023/interne/2023UPASH011.pdf.

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Encensée par le discours politique récent, la planification environnementale est une pratique que mobilise le droit de l'environnement depuis la fin des années 1960. Elle prend généralement la forme de plans, cartes ou schémas chargés d'organiser - à moyen ou long terme - la sauvegarde du milieu naturel et de ses ressources, la protection du paysage ou encore la prévention des risques et des nuisances. Ces « documents de planification » constituent aujourd'hui une part importante de l'action publique en matière d'environnement.En dépit de cette omniprésence, sur la scène politique autant que dans le droit, la planification environnementale se présente comme un objet aux contours juridiques flous, dont la place et le rôle au sein des politiques publiques demeurent mal définis. De manière primordiale, c'est donc la définition d'une grille de lecture permettant d'en comprendre les enjeux fondamentaux que propose cette thèse : au-delà de l'identification des dénominateurs communs à l'ensemble des documents d'environnement, la présente recherche s'attache à inscrire la planification environnementale dans son milieu non seulement politico-juridique, mais aussi historique, social et économique.C'est par le biais de cet exercice de contextualisation qu'il est possible de dépasser les éventuelles critiques dont peut faire l'objet son utilisation contemporaine, pour replacer la planification environnementale au cœur des mutations du droit public. Au prisme d'une analyse transversale - qui nécessite de se placer au carrefour du droit de l'environnement, du droit administratif, du droit des collectivités territoriales tout comme de la science administrative et de l'économie -, il apparaît qu'elle reflète les tensions, les défis, mais aussi les paradoxes, qui traversent les collectivités publiques depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale : à la fois prototype et archétype des évolutions contemporaines du droit public, la planification environnementale peut être lue comme le réceptacle des mutations juridiques entamées dans la France des Trente Glorieuses, mais également comme le laboratoire des transformations institutionnelles et juridiques qui caractérisent une France qui doit gérer des crises économiques, sociales et, désormais, écologiques
Praised by recent political discourse, environmental planning is a practice that has been used in environmental law since the late 1960s. It generally takes the form of plans, maps or schemes responsible for organizing - in the medium or long run - the protection of the natural environment and its resources, the protection of the landscape or the prevention of risks and nuisances. Today, these "planning documents" constitute an important part of public action in environmental matters.Despite this omnipresence, on the political scene as much as in law, environmental planning is an object with vague legal contours, whose place and role within public policies remain poorly defined. This thesis therefore proposes the definition of a reading grid that will allow to understand the fundamental issues at stake: beyond the identification of the common denominators of all environmental documents, this research endeavors to place environmental planning in its political and legal environment, as well as in its historical, social and economic context.It is through this contextualization exercise that it becomes possible to go beyond the possible criticisms of its contemporary use, and to place environmental planning at the heart of the changes in public law. Through a cross-cutting analysis - which requires to place the focus at the crossroads of environmental law, administrative law, local government law, as well as administrative science and economics - it appears that it reflects the tensions, the challenges, but also the paradoxes, that have been present in public authorities since the end of the Second World War: both a prototype and an archetype of contemporary developments in public law, environmental planning can be read as the receptacle of the legal changes begun in France during the “Trente Glorieuses”, but also as a laboratory for the institutional and legal transformations that characterize France, which must manage economic, social, and now ecological crises

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Rancon, Sidonie. "Les territoires en mouvement de l'action publique éducative : imaginaire social, pratiques et identités pédagogiques : exploration dans les méandres de la réforme des rythmes scolaires (2013-2017)". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2073.

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Cette recherche a porté sur le « temps » de la mise en oeuvre d’une réforme éducative : la réforme des rythmes scolaires dans les écoles primaires françaises (décret du 24 janvier 2013) et des projets éducatifs de territoire qui lui sont associés. Elle visait à engager une réflexion sur les transformations ou « changements » promus au titre de la mise en oeuvre de ces projets, considérant ainsi une version encore peu étudiée du système éducatif, l’action publique locale. « Changements » que nous avons cherché à interroger du point de vue des orientations (le « pour quoi et pour qui ») de la réforme, des contenus et des pratiques éducatives tels qu’ils sont mis en place par ces projets (le « quoi »). Mais aussi par l’analyse des modalités, moyens, processus à l’oeuvre dans les différents espaces de leur production (le « comment »). Quels sont les acteurs qui en sont à l’initiative ? Qui intervient dans le cadre du déploiement de ces projets sur les terrains nationaux, locaux et internationaux ? Et, finalement, quel est le public visé par cette réforme (« pour qui » est-elle mise en oeuvre) ? Qu’entendent résoudre, part là, leurs promoteurs et leurs fabricants et comment ?
This research focused on the "time" of the implementation of an educational reform: the reform of school rhythms in French primary schools (decree of 24 January 2013) and the associated territorial educational projects. It aimed to initiate a reflection on the transformations or "changes" promoted as part of the implementation of these projects, thus considering a version of the education system that has not yet been studied : local public action. We have sought to question the "Changes" from the point of view of the orientations (the "for what and for whom") of the reform, the contents and the educational practices as they are implemented by these projects (the "what"). But also by analysing the modalities, means and processes at work in the different spaces of their production (the "how"). Who are the actors who are at the initiative ? Who is involved in the deployment of these projects on national, local and international sites ? And, finally, who is the target audience for this reform ("for whom" is it being implemented) ? What do their promoters and manufacturers intend to solve and how ?

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Caillaud, Kévin. "Vers une gouvernance territoriale de l'environnement ? : analyse comparée des politiques départementales de gestion de l'eau destinée à la consommation humaine et des déchets municipaux". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990135.

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Quarante ans de politiques publiques d'environnement ont profondément modifié la gestion de l'eau et des déchets. Beaucoup de choses ont changé : le référentiel gestionnaire n'est plus le même, la législation s'est renforcée, les enjeux territoriaux se sont recomposés, les modalités et l'échelle d'intervention publique ont été remodelées... En un mot, l'action publique territoriale s'est recomposée. Progressivement, les acteurs territoriaux ont inventé de nouvelles formes d'organisation, eu égard aux conditions et aux problématiques spécifiques de leurs territoires. Quelle(s) forme(s) ces recompositions peuvent-elles prendre ? Et selon quelle(s) trajectoire(s) ? Existe-t-il des invariants ? Qui pilote ces dynamiques territoriales et quelle place occupent les collectivités ? L'objectif de la thèse est de mettre en lumière l'existence d'une variété de formes d'organisation territoriale dédiées à la gestion de l'eau potable et des déchets municipaux, à partir d'une entrée " services publics ". Par le biais de monographies départementales, la thèse met à l'épreuve de la réalité du terrain les résultats d'une importante revue de littérature. Cela permet ainsi de mettre en exergue la force des coalitions d'acteurs et le jeu structurant entre Conseils Généraux et pôles urbains dans ces trajectoires de recomposition, ou encore l'existence d'un phénomène d'hybridation des modes de régulation influençant les trajectoires départementales. Enfin, en croisant la littérature spécifique à l'action publique et la grille d'analyse développée, la thèse propose de contribuer au lexique analytique de ce domaine d'étude.

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Ninnin, Justine. "Sortir des favelas de Rio de Janeiro d'une situation d'exception : sécurisation et territorialisation de l'action publique : l'exemple de Rocinha et de Vigidal". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010682.

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En tant que ville-hôte de la Coupe du Monde de Football en 2014 et des Jeux Olympiques en 2016, la municipalité de Rio de Janeiro tente de répondre aux attentes internationales concernant les enjeux de planification urbaine et de sécurité. Au cœur des actions publiques se trouvent des espaces longtemps considérés comme un « problème urbain » : les favelas. Malgré plusieurs tentatives d’éradication durant la dictature militaire, principalement dans les zones aisées de la ville, elles se sont multipliées et font aujourd’hui l’objet de politiques de sécurisation et d’urbanisation. Pour plus d’efficacité, les politiques publiques se territorialisent, favorisent les partenariats public-privé et la participation de la société civile. Il s’agit de faire sortir les favelas d’une situation d’exception en y introduisant les normes et les aménités urbaines similaires aux quartiers formels (infrastructures, équipements, services, etc.). Avec des taux de criminalité très élevés, la sécurité est un défi posé à la ville. Aussi, depuis 2008, une nouvelle politique de sécurité a été mise en place : la pacification, visant à reprendre le contrôle des territoires dominés par des groupes criminels et à améliorer les rapports entre la population et les policiers en mettant en place une occupation permanente par des Unités de Police de Pacification (UPP). Si les conditions de vie dans les favelas s’améliorent, ces nouvelles actions publiques affichent toutefois des résultats contrastés : la recrudescence de confrontations entre policiers et trafiquants dans certaines favelas pacifiées a contribué à renforcer le sentiment d’insécurité des habitants. De plus, le processus de valorisation, voire de gentrification, observé dans certaines favelas pacifiées offrirait à la fois de nouvelles opportunités aux habitants, mais, face à l’augmentation des prix, certains sont contraints à déménager. Plus généralement, l’accélération des transformations urbaines dans le contexte des méga-événements peut bouleverser l’organisation socio-spatiale de la ville (déplacements de population, travaux d’infrastructure de transport, construction d’équipements sportifs, etc.). En s’intéressant plus spécifiquement à deux favelas récemment pacifiées, Rocinha et Vidigal, situées à proximité des quartiers les plus aisés et touristiques de Rio de Janeiro, nous cherchons à mettre en lumière les transformations socio-spatiales et les effets des actions publiques territorialisées
As host city of the FIFA World Cup in 2014 and Olympic Games in 2016, municipality of Rio de Janeiro seeks to respond to international expectations in terms of urban planning and security. Favelas, which have often been considered as an « urban problem », are at the heart of the public actions. Despite several eradication attempts during the military dictatorship, especially in wealthy areas of the city, the favelas have increased and are now subject of security and urbanization policies. For efficiency, public policies are rethought in a territorialised way, reinforcing public-private partnerships and the participation of the civil society. It pretends to remove the favelas of a situation of exception by introducing standards and urban amenities similar to formal neighborhoods (infrastructure, equipment, services, etc.). With very high crime rates, security is a challenge for the city. In 2008, the Public Security Secretariat of the State of Rio de Janeiro developed the so-called “pacification” policy, aiming at regaining control of the territories dominated by criminal groups, and at improving relations between the population and the police force, with the establishment of permanent Police Pacification Units (UPP). If the living conditions in the favelas are improving, these new public actions, however, show contrasted results : a new outbreak of confrontations in pacified favelas, between traffickers and police officers has contributed to reinforcing the feeling of insecurity of favelas residents. Moreover, valuation process and even gentrification, observed in some pacified favelas open up new opportunities to residents, but because of the price increase some of them are forced to move away. More generally, acceleration of urban transformations in the context of mega-events could modify the socio- spatial organization of the city (population displacements; transport infrastructure works, sports facilities construction, etc.). Focusing more specifically on two recently pacified favelas, Rocinha and Vidigal, located near wealthiest and most tourist areas of Rio de Janeiro, we seek to highlight the socio- spatial transformations and the effects of territorialised public actions
Como cidade-sede da Copa do Mundo FIFA em 2014 e dos Jogos Olímpicos em 2016, a municipalidade do Rio de Janeiro procura atender as expectativas internacionais em termos de planejamento urbano e de segurança. No centro das ações publicas se encontram áreas que foram consideradas durante muito tempo como um " problema urbano " : as favelas. Apesar de várias tentativas de erradicação na época da ditadura, especialmente nas áreas mais ricas da cidade, elas multiplicaram-se e são agora objeto de políticas de segurança e urbanização. Para mais eficiência, as políticas públicas se territorializam, e promovem parcerias público-privadas e a participação da sociedade civil. Trata-se da saída das favelas duma situação de exceção através da introdução de normas e amenidades urbanas semelhantes aos bairros formais (infra-estruturas, equipamentos, serviços, etc.). Com índices de criminalidade muito altos, a segurança é um desafio para a cidade. Assim, desde 2008, uma nova política de segurança está sendo implantada : a pacificação, para tentar recuperar territórios dominados por grupos criminosos e melhorar as relações entre a população e a polícia através de uma ocupação permanente das Unidades de Polícia Pacificadora (UPP). Se as condições de vida nas favelas estão melhorando, essas novas ações públicas, no entanto, mostram resultados contrastados : o aumento de confrontos entre a polícia e traficantes em algumas favelas pacificadas contribuiu para reforçar o sentimento de insegurança dos moradores. Além disso, o processo de valorização até mesmo de gentrificação, observado em algumas favelas pacificadas iria oferecer novas oportunidades para alguns moradores, mas por causa do aumento dos preços, algums deles têm que se remover. Dum modo mais geral, as accelerações das transformações urbanas no contexto dos mega-eventos pode modificar a organização sócio-espacial da cidade (remoções, obras de infra-estrutura de transporte, construção de instalações esportivas, etc.). Centrando-se mais especificamente em duas favelas recentemente pacificadas, Rocinha e Vidigal, localizadas perto das áreas mais ricas e turísticas do Rio de Janeiro, procuramos destacar as transformações sócio-espaciais e os efeitos das ações públicas territorializadas

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England, Marcia Rae. "CITIZENS ON PATROL: COMMUNITY POLICING AND THE TERRITORIALIZATION OF PUBLIC SPACE IN SEATTLE, WASHINGTON". Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2006. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukygeog2006d00386/England.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2006.
Title from document title page (viewed on March 2, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains : viii, 227 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-225).

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Merelli, Giulia. "(In)Visible Presence: Narratives of inclusion and exclusion in a Milanese public space". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21533.

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Urban public space is arguably far from the pacified, freely accessible, democratic space which Western normative literature proposes. It is a site of contention, where different interests, norms and perceptions over appropriate uses and presence come into conflict. The visual is a relevant dimension to understand this process: in fact, claims to space by people with a visible migratory background are often problematized by the media and often responded to with securitization practices. This study contributes to gain insight into spatial practices and the manner in which visibility and invisibility are experienced and strategically influenced by Othered subjects in Piazza Duca D´Aosta, a Milanese square. The result is a case study on the paradoxical meanings that are associated with re-territorialization practices in public space, on a continuum between domestication and detachment, as well as an exploration of the complex relation between visibility as an experience and a practice.

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Isett, Kimberly Roussin. "Collective action in interorganizational networks". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280664.

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Mental Health service provision organizations have strong professional norms of cooperation, which exert pressures on organizational actors to integrate and coordinate services to better, serve clients. Pressures to integrate services sometimes run counter to the funding mechanisms employed in delivery systems. This is especially true for managed care. This study examined whether integration increased or decreased as a result of the introduction of risk-based managed care in one community. Data were collected at two points in time, 1996 and 1999, in order to assess changes in services integration over time. Survey instruments and field interviews were employed to collect the relevant data. Standard network analysis techniques and simple content analysis were used for the analysis. The theoretical portion of this dissertation sought to determine which set of literature better described what occurred in a normatively cooperative network with competitive, managed care incentives. I reviewed literature in organization theory, common pool resources, and mental health to support a cooperative view of mental healthcare delivery, and reviewed principal-agent theory and managed care to support a non-cooperative view of mental healthcare delivery. I found that despite the competitive incentives introduced into the mental health delivery network, integration increased over a three-year period. Integration was measured using network measures such as density, degree centrality, cliques, core provider analysis, and blockmodels. The network findings were further supported by the qualitative analysis performed on the interview data. The latter part of the dissertation develops a model that explains collective action in interorganizational networks. It draws upon the organizational theory literature by describing the determinants necessary for network formation and using the concepts of communication, norms, time, and context. The common pool resource literature contributes a diagnosis stage to the model that assists in explaining how networks change and develop desirable characteristics over time, while supplementing the OT literature's perspective on communication, context, and time. I also suggest ways in which this dissertation contributes to practice, focusing on the systems design of mental health delivery systems.

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Wauchope, Liz y n/a. "An affirmation action continuum". University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 1987. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.171449.

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The development of affirmative action strategies designed to achieve equal employment opportunity has been studied along six dimensions of functioning within four separate organisations. Three of these organisations were participants in the Federal Government's Affirmative Action Pilot Program in 1984/5, and one was not. It has been shown that change occurred in a continuous developmental sequence, here called an "Affirmative Action Continuum", within each of these six dimensions over the period of study, with each organisation following a similar sequence of movement. Exceptions occurred where an organisation made no movement at all, or where one or more of the sequential processes was omitted or displaced, in a dimension. The reasons for some of these exceptions, and some of their consequences for later action, have been explored. It has been shown that simultaneous activity occurred across several, dimensions, so that no organisation acted upon only one dimension in isolation from all others. There was some chronological sequencing between dimensions. The indicators of movement along the Affirmative Action Continuum within each dimension were used to describe the change process in each organisation. These indicators proved to be useful both in this regard, and in placing each organisation an the Affirmative Action Continuum in each dimension at two different points in time. In this way, the indicators' usefulness was shown to generalise to four very different institutions, thus suggesting applicability beyond the bounds of this particular study. It is intended that the results of this dissertation, and in particular the model of the Affirmative Action Continuum and the indicators described in Chapter Two, be used by Equal Employment Opportunity practitioners to facilitate their decision making about sequencing of activities designed to achieve equal employment oppportunity.

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Myoli, Vuyiseka Marly. "An evaluation of affirmative action in public sector". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/14190.

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The South African public service has been undergoing fundamental transformation since 1994. The new government has had to build a democratic, inclusive and responsive public sector to the extent that the last two decades have witnessed the most dramatic shifts in public reform. After 1994, the public sector had to be transformed so that it could be representative of the nation’s racial composition, caters for the needs of all citizens irrespective of their racial, ethnic, gender, sexual persuasion and orientation. The government agenda of reconstructing and developing a democratic state depends on the willingness, capabilities and patriotism of the public service. As part of its transformation agenda, the government had to introduce policies that were focusing on promoting affirmative action and employment equity. Through this policy and other related employment equity measures, the South African public sector had to be transformed in terms of racial and gender representivity. This study assesses and evaluates whether the policies and legislation that were geared towards the transformation and democratization of public sector have yielded positive or negative results. By way of a literature review and comparative analysis, this study examines the objectives of affirmative action and analyses the approaches that have been taken since the adoption of this policy in the workplace. It looks at public sector and argues that there are still flaws relating to the implementation of affirmative action in public sector. The extent to which affirmative action programs attempt to implement affirmative action differs if South Africa and the United States of America can be taken as examples. The study considers some of the challenges faced by the new South African government in transforming public sector and interrogates the courts’ application and interpretation of affirmative action legislation. It concludes with recommendations that could be put in place in order to position affirmative action policies in line with the objectives of the South African Constitution, labour laws and American approach where the policy was adopted from.

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Davis, Gloria-Jeanne Halinski Ronald S. Lynn Mary Ann. "Affirmative action implementation in Illinois public state universities". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1986. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p8626589.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1986.
Title from title page screen, viewed July 14, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Ronald S. Halinski, Mary Ann Lynn (co-chairs), Charles E. Morris, Jeanne B. Morris, Thomas W. Nelson. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-93) and abstract. Also available in print.

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Manning, Roy C. "Affirmative action : the continuing controversial debate". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 1998. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/41.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies

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Catenazzi, Andrea Claudia. "Redes técnicas metropolitanas y acción pública local. La territorialización de la gestión del agua en el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires durante la concesión de Aguas Argentinas. 1993 – 2006". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA030.

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La concession des services d'eau et assainissement gérée par l'entreprise privée Aguas Argentinas S. A. entre 1993 et 2006 a fait l’objet de nombreuses études et recherches qui ont mis l'accent sur la dynamique des privatisations menées en Argentine dans les années quatre-vingt-dix. Cependant, bien qu’il s'agisse d'une période de changements dans la gestion des services urbains, la concession a mis en lumière certaines constantes qui structurent la relation entre les réseaux métropolitains et l'action publique locale. Cette recherche est basée sur les interactions entre les réseaux techniques et les territoires. L’analyse met tout particulièrement l’accent sur les continuités et les ruptures des opérations du concessionnaire dans l'aire métropolitaine de Buenos Aires. L’objectif de cette thèse est de répondre à ce questionnement à travers une analyse comparée des scénarios d'interaction entre la gestion centralisée des réseaux et l'action publique locale dans trois communes en aval du bassin du fleuve Reconquista: General San Martín, San Fernando et Tigre. Ces études de cas mettent en évidence, dans des contextes hétérogènes, la versatilité d'Aguas Argentinas face aux capacités de l'action publique locale pour mettre en œuvre la concession avec un certain degré d'autonomie. Une lecture transversale de ces spécificités locales révèle également la construction de processus de regroupement d'intérêts communs entre les différentes communes. Ce double mouvement d'autonomie et d'association, permet de mieux éclairer les oscillations entre le public et le privé, le sectoriel et le territorial, ainsi qu’entre le local et le central qui se développent selon un processus de territorialisation croissante dans l'accès aux services des eaux et assainissement
The concession of water and sewerage, operated by the private company Aguas Argentinas between 1993 and 2006, was subject of numerous researches which emphasized the dynamics of privatization led in Argentina, in the nineties. However, although this was a turning point in the management of urban services, the concession revealed some constants that structured the relationship between metropolitan networks and local public action.This research examines the interactions between the technical networks and the territories. The analysis focuses on the continuities and ruptures of the operation of the concessionaire in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires. In order to answer that enquiry, this thesis develops an analysis compared by the interaction scenarios between centralized network management and local public action in three municipalities -General San Martin, San Fernando and Tigre- that form part of the lower basin of the Reconquista River.These cases studies highlight the versatility of Aguas Argentinas, in very heterogeneous contexts against different capabilities from the local public action to implement the concession with some degree of autonomy. Also, a cross reading of these local variations reveals the construction of the strategies of aggregation of interests between municipalities. This double movement, of autonomy and association, allows to illuminate the oscillations between the public and the private, the sectorial and the territorial, the local and the central (national and global), which take place in a process of increasing territorialization of access to water services and sewerage
El ciclo de la concesión de los servicios de agua y desagüe cloacal, operada por la empresa privada Aguas Argentinas entre 1993 y 2006, fue objeto de numerosos estudios que la asociaron con la dinámica de las privatizaciones, propias de la década del noventa en Argentina. No obstante, si bien se trató de un momento de cambio en la gestión de los servicios urbanos, la concesión fue al mismo tiempo reveladora de algunas regularidades que estructuraban la relación entre las redes metropolitanas y la acción política local. Esta tesis se propone examinar las relaciones de mutua transformación que se establecen entre las redes técnicas y los territorios, centrando el análisis en las continuidades y rupturas que resultan de la formas de operar de la empresa concesionaria en el área metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Para dar cuenta de esa problemática, se efectúa un análisis comparado de los escenarios de interacción que se dirimen entre la gestión centralizada de las redes y la acción pública local en tres municipios -General San Martín, San Fernando y Tigre- que forman parte de la cuenca baja del río Reconquista. Los casos de estudio ponen en evidencia, en contextos heterogéneos, la versatilidad de la actuación de Aguas Argentinas frente a las capacidades de la acción pública local para implementar la concesión con cierto grado de autonomía. Una lectura transversal de esas variaciones locales revela asimismo, la construcción de procesos de agregación de intereses entre los municipios. Este doble movimiento, de autonomía y asociación, permite iluminar las oscilaciones entre lo público y lo privado, lo sectorial y lo territorial, lo local y lo central que se juegan en la creciente territorialización del acceso a los servicios de agua y desagüe cloacal

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13

El, Gharbi Abderrahmane. "Action des entreprises publiques sur les produits agricoles". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA111011.

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Fast, Stewart. "Public Opinion and Communicative Action Around Renewable Energy Projects". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24297.

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This thesis investigates how rural communities negotiate the development of renewable energy projects. Public and local community acceptance of these new technologies in rural areas around the world is uncertain and spatially uneven and represents an area of emerging public policy interest and one where scholarly theory is rapidly developing. This thesis uses Habermasian concepts of public sphere, communicative action and deliberative democracy, as well as the concept of “wicked problems” from the planning studies literature combined with geographical concepts of place and scale to advance theoretical and empirical understanding of how public opinion on renewable energy technologies is formed in place. It documents energy use patterns, attitudes and sociopolitical relations at a time when considerable state and business efforts are directed at the construction of solar, wind, biomass and small-hydro technologies in rural regions. These concepts and theories are applied in a case study of rural communities in the Eastern Ontario Highlands, an impoverished area undergoing rapid restructuring driven by centralization of services and amenity migration but with abundant natural resources in form of forests, numerous waterways and open space which have attracted a broad range of new energy developments. Overall high levels of support for alternative energy development particularly for solar power were found, albeit for reasons of local energy security and not for reasons of preventing climate change. There was some evidence that seasonal residents are less supportive of hydro and biomass projects than permanent residents possibly reflecting broader trends in rural economies away from productive uses of land to consumptive appreciation of rural landscapes. The thesis suggests that collective action to advance energy projects in the case study area require agreement along three world-claims (truth, rightness and truthfulness) and that communication leading to discourse which uncovers hitherto hidden reasons for action is possible. These findings offer rare empirical evidence of the predictions of deliberative democratic theory in environmental planning settings. However, multiple barriers to communicative action were also identified and there is evidence that the state’s reliance on market incentives may have long term costs in terms of diminished public reasoning around renewable energy.

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15

Skalko, Brodie-Ann. "Industrial action in Western Australia's public sector essential services". Thesis, Skalko, Brodie-Ann (2022) Industrial action in Western Australia's public sector essential services. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2022. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/65685/.

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Workers in essential services professions protect the safety, health or welfare of a community. Any disruption to the operation of essential services can mean that communities are unable to function effectively. For this reason, additional complications arise when people working in essential fields look to take industrial action. This thesis reflects on the often-competing interests of protecting essential service workers’ liberty to take industrial action (or right to strike) while upholding the life, safety, health or welfare of the community. The purpose of this thesis is to consider whether essential service workers in Western Australia’s Public Sector have sufficient freedom to access their right to strike; or if legislation is overly restrictive in this regard. Secondary purposes to this thesis include consideration of whether Australia’s Federal industrial relations system is more facilitative than Western Australia’s industrial relations system for essential service workers taking industrial action, and, whether some essential service professions should have greater limitations than others when taking industrial action. These issues will be addressed in light of the industrial situation for professions such as policing, teaching, firefighting and nursing. A macro assessment of the historical and present approaches to industrial action taken by essential service professions in Western Australia and Australia will be presented. The macro assessment suggests that industrial actions by core essential services is rarely taken, and, when done, it is reactive and the outcome of sustained frustrations over pay and working conditions. A comparative analysis of Australia’s compliance with international labour obligations on this issue highlights several shortcomings in Western Australia’s labour laws. These shortcomings mean that there is a need for Western Australia to enhance its proactive dispute resolution mechanisms to facilitate better access to the right to strike, and to bring domestic laws into better compliance with international obligations.

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16

Eketone, Anaru D. y anaru eketone@stonebow otago ac nz. "Tapuwae: waka as a vehicle for community action". University of Otago. Department of Social Work and Community Development, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070501.134015.

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Waka have a special place in the heart of many Maaori. The waka that brought the ancestors of the Maaori to Aotearoa and Te Waipounamu are valued symbols of identity, both culturally and metaphorically. With the effects of colonisation the use of waka as a means of transport disappeared leaving it to re-emerge in the 20th century as a symbol of the revitalisation of Maaori society. Through the construction of waka-taua, ocean going waka and the emergence of waka-ama as a sport, Maaori have endeavoured to reclaim their association to the seas and waterways of New Zealand. This research is a case study of Tupuwae, a kaupapa Maaori injury prevention project using traditional Maaori concepts regarding waka and applying it to a contemporary context. Tapuwae have used this attachment of Maaori to different forms of waka to associate the message of not drinking and driving using purpose-built waka-ama in the southern part of Te Waipounamu. This research identifies some of the wider outcomes that come from a kaupapa Maaori project, but, more importantly it identifies some of the processes that are important in implementing such a project by Maaori living in Otago, outside their tribal boundaries. This research also raises questions about the theoretical underpinnings of kaupapa Maaori theory and argues that there are two threads to this approach, one from a critical theory informed approach and the other from a native theory approach. Key words:Waka, Community Action, Community Development, Kaupapa Maaori, Maaori Development, Maaori Advancement, Native Theory.

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17

Offenbacker, Beth S. "Inclusive Management in Action: An International Study of Public Engagement". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28276.

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The purpose of this study is to define and apply an engagement framework built upon Inclusive Management theory to examine the practice of participation as understood by administrators, elected officials, NGO leaders and public participation practitioners across multiple countries and to illustrate the framework through three case studies. Specifically, it asks how does Inclusive Management guide us in understanding participation as practiced by managers/leaders with responsibility for this work? It also considers the potential connections between management and participation as demonstrated in the data, and further, it seeks to identify how IM as a theory may be enriched or empirically elaborated as a result of this examination. This research examines the observation of phenomena identified by study participants ordinarily not considered a consequence of efforts that engage the public. Using inclusive management theory, the resulting engagement framework includes clusters of outcomes, continuous events and capacity-building as its core elements. The framework shows inclusive management in action and offers a different way of knowing (Feldman, Khademian, Ingram, & Schneider, 2006; Gomez, Bouty, & Drucker-Godard, 2003; Nicolini, Gherardi, & Yanow, 2003) participation in government decision making than generally is depicted in the public participation literature or characterized anecdotally. The engagement framework also corresponds in several ways to the techniques of dialogue, deliberation and appreciative inquiry. As the data will demonstrate in this dissertation, the engagement framework may draw upon these techniques, and moreover, that the relational, informational and stewardship dimensions of engagement reinforce one another. This dissertation also addresses a longstanding gap in the participation literature, in that it provides strategies that connect management theory and practice with participatory principles.
Ph. D.

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18

Garcelon, Janelle. "Fair Equality of Opportunity: Reconceiving Affirmative Action through a Rawlsian Lens". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1046.

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This paper examines common and past applications of affirmative action, including arguments for and against the application; presents John Rawls’ theory of justice, and proposes a framework using Rawls’ theory for future applications of affirmative action. The proposal relieves heavily on the principle of fair equality of opportunity, both as an indicator for when using affirmative action is appropriate as well as a tool to help identify the people that affirmative action programs should target. Using this framework, the public education system is identified as a sector of society that fails to provide fair equality of opportunity for all citizens, and an example of how the Rawlsian conception of affirmative action should be used in practice to help address the inequalities and help restore equality of opportunity within the public education system is given. Objections to affirmative action, both in general and more specifically tailored to the model proposed in this paper, are raised and responded to. This paper comes to the conclusion that affirmative action programs, when targeted towards individuals who are denied fair equality of opportunity and have low rates of social mobility, will help create a more just society.

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19

Goliday, Angelique M. "Identifying the relationship between network governance and community action program participation". ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/799.

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The relevant literature consistently suggests that understanding citizen participation in community action programs is needed to maximize network governance efforts. Yet, there is no empirical evidence demonstrating a relationship between levels of network governance (NG) and citizen participation rates. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which levels of NG is correlated with levels of citizen participation in community action agency (CAA) programs, and whether variations in NG or variations over time in average income level is more strongly related to participation. The research was guided by the integrative model of democracy, which emphasizes citizen participation and is seen in Moynihan's theory of self-governance through community action agencies. The study utilized a secondary analysis of data retrieved from on state's Department of Development website. Participation rates of 10 state CAA programs were drawn from these public records and correlated with number of collaborative NG partnerships and mean state income levels over a 5-year period (2004-2008). Pearson's r tests indicated that number of network partnerships was positively correlated with participation in 8 out of 10 CAA programs including workforce development, education, housing, transportation, medical and food assistance, financial management, and maximum feasible participation programs. Participation in medical and food assistance programs was not related to partnerships. Additionally, variations in average income level were not correlated with program participation. The findings can contribute to positive social change by informing new NG practices to maximize collaborative community efforts to increase community participation, thereby possibly increasing self-sufficiency and reducing poverty.

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20

Crosson, Scott Brady. "Exclusive group formation as a collective action problem /". Connect to title online (ProQuest) Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10451.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-95). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

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21

Tuya, John Mayani. "Unlocking the revolutionary potential of Kenya's constitutional right to fair administrative action". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28151.

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One of the remarkable features of the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 is its explicit recognition in Article 47 of the right to fair administrative action as a fundamental right in the bill of rights and the replacement of parliamentary sovereignty with constitutional supremacy. These aspects of the 2010 Constitution sought to effect broad revolutionary changes to Kenya's administrative justice jurisprudence, which was previously premised in large part on the common law. The constitutional right to fair administrative action has been further elaborated in the Fair Administrative Action Act, 2015 (FAAA), which gives content to the grounds for judicial review and outlines the relevant procedure. But despite this, Kenyan courts have in most cases failed to give meaningful effect to the revolutionary potential of Article 47. In such cases, courts often revert to the limited and outmoded options under the common law, thereby disregarding the broader and more flexible pathways to judicial review of administrative action available under the 2010 Constitution. The main question to be addressed is: whether the revolutionary potential of Article 47 of the 2010 Constitution has been realized in Kenyan law and practice; and if so, how does Kenya's administrative law jurisprudence compare with that in Malawi and South Africa, comparable jurisdictions where the right to administrative justice has similarly been constitutionalized. The central argument to be made in this study is that considerable scope exists for unlocking the revolutionary potential of Article 47 by way of: i) clarifying the meaning of 'administrative action' and the new grounds for judicial review; ii) elaborating how common law-based judicial review relates with Article 47 and provisions of FAAA; and iii) articulating the horizontal effect of Article 47. Using a comparative law approach, the case is made that much can be gained by examining the best practices from jurisdictions, like South Africa, with more progressive jurisprudence that can be adopted in those, like Kenya and Malawi, which still experience problems in giving meaningful effect to the right to fair administrative action.

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22

Leung, Cheuk-Hang. "Educating for deliberative citizenship : public reason, political morality and civic action". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020740/.

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This project seeks to give a normative account of citizenship education in the context of deliberative democracy. Within the framework of reasonable pluralism. civic life is not as ethically minimal as many liberals think. I will argue that liberal democracy needs to incorporate the idea of deliberative democracy in order to achieve its aspiration for the teaching and learning of active and reciprocal citizens within the framework of reasonable pluralism. Ethical traits. dispositions, and characters are essential liberal vi11ues to bring about a flourishing liberal democratic life. Using the conception of deliberative democracy, I theorize an ethically robust conception of the political person for liberal citizenship education that could accommodate the ideas of public reason, political morality and civic action. In so doing, I propose a framework of citizenship as reasonableness by reformulating Rawls's political liberalism and supplementing it with Dewey’s Pragmatism - especially his ideas of human intelligence. freedom as individuality and cooperative inquiry. As such, liberal democratic citizenship could be attentive to civic duties. active civic participation, and cultivation of liberal virtues. This framework also demonstrates an authentic understanding of liberal democratic polity as an ethical project of cooperative living and fulfills the inherent requirements of liberal theory, both in terms of articulating an ethically robust conception of the political person as well as accommodating moral difference in a diverse society. In addition, the educative feature of public deliberation suggests that reasonable citizens could thoroughly internalize public reason and political morality through practising deliberative civic action. Through the lens of deliberative democracy, this project aims to advocate a thick conception of citizenship education for contemporary liberalism in order to address the theorization of the civic self and the moral demands of liberal democratic citizenship.

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23

D'ADDA, GIOVANNA. "Fostering collective action: three artefactual experiments on local public good provision". Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4054258.

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Stiver, Dustin Cory. "Catalyzing Collective Action| A Grounded Theory of Network Leadership". Thesis, Eastern University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10603631.

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Networks are the connective tissue tying together individuals and organizations working toward shared aims. Increasingly, communities are adopting network-based strategies to collaboratively contend with society’s most vexing challenges and create lasting community change. This often occurs when addressing problems that are more complex and entangled than any one individual or organization can tackle on their own, such as education reform, affordable housing, or income inequality.

Individuals who assume leadership roles within networks—the researcher refers to these people as network leaders—must identify effective strategies to activate network members and unlock agency within stakeholders to empower them to contribute to a shared mission. This study specifically focused on research subjects who were professionally engaged as network leaders, and sought to uncover characteristics that network leaders exhibit and strategies that network leaders employ when performing their unique role.

The findings of this Constructivist Grounded Theory study center around the primary research question: How do network leaders catalyze collective action? The theory of network leadership proposed herein is derived from data collected from 27 network leaders. The model creates a framework for understanding the phenomenon of network leadership. The Phases and Critical Tasks of network leadership are moderated by the Network Leadership Core Engagement Process and the Network Culture, which is in turn influenced by the Characteristics of the Network Leader Profile and collaboratively developed Network Agreements . The theoretical model is grounded in the data and designed to be an accessible framework for understanding how network leaders catalyze collective action.

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25

Munsch, Catherine. ""Action humanitaire et droit international public" Etude des incidences de l'action humanitaire sur le droit international public". Tours, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOUR1003.

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Le formidable essor de l'action humanitaire, qu'elle soit le fait d'organisations privées, mais aussi celui des états et des organisations internationales, a induit une interprétation renouvelée des principes fondamentaux du droit international. En premier lieu, l'action humanitaire a contribue à une relecture du dogme de la souveraineté. L'humanitaire a véritablement innove dans le domaine de l'aménagement territorial de la souveraineté. Ce réaménagement ne vaut cependant que dans le cadre des hostilités (zones de sécurité) ensuite, l'aide a altère la portée du principe de non-intervention : le consentement doit s'analyser comme une compétence liée dans les cas de catastrophes naturelles et anthropiques. Enfin, les opérations militaro-humanitaires ont permis le recours aux armes, théoriquement prohibe au titre de l'article 2 § 4 de la charte de San Francisco (OMP et interventions étatiques sur habilitation onusienne). Surtout, l'action humanitaire a amorce de nouvelles règles de conduite des relations internationales. Tout d'abord, l'aide humanitaire a facilite la résorption des conflits et renforce l'obligation de faire respecter le droit humanitaire (réfugiés, déplacés et minorités). Ensuite, l'humanitaire a œuvré en faveur de la survie des populations (exceptions humanitaires aux sanctions de la communauté internationale, prévention du génocide) enfin, si la notion de "droit d'ingérence humanitaire" ne s'appuie sur aucun fondement légal, en revanche les notions d'aide, d'assistance, d'intervention humanitaires répondent à des normes précises dont la violation pourrait être sanctionnée (génocide, crimes de guerre contre l'humanité).

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26

Cowell, Gillian. "Curating places : civic action, civic learning, and the construction of public spaces". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/13062.

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This research involves understanding the civic learning that emerged from the ways individuals in two civic action groups, Greenhill Historical Society (GHS) in Bonnybridge, a deindustrialised location, and Cumbernauld Village Action for the Community (CVAC) in Cumbernauld Village, a Conservation Area, enacted their citizenship through the spatial (geographical) and temporal (historical) characteristics of their place. I use a citizenship-as-practice conceptualisation, where citizenship is not a status ‘given’ to individuals who have successfully displayed pre-requisite outcomes, but is a continuous and indeterminate practice through exposure to real challenges. To understand the learning occurring for, from and through their practices, I used Biesta’s theory of civic learning (Biesta, 2011). It involves a socialisation conception of civic learning as the adoption of existing civic identities, where individuals adapt to a given political order, and a subjectification conception which focuses on how political agency is achieved. The theory connects learning and action together, where Biesta argues socialisation involves the individual requiring to learn something in order to carry out the ‘correct’ actions in the future; however, subjectification involves action preceding learning, where learning comes second, if at all. I used a case study design and a psychogeographic mapping methodology involving secondary data analysis, psychogeographic mapping interviews and observations. Civic action emerged as a more central component than civic learning through my empirical analysis. The civic actions of GHS emerged as a case of reconsideration (redefining, re-meaning their location through interventions in public), and CVAC of reconfiguration (actions physically altering the landscape). These actions concerning space and time involved spatial shifts from mapreading to mapmaking, and temporal shifts from histories ‘of’ and ‘for’ the public, towards histories ‘by’ the public. Respondents became ‘curators’ of their places: from spectators to participants in making and representing spaces and histories that opened their locations to interruptions of the continuities of time. Attending to practices of citizens with space and time contains possibilities for public pedagogies that work ‘with’ context rather than just ‘in’, towards opening up opportunities for citizens to ‘become public’ as practices that trouble pre-existing arrangements and configurations.

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27

Begg, Clive. "The 'third way' in action : inclusion at a cost /". [St Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://adt.library.uq.edu.au/public/adt-QU20030422.111511/index.html.

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28

Cherry, N. L. y n. cherry@netspace net au. "Developing reflective practice". RMIT University. Management, 1995. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090512.103243.

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This study explores how reflection upon oneself and one's own behaviour assists people - and, in particular, managers - to develop. Reflective techniques are examined in the context of action-learning (Revans, 1980 and Marsick, 1992) and are argued to be a powerful means of creating self-understanding, which in turn creates opportunities for self-directed personal change. Reflective techniques are also examined as a means of developing the personal craft or praxis of those who try to assist the development of managers, and as a technique for use in action research (Lewin, 1946) and the development of collective knowledge. Schon's (1987) concept of the 'reflective practitioner' provided a major theoretical foundation for this work. The study employed action research and action learning methodologies. The researcher spent six years honing her understanding and application of reflective techniques in assisting the development of managers. She also applied self-reflection to the development of her own praxis over that time. One result of the study has been the enhancement of the practical, reflection-based techniques used by the writer to facilitate the development of managers - and more importantly, offered to them to facilitate their own continuing development. Hopefully, these techniques will be of value to other practitioners in this field. A second outcome has been the review and refinement of some of the theoretical constructs used by this writer and other practitioners and theorists which help to describe and explain the phenomenon of reflection-based behavioural change. A third outcome has been the documentation of a case-study in the application of reflective techniques to the development of personal praxis, tracking the integration of conceptual understanding and technique. Chapter 1 provides an overview of the rationale, scope, methodology and outcomes of this study. Chapter 2 explores reflection as a technique for research and the development of collective knowledge, and incorporates a review of the relevant literature. Chapters 3 and 5 examine reflection as a tool for learning, drawing on the literature and tracking the development of the researcher's own understanding. Chapter 4 describes how the researcher learned to use reflective learning techniques when working with others and follows the gradual integration of her understanding with her practice. Chapter 6 summarises and reflects upon both the processes and the outcomes of the research.

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29

Gibson, Graeme y n/a. "The Landcare and Environment Action Program for unemployed young people in the A.C.T. : enhancing self-concept, learning and teaching for the environment : an action research study". University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060711.163933.

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Youth unemployment and environmental degradation are two critical issues facing Australia today. This action research study concerns learning and teaching with participants in a government labour market program which was established to address these two issues. The study was based on three cycles of action research with six groups of participants. The main objective of the research evolved to consider whether critical thinking and action learning can enhance self-concept and environmental education for unemployed young people. The research provides a positive response to this problem, although certain limitations are noted. Conclusions are drawn in five areas. Three of these are from the first cycle of action research. These relate to environmental attitudes, knowledge and action; approaches to environmental education and learning; and the impact of unemployment, peer pressure and mass culture. Two conclusions are drawn from the second cycle of action research. These relate to the integration of action learning and critical thinking strategies into the learning and teaching; and the individual participants' life history and prior knowledge and experience of environmental issues. Recommendations are made concerning professional development and support for staff working in the area, and the planning and implementation of programs. The major recommendation is for the integration, where appropriate, of integrated critical thinking and action learning strategies, through all aspects of the training and project work. This recommendation draws on evidence from a number of areas where these approaches are shown to be beneficial. These include the potential for emancipation and improved selfconcept, and the contribution to environmental education.

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30

Simpson, Jacqueline Christine Coon. "Affirmative Action and Self Esteem: An Exploratory Analysis using Attribution Theory". W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625781.

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31

Christie, Elizabeth y elizabeth christie@unisa edu au. "Explosions in the Narrative: Action films with Lacan". Flinders University. Screen Studies, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20071121.092301.

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Since the late seventies, the violence, speed and spectacle associated with the genres of war films, Westerns and the spectacular melodramas of early cinema have developed into a distinct genre of its own the action film. With the development of the stylistic language at the core of this generic universe came derogatory generalisations and a tendency to categorise simplistically. To overcome these simplifications, this thesis explores the shifts in generic language to distinguish its subtleties and complexities of logic. Overwhelmingly the genre is considered masculine, but the purpose of this thesis is to explore the logic of this masculinity and analyse the effect of the feminine upon it. Beginning with overviews of the theoretical attempts to grasp the concept of genre that focus primarily on the limitations of the view of their having distinct boundaries, the theory that genre theory has failed is investigated. Leaving this view of boundaries through an exploration of symbolic universes that have translucent boundaries, the filmic movement of genre passes back and forth through the theoretical frameworks. The intention is not to analyse the overall concept of genre, but to focus on the symbolic universe and the language intrinsic to action films. The rules of action cannot be simply transposed onto other generic categories but stand-alone. Genre theory does not fail if approached from a perspective of discourse analysis focusing on the development of symbolic universes. Using Jacques Lacans theory of the four discourses, and focusing primarily on the oppositions of the Masters and the Analysts discourse, the question moves from the listing of conventions as the markers of the boundaries of genre, to exploring why the combination of certain conventions and signifiers coming together created the genre. Through Lacanian discourse analysis it becomes apparent that the generally acknowledged logic of masculine and feminine are limited. The masculine is the norm that appears to need no explanation, but the feminine has transgressed the norm and shown the construction of fantasy inherent in the genre. This has led to post-action films that are ambiguous both in their generic structure and symbolic language.

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32

Jonas, Julia. "Service thinking = Service action? : Service thinking in a public transport network surrounding". Thesis, Karlstad University, Service Research Center, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1147.

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Service thinking and the transition from a product-logic-perspective to a process-perspective are catchwords in current management research (e.g. Grönroos 2000, Kowalksowski 2006, Söderström 2003, Stremersch et al. 2001, Oliva & Kallenberg 2003, Lele 1986) While the product-logic is based on value distribution via the transition of a ready-made product or service, the service-process logic focuses on value-in-use that is created together with the customer. (Grönroos 2007) In the current service management view, value creation is regarded as the result of exchange with network partners in the perception of the customer (Normann & Ramirez 1998). This is why service thinking includes that a company seeks for co-operation with suppliers and customers through activated relationships, networks (Syson & Perks 2004).

Coming from a product-delivery-perspective on doing business can challenge a service provider to adapt to a service-process view. Legally and historically founded prerequisites, as well as for example corporate culture and financial resources, can be obstacles on the way to a service-process business approach. The purpose of this study is to gain insight into how these obstacles influence the possibility of a service operator to adapt to the service logic with customer- and supplier-interaction.

To gain deeper insight into the service thinking of a company in a network environment, a qualitative single case study on the public transport organisation “County Transport” has been used. Based on three personal interviews and literature study, this case explores how a public service organisation deals with its service mission. It also identifies and describes hinders on the way to a service logic approach.

The organisation of County Transport was found to be steered a lot on the basis of numbers and material parts of the service offering such as the bus itself and different support tools on the busses. County Transport follows the rules of the Public Procurement Act which gives the public transport operation a contract framework of a tendering based choice of operators for the time of 8-10 years. The relationship between County Transport and its operator “The Operator” can be seen as comparatively secure relationship without an introduction phase in which trust and adaptations to each other can be developed. With this quite formal relationship under economic pressure it was found that the cooperation between The PTA of County Transport and The Operator was worse than desired. Especially the influence of the brut contract on tender basis seemed to be hindering a good cooperation in a long-term perspective. It might be that a steering by costs and numbers on one side does not help to create a value-creating relationship based on adaptations and soft factors on the other side.

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33

St, Denis Lise Ann. "Emergency Responders as Inventors| An Action Research Examination of Public Information Work". Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3743703.

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The development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has expanded the ways that people communicate and share information with one another. In the context of disaster, this has disrupted and reshaped the nature of the communication of emergency information and public participation in the emergency response process itself. Members of the public have been much quicker at adapting and improvising solutions in this new communication ecology than emergency response organizations. This difference in adoption reflects key differences in the formal constraints and responsibilities faced by emergency responders in comparison to the ability in the public sphere to improvise and organize more fluidly. My research focuses on the design and ongoing development of sociotechnical solutions within a community of emergency responders interested in integrating social media into emergency response practices. I look at both the solutions emerging across this community and the sociotechnical arrangements that support ongoing communication and the evolution of new ideas in a continual process of invention. My research spans four years, starting with an initial case study and progressing over time into a collaborative role that leverages my skills and knowledge of crisis informatics in the joint exploration of data analysis strategies and communication strategies.

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34

Gorn, Cathy. "Achieving “comfortableness”: Private action and public educational policy in Cleveland, 1962-1974". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056139040.

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Kotzambasis, Zoey Lynn. "Effects of Information Source on Public Opinion: Gun Control & Affirmative Action". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579256.

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Public opinion and the various aspects that can influence opinion and therefore political behavior are invaluable resources in the American political system. The ways in which individuals perceive, process, and understand information is vital to how voters behave on Election Day, which is why understanding how individual opinion, and subsequently public opinion can be affected by information sources is essential. Understanding how to influence the perceived credibility of a particular source of information is a powerful tool in influencing public opinion and the democratic process. In order to gain a thorough understanding of some of the ways in which information sources can influence public opinion, a survey experiment was conducted in the Spring of 2015 at the University of Arizona to examine the effect of an author's demographic characteristics on his or her perceived credibility, and therefore, public opinion with regard to gun control and affirmative action.

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36

Garzia, Eleonora. "Action, subjectivation, autonomie : le cas exemplaire du contre-espace public de Bure". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7209.

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Cette thèse analyse un mouvement d'opposition, qui, à travers une action antagoniste et conflictuelle, produit son agir et son « sens » de l'action. L'enjeu principal consiste à observer le phénomène de Bure à partir de l'agir et des visions du monde des acteurs, notamment à partir de membres de « la commune de Bure » qui s'opposent à la construction de Cigéo, le projet français d'enfouissement des déchets nucléaires. L'étude, qui s'efforce d'analyser les représentations et les pratiques qui alimentent tant objectivement que subjectivement l'action des individus, s'appuie sur une enquête qualitative fondée sur l'observation participante et sur des entretiens compréhensifs. A cet égard, il s'agit de comprendre l'agir des acteurs à travers leur activité réflexive et subjective, mais aussi leur activité « concrète » observée, en se focalisant sur le sens qu'ils donnent à leurs actions et les éléments qui les poussent à la mobilisation. A Bure, la peur et la menace de la construction d'un centre d'enfouissement ont poussé les individus à se rassembler autour d'une lutte commune, mais ce qui distingue la résistance à Bure d'autres mouvements similaires est la construction progressive d'un savoir partagé, qui s'est étendu peu à peu à des questions et des sujets qui ne concernent pas seulement les déchets nucléaires. A cet égard, tous les acteurs ont en commun un sentiment de malaise, de frustration et de manque de reconnaissance qui les trouble et qui les pousse à l'action. L'expérience et l'expérimentation, la lutte pour la reconnaissance, la volonté de puissance et le besoin de manifester les sentiments forgent le vécu des membres de la commune de Bure et leur permettent d'expérimenter de nouvelles formes des modes-de-vie alternatives. Des espaces d'expérience se façonnent, dans lesquels, ensuite, des alternatives « concrètes » et « imaginées » à la vie et à la société émergent. C'est dans ce cadre que, les représentations et les pratiques transforment les espaces d'expérience en contre-espaces publics. Les structures mentales persistantes, les sentiments profonds et les interactions significatives deviennent le moteur de la mobilisation et la pulsion vers un processus de subjectivation qui concerne les sujets agissants. De plus, il y a une volonté qui se déploie, une volonté de dépassement du malaise et la détermination à créer un futur alternatif. Cette thèse s'efforce d'analyser le potentiel d'agir du cas exemplaire du mouvement de la commune de Bure, sa capacité à travers l'action de créer et d'organiser un espace public délimité qui sera capable de regrouper des visions du monde exprimant une résistance à l'ordre établi et une nouvelle possibilité de changement. L'étude s'efforce de montrer comment l'expérience du conflit et de la quête de reconnaissance peut faire réfléchir sur le malaise qui touche la société et sur les avenirs possibles auxquels les sujets peuvent aspirer
This dissertation analyzes an opposition movement that produces its action and its "sense" of action through antagonism and conflict. Particularly it aims to observe the "Bure phenomenon" from the actions and worldviews of the actors, starting from the members of "la commune de Bure" who oppose the construction of Cigéo, the Highly Radioactive Waste Underground Storing Project (Bure, France). The present study, which seeks to analyze representations and practices that feed both objectively and subjectively into the actions of individuals, conducted a qualitative survey based on participant observations and interviews. The challenge is to understand not only the actions of the actors through their reflexive and subjective activity, but also their observed "concrete" activity, focusing on the meaning they give to their actions and the elements that push them to mobilization. The fear to the landfill center in Bure and the perceived threat that it represents have driven individuals to rally around a common struggle. What distinguishes this resistance from other similar opposition movements is the progressive development of a shared knowledge, which has gradually extended to issues that do not only concern nuclear waste. All the actors feel a common unease, frustration and lack of recognition that trouble and encourage them to action. Their shared experience, struggle for recognition, will to power and need to manifest feelings forge the life of the members of "la commune de Bure": spaces of experience are shaped, in which "concrete" and "imagined" alternatives to the dominant forms of life and society emerge. It is in this way that representations and practices transform spaces of experience into counter-publics. Persistent mental structures, deep feelings and meaningful interactions become the motor of mobilization and the impulse towards a process of subjectivation that concerns the acting subjects. In addition, there is a will that unfolds, a will to overcome uneasiness and the determination to create an alternative future. This dissertation aims to analyze the "potentiel d'agir" of an exemplary case by means the Bure's movement, its capacity to create and organize a delimited public space through action able to bring together worldviews of resistance to the established order and new possibilities for change. The experience of conflict and the quest for recognition can make people reflect on the unease that affects society and the possible future alternatives

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37

Sene, Omar. "Social capital, trust and provision of local public goods". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010050.

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Le but principal de la présente thèse est d'étudier le rôle du capital social dans la capacité des communautés locales à entreprendre une action collective et à produire des biens publics locaux par eux-mêmes. Nous étendons la portée des études existantes dans les pays en développement. L'analyse est effectuée en utilisant deux approches distinctes. La première approche utilise un mélange original d'enquêtes et de données expérimentales sur la confiance de quatre villages au Sénégal pour évaluer la capacité de la confiance de prévoir la participation à la fourniture de biens publics locaux. Les résultats montrent que la confiance, tel que mesurée par les questions de l'enquête, a une faible pouvoir prédictif, alors que les résultats d'une mesure expérimentale de confiance sont bien meilleurs prédicteurs de la production de biens publics. La seconde approche consiste à enquêter sur l'impact causal de la confiance dans la qualité des biens publics produits au niveau du district en Afrique. Nous utilisons les données Afro-baromètre pour tester le rôle du capital social et les divisions ethniques dans l'accès aux soins de santé de base et à une scolarisation. Nous contournons les problèmes de la causalité inverse entre la confiance et la qualité des biens publics, et de variables omises en raison de tri ethnique endogène par l'utilisation de données historiques sur les modes de fonctionnement des groupes ethniques en Afrique sub-saharienne. Les résultats que notre mesure de confiance locale (utilisé comme indicateur de capital social) a impact causal sur la qualité de la santé et de la qualité des écoles en Afrique
The main purpose of the present dissertation is to study the role of social capital in the capacity of local communities to undertake collective action and to produce local public goods by themselves We extend the scope of existing studies encompass in developing countries. The analysis is carried out using two distinct approaches. The first approach uses an original mixture of survey and experimental data on trust from four villages in Senegal to assess the capacity of trust to predict participation in provision of local public good. The results show that trust, as measured by survey questions, has poor predictive power, while the results from a simple experimental measure of trust are much better predictors of public-goods production. The second approach consists in investigating the causal impact of trust in the quality of public goods produced at district level in Africa. We use Afro-barometer data to test the role of social capital and ethnic divisions in determining access to basic health care and schooling. We skirt any reverse-causality problems between trust and the quality of public goods, and omitted-variable bias due to endogenous ethnic sorting, by the use of historical data on the settlement patterns of ethnic groups in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our measure of local trust (used as an indicator of social capital) is shown to have a causal impact access on quality of health and quality of schools in Africa

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38

White, Kylie Suzanne y kyes_w@yahoo com. "The antimicrobial mechanism of action of 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-nitropropene". RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090723.101430.

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This research investigated the mechanism of action in bacteria of 3,4-methylenedioxy-β-nitropropene (BDM-I), a very broad spectrum antimicrobial lead compound in development as an anti-infective drug. The thesis proposes that BDM-I inhibits bacterial protein tyrosine phosphatases, a novel mechanism of action for an antimicrobial agent and a new target in microorganisms. This very open investigation was directed by considerable biological information on the effects of BDM-I in microorganisms and animals which provided insights into possible and improbable cellular targets. The biological effects of BDM-I were investigated using biochemical and cell-based assays, transmission electron microscopy and whole genome DNA microarray analysis. The specific experiments and order of execution were largely dependent on information gained as the project progressed. BDM-I was shown not to target the metabolic pathways of the major classes of antibacterial drugs, which supports a novel mechanism of action. Investigation of several species-specific effects suggested that cell signalling pathways were a possible target. Based on the structure of BDM-I and review of the scientific literature on cell signalling in bacteria, the hypothesis that BDM-I acted by inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) was supported by demonstrating inhibition of human and bacterial PTP's in an enzyme assay. This mechanism was consistent with other demonstrated effects: inhibition of the intracellular pathogen, Chlamydia trachomatis; inhibition of swarming in Proteus spp. and inhibition of pigment production in Serratia marcescens; and with kill kinetics in bacteria and yeast. A pilot global genome analysis of BDM-I treated Bacillus subtilis did not detect differential expression of PTP genes but has provided many avenues for further investigation. This research further supports the development of BDM-I as a broad spectrum anti-infective drug.

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Swe, Pearl M. y n/a. "Mode of action of dysgalacticin and mechanism of its producer cell immunity". University of Otago. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081119.111402.

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Dysgalacticin is a large, 21.5 kDa bacteriocin that belongs to subgroup B of the class III bacteriocins. It is ribosomally produced by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strain W2580 and exerts inhibitory activity mainly against the medically important pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes by a "non-lytic" mechanism. Despite numerous studies of the mechanisms of action of a wide variety of bacteriocins and of the basis of their producer strain self-immunity, relatively little is known about the "non-lytic" class of bacteriocins. The structural gene encoding for dysgalacticin (dysA) was known to be carried on a small, rolling circle plasmid pW2580 (3.04 kb) (Heng et al., 2006). However, the dysgalacticin immunity gene (dysI) had not been identified prior to the present study. The aims of this research were to elucidate the mechanism of action of dysgalacticin against S. pyogenes and to identify the genetic basis and the mechanism of producer strain self-immunity. Recombinantly-produced dysgalacticin was used to determine the mode of action against S. pyogenes. Dysgalacticin was bactericidal for S. pyogenes, increasing the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane and ultimately leading to leakage of intracellular potassium ions. Moreover, dysgalacticin dissipated the membrane potential and inhibited [�⁴C]serine uptake, a membrane potential-dependent process in S. pyogenes. Interestingly, dysgalacticin inhibited glucose fermentation by non-growing cell suspensions and blocked transport of both glucose and the nonmetabolisable analogue 2-deoxyglucose. This finding indicates that dysgalacticin may target the phosphophenolpyruvate (PEP)-dependent glucose and mannose phosphotransferase system (PTS) of S. pyogenes. Taken together, these data suggest that dysgalacticin targets the glucose-PTS and/or mannose-PTS as a receptor, leading to inhibition of sugar uptake, and a subsequent dissipation of the membrane potential leading to cell death. Complementation studies demonstrated that dysI is located on pW2580. RNA analysis showed that dysI is co-transcribed with genes encoding for the plasmid copy control protein, copG and replication initiation protein, repB. S. pyogenes transformed with a plasmid containing dysI displayed a markedly higher dysgalacticin MIC (1024 nM) than the corresponding dysgalacticin-sensitive, plasmid-negative strain (8 nM). Further studies of this DysI-expressing S. pyogenes showed that membrane integrity, glucose fermentation and [�H]2DG uptake were not affected by dysgalacticin treatment. These findings are consistant with a mechanism whereby the immunity peptide binds to the target-binding site of dysgalacticin, effectively blocking access by the bacteriocin. H₆DysI was found to localise to the cytoplasmic membrane, further indicating that DysI may bind to the proposed target of dysgalacticin, i.e., the membrane-bound glucose-PTS and mannose-PTS. Thus both the mode of action and the producer strain self-immunity of dysgalacticin are likely to be cytoplasmic-membrane based. Homology searching revealed that the bacteriocin SA-M7 produced by M-type 57 S. pyogenes has structural similarities to dysgalacticin, as do two hypothetical proteins, EF1097 and YpkK, of Enterococcus faecalis and Corynebacterium jeikeium, respectively (Heng et al., 2004, 2006). These proteins were all predicted to contain relatively unstructured N-termini and helix-loop-helix structured C-termini. In each case the C-termini contain two conserved cysteine residues that are predicted to form a disulphide bridge. Heterologous expression of SA-M57, EF1097 and YpkK in Escherchia coli demonstrated that all three proteins have antimicrobial activity, but of differeing activity spectra. Reductive-alkylation of SA-M57, EF1097 and YpkK confirmed that their predicted disulphide bonds were essential for biological activity. These proteins were later renamed streptococcin A-M57, enterococcin V583 and corynicin JK respectively. The outcome of preliminary domain-swapping experiments supported the existence of functional domain-type segments in streptococcin A-M57, enterococcin V583, corynicin JK and dysgalacticin. The N-terminal domain of each of these proteins and also the C-terminal domain of corynicin JK were successfully expressed in E. coli. The failure to express the C-termini of the remaining proteins was thought possibly due to toxicity of thses pepetides for the E. coli host. Nevertheless, the C-terminus of corynicin JK displayed an inhibitory spectrum apparently identical to that of the full-length corynicin, indicating that the N-terminus may not always be required for target binding of this class of antimicrobials. Preliminary mode of action studies revealed that streptococcin A-M57, enterococcin V583 and corynicin JK all resemble dysgalacticin in that they exert inhibitory activity by non-lytic means. These results, in combination with the protein structural predictions indicate that dysgalacticin, streptococcin A-M57, enterococcin V583 and corynicin JK are all members of the same basic class of "non-lytic" bactericoicns.

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40

Hancock, Lisa Jane y lisa hancock@flinders edu au. "Autonomy as Creative Action; Reconciling human commonality and particularity". Flinders University. School of Political and International Studies, 2007. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20071129.105145.

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Reconciliation of human plurality, with the commonality requisite for egalitarian political order, is arguably the central question confronting political thought today. The thesis is a response to Hannah Arendts insight that in the wake of the twentieth-century demise of metaphysical ultimates, we must affirm human capacity for autonomous judgment as fundamental to sustaining a world fit for human habitation. It consists of a theory of autonomy (or practical reason) designed to fully address pluralism, historicism and the critique of identity/difference. In the light of Onora ONeills constructivist reading of Kantian reason, autonomy as creative action is defended as the minimal human commonality which must be presupposed, to account for trans-cultural justice grounded in communication rather than coercion. The account of autonomy employs Kants notion of the unconditioned: freedom from determinate causes; that which is common to all by virtue of being particular to none. Kants merely formal concept is reconceived as a substantive experience within the world: the momentary suspension of existing cultural forms, identified as both a formal and substantive prerequisite to overcoming prejudices, and the achievement of trans-cultural communication. Building on Hans-George Gadamers tradition-dependent notion of hermeneutic judgment, creative action consists of first receptive attention, the suspension of existing understandings, pre-conceptions etc., and open receptivity to what is there, and second, responsive judgment, revitalisation of authoritative standards internal to a vital sphere of practice a realm of human activity whose authoritative standards are constituted through creative action. Creative action is defended as a minimal, generic prerequisite for the realisation of any transcendent value (such as truth, justice and beauty) within a vital sphere of practice. This ideal of autonomy coheres with a pluralist ideal of society as a web of equal, autonomous yet interdependent vital spheres of practice. A distinctive feature of the thesis is that it provides, in addition to a maximally-capacious account of autonomy, a radically pluralist ontological and epistemic framework. Contemporary political thought embracing human plurality and difference has for the most part been wary of metaphysical ultimates, opting for epistemic abstinence and avoiding explicit metaphysical commitments. I argue, however, that a substantive, philosophical account of the possibility of trans-cultural justice requires admission of that which transcends the culturally-conditioned, as well as adherence to some notion of philosophical truth. As western thought has inherited from Platonism and the Judeo-Christian tradition a view of truth as monological, universal and unchanging, radical, pluralist revisions are required. Within the proposed two-tiered epistemology, creative action takes the place of reason. This epistemic framework retains the transcendent content of truth, while fully acknowledging the cultural-relativity of particular socio-cultural forms. It allows the theory to stand as a substantive, philosophically-vindicated theory of autonomy, but without rendering it vulnerable to post-structuralist charges of cultural-imperialism. The thesis shows that the universalist, egalitarian commitments of the Kantian tradition can be reconciled with strong commitment to difference and diversity, but only if the philosophical and political realms abdicate their traditional positions of privilege vis a vis other spheres of practice.

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Kenny, John Daniel y jonk19@bigpond net au. "Exegesis: Strategy and Learning: a path to organisational change". RMIT University. Education, 2005. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20060308.125308.

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This Exegesis and the Portfolio document referred to herein report on the outcomes of my research towards a PhD in education (by Project) between mid 2001 and July 2005. The Portfolio contains a collection of ten papers written during the research and also a summary of the key tools and processes resulting from the research. This Exegesis contains the major theoretical arguments leading to the development of the research outcomes, the methodology employed and a description of the organisational context operating during the study. It also draws links between the various data sets as presented in the Portfolio. The research began with a consideration of a major change project at RMIT University: the Implementation of the Distributed Learning System (DLS). The problems associated with this project highlighted the need for holistic organisational approaches to change and the uncertain nature of radical change projects. This led into a consideration of broader questions to do with organisational change and managing uncertainty. The generalisability of the research findings was enhanced by the wide ranging literature review and data from a range of stakeholders. This ultimately led to the development of a

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42

Zambrano, Nelly. "CHILD ABUSE PREVENTION IN RURAL SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: A PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH PROJECT". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/722.

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This research project examines resources and services to prevent families and children from entering the child welfare system in a rural town in Southern California. There is constant struggle to get the adequate services, resources and trained staff in this rural area because it is isolated and it takes about two hours’ travel time to get to the metropolitan cities. The literature review discusses child welfare services challenges, strengths and social capital to support families and children as well as the child welfare system itself in rural areas. Constructivism is the appropriate framework for this research project, because the goal of this study will be based on an exchange of understanding and ideas; therefore, the nature of the study is subjective. The engagement stage was an important stage for the constructivist approach. The researcher analyzed transcripts from the interviews and group meetings using thematic analysis to examine participants’ concerns and their perceptions of the community’s resources. Further, the participants, guided by the researcher, worked together to develop a strategic action plan to address child abuse and neglect in this community. This project encouraged community leaders to discuss the community’s strengths and main concerns related to child abuse and neglect. Interestingly, these strengths and concerns often mirror one another. Participants’ perceptions and recommendation are about safety, connectedness, human services access and child welfare of the focused rural town.

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43

Errington, Adam C. y n/a. "Electrophysiological studies on the mechanism of action of the novel antiepileptic drug lacosamide". University of Otago. Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080613.162038.

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Lacosamide (LCM) is a new antiepileptic drug with a previously unknown mode of action. Using electrophysiological recording techniques in a range of in vitro preparations I have determined a mechanism of action of the new drug. In a 4-aminopyridine model of tonic-clonic seizures in rat visual cortex in vitro, LCM stereoselectively reduced maximal frequency and duration of tonic activity with EC[50�s] of 71 and 41 [mu]M respectively. LCM (100 [mu]M) significantly reduced excitability in whole cell patch clamped neurons producing non-selective reduction in the incidence of excitatory/inhibitory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs; LCM: 46.1 � 15.5 %, P <0.01, n = 4, IPSCs; LCM: 24.9 � 9.6 %, P <0.01, n = 4) and block of spontaneous action potentials (EC₅₀ 61 [mu]M). The inhibitory effects of LCM did not result from changes in passive membrane properties (including resting membrane potential or input resistance) as assessed by application of voltage ramps between -70 to +20 mV. LCM did not mimic the effects of diazepam as an allosteric modulator of GABA[A] receptor currents, nor did it inhibit evoked excitatory currents mediated by AMPA or NMDA receptors. Unlike phenytoin (DPH), carbamazepine (CBZ) or lamotrigine (LTG) that blocked sustained action potential firing evoked by brief depolarising steps (750 ms) or ramps (-70 to 20 mV, 90 mV.sec⁻�), LCM could weakly reduce the frequency of action potentials evoked by brief depolarisation suggesting a potential interaction with VGSCs. In accordance with this, the effect of LCM upon neurotransmission was negated in the presence of tetrodotoxin (200 nM, TTX). The frequency of miniature EPSCs was not altered by the drug (100 [mu]M). These results discounted some crucial potential anticonvulsant targets for LCM but implied a potential interaction with electrogenic VGSCs. When SRF duration was prolonged (10 s) LCM produced significant (P <0.01, n = 4-10, EC₅₀: 48 [mu]M) inhibition, but not within the first second of the burst EC₅₀: 640 [mu]M). Evoked TTX sensitive sodium currents in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells were significantly reduced by LCM, CBZ, LTG and DPH when V[h]: -60 mV. Hyperpolarizing pulses (500 ms) to -100 mV could reverse block by CBZ, LTG and DPH but not LCM. The V₅₀ for steady state fast inactivation was more hyperpolarized by CBZ (-79.45 � 2.64 mV, n = 5, P < 0.001), LTG (-72.30 � 1.70 mV, n = 6, P <0.05) and DPH (-77.17 � 2.32 mV, n = 6, P <0.05) but not by LCM (-65.02 � 1.75 mV, n = 6, CONTROL: -65.84 � 0.86 mV). In contrast to CBZ, LCM did not slow recovery from fast inactivation or produce frequency dependent facilitation of block of a 3 s, 10 Hz pulse train. LCM (100 [mu]M) did produce a (V₅₀: CONTROL ~64 mV, LCM -57.47 � 4.53 mV, P <0.001, n = 4-8) hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of slow sodium channel inactivation and promoted channel entry into the slow inactivated state (P <0.001, n = 6) but did not alter the rate of recovery. I therefore conclude that LCM produces inhibition of epileptiform cellular activity, at least in part, via enhancement of voltage gated sodium channel slow inactivation and represents a molecule possessing a unique anticonvulsant mechanism of action.

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44

Rein, Robert y n/a. "Movement coordination in a discrete multi-articular action from a dynamical systems perspective". University of Otago. School of Physical Education, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080125.144336.

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Dynamical systems theory represents a prominent theoretical framework for the investigation of movement coordination and control in complex neurobiological systems. Central to this theory is the investigation of pattern formation in biological movement through application of tools from nonlinear dynamics. Movement patterns are regarded as attractors and changes in movement coordination can be described as phase transitions. Phase transitions typically exhibit certain key indicators like critical fluctuations, critical slowing down and hysteresis, which enable the formulation of hypotheses and experimental testing. An extensive body of literature exists which tested these characteristics and robustly supports the tenets of dynamical systems theory in the movement sciences. However, the majority of studies have tended to use a limited range of movement models for experimentation, mainly bimanual rhythmical movements, and at present it is not clear to what extent the results can be transferred to other domains such as discrete movements and/or multi-articular actions. The present work investigated coordination and control of discrete, multi-articular actions as exemplified by a movement model from the sports domain: the basketball hook shot. Accordingly, the aims of the research programme were three-fold. First, identification of an appropriate movement model. Second, development of an analytical apparatus to enable the application of dynamical systems theory to new movement models. Third, to relate key principles of dynamical systems theory to investigations of this new movement model. A summary of four related studies that were undertaken is as follows: 1. Based on a biomechanical analysis, the kinematics of the basketball hook shot in four participants of different skill levels were investigated. Participants were asked to throw from different shooting distances, which were varied in a systematic manner between 2m and 9m in two different conditions (with and without a defender present). There was a common significant trend for increasing throwing velocity paired with increasing wrist trajectory radii as shooting distance increased. Continuous angle kinematics showed high levels of inter- and intra-individual variability particularly related to throwing distance. Comparison of the kinematics when throwing with and without a defender present indicated differences for a novice performer, but not for more skilled individuals. In summary, the basketball hook shot is a suitable movement model for investigating the application of dynamical systems theory to a discrete, multi-articular movement model where throwing distance resembles a candidate control parameter. 2. Experimentation under the dynamical systems theoretical paradigm usually entails the systematic variation of a candidate control parameter in a scaling procedure. However there is no consensus regarding a suitable analysis procedure for discrete, multiarticular actions. Extending upon previous approaches, a cluster analysis method was developed which made the systematic identification of different movement patterns possible. The validity of the analysis method was demonstrated using distinct movement models: 1) bimanual, wrist movement, 2) three different basketball shots, 3) a basketball hook shot scaling experiment. In study 1, the results obtained from the cluster analysis approach matched results obtained by a traditional analysis using discrete relative phase. In study 2, the results from the method matched the a-priori known distinction into three different basketball techniques. Study 3 was designed specifically to facilitate a bimodal throwing pattern due to laboratory restrictions in throwing height. The cluster analysis again was able to identify the a-priori known distribution. Additionally, a hysteresis effect for throwing distance was identified further strengthening the validity of the chosen movement model. 3. Using eight participants, hook shot throwing distance was varied between 2m and 9m in both directions. Some distinct inter-individual differences were found in regards to movement patterning. For two subjects clear transitions between qualitatively distinct different patterns could be established. However, no qualitative differences were apparent for the remaining participants where it was suggested that a single movement pattern was continually scaled according to the throwing distance. The data supported the concept of degeneracy in that once additional movement degrees of freedom are made available these can be exploited by actors. The underlying attractor dynamics for the basketball hook shot were quite distinct from the bistable regime typically observed in rhythmical bimanual movement models. 4. To provide further evidence in support of the view that observed changes in movement patterning during a hook shot represented a phase transition, a perturbation experiment with five participants was performed. Throwing distance was once again varied in a scaling manner between 2m and 9m. The participants wore a wristband which could be attached to a weight which served as a mechanical perturbation to the throwing movement. Investigation of relaxation time-scales did not provide any evidence for critical slowing down. The movements showed high variation between all subsequent trials and no systematic variation in relation to either the mechanical perturbation or the successive jumps in throwing distance was indicated by the data. In summary, the results of the research programme highlighted some important differences between discrete multi-articular and bimanual rhythmical movement models. Based on these differences many of the findings ubiquitous in the domain of rhythmical movements may be specific to these and accordingly may not be readily generalized to movement models from other domains. This highlights the need for more research focussing on various movement models in order to broaden the scope of the dynamical systems framework and enhance further insight into movement coordination and control in complex neurobiological systems.

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Perkins, Michelle A. "Between public and private : women's social action in France from 1934 to 1944". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496026.

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Van, der Merwe Louisa. "The experience of affirmative action in a public organisation / Louisa van der Merwe". Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1054.

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South Africa is experiencing a process of formidable and fundamental change. Public administrators as well as politicians are under tremendous pressure as heavy demands are being placed on them. These demands include coping with interventions such as Affirmative Action, Employment Equity, and the importance of managing diversity in the workplace. Despite improvements in race relations in the past twenty years, dysfunctional and ineffective behaviour still occur. This may be a reflection of the discomfort and anxiety experienced by employees in the work setting. In order to comply with legislation, organisations created opportunities for Black, Asian and Coloured males and females, White females and disabled people. This, in return, leads to perceptions of preferential hiring. The view that Affirmative Action involves preferential hiring and treatment based on group membership creates resistance to its implementation and original purpose. The reason for this resistance might be linked to the fact that people still perceive discrimination and injustice in the workplace. These perceptions seem true in public organisations even though public organisations have taken a positive stance with regard to implementing Equal Employment and Affirmative Action plans. A qualitative design with an availability sample (N = 20) of employees working in a public organisation was used. The qualitative research makes it possible to determine the subjective experience of employees in a public organisation. Semi-structured interviews based on the phenomenological method were conducted with employees working in different sections and different positions in a public organisation. Non-directive questions were asked during the interview. The tape-recording of the interview was transcribed verbatim in order to analyse the information. Content analysis was used to analyse and interpret the research data in a systematic, objective and quantitative way. A literature-control has been done to investigate relevant research in order to determine the comparativeness and uniqueness of the current research. Results indicated that Affirmative Action has been used as a tool in achieving its goal by focusing on preferential hiring. From the responses it was clear that the majority of the participants are of opinion that preferential hiring led to the appointment of incompetent candidates. It appears from the interviews that appointments are made without basing it on merit. This is against the basic principle of the public organisation of hiring and promoting employees by set standards. Due to the fact that previous disadvantaged groups are being placed in positions of which they have no experience or are not trained in, job related knowledge seems to present a problem. From the interviews it appeared that employees felt that poor customer service increased across the organisation due to the appointment of incompetent candidates. This also seems to have an effect on the workload being handled. It seems that predominantly white employees tend to be ambivalent towards Affirmative Action. Part of the reason for this ambivalence is the fear of change, especially when that change involves a radical re-thinking of past strategies. White employees, employed by the old apartheid system, feel alienated and/or marginalised in the new Affirmative Action process. White employees are also leaving organisations because they seem not to be part of the Affirmative Action process. This leads to loss of expertise occurring in organisations. Though organisations show a considerable amount of improvement on relationships between black and white, discrimination still seems to present itself through the implementation of Affirmative Action. Managing diversity is crucial for the effective management and development of people. It is important not to focus only on cultural differences but also concentrate on individual needs and perceptions. Unfortunately, it appears that South Africa is in the process of making the same mistakes as other countries in focusing on a power game and corruption. Black employees in particular, seem to be actively recruited, placed in senior positions and given the related finishing. In other words top management are using their 'power' to enforce Affirmative Action. There are also those who want to abuse the system or maybe understand the system incorrectly. Corruption coming from top management tends to make employees negative. In order to address these issues, a succession and career planning process needs to exist which is closely tied to the organisations' strategic plan. Employment Equity, as a strategic objective, is managed by the organisation, but needs the Human Resources function in a support and consultancy role. As such, it requires translation into practical objectives for departments, managers and employees. Recommendations were made for future research.
Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

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Mafumo, Thinavhudzulo Norman. "Managing racial integration in South African public schools : in defense of democratic action". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5141.

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Thesis (PhD (Education Policy Studies))--University of Stellenbosch
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ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation explores the lack of racial integration in public schools in South Africa. The main argument of this study defends a deliberative conception of racial integration that builds on previous, more limited, conceptions such as assimilation, integration, multicultural education and antiracist education. In this work I further narrate my story in relation to encounters with issues of race, thereby contextualising the topic. I argue that philosophy of education can be used as a tool to explore and illuminate the educational dimensions of a major philosophical problem, that is, racial integration. I further offer a historical account of racial integration, mapping three interrelated phases of such integration in South African public schools, namely the colonial/apartheid period, the democratic period and the post-democratic period. The dissertation also offers a conceptual account of the major theoretical understandings that constitute racial integration. It furthermore investigates racial integration as it is currently unfolding in South African public schools and simultaneously points out the limitations of this project. I argue how and why the lack of effective and genuine racial integration results in social injustice. Moreover, I advance an argument for deliberative racial integration in South African public schools; a notion that, it is hoped, could address some of the weaknesses associated with the present form of racial integration in South African public schools. The study also identifies the implications of deliberative racial integration for school governance, management, leadership, and teaching and learning.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif behels 'n ondersoek na die gebrek aan rasse-integrasie in openbare skole in Suid-Afrika. Die hoofargument in die studie is 'n verdediging van .n beraadslagende begrip van rasse-integrasie wat op vorige, meer beperkte, begrippe soos assimilasie, integrasie, multikulturalistiese onderwys en anti-rassistiese onderwys voortbou. Ek konseptualiseer die onderwerp aan die hand van 'n narratief van my eie ervaring ten opsigte van aangeleenthede wat met ras verband hou. Ek argumenteer dat filosofie van die onderwys aangewend kan word om die onderwysdimensies van 'n beduidende filosofiese probleem, naamlik rasse-integrasie, te ondersoek en te belig. Ek bied verder 'n historiese oorsig van rasse-integrasie deur te verwys na die koloniale/apartheidstydperk, die demokratiese tydperk en die postdemokratiese tydperk. Die proefskrif bied ook 'n konseptuele verslag van die vernaamste teoretiese beskouinge wat rasse-integrasie uitmaak. Die studie behels voorts 'n ondersoek van rasse-integrasie soos dit tans in Suid-Afrikaanse openbare skole ontvou en dui terselfdertyd op die beperkinge van die projek. Ek argumenteer hoe en waarom die gebrek aan doeltreffende en ware rasse-integrasie sosiale ongeregtigheid in die hand werk. Verder ontwikkel ek 'n argument vir beraadslagende rasse-integrasie in Suid-Afrikaanse openbare skole; 'n idee waarmee, so word gehoop, die gebreke wat met die huidige vorm van rasse-integrasie in Suid-Afrikaanse openbare skole geassosieer word, die hoof gebied kan word. Die studie identifiseer ook die implikasies van beraadslagende rasse-integrasie vir beheer van skole, bestuur, leierskap en onderrig en leer.

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48

Mdintsi, Pindile Reginald. "Employment policies and practice in the public service: The case for affirmative action". University of Western Cape, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7767.

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Masters in Public Administration - MPA
South Africa IS apartheid legacy of racial and class inequalities demands drastic and purposeful intervention. This is necessary because, blacks and women have, for decades, been discriminated against on the basis of race, gender and disability . Despite the advent of a democratic government, a large proportion of senior management positions in the public service of South Africa are still occupied by white, male Afrikaners who, in 1996 constituted 63 per cent of the management echelon. There is a need, therefore, to introduce a nation - wide , and systematic strategy in the public service to "normalise" this situation through programmes of affirmative action.

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Emory, Jorie Lynne. "Public Pedagogy and Relational Philanthropy: An Insider Action Research Study of Columbus SOUP". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429204991.

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O'Connor, Jr Thomas W. "Public school teachers' discretionary participation in continuing professional development : perceptions, influences, and action". Adobe Acrobat reader required to view the full dissertation, 2000. http://www.etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-37/index.html.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Territorialization of public action"

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