Tesis sobre el tema "Territorial authorities"
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Rodaro, Elisa. "Territorial cooperation between sub-national authorities: legal instruments in European perspective". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368669.
Texto completoRodaro, Elisa. "Territorial cooperation between sub-national authorities: legal instruments in European perspective". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2010. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/257/1/Tesi_Dottorato_Rodaro.pdf.
Texto completoJamais, Gauthier. "Le contrat au sein de l’emploi public administratif territorial". Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20004/document.
Texto completoAdministrative jobs of local authorities cover all public employees working on behalf of an administrative public service managed by a local authority or one of its subsidiary. Those jobs, originally conceived to be mainly occupied by civil servants, are in fact occupied by a fifth of contract agents. Contract agents demonstrate that civil servants alone are not able to fulfill every tasks of local authorities. Contractualization could be a way to ensure modernization of those jobs: either a global privatization or an increase of their contractual components could be solutions. The career logic, used for more than thirty years, would then necessarily be called into question. This thesis, after having established that civil servants alone are not able to fulfill every tasks of local authorities, discusses the proposed solutions
Bengtsson, Maria. "Mutual Influence between EU Transnational Interreg Programmes and National Planning Authorities-The Cases of Sweden and Denmark:A Comparison". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5974.
Texto completom.bengtsson@tiscali.it
Gaillard, Brice. "La performance de l'action publique territoriale : étude sur l'appropriation des démarches de performance au niveau local". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0288/document.
Texto completoGrowing expectations about effectivness, efficiency and transparency of territorial publicaction cannot be undermined any more. Performance of territorial public authorities hasmerged into an intrinsic and decisive goal.Since the beginning of the decentralization process in France, national public action andterritorial public action have been through simultaneous but different evolutions. At statelevel, the 2001’s « LOLF » bill step was a landmark, and authorities have definitely copewith performance approach. Meanwhile, local authorities went to such a process,following their own ways.Territorial public authorities clearly evolved and made performance approaches theirown. However, without needs for a global systemic logic, their ownership processpatterns are different.A study of different performance criteria (such as actors, legal and budgetaryframeworks, and local authorities’ environnements) brings evidence that, despiteundeniable progress, use of performance approaches is quite uncomplete at local level.This factorial study explains noticeable differences between local authorities. Some ofthem are using performance standards in a more global way than others. Accordingly,this study helps to determine levers to encourage a better and quicker emergence of amore relevant territorial public action, therefore meeting assigned expectations
Bardoul, Caroline. "Les collectivités territoriales et le développement durable". Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE0003.
Texto completoTwo milestones guide the implementation of local sustainable development by local governments : first each local authority must conciliate sustainable development pillars on its territory ; then this approach must be integrated with the one of the other local authorities. Only then can local sustainability management be overspread and harmonious. However, the lack of legal constraint imposing the implementation of these milestones has two consequences: on the one hand, Sustainable development norms can be adapted by local authorities to the specificities of their territories, on the other hand, other local authorities do not apply these rules or only partially, taking advantage of “soft law”. Those diverse levels of commitment to sustainable development norms disrupt the territorial cohesion and solidarity that should be part of the notion of sustainable development. In the actual state of law the implementation of sustainable development norms by every single local authority is unattainable. There are nevertheless legal means to enforce sustainable development norms beyond the circle of willing territories. But these means are not completely effective. Therefore, in order to make every local authority apply sustainable development norms, some changes have to be made to the existing Law. The first pillar must become a standard so that local authorities won't be able to ignore sustainable development norms anymore, only to adapt it to their local specificities. Moreover,decentralization would lead to a better articulation between each local governing body, therefore allowing forbetter respect of the second pillar of sustainable development. Finally a better financial redistribution between those local authorities would support these legal changes
Chanard, Camille. "Territoire et énergie : politiques locales, échelles d'intervention et instruments de mobilisation, de connaissance et d'action". Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA1041/document.
Texto completoThe thesis is about French local authorities' energy policies, and more particularly about regional policies. In a context of reassessment of fossil fuel-based energy systems, local authorities have a key role to play. Indeed, energy systems are complex and require to act locally, in order to keep fair access for consumers and to adapt supply to needs and uses. In the same way, environmental constraints and sustainable exploitation of local resources involve to have a good knowledge of territory and of local energy potential. But, local authorities do not know much about boundaries and about components of territorial energy systems. The main purpose of the thesis is to determine structure and behaviour of these energy systems in order to identify public policy incentive levers at local scale.The first part of the thesis deals with the links between land uses, actors' behaviours, political choices and energy consumptions. Here, we point out the specific interest of geography and territorial approach to treat energy issue, both for land planning and for actors' mobilization. In the second part, we identify policy instruments which local authorities should dispose and actions they should implement in order to develop energy saving and renewables. Then, the third part is more specific to regional level. The analysis of two French planning instruments (Regional Plans for Climate, Air and Energy and Regional Energy Observatories), shows the interest of this scale which could, with its position between national and local levels, contribute to improve knowledge of territories, to coordinate local actions and to develop energy policies adapted to local specificities
Faval, Cherie. "La Regione sostenibile. Forme giuridiche del regionalismo alla luce del principio di sostenibilità. Spunti comparativi dalle esperienze italiana, francese e spagnola = La Région durable. Formes juridiques du régionalisme au vu du principe de durabilité. Suggestions comparatives à partir des expériences italienne, française et espagnole". Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/142899.
Texto completoBardoul, Caroline. "Les collectivités territoriales et le développement durable". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE0003.
Texto completoTwo milestones guide the implementation of local sustainable development by local governments : first each local authority must conciliate sustainable development pillars on its territory ; then this approach must be integrated with the one of the other local authorities. Only then can local sustainability management be overspread and harmonious. However, the lack of legal constraint imposing the implementation of these milestones has two consequences: on the one hand, Sustainable development norms can be adapted by local authorities to the specificities of their territories, on the other hand, other local authorities do not apply these rules or only partially, taking advantage of “soft law”. Those diverse levels of commitment to sustainable development norms disrupt the territorial cohesion and solidarity that should be part of the notion of sustainable development. In the actual state of law the implementation of sustainable development norms by every single local authority is unattainable. There are nevertheless legal means to enforce sustainable development norms beyond the circle of willing territories. But these means are not completely effective. Therefore, in order to make every local authority apply sustainable development norms, some changes have to be made to the existing Law. The first pillar must become a standard so that local authorities won't be able to ignore sustainable development norms anymore, only to adapt it to their local specificities. Moreover,decentralization would lead to a better articulation between each local governing body, therefore allowing forbetter respect of the second pillar of sustainable development. Finally a better financial redistribution between those local authorities would support these legal changes
Faval, Cherie. "La regione sostenibile. Forme giuridiche del regionalismo alla luce del principio di sostenibilità. Spunti comparativi dalle esperienze italiana, francese e spagnola". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022TOUL0152.
Texto completoTerritorial authorities, especially regional ones, are often concerned - in various contexts - by reform and reorganisation proposals, thus constantly renewing the many questions concerning the appropriateness of the permanence of sub-state territorial articulations of the regional type, in the short, medium and long term.Based on this observation, the thesis aims to deal with a classical theme (regional territorial organisation), in a comparative perspective (comparing the Italian Regione, the French Région and the Spanish Comunidad Autónoma) and adopting a dimension that is now widely spread (that of sustainability), proposing - as much as possible - an innovative reading.In this sense, the research first of all traces the reference framework of the whole work, introducing the basic concepts (Region; Regional State), not without having previously contextualised them in the perimeter in which it is (still) relevant to deal with them (indeed, the questions relating to territorialisation and autonomy seem to be more topical than ever, albeit from different perspectives than the 'classic' ones). Again by way of introduction, the thesis discusses certain characteristics ('static' and 'dynamic' variables of the 'regional state') which are described as emblematic, insofar as their function is both to provide representative declensions of the 'regional state', abstractly considered, and to serve as a parameter of the comparative relationship between concrete regional experiences. This comparison is then made - after illustrating the basis and main developments of the respective legal frameworks - in relation to the Regioni, the Regions and the Comunidades Autónomas. The research then turns to the subject of sustainability, attempting, firstly, to trace the origins of the concept and the processes of its "juridicisation" and "constitutionalisation". Once the concept has been explored and exploited in the various legal forms that have emerged over time - through an approach that starts from sustainability as a principle of "environmental law" and ends up considering it as a component of "the environment of law" - the study asks whether it is possible to propose further declensions of sustainability that could prove useful for an analysis of an institutional nature. This component of the work - which necessarily moves away from the boundaries of comparative regional law to open up a "research within the research" with contributions from very different branches of law (but not only law, in fact) - leads to the identification of a notion of institutional sustainability - and, in particular, of regional institutional sustainability - and of a series of potential indicators of sustainability. On this basis, the identified criterion is proposed as a key to interpret the experiences of 'regionalism' and 'regionalisation', with a view not to give exhaustive and complete answers, but to provide useful elements for a fruitful reflection on the existence or not of conditions of permanent and future sustainability of the regional institution. This objective is pursued by applying the principle of regional institutional sustainability and its associated sustainability indicators to the above-mentioned variables of regionalism, using examples drawn from the regional dynamics found in the three legal systems under consideration in ordinary and - since a research is an evolutionary process that cannot completely abstract from reality - extraordinary contexts, such as the one generated by the impact of the Coronavirus emergency on local and regional authorities and on their relations with the national level
Lemaitre, Jelle. "La cohésion territoriale et l'ordre juridique de l'Union européenne". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G026.
Texto completoThe territorial cohesion appeared in the European Union law at the ex article 16 TCE beside the SIEG. It knew a consecration in the primary european Union law with its erection to the rank of objective of the European Union, becoming the third dimension of the cohesion policy beside the economic and social cohesion. This new place in the primary law is not without asking questions on the normativity of this new objective and more widely its place in the legal order of the european Union. The main difficulty is based on its definition and its modalities of expression and intervention today. The green Book of the European Commission of 2008 dedicated to the territorial cohesion had the merit to put the objective in perspective by giving it a realization through essentially the regional policy, but also more widely by the necessary coordination of the policies with territorial impact. This thesis has for objective to put in light the expressions of the territorial cohesion, called to develop with the application of the treaty of Lisbon. The territorial cohesion can also base itself on the other legal principles, just like the principle of subsidiarity, to build a normativity in the European Union material law, from the legislative and statutory work to the application of the sector-based policies on the European Union territory. The territorial cohesion can finally lean on the european Union institutional law and on the increasing role of the local gouvernment to make the way of a territorial solidarity taken in consideration in the model of the European integration
Niangoran, Koffi Rameaux. "Le financement des collectivités territoriales en Côte d'Ivoire : essai sur la gouvernance publique locale en Afrique". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010282.
Texto completoDecentralization is the major institutional innovation that African countries since the 1990s. If it is irreversible, the fact remains that the ability of local authorities to provide local public services to local people and to boost development economic and social development is constrained by the narrow legal means, financial, human and material. This thesis public law concerns the financing of local authorities in Côte d'Ivoire. The overall objective of this study is to demonstrate one band, the different local public policies financed by local institutions, and secondly, the means used to finance them. After an investigation that has used many types of data (documents, interviews, direct observations, etc.) it appears that the local authorities financing assets in Côte d'Ivoire have proven and can point to a success material for making local investment. However, the existing legislative tools and devices on sustainable local development raise difficulties raise questions about the very effectiveness of the financial system in these decentralized entities. This means that malfunctions exist on this subject and impede the initiatives of local elected officials. Based on a series of African case studies and numerous examples in other parts of the world, this thesis proposes concrete ways to modernize the Ivorian local government finance system. The evolution of the economic and social development across Côte d'Ivoire depends largely 011 this legal reform, institutional and sociological
Meyer, Gilbert. "Finances locales et développement durable". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAA033.
Texto completoThe Grenelle on the environment modifies the actions and projects of the local authorities. They have to meet objectives, without having the necessary budgetary means. This thesis sets out the objectives imposed on the local authorities by the law. The previous long-term actions of sustainable development are recalled. Part one deals with sustainable development, the international recommendations and its local implementation, where the local authorities play a leading role. Examples of actions in favor of communities, prior to the Grenelle on the environment, are analyzed. Part two deals with how local finances have been affected by these sustainable development policies. The local authorities have a limited scope of action; between compulsory revenues and expenditures and the reduced State participation in co financing of the actions imposed on the communities. Tools at the disposai of local authorities can help. There are many partners. Finally, the State should not only create laws, it also needs to provide the financial support for the priority actions which are imposed
Allard, Aude. "La planification environnementale, entre archétype et prototype des mutations du droit public". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2023/interne/2023UPASH011.pdf.
Texto completoPraised by recent political discourse, environmental planning is a practice that has been used in environmental law since the late 1960s. It generally takes the form of plans, maps or schemes responsible for organizing - in the medium or long run - the protection of the natural environment and its resources, the protection of the landscape or the prevention of risks and nuisances. Today, these "planning documents" constitute an important part of public action in environmental matters.Despite this omnipresence, on the political scene as much as in law, environmental planning is an object with vague legal contours, whose place and role within public policies remain poorly defined. This thesis therefore proposes the definition of a reading grid that will allow to understand the fundamental issues at stake: beyond the identification of the common denominators of all environmental documents, this research endeavors to place environmental planning in its political and legal environment, as well as in its historical, social and economic context.It is through this contextualization exercise that it becomes possible to go beyond the possible criticisms of its contemporary use, and to place environmental planning at the heart of the changes in public law. Through a cross-cutting analysis - which requires to place the focus at the crossroads of environmental law, administrative law, local government law, as well as administrative science and economics - it appears that it reflects the tensions, the challenges, but also the paradoxes, that have been present in public authorities since the end of the Second World War: both a prototype and an archetype of contemporary developments in public law, environmental planning can be read as the receptacle of the legal changes begun in France during the “Trente Glorieuses”, but also as a laboratory for the institutional and legal transformations that characterize France, which must manage economic, social, and now ecological crises
Inocente, Bruno Romeu. "Les mécanismes de la solidarité territoriale : essai comparatif (Brésil - France)". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0004/document.
Texto completoWithin a state, the distribution of public resources inside the territory have a fundamental importance, because it represents a factor of justice in the relationship between local authorities, so that it affects the ability to provide their obligations related to the exercise of their powers in respect of their autonomy, in benefit of citizens who need to have a minimum quality of public services. This thesis aims first to examine and compare what is the influence of the form of state (Unitary for France and Federal for Brazil) on the mechanisms of territorial solidarity. It aims to describe and analyze the effectiveness of the most important mechanisms (financial: local taxes, grants, funds and discretionary transfers; cooperative: representative institutions, national public policies, pooling and contracts between central state and local authorities). Firstly with a description of the historical evolution of territorial organization and the birth of the current solidarity mechanisms and showing the significant existant inequalities, moreover among municipalities, to finally end up with a prospective analysis of effectiveness and defects (tax war, corruption and tax evasion) of these mechanisms designed to achieve equalization (vertical or horizontal) of public resources
MARZETTA, CRISTIAN. "ENTI TERRITORIALI MINORI NELL'ARCHITETTURA EUROPEA". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/40682.
Texto completoDuring last decades, two trends have been underlined in Europe: laws on local authorities (municipalities, provinces and metropolitan areas) are getting less differing, enhancing the role of these entities (except for the phase following latest economic crisis) and we see a progressive transfer of decision-making powers from National States to European Union. It’s interesting – as it was done in this study – to understand how the two trends are connected and, particularly, how the European Union influences local authorities of member States. In order to appreciate differences and underline trends who associate different systems (also in the light of recent reforms), the analysis is focused on the evolution of legislation about local authorities, not only in Italy, but also in other States of European Union, Then, turning to European Union legislation, particular attention is dedicated not only to general principles listed into primary law, but also to the analysis of specific policies endowed with consideration for the role of local levels (primarily the policies about economic, social and territorial cohesion). In this way, a data comparison was made possible to understand whether the reforms interesting local authorities in recent past has been generated by legislation, by policies and actions of European Union, and to what extent. Finally, an attempt to outline the possible and future role of local Authorities into European architecture has been made, in a potential multi-level federalism perspective.
MARZETTA, CRISTIAN. "ENTI TERRITORIALI MINORI NELL'ARCHITETTURA EUROPEA". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/40682.
Texto completoDuring last decades, two trends have been underlined in Europe: laws on local authorities (municipalities, provinces and metropolitan areas) are getting less differing, enhancing the role of these entities (except for the phase following latest economic crisis) and we see a progressive transfer of decision-making powers from National States to European Union. It’s interesting – as it was done in this study – to understand how the two trends are connected and, particularly, how the European Union influences local authorities of member States. In order to appreciate differences and underline trends who associate different systems (also in the light of recent reforms), the analysis is focused on the evolution of legislation about local authorities, not only in Italy, but also in other States of European Union, Then, turning to European Union legislation, particular attention is dedicated not only to general principles listed into primary law, but also to the analysis of specific policies endowed with consideration for the role of local levels (primarily the policies about economic, social and territorial cohesion). In this way, a data comparison was made possible to understand whether the reforms interesting local authorities in recent past has been generated by legislation, by policies and actions of European Union, and to what extent. Finally, an attempt to outline the possible and future role of local Authorities into European architecture has been made, in a potential multi-level federalism perspective.
Chabaille, Fleur. "La concession française de Tianjin : une histoire connectée de l 'expansion des concessions étrangères en Chine (1846-1946)". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20153.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to further clarify the territorial deployment of foreign settlements in China in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Although the period examined extends from 1846 to the retrocession of the last concessions in 1946, special emphasis is placed on the 1910s, a decade which spelled the end of expansionist logic. The first part analyzes the project of expansion led by the French Municipality of Tianjin from 1902 to 1946 in the Laoxikai District 老西開. This symbolic example serves both as pillar and springboard for writing a connected history of the expansion of foreign settlements. The case study on Tianjin provides a clearer analysis that encompasses Shanghai and Hankou in the second part. Establishing a perspective on the three cities reveals the principles and conditions under which foreign imperialism evolved in China, where mutually competing forces played leading roles. Further, it captures and illustrates the mechanisms of exchange and compromise engaged with Chinese officials and urban citizens. It also discloses the difficult position and weakness of the Chinese State before and after the 1911 Revolution, and the complexity of the relationship between national and local authorities. Finally, it offers a unique vantage point from which to observe sections of Chinese society within the treaty ports whose forms of expression and protest experienced a significant turning point in the 1910s. Relationships between these intertwined evolutions challenge both the dominant historiographical narrative on Western triumphant imperialism and orthodox representations associated with Chinese "modern" nationalism
Шурик, Р. В. y Л. М. Хоменко. "Децентралізація державного управління: європейський досвід". Thesis, Чернігів, 2021. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/25372.
Texto completoУ кваліфікаційній роботі проаналізовано теоретико-методологічних засад процесу децентралізації державного управління. Елементами системи децентралізація державного управління є адміністративно-територіальний устрій, органи державної влади та органи місцевого самоврядування, а також механізм реалізації принципу територіального поділу країни.
The study examined to the systematic analysis of theoretical and methodological principles of the process of decentralization of public administration. The author determined that decentralization of public administration is a way of defining and differentiating tasks and functions. The research substantiated that the current regulatory framework is non-systemic, there is a problem regarding the regulation of real mechanisms for the implementation of decentralization in Ukraine.
Ritter, Bénédicte. "La notion de mutualisation des services des collectivités territoriales". Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020009.
Texto completoThe research on cooperation between local authorities goes back a long way. Since the creation of decentralized institution, motivated by the legislator, they widely took part in the development of the legal cooperative processes, pooling of services of which is an integral part. Number of legal processes may also enable the cooperation between local authorities have been built over decentralized reforms ; first and foremost through the creation of intermediate allowing the implementation of these cooperation’s, then by the possibility for local authorities to operate their own cooperation’s. Furthermore, the interest of the European Union law for the contracts between local authorities were worn by implication on pooling of services, impacting the national devices. Nowadays a specific law develops around the doctrinal notion of pooling services. The great heterogeneity of laws ‘skill allowing the pooled service and the constant evolution of legal system make difficult a measured look on these modes of cooperative management, and on the nature of this notion of pooling of services
Beguinet, Sophie. "La contribution des relations collectivité territoriale - associations à la gestion locale de la précarité : nature et modes de contrôle. : l'action sociale des collectivités territoriales". Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU2006.
Texto completoThis dissertation focuses on relationships between local authorities and local associations as a means of dealing with precariousness. The theoretical exploration of these partnerships leads us firstly to point out the triple contribution of those inter-organizational relationships to the local management of precariousness (in the form of more complete support for precarious people, better identification of precariousness, and better knowledge and expertise concerning the precarious public). It then brings us to highlight the importance of interactions between the nature of the relationship of local authorities with local associations (through commitment-trust behaviors) and the inter-organizational forms of control used in those relationships. Those interactions’ influence on the contribution’s strength of the observed relationships to the local management of precariousness is then revealed. The empirical research concentrates on the relationships between a French municipality and its associations to overcome precariousness on their territory. A qualitative approach based on a content analysis of semi-directive interviews helps paint an accurate picture of their links. A hierarchical classification of the studied relationships allows to end in a typology in three families of French municipality-associations relationships in the local management of precariousness
Simon, Antoine. "Les compétences régaliennes et les collectivités territoriales". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAD005/document.
Texto completoThe demonopolization of the regalian functions is mainly studied from the perspective of both European Union with the process of shared soverignty, and the presence of private contractors in public security. The idea of local authorities’ involvment in this demonopolization process isn’t obvious at first sight. In theory, local authorities and regalian functions are mutually exclusive. Those functions are intimately linked with the sovereignty and are entitled to be monopolized by the State. As the unique titular of the sovereignty, he is the only one able to enforce them. On the contrary, local authorities can’t interfere in those functions because they don’t posses any part of the sovereignty. This exclusion if guaranteed by the fact that the rules of local authorities originate of the State. Normally, those two concepts are opposed.However, they both go through important evolutions in the recent period. The monopolization of regalian functions by the State knows an increasing numbers of exceptions. Other entities than him are enforcing in his regalian functons as the acknwoledgement of their demonopolization arise. From their end, local authorities are continually strenghten by the decentralization process, especially since 1982-1983. The growth of their means, their jurisdiction and their influence have made them inevitable in the enforcement of public policies. Furthermore, those policies are drawned by the local areas and the comprehensive approach they seek favor the presence of local authorities in the regalian functionDespite theoritical apparences, those authorities have never beean totally excluded of the regalian functions, some historical forms of participation, under State’s control, are persistant. The decentralization process have increased interactions between regalian functions and local authorities, although it is still considered to be a borderline. Nowadays, their participation to their enforcement is growing under various forms with the State authorization. But, in certains cases, they go beyond State’s rules in order to act in a regalian function.The era of their mutual exclusion seems to be over. Since 1982, the decentralization process have favored the appearance of an association of the local authorities. The purpose of the State has evolved. He doesn’t seek an inconditionnal exclusion of local authorities but he is seeking a controled opening of his regalian’s monopoly. Now, the relation between local authorities and the regalian progress to a balanced point which respects the soverignty and in the mean time assures the autonomy of local authorities and equality among them
El, Harchaoui Abdelouafi. "Les politiques publiques locales de développement par l’attractivité des territoires". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1004.
Texto completoThe laws of decentralization have transformed public interventionism in terms of actors,content and methods. Local authorities have thus implemented attractiveness policies in thecontext of self-government to develop their territory. The principles of self-government and autonomy, foundations of local government, have led to both a change in their relationship with the central government and the proliferation of projects and instruments of implementation of public policies. Although local development policies are carried out in a constitutional, legal and regulatory legal framework, their complexity calls into question thelinks between responsibilities, and the coherence and cohesion of the mechanisms of their development and implementation. This legal dimension intersects with other political and economic considerations in the construction of a territorial policy
Marre, Anissa. "L'action internationale des collectivités territoriales françaises : La construction d'une coopération interterritoriale et interrégionale dans l'Arc latin et le Maghreb". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD002/document.
Texto completoSixty years after the first treaties between French local authorities and their foreign counterparts, many things seem to have evolved : including the states reporting of local authorities, legislative framework, international cooperation within the European union and the creation of tools to help this cooperation. From historical twinning to inter authorities cooperation and from the reconciliation of populations to territorial diplomacy, International action of local authorities continues to innovate and develop. The Mediterranean is a historic area of exchanges, migration and conflict where today manifest important economic, social and cultural challenges which determine the European and global balance. This shared history that links the Mediterranean peoples should be the basis for a durable cooperation to address current regional issues. Through these historic interactions we see that international action of local authorities is old and is an essential link in a chain of relationships with Europe and the rest of the world, these links are in a process of undergoing an evolution and are still seeking the solid foundations of their own existence
Růžička, Rastislav. "Analýza možnosti čerpání finančních prostředků z fondů EU na financování rozvojových aktivit obcí, konkretizace na příkladu obce (města)". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-200200.
Texto completoBaubonne, Mickaël. "La rationalisation de l'organisation territoriale de la République". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0043/document.
Texto completoThe abundance of proposals aiming to redraw the map of the local authorities reflects the remaining gap between their size and their role. Some authorities cannot effectively exercise their powers anymore. The first solution would be to redraw the boundaries of the local authorities; the second one would be to change the role of each level of local authorities. In both case, it is the territorial organisation of the Republic which should be reformed. It is then up to legal experts to determine whether the legislative power is allowed by the Constitution to carry out alone those reforms. If the Constitution does not always assert the jurisdiction of the State to reform the territorial organisation of the Republic, it does not forbid the State to engage alone such reforms. However, the attitude of the legislative power was to protect the interests of the existing local authorities by avoiding to remove units and by not setting a normative hierarchy between them. Consequently, the reforms carried out by the State have failed to resorb the gap between the size and the role of the local authorities. This failure does not give proof of constitutional constraints, contrary to what is argued in the political discourse. It reveals by contrast the weight of the political constraints which the legislative power has to face with, especially because of the combination of elective offices. The end of this French peculiarity will maybe confirm this assert
Yasar, Rusen. "The institutionalization of multilevel politics in Europe". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269685.
Texto completoDieng, Youma. "Le rôle des collectivités territoriales et leurs groupements dans le sauvetage des entreprises en difficulté". Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMD002/document.
Texto completoEuropean regulation has a real impact on the granting of public aid to companies in difficulty. It mainly frames this one in the maize but to guarantee the respect of the competition on the internal market. This aid is then implemented by the rules of internal origin, which specify the methods of intervention of the local public authorities. Discrepancies can be observed between texts and practice.Since the legalization, in 1982, of the economic intervention of these communities in favor of the companies, their role has been transformed and strengthened. This evolution has been facilitated by decentralization reforms having their interventions. The most recent date of 2015 (NOTRe law). Also, because of the different successive economic crises that France is experiencing. This, without doubt, justifies the number of actors who question themselves. Today, the law OUR place is "lock" the situation in agreement with the region the right jurisdiction to help companies in difficulties. However, some subregional communities are allowed to participate in the regional intervention
Salen, Pierrick. "L'emprunt des collectivités territoriales : un paradoxe du droit public financier". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010252.
Texto completoRegarding the recourse of local authorities and their consortiums to credit, the applicable legalframework went through a number of significant modifications. These modifications took place duringthe numerous reforms of the local public sector. In spite of these evolutions, the indebtness capacity of local authorities continues to be at the heart of an autonomy and constraint paradox. Theliberalisation of credit that took place during the second half of the XXth century accentuated theautonomy factor for local deciders. Local authorities must use this autonomy to find solutions to thechallenges induced by the trivialization of this tool - a tool that for a large part incorporates privatelaw - and the practices of which never cease to increase in complexity. The acquired liberty ishowever not absolute. On one hand the autonomy given to the local public sector in its recourse to debt remains relative as long as the State continues to impose a multi-layered framework - this takingplace not only through the existence of rules but also through the implementation of contro lprocedures. On the other hand, this same autonomy enabled the rise of new challenges for localdeciders : the notion of financial risk found itself at the very heart of their debt policies. The mostrecent event with regards to local debt is a perfect illustration of this autonomy and constraintparadox, and local authorities faced great difficulties regarding their resort to credit
Valerian, Benjamin. "Le patrimoine immatériel des collectivités territoriales : Protection et réservation". Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG2060/document.
Texto completoThe immaterial property of local authorities is specific and cannot be reduce to the immaterial property of the State. Some notions of public property law of goods must be define again, whereas the doctrine thought about it, that everything is acquired, and everybody thought to know. For instance, the notion of immaterial good reveals limitations of public property law. Furthermore, immaterial approach reveals also the limitations of the notion of property itself. This property is not simply made anymore that local authorities have, but also, which identify them. Immaterial property understands immaterial goods like local authorities’ name or their know-how. Therefore, the question of the reservation of these “goods” must be asked: property law is it adapted? With the “linguistic or cultural property”, the subject reveals unknown difficulties in public law, beyond of only question of property. If it seems to be too early to talk about an approach apart from property, it is clear that a reflection about the process of reservation without property is necessary. In consequence, with the evolution of public property law to an immaterial approach, and the underlying question of a “public intellectual property law”, in the same way, the question of a law about public authorities, are we attending to a prudent and reserved construction of public immaterial property law?
Bruneau, François. "Les régions autoroutières : dimensions territoriales d'une infrastructure de transport". Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100126.
Texto completoA continuous line, homogeneous and uninhabited, the representation of the highway is often and almost exclusively conceived as a functional equipment of transport and engineering, crossing territories. However, the motorway would also be crossed by these same territories, following the emergence of actors and a variety of practices. Local issues, seemingly sometimes insignificants, would eventually impose and change the design, management and operation of infrastructure. This thesis questions the existence and the nature of a territorial dimension of the highway but also an infrastructural dimension of the territory. This questioning is supported and explored by two ethnographies: one within the private operator of highways, Vinci Autoroutes, with the Directorate of Heritage and Construction of Cofiroute; the second with actors, including inhabitants, users and local elected officials, located around motorways conceded by the same private concessionaire, in the Center-Val de Loire region. The ethnographies are accompanied by a cartographic work which allows to glimpse the different articulations between infrastructures and territories. Finally, the thesis shows the necessity to apprehend the highway as a highway region, that is to say, as a space crossed by territorial questions made of significant details, beyond the infrastructure itself; and a multitude of objects, actors and practices. To do this, the highway network is broken down to reveal a set of elements, organizations and codifications, related to territories. This change in representation puts into perspective the positioning of highway infrastructure in local communities, with forms of appropriation, cooperation, exchange or divergence
Malm, Brice. "Caractérisation et modélisation de la performance achats dans les collectivités territoriales". Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2055.
Texto completoThe control of local public expenditure is a major challenge today, especially in the face of declining state allocations to local authorities. In this context, local public procurement is an important lever for action to reduce operating costs. Thus, several local authorities have initiated processes to optimize their organizations and purchasing practices. These advances, however, remain isolated and, above all, heterogeneous, insofar as these practices are not framed in an instrumental and methodological manner.This thesis examines the dimensions of purchasing performance in local authorities, in the French context. It aims to characterize current practices in terms of tools and modes of organization, to arrive at the definition of levers of optimization. Following the approach advocated by Churchill (1979), this doctoral research allows us to propose a model for evaluating the purchasing performance of local authorities, structured around 9 constituent dimensions, based on the perception of local public purchasers. Once defined, this model allows us not only to analyze the current level of maturity of local authorities in terms of purchasing performance, but also to propose recommendations, to commit themselves in a process of improvement of purchasing performance at the level of local authorities
Sempastous, Vincent. "La péréquation financière en droit des collectivités territoriales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 1, 2020. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247226030.
Texto completoThe concept of financial equalization is not a concept specific to the law of local authorities. In general, it refers to a technique of financial distribution. However, when applied to a specific law and to particular subjects, it is necessary to precisely define this notion and to identify the implications of the application of such a technique in a decentralized unitary state. Financial equalization between local authorities is a redistribution of resources intended to endow each local authority with the capacity to administer itself freely. This definition, however, does not correspond to the implementation of financial equalization today. Due to its extreme complexity and the vagueness surrounding its constitutional definition, the spirit of financial equalization seems to have gone astray at the risk of making this tool the instrument of the recentralization of the state
Doumbia, Souleymane. "Le partenariat décentralisé entre firmes multinationaleset collectivités territoriales : trois cas en Afrique de l’Ouest". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV035.
Texto completoAbstract: The innovative object of this thesis is the analysis of the relations between the MNCs and the Territorial Communities (TCs) in sub-Saharan Africa. The challenge is the end of the predatory activities of the MNCs and of the growth without development which gangrenes Africa, and the construction of a response which makes it possible to engage the extractive MNCs in the development of the territories which welcome them.We have done a radioscopy of three TCs in Liberia, Niger and Ghana where we can see successful partnerships with Firestone, Areva and AngloGold. The method consisted in obtaining complete answers from questionnaires: 37 for local businesses, 150 for the population, 30 for local authorities, 162 for local MNC employees, 48 for MNC expatriate employees, 90 on capacity building and 20 on the perception of coordination. The method is qualitative, but the convergence and the divergence of responses in the three Partnerships can provide information.The field survey revealed an overall satisfaction of 85% of the interviewed partners, MNC and territories. The purpose of the thesis is to understand the reasons for this unusual result for Africa. The framework of analysis is that of Territorialized Investment where a private or public player minimizes its exteriority by integrating itself durably by the Partnership in the game of players of the territory. It passes here a formal contract of the FMN with the State for the sharing of the ricardian rent, and an informal and incomplete contract with the TC: the Decentralized Partnership (DP).The DP is analyzed with Williamson's concepts as a "strategic alliance" which is a hybrid between market and organization. The MNC with its very specific assets suffers from high image risk which the TC, despite its weakness, has the power to secure. In return, the MNC finances transport, health and education infrastructure and support for the local economy. The success in Africa of these DPs is that they are implicit and incomplete contracts, they use the informal as a management standard, they adopt local cultures as a reference, they are inclusive to the needs of the people and they integrate the MNC into the territories. This integration strategy of the MNCs compensates the asymmetry where the TC has the power to spoil the image of the FMN and to realize according to Williamson word a "hold-up" on the sharing of rents and quasi-rents.Decentralized Partnerships, where the private sector replaces the failed state in creating infrastructure in Africa, is a way out of the LDC's "development trap". DP are able to bring the money where it is needed in the territories and to provide without bias the administrative capacity and the identification of development projects validated by the populations, what neither the Official Development Aid neither consumer-oriented remittances nor conventional FDI succeded in doing it
Yao, Nanan-M'lan. "De la coopération régionale à la paradiplomatie : contribution à l’analyse de l’action extérieure des collectivités territoriale de l’article 73 de la constitution". Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131067.
Texto completoЛашук, О. С. "Механізми державного управління розвитком регіону в контексті децентралізації владних повноважень". Thesis, Чернігів, 2019. http://ir.stu.cn.ua/123456789/17931.
Texto completoДисертацію присвячено теоретико-практичному узагальненню та новому вирішенню важливої наукової проблеми удосконалення механізмів державного управління розвитком регіону, обґрунтуванню та розробленню науково-практичних рекомендацій щодо удосконалення механізмів державного управління розвитком регіонів в контексті децентралізації. 18 Удосконалено понятійно-категоріальний апарат дослідження шляхом формулювання дефініцій: «регіон», «регіональний розвиток», «механізми державного управління розвитком регіону». Розроблено модель системи механізму державного управління розвитком регіону як сукупність пов’язаних між собою механізмів функціонування органів публічної влади та місцевого самоврядування в управлінській діяльності, відповідно до впровадження децентралізації владних повноважень. Обґрунтовано напрями вдосконалення механізмів впровадження інновацій в діяльність органів публічної влади, які згруповано за основними ознаками, а саме: напрями розвитку, напрями захисту, внутрішні напрями, стримувальні напрями та кризові напрями. Здійснено систематизацію зарубіжних та вітчизняних моделей впровадження процесу децентралізації державної влади, встановлена важлива роль децентралізації у демократизації і трансформації суспільства, переходу до інститутів, заснованих на ініціативі та відповідальності окремої людини та громади
Диссертация посвящена теоретико-практическом обобщению и новому решению важной научной проблемы совершенствования механизмов государственного управления развитием региона, обоснованию и разработке научнопрактических рекомендаций по совершенствованию механизмов государственного управления развитием регионов в контексте децентрализации. Усовершенствована понятийно-категориальный аппарат исследования путем формулирования дефиниций: «регион», «региональное развитие», «механизмы государственного управления развитием региона». Разработана модель системы механизма государственного управления развитием региона как совокупность связанных между собой механизмов функционирования органов публичной власти и местного самоуправления в управленческой деятельности, согласно внедрения децентрализации властных полномочий. Обоснованы направления совершенствования механизмов внедрения инноваций в деятельность органов публичной власти, сгруппированные по основным признакам, а именно: направления развития, направления защиты, внутренние направления, сдерживающие направления и кризисные направления. Осуществлена систематизация зарубежных и отечественных моделей внедрения процесса децентрализации государственной власти, установленная важная роль децентрализации в демократизации и трансформации общества, перехода к институтам, основанных на инициативе и ответственности отдельного человека и общества
The dissertation is devoted to theoretical and practical generalization and a new solution of an important scientific problem of improving the mechanisms of state governance for the development of the region, the substantiation and development of scientific and practical recommendations on improving the mechanisms of state governance in the development of regions in the context of decentralization. The conceptual-categorical apparatus of the research has been improved by defining the definitions: "region", "regional development", "mechanisms of state governance for the development of the region". The model of the system of the state governance mechanism for the development of the region is developed as a set of interconnected mechanisms of functioning of public authorities and local self-government bodies in the management activity, in accordance with the introduction of decentralization of power. The directions of improvement of mechanisms of introduction of innovations into the activity of bodies of public power, which are grouped according to the main features, namely: directions of development, directions of protection, internal directions, restraining directions and crisis directions, are substantiated. The systematization of foreign and domestic models of the implementation of the process of decentralization of state power has been organized, an important role of decentralization in democratization and transformation of society, the transition to institutions based on the initiative and responsibility of the individual and the community has been established
Mangilli, Doucé Marie Lyne. "Politiques et stratégies de communication à l’œuvre dans les territoires métropolitains". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALL001.
Texto completoThe thesis studies how the rise of metropolitan levels is accompanied by communication strategies and policies. Metropolises, dedicated to thinking about structuring development over their entire territory, but kept under municipal control, due to their mode of election in particular, are crossed by political and territorial tensions. Thus, metropolitan communication policies are constrained by a double imperative: the need to contribute to the ideal shaping of a new space for territorial political action and to consolidate the intermediate and elective political spaces that constitute them. Three types of methodologies have been developed: corpus analyzes made up of municipal and metropolitan publications; semi-structured interviews with elected officials, technicians, journalists and actors in the metropolitan area, and field observations. These analyzes highlight the opposing communication strategies developed vis-à-vis the metropolitan levels by the intermediate levels as well as the bypass strategies operated by the metropolitan communication policies. Whether they take the form of a technicalization of governance or a minimization of political power, these strategies normalize the capacity for political action of the Metropolises and neutralize the oppositions that cross them. All of these elements result in an opacity of metropolitan political issues. A trend accompanied by the difficult emergence of essentially metropolitan public spaces, due to the capture of public debate by the municipal level. As a result, Metropolises, endowed with structuring skills for the territory, are difficult to grasp for citizens, inhabitants and users. An element which leads to question its democratic character
Hersant, Emilie. "Les collectivités territoriales et le secteur énergétique". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017213.
Texto completoLegendre, Jean-Baptiste. "La libre administration des collectivités territoriales à l'épreuve de l'obligation d'équilibre budgétaire". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR142.
Texto completoAs a result of decentralisation, local authorities enjoy a constitutionally acknowledged free administration. Taking this as a starting point, it appears that the local authorities’ action comes within a remit characterised by freedom. In this way, due to their activities, local authorities are bound to have a deep impact in terms of public subsidies. This is not so only because their action is peculiarly exercised at a local level and closely felt by the citizens, but also because it is influenced by various stakeholders who may express freedom through several modalities. The local authorities’ exercise of free administration, including the skills it entails and allows to develop, is likely to have financial consequences. To start with this presentation is an invitation to consider the existence of necessary resources for the financing of the freedom implemented by the local authorities. This will then bring us to acknowledge that the fulfilment of such a freedom is likely to generate expenses. Thereby, as local authorities exercise free administration, this brings upon an intensified financial activity on their side. In this context, the comparison between the amounts of revenues and expenditure may bring about the issue of a balanced budget. Moreover, taking it into consideration may even confer a prescriptive value to it. Thus, considering the budget balance as a standard will allow us to outline a new approach to the local authorities’ free administration. Inasmuch as a contradiction between them may be pointed out, the local authorities’ free administration is being put to the test by the rule of budget balance. However, this contradiction, which is initially anticipated, is likely to be taken over by local authorities. It is with this aim in view that an appeal to responsibility as an element external to the conflict between freedom and balance will change its terms. So two logics are conceivable - either local authorities are led by a sense of responsibility to the benefit of their free administration and embrace budget balance for the sake of the benefits that may derive from it - which would enhance heteronomy -, or they are led to consider budget balance as an inherent rule to freedom and to apply it as a proper law by duty and regardless of its beneficial effects - which would amount to autonomy
Huglo, Benjamin. "La contractualisation des relations entre l'Etat et les collectivités territoriales". Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020037.
Texto completoThe development of contractual technique between the State and local authorities in France is an opportunity to reflect on the evolution of their relationship. The contractualisation of relationship between the State and local governments (territorial contractualisation) has become the symbol of an unfinished decentralization, halfway between a model based on principles of the Jacobins and another model based on partnership or the idea of co-administration. Territorial contractualisation appears as anopportunity to transcend this difficulty. It is based primarily on the implementation ofsoft law techniques, as administrative agreements, even if the legal recognition is not currently accomplished. This circumstance is likely to mislead the territorial contracts for an instrument additional supervision for the benefit of the State. The territorial contractualisation is thus diverted from its original purpose : to organize the state - local government relationship in a new context. Indeed, the crisis of public finances associated with an unprecedented political and legal globalization requires a major adaptation of French institutional structures which remains the linchpin state - local government relationship. Territorial contractualisation appears to be the only tool able to absorb all of these new settings to build a state - local government relationship with the principles on which it is supposed to be based
Hersant, Emilie. "Les collectivités territoriales et le secteur énergétique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE0005.
Texto completoLocal authorities present themselves as key players in the energy sector. However, the relationshipbetween energy and local authorities is quite ambiguous due to the eminently strategic nature ofenergy. If, at the beginning oh the XXth century, local authorities were in charge of a real local publicservice through energy supply, the reality of such a trait is today disputable. The 1946 nationalizationled to question the real local nature of energy supply. In spite of recent energy market liberalization,local authorities could not recapture their traditional function. However, they gradually seem to find anew energy legitimacy by owing to more and more important concerns : environmental protection andenergy supply safety. This study intends to analyze interactions between local authorities and energythrough a decentralization problematic. Energy sector, as strategic as it is, does not prevent fromintroducing a certain form of decentralization. Local authorities have a key role to play, even if it doesnot concern the global energy sector. Thus, from an industrial and commercial taking on, localauthorities are becoming more and more involved in energy sector through the environmental prism
Zahed, Mahrez. "Gestion publique locale et performance : les collectivités territoriales face aux défis de la nouvelle gouvernance". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1024.
Texto completoThe preservation of public spending, moreover in times of financial crises is an ongoing challenge for government. This strong political will has found its significance in the broad political consensus generated by the preparation and implementation of the Organic Law which would enable good governance and sound public expenditure. This new “Constitution” financial laid the groundwork for the performance process at the state level. The link between economic and financial conditions on the one hand and the quest for a reform of the state for the sound management of public expenditure and the other is clear.The local public performance is presented both as a management objective in view of all initiatives at local level, but also as a management tool because of its impact, including financial
Mugnier, Florian. "La personnalité juridique des collectivités territoriales : genèse et développement d'une personne morale dans l'État". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2020. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/secure/isbn/9782247218806.
Texto completoThe notion of territorial collectivity seems to be one of the most well-known in french public law, and especially administrative law. Amongst its principal characteristics lays its identification as a public legal person. However, territorial collectivities haven't always been identified as "legal persons". Moreover, municipalities and departments haven't always been identified as "territorial collectivities". These latter qualities actually haven't always existed and were not refused as much as they hadn't been conceived early enough. Written law, case law and jurisprudence from the beginning of the 19th century did not use those notions, meaning nothing apparently lead certain administrative units, such as towns and departments, to be viewed as "territorial collectivities" endowed, as such, with legal personality. Beyond questions about legal regime, competencies assignment, self-government or decentralization, the notion of "legal personality of territorial collectivities" has only gradually emerged up to the point where it became stable in lawyers' minds and narratives. Still, albeit many studies have been lead on legal personality itself as well as related to the State, none has yet specifically concerned territorial collectivities. Thus, the aim of the present dissertation is to determine which process guided the wake of this notion, its genesis as well as its establishment, by following the path that brought to the idea that "territorial collectivities are public legal persons"
Louis-Sidney, Marguerite. "Régularisation foncière de l’occupation sans titre de la propriété des personnes publiques dans les collectivités territoriales de l’article 73 de la Constitution". Thesis, Antilles, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANTI0498.
Texto completoUntitled occupancy infringes the property rights of public persons in their public and private domains. These are recurrent facts in the local authorities of Article 73 of the Constitution: Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyana, Reunion, and Mayotte. To curb this illegal occupation, which is the vector of legal and land insecurity, notwithstanding the infringement of their property rights, these public persons carry out land regularizations focused on the issuance or validation of a title of property for the benefit of untitled people of their public domain, including the fifty geometric steps zone, through legal arrangements, and their private domain, through local arrangements. However, the question is: are these regularization procedures appropriate to definitively respond to Parliament's objective of curbing untitled overseas occupation in local authorities of Article 73 of the Constitution and, on the contrary, do they not constitute the legitimization of an infringement on the property rights of public persons? Given the persistence of untitled occupation overseas, it would be appropriate to move from unequal land regularization to public interest land regularization, better regulated. Land regularization is a necessary limit to the right of ownership, the basis of which is in the will of the owner, in the public interest, or even in the public utility. Backed by respect for human dignity and the right to dignified housing, it leads to an improvement in its tools, and contributes to the emergence of a real right of land regularization overseas
Froment-Maire, Anne. "L'organisation administrative française à l'épreuve de l'évolution des notions de sécurité et de défense". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0236.
Texto completoRethinking administrative action within the new security/defense continuum has become imperative since the institutional set-up constitutes the basis for security action. It was of paramount importance to assess the impact that the evolution of the notions of security and defense - now become the two faces of the same coin - bears on the functioning of the administration. This is all the more essential since the substance of security keeps expanding. The tools available to meet these objectives have been adapted to re-organize the partners’ roles with a view to overhauling the semantic framework of security within a territorial reorganization, allowing redefining the relationships between the State and the local authorities. Complexity has however impeded the relationships between the various administrations, involving institutional partners with those of defense. Solutions have been sought through the development of partnerships between public entities, opting for supranational options and particularly European trans-border cooperations
Février, Rémy. "Management de la sécurité des systèmes d'information : les collectivités territoriales face aux risques numériques". Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020025.
Texto completoThis doctoral thesis aims at answering a key question: what is the level of consideration given to Information Systems Security (ISS) by the French local authorities (LAs)? The latter are now facing new challenges that require an ever-increasing use of new technologies (e-government, e-democracy, dematerialization of call for tenders...). The under-researched territorial IT risk becomes a major issue in the sphere of public services and the protection of personal data. Theoretically based and constructed through successive professional positions, our theoretical model helps measure the actual level of inclusion of digital risk taking into account the respective influence of a set of characteristics of local authorities. A field survey was conducted with the close collaboration of representatives of LAs.While numerical risk requires a high level awareness by LA decision makers, it appears that they have a very imperfect knowledge of IT security related risks as well as of direct or indirect threats that may jeopardize their management systems. A potential solution lies with the definition of a specific public policy and with the implementation of appropriate procedures at the level of each community
Darbousset, Charley. "Recherches sur la notion de péréquation en droit public". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688132.
Texto completoBetancur, Ramirez Santiago. "Recherches sur la projection internationale des entités subétatiques : théories, pratiques et enseignements croisés". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GREND002.
Texto completoThe processes of globalization, regionalization and decentralization have created different effects on local dynamics, national and international, causing a higher participation of sub-state entities in the international arena. This action, which may be encouraged by the central government's inability to meet the interests of local authorities on the national and international scene, as well as various political and administrative elements, cultural and economic, has become a phenomenon increasingly taken with greater importance and recognition. This has established an initiative that has spread not only on the European continent but also other geographical areas, such as Latin America. These actions have achieved great traction and interest in a dynamic regarding not only regional but also global in the interests of the local sphere. In this international front, local authorities have projected, on the one hand, through different tools (individual and / or collective), strategic actions contributing to local development, on the other hand, actions that allow them to cooperate and conquer significant spaces on top scenes and consolidated as essential players in processes and important regional and global scenes. This inclusion of non-central governments on the international scene, accompanied by the appreciation of the local sphere, the opening of spaces and an evolution of the international discourse about their role in global issues, regional and national, is an element to project the beginning of a change in the landscape of the international system. This paper studies the emergence of new actors on the international scene and particularly the international influence of local governments on this arena. In this context, we have also identified the process of commitment and implementation of such actions by cities around the world, particularly the activities of Barcelona in Spain, and Medellín in Colombia . Additionally, we have been concerned about the recognition and inclusion of local government in higher structures within regional and global frameworks, such as Mercosur and the UN. This has been done, in part, through the collective action of cities and a network organization, such as networks of Mercociudades and UCLG
Sevgili, Fatma Didem. "La responsabilité de l'Etat et des collectivités territoriales. Les problèmes d'imputabilité et de répartition". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30004/document.
Texto completoThe problem of determining the person public responsible has two points: first step is finding a debtor to indemnify the victim second step is distribution of the financial load among those responsible for compensation of the damage. There are three criteria used by the administrative judge to determine the person responsible public: organic criterion, functional criterion and decision criterion. Yet none of them is sufficient to explain all cases of responsibility. However; in principle we can say that the responsibility follows the competence. In this instance it becomes particularly important to determine the powers of the different public bodies, but in reality it is not always perfectly characterised. On the other hand, concerning the distribution of the load compensation two criteria can be used one of them is the severity of each fault, the other one is the causal roles of each co-responsible on the formation of the damage
Belveze, Corinne. "Construire une influence dans les interstices de l'Union Européenne.Mobilisation et place des collectivités territoriales européennes dans les textes adoptés en procédure législative ordinaire (paquets "économie circulaire" et "énergie propre pour tous les européens")". Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC1020.
Texto completoDo local and regional authorities have an influence on texts adopted in ordinary legislative procedure at European level? Focusing on energy and waste and adopting a definition of influence as the extent to which authorities are taken into account in the successive drafts, the thesis follows the way in which this type of actors mobilizes and tries to influence the Community legislative process throughout its development (from its preparation within the European Commission to trilogues and the adoption of texts). To do so, it relies on a methodology centered on "text writers" and combining process-tracing, attributed influence and textual analysis.Our research shows that, depending on the case at stake, local and regional authorities can be more or less influential, at all levels of the legislative process, and are not necessarily supported by the Commission or the Parliament as an institution. If certain political groups, segments of the Commission or Member States seem more inclined to give them their support depending on the issues (with variability including within each sector), the authorities are actually faced with two obstacles: the interpretation of the principle of subsidiarity by legislators and the objective of a competitive European internal market.In cases where we find, despite of these obstacles, a strong influence of local and regional authorities, we identify specific formulations in legislative texts that make it possible to circumvent these obstacles, and which we have called "editorial parries". We highlight two types of them in our case studies: “parries by mixing”, which consist in integrating local and regional authorities into a larger private category, and “parries by invisibizing”, which avoid mentioning authorities and their role. These "editorial parries" suggest that local and regional authorities enjoy a step-by-step and relatively low profile influence in the texts, but still real