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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Température atmosphérique – Arctique – Modèles mathématiques"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Température atmosphérique – Arctique – Modèles mathématiques"
Gagné, Karine. "Climat". Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.110.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Température atmosphérique – Arctique – Modèles mathématiques"
Maillard, Julia. "Boundary layer processes impacting the surface energy balance in the Arctic". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS515.pdf.
Texto completoThe Arctic is warming at two to three times as fast as the rest of the Earth, and it is therefore a crucial area of study for atmospheric scientists. This thesis aimed to gain insight on two characteristics of the Arctic boundary-layer (clouds and surface based temperature inversions) and to determine their impact on the surface energy balance through a combination of novel measurements and modelling. First, a novel statistic of cloud frequency and characteristics over the Arctic sea-ice was derived from a set of 1777 lidar profiles obtained during the 5-year Ice, Atmosphere, Ocean Observation Systems (IAOOS) campaign. Clouds were found to occur more than 85% of the time from May to October and single cloud layers were optically and geometrically thickest in October. Total cloud radiative forcing over a typical summer cycle was estimated to be negative for optically thin clouds, but positive for optically thick clouds. Second, the impact of wind speeds on the development of surface-based temperature inversions (SBIs) in the continental Arctic was investigated. The analysis of measurements from the pre-ALPACA winter 2019 campaign that took place in Fairbanks, Alaska, showed that a local, likely topographically driven flow developed under anticyclonic conditions. This flow inhibited the development of strong SBIs by sustaining significant turbulence even under very strong radiative cooling. The modelling of clear-sky surface layer temperature inversions and their dependence on wind speed was then studied, with a focus on forest areas. A 2-layer analytical model of the vegetated surface layer was developed. This model exhibited a slower decrease of the SBI strength with wind speed compared to a 1-layer model, which was shown to be coherent with observations at an Ameriflux site close to Fairbanks. These models were then compared to two WRF surface layer schemes, which were found to place excessive limits on the turbulence, preventing the development of large temperature gradients
Saunier, Sébastien. "Influence d'un gradient thermique sur le frittage d'alumines : approche expérimentale, modélisation et simulation numérique". Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EMSE0004.
Texto completoWith the development of the new sintering processes, thermal cycles become more and more shorter. Such thermal cycles lead to thermal gradients development into the sample. Then, a question can be asked : What are the consequences of these gradients on material sinterability. Within this framework, this study aims to bring a better understanding of the temperature gradient effects on alumina sintering. For that, a furnace was developed. Thanks to this furnace, the effects of a thermal gradient have been investigated independently of a fast heating rate. Comparisons were performed between sintering with and without thermal gradient (for the same heating rate and same annealing period). Experimental results showed that a thermal gradient applied in the initial stage of sintering conducts to a delay of the specific surface area drop and finally to an increase of densification. Moreover, it was shown that a thermal gradient applied at the beginning of sintering can modify the impurities' mobility. If the gradient is applied during the intermediary and final stage of sintering, it leads to important changes in the characteristics of the final material : an increase of densification and a reduction of the average particle size occur simultaneously. These results were correlated with the development of internal stresses in the material. From these considerations and characteristics of the studied powders, a model of sintering was developed using bingham-like constitutive equations. The simulations carried out starting from this model showed, contrary to the model classically used to describe sintering (newtonian model), a good adequacy with the experimental results
Coopman, Quentin. "Impact des aérosols sur les nuages en Arctique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10154/document.
Texto completoThe Arctic region is warming particularly rapidly. The aerosol-cloud interaction (ACI) plays an important role on cloud radiative properties and climate change but aerosol impact on cloud microphysical parameters is still poorly understood.In this study we combine measurements from the satellite instruments POLDER-3 and MODIS to temporally and spatially co-localize cloud microphysical properties with carbon monoxide concentrations, passive tracer of aerosol content, from GEOS-Chem and FLEXPART. We also add ERA-I reanalysis of meteorological parameters to stratify meteorological parameters, such as specific humidity and lower tropospheric stability. Thus, observed differences in cloud-microphysical-parameters can be attributed to differences in aerosol content and not in meteorological parameters. We define a net ACI (ACInet) which can be interpreted as a measure of the sensitivity of a cloud at any given location to pollution plumes from distant sources. We study the impact of aerosols from anthropogenic and biomass-burning sources on liquid-cloud microphysical properties in Arctic, between 2005 and 2010, above ocean, and for different meteorological regimes. Our results suggest that the effect of biomass pollution plumes is smaller than the effect of anthropogenic pollution plumes. Meteorological parameters can significantly influence the ACI. We analyze the impact of anthropogenic aerosol on thermodynamic phase transition. The smaller the effective radius, the greater the supercooled temperature, whereas the greater the aerosol concentration, the smaller the supercooled temperature
Dudamel, Wilmer. "Modélisation et simulation de l'influence de la température lors de l'adsorption de micropolluants organiques par du charbon actif dans les eaux naturelles". Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S024.
Texto completoFischer, Laurent. "Etude de paramètres climatiques pertinents en vue de l'amélioration de la prévision des pointes de pollution par l'ozone dans l'agglomération de Strasbourg". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR1GEO7.
Texto completoIoannidis, Eleftherios. "Local and remote sources of Arctic air pollution". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03889862.
Texto completoThe Arctic region is warming faster than any other region on Earth due to the effect of greenhouse gases, notably CO2, and short-lived climate forcers of anthropogenic origin, such as black carbon (BC). Over the last 20-30 years, remote anthropogenic emissions over mid-latitude regions have been decreasing. Anthropogenic emissions within the Arctic are also contributing and might increase in the future and further affect Arctic air pollution and climate. Natural emissions, such as sea-spray aerosols, also might increase due to on-going climate change. However, the processes and sources influencing Arctic aerosols and trace gases are poorly quantified, especially in wintertime. In this thesis, quasi-hemispheric and regional simulations are performed using the Weather Research Forecast model, coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem). The model is used to investigate atmospheric composition over the wider Arctic and during two field campaigns, one in northern Alaska at Barrow, Utqiagvik in January and February 2014 and the second in Fairbanks, central Alaska in November and December 2019 during the French pre-ALPACA (Alaskan Layered Pollution And Chemical Analysis) campaign. First, modelled inorganic and sea-spray (SSA) aerosols are evaluated at remote Arctic sites during wintertime. Then, the model is improved with respect to SSA treatments, following evaluation against Barrow field campaign data, and their contribution to the total aerosol burden within the Arctic region is quantified. A series of sensitivity runs are performed over northern Alaska, revealing model uncertainties in processes influencing SSA in the Arctic such as the presence of sea-ice and open leads. Second, a sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate processes and sources influencing wintertime BC over the wider Arctic and over northern Alaska, with a focus on removal treatments and regional emissions. Variations in model sensitivity to wet and dry deposition is found across the Arctic and could explain model biases. Over northern Alaska, regional emissions from petroleum extraction are found to make an important contribution to observed BC. Model results are also sensitive to planetary boundary layer parameterisation schemes. Third, the improved version of the model is used to investigate the contribution of regional and local sources on air pollution in the Fairbanks area in winter 2019. Using up-to-date emissions, the model performs better in winter 2019 than in winter 2014, when compared to observations at background sites across Alaska. Underestimations in modelled BC and sulphate aerosols can be partly explained by lacking local and regional anthropogenic emissions. In the case of sulphate, additional secondary aerosol formation mechanisms under dark/cold conditions also need to be considered
Fontin, Mickaël. "Contribution à la génération de séries synthétiques de pluies, de débits et de températures". Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT117H.
Texto completoWardeh, George. "Les phénomènes de gel-dégel dans les matériaux à base de terre cuite et les conséquences sur leur durabilité : expériences et modélisation". Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30200.
Texto completoLoua, René Tato. "Variabilité et tendances des paramètres météorologiques en Guinée : analyse des forçages par méthodes numériques Climatology of Guinea: Study of Climate Variability in N’zerekore Climatological analysis of temperature and pluviometry in Guinea 1960-2016 Study on Temporal Variations of Surface Temperature and Rainfall at Conakry Airport, Guinea: 1960–2016 Surface Temperature Trend Estimation over 12 Sites in Guinea Using 57 Years of Ground-Based Data". Thesis, La Réunion, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LARE0003.
Texto completoIn a context of climate change, the variability of meteorological parameters remains very sensitive to our environment. This work is part of a global perspective of the analysis of annual, inter-annual and spatial variability of meteorological parameters in Guinea. It is based on the exploitation of long series of observations (57 years) measured by 12 meteorological stations spread over all regions of Guinea. The objective of this thesis is to investigate these original series in order to improve our understanding of climate variability and associated geophysical processes. The approach developed in this PhD is based on a climatological analysis, followed by decanal trend assessment by the use of very recent and adapted numerical methods. The study shows that temperature variability is dominated by annual and semi-annual seasonal cycles, while rainfall variability is characterized by a predominantly annual cycle. The results have shown a significant increase in temperature trends and a decrease in precipitations since late 1960s. It was also found that the spatial distributions of temperature and rainfall have negative and positive latitudinal gradients equatorward, respectively. However, rainfall records remain very high in the coastal region and in the south-eastern part of the country. In addition to the semi-annual and annual oscillations, the investigated forcings do contribute to temperature and rainfall variability on different spatial and temporal scales. Among these forcings, we examined and quantified, for all regions, the contributions of Atlantic Niño, the Niño 3.4 Index, the AMM Index, the TNA Index and the Solar Flux. As for the long-term trend analysis, our results show that temperatures have globally increased from +0.04 to +0.21°C/decade. The northern half and the southern region of Guinea recorded the highest warming, followed by the coastal region which is under coastal, topographical and urbanization effects
Monlouis-Bonnaire, Jean-Philippe. "Modélisation numérique des transferts couplés air-eau-sel dans les matériaux cimentaires et les terres cuites". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30135.
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