Artículos de revistas: "Teeth Growth Molecular aspects"

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About, Imad y Thimios A. Mitsiadis. "Molecular Aspects of Tooth Pathogenesis and Repair: in vivo and in vitro Models". Advances in Dental Research 15, n.º 1 (agosto de 2001): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374010150011501.

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Several growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules, which are expressed during embryonic tooth development, are re-expressed in dental tissues under pathological conditions. Pathological conditions such as caries lesions and dental injuries are often lethal to the odontoblasts, which are then replaced by other pulp cells. These cells are able to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and produce a reparative dentin. Here we demonstrate the in vivo distribution of several molecules in human permanent teeth under normal and pathological conditions. The intermediate filament protein nestin, which is a marker of young odontoblasts, is absent from old permanent teeth. Similarly, the Notch protein, which is involved in cell fate specification and is localized in the sub-odontoblastic cell layer during odontogenesis, is not detected in adult dental tissues. In carious and injured teeth, nestin is expressed in a selective manner in odontoblasts surrounding the injury site, while Notch is expressed in the sub-odontoblastic layer of cells. We reproduced this physiological event in an in vitro culture system. Pulp cells cultured in the presence of P-glycerophosphate formed mineralization nodules. As odontoblasts, pulp cells contributing to the nodule formation express type I collagen, osteonectin, dentin sialophosphoprotein, and nestin. In this in vitro assay system, nestin is up-regulated after local application of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 and 4. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy showed that both the organic and the mineral compositions of the nodules have the characteristics of human dentin and differ from those of enamel and bone. These findings show that both the molecular and the mineral characteristics of the human dentin matrix are respected in the in vitro culture conditions.

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Yang, Chao, Yu Chen, Liwu Zhong, Min You, Zhiling Yan, Maowen Luo, Bo Zhang, Benyanzi Yang y Qiang Chen. "Homogeneity and heterogeneity of biological characteristics in mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cords and exfoliated deciduous teeth". Biochemistry and Cell Biology 98, n.º 3 (junio de 2020): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/bcb-2019-0253.

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have proven powerful potential for cell-based therapy both in regenerative medicine and disease treatment. Human umbilical cords and exfoliated deciduous teeth are the main sources of MSCs with no donor injury or ethical issues. The goal of this study was to investigate the differences in the biological characteristics of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). UCMSCs and SHEDs were identified by flow cytometry. The proliferation, differentiation, migration, chemotaxis, paracrine, immunomodulatory, neurite growth-promoting capabilities, and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity were comparatively studied between these two MSCs in vitro. The results showed that both SHEDs and UCMSCs expressed cell surface markers characteristic of MSCs. Furthermore, SHEDs exhibited better capacity for proliferation, migration, promotion of neurite growth, and chondrogenic differentiation. Meanwhile, UCMSCs showed more outstanding adipogenic differentiation and chemotaxy. Additionally, there were no significant differences in osteogenic differentiation, immunomodulatory capacity, and the proportion of ALDHBright compartment. Our findings indicate that although both UCMSCs and SHEDs are mesenchymal stem cells and presented some similar biological characteristics, they also have differences in many aspects, which might be helpful for developing future clinical cellular therapies.

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Panaretto, BA. "Gene expression of potential morphogens during hair follicle and tooth formation: a review". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 5, n.º 4 (1993): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9930345.

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Early work on the morphogenesis of hairs and teeth was largely descriptive histology and established the times and order of visible initiation of anlagen and their patterns of development. However, in the last 30 years, many growth factors have been discovered; more recently, their expression during morphogenesis has been determined and immunohistochemistry has enabled the visualization of structural elements of organs. This review is concerned primarily with aspects of these recent phases of research with respect to the formation of hairs and, to a lesser degree, teeth. The expression of several growth factors including bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4, the glycoprotein tenascin, the proteoglycan syndecan, and the expression of the mammalian homologue of Notch, cadherins and epimorphin is examined here during the early stages of organogenesis, primarily to review the type of research that should be extended to the organogenesis of wool fibres in Merino sheep. Signal transduction, the third and increasingly complex phase of research that is now rapidly developing, follows the establishment of ligand-receptor complexes during morphogenesis and is included here in a preliminary way.

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Uzun, Berna, Dilber Uzun Ozsahin, Hani Hamdan, Jinan Charafeddine, Gürkan Ünsal y Deniz Özyer. "Optimization of Dental Devices and Tools Used on Teeth". BioMed Research International 2021 (6 de agosto de 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9913788.

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Taking decisions is important in every aspect of life. Decision-making has become a difficult problem in any situation where there are multiple criteria. The application of multicriteria decision-making methods that can bring mathematical and logical solutions to the problem from an analytical perspective has experienced considerable growth recently. It provides great benefits in solution and subsequent stages. Medical equipment selection is also a challenging, complex, and difficult problem for the decision-maker, due to the requirements of conflicting criteria, which must be taken into account simultaneously. In this context, the aim of this study implicates the principle of multicriteria decision-making theories on various types of instruments used in dentistry. Since the data used in this study are not numeric but linguistic, the Fuzzy PROMETHEE decision-making method is used. In this research, six dental tools most commonly used by professionals to perform operations on patients are compared and evaluated. Fuzzy PROMETHEE decision-making method investigations show that the dental mirror is the most effective tool among all compared tools, followed by dental suction, dental air abrasion, dental handpiece, dental laser, and dental X-ray, consequently, basing on the selected criteria and the importance weight given to each criterion. Using this technique, one can obtain more specific ranking results based on a specific preference level.

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Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R. "Developmental palaeontology in synapsids: the fossil record of ontogeny in mammals and their closest relatives". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, n.º 1685 (13 de enero de 2010): 1139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.2005.

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The study of fossilized ontogenies in mammals is mostly restricted to postnatal and late stages of growth, but nevertheless can deliver great insights into life history and evolutionary mechanisms affecting all aspects of development. Fossils provide evidence of developmental plasticity determined by ecological factors, as when allometric relations are modified in species which invaded a new space with a very different selection regime. This is the case of dwarfing and gigantism evolution in islands. Skeletochronological studies are restricted to the examination of growth marks mostly in the cement and dentine of teeth and can provide absolute age estimates. These, together with dental replacement data considered in a phylogenetic context, provide life-history information such as maturation time and longevity. Palaeohistology and dental replacement data document the more or less gradual but also convergent evolution of mammalian growth features during early synapsid evolution. Adult phenotypes of extinct mammals can inform developmental processes by showing a combination of features or levels of integration unrecorded in living species. Some adult features such as vertebral number, easily recorded in fossils, provide indirect information about somitogenesis and hox-gene expression boundaries. Developmental palaeontology is relevant for the discourse of ecological developmental biology, an area of research where features of growth and variation are fundamental and accessible among fossil mammals.

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Lacruz, Rodrigo S., Stefan Habelitz, J. Timothy Wright y Michael L. Paine. "Dental Enamel Formation and Implications for Oral Health and Disease". Physiological Reviews 97, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2017): 939–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00030.2016.

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Dental enamel is the hardest and most mineralized tissue in extinct and extant vertebrate species and provides maximum durability that allows teeth to function as weapons and/or tools as well as for food processing. Enamel development and mineralization is an intricate process tightly regulated by cells of the enamel organ called ameloblasts. These heavily polarized cells form a monolayer around the developing enamel tissue and move as a single forming front in specified directions as they lay down a proteinaceous matrix that serves as a template for crystal growth. Ameloblasts maintain intercellular connections creating a semi-permeable barrier that at one end (basal/proximal) receives nutrients and ions from blood vessels, and at the opposite end (secretory/apical/distal) forms extracellular crystals within specified pH conditions. In this unique environment, ameloblasts orchestrate crystal growth via multiple cellular activities including modulating the transport of minerals and ions, pH regulation, proteolysis, and endocytosis. In many vertebrates, the bulk of the enamel tissue volume is first formed and subsequently mineralized by these same cells as they retransform their morphology and function. Cell death by apoptosis and regression are the fates of many ameloblasts following enamel maturation, and what cells remain of the enamel organ are shed during tooth eruption, or are incorporated into the tooth’s epithelial attachment to the oral gingiva. In this review, we examine key aspects of dental enamel formation, from its developmental genesis to the ever-increasing wealth of data on the mechanisms mediating ionic transport, as well as the clinical outcomes resulting from abnormal ameloblast function.

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Sillen, Andrew y Vincent Balter. "Strontium isotopic aspects of Paranthropus robustus teeth; implications for habitat, residence, and growth". Journal of Human Evolution 114 (enero de 2018): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.09.009.

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Stojanovic, Ljiljana. "Etiological aspects of anterior open bite". Medical review 60, n.º 3-4 (2007): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0704151s.

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Introduction. Open bite is a multifactorial phenomenon and no single factor can account for open-bite. Etiology plays an important role in diagnosis. Heredity, unfavorable growth patterns, incorrect jaw postoure, are the characteristics of skeletal open bite. Digit sucking. Depending on where the thumb is placed, a number of different types of dental problems can develop. Malocclusions of the late mixed or permanent dentitions, caused by thumb sucking are not self corrected and orthodontic treatment is necessary for their correction. Lymphatic tissue. In order to produce oral respiration, the mandible is postured inferiorly with the tongue protruded and resting against the oral floor. This postural alteration induces dental and skeletal modifications similar to those caused by thumb sucking. This may cause excessive eruption of the posterior teeth, leading to an increase in the vertical dimension of the face and result in development of anterior open bite. Tongue thrust. Tongue habits cause an anterior open bite or they develop secondarily to thumb sucking. In skeletal open bite the tongue habit acts as a secondary factor which helps to maintain or exacerbate the condition. Many orthodontists have had a discouraging experience of completing dental treatment, with what appeared to be good results, only to discover that the case had relapsed because the patient had a tongue thrust swallowing pattern. Conclusion. Dentoalveolar or habitual open bite is caused by habits, which influence the growth and development of dentoalveolar processes and contribute to occlusal disharmonies. Prior to eruption of adult dentition, open bite related to oral habits is usually not a concern as when the habits stop, because the erupting dentition tends to improve spontaneously. Treatment is usually not necessary until permanent teeth erupt (~6 years old). .

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Alves da Silva, Adinan, Cíntia Oliveira Silva, Vanessa do Rosario Rosa, Michel Filiphy Silva Santos, Kacilda Naomi Kuki, Maximiller Dal-Bianco, Rafael Delmond Bueno et al. "Metabolic adjustment and regulation of gene expression are essential for increased resistance to severe water deficit and resilience post-stress in soybean". PeerJ 10 (18 de marzo de 2022): e13118. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13118.

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Background Soybean is the main oilseed crop grown in the world; however, drought stress affects its growth and physiology, reducing its yield. The objective of this study was to characterize the physiological, metabolic, and genetic aspects that determine differential resistance to water deficit in soybean genotypes. Methods Three soybean genotypes were used in this study, two lineages (L11644 and L13241), and one cultivar (EMBRAPA 48-C48). Plants were grown in pots containing 8 kg of a mixture of soil and sand (2:1) in a greenhouse under sunlight. Soil moisture in the pots was maintained at field capacity until the plants reached the stage of development V4 (third fully expanded leaf). At this time, plants were subjected to three water treatments: Well-Watered (WW) (plants kept under daily irrigation); Water Deficit (WD) (withholding irrigation until plants reached the leaf water potential at predawn of −1.5 ± 0.2 MPa); Rewatered (RW) (plants rehydrated for three days after reached the water deficit). The WW and WD water treatments were evaluated on the eighth day for genotypes L11644 and C48, and on the tenth day for L13241, after interruption of irrigation. For the three genotypes, the treatment RW was evaluated after three days of resumption of irrigation. Physiological, metabolic and gene expression analyses were performed. Results Water deficit inhibited growth and gas exchange in all genotypes. The accumulation of osmolytes and the concentrations of chlorophylls and abscisic acid (ABA) were higher in L13241 under stress. The metabolic adjustment of lineages in response to WD occurred in order to accumulate amino acids, carbohydrates, and polyamines in leaves. The expression of genes involved in drought resistance responses was more strongly induced in L13241. In general, rehydration provided recovery of plants to similar conditions of control treatment. Although the C48 and L11644 genotypes have shown some tolerance and resilience responses to severe water deficit, greater efficiency was observed in the L13241 genotype through adjustments in morphological, physiological, genetic and metabolic characteristics that are combined in the same plant. This study contributes to the advancement in the knowledge about the resistance to drought in cultivated plants and provides bases for the genetic improvement of the soybean culture.

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Ebendal, T. "Molecular aspects of nerve growth factor expression". Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 79, n.º 3 (marzo de 1989): 252–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03752.x.

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Abou-Shady, Baer, Friess, Zimmermann y Büchler. "Molecular Aspects of Hepatocellular Carcinoma". Swiss Surgery 5, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 1999): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1023-9332.5.3.102.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. The success of its established treatment modalities is frequently limited by the advanced stage of the tumor at the time of diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms that control its growth behavior. In the present study, we review some aspects of molecular and cellular processes involved in growth control and metastatic potential of HCC. These include some growth factors and their receptors, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and factors that control angiogenesis and extracellular matrix formation. These factors may be important targets for novel therapeutic approaches in the future.

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Plisetskaya, Erika. "Insulin-like Growth Factors: Molecular and Cellular Aspects". General and Comparative Endocrinology 88, n.º 2 (noviembre de 1992): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-6480(92)90267-n.

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Wieckiewicz, Mieszko, Anna Paradowska-Stolarz y Wlodzimierz Wieckiewicz. "Psychosocial Aspects of Bruxism: The Most Paramount Factor Influencing Teeth Grinding". BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/469187.

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In clinical practice, patients suffering from an occlusal parafunctional activity have increased. It can be observed that a negative influence of environment aggravates patient’s health. The aim of this paper is to present the impact of environment and development of human civilization on the prevalence of bruxism and the correlation between them. The authors grasp the most relevant aspects of psychological and anthropological factors changing over time as well as their interactions and describe a relationship between chronic stress and bruxism. Current literature shows how contemporary lifestyle, working environment, diet, and habits influence the patient’s psychoemotional situation and the way these factors affect the occluso-muscle condition.

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Mohd Nor, Nurul Hafizah, Zurairah Berahim, Azlina Ahmad y Thirumulu Ponnuraj Kannan. "Growth Factor Cocktail to Facilitate Epithelial Differentiation of Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Stem Cells". Sains Malaysiana 51, n.º 9 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 3009–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5109-21.

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Epithelial cells are important in the regeneration of oral mucosal tissue. The cell source is commonly derived from tissue biopsy, which is obtained through surgery. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) were demonstrated to differentiate into multiple cell types. As it can be readily available from exfoliated deciduous teeth, it can be induced and become a potential source of epithelial cell for oral tissue study. This study aims to examine a mixture of growth factors in the differentiation of epithelial-like cells obtained from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) stem cells. This growth factor cocktail constitutes hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-II), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). After introducing the cocktail, the treated SHED were assessed for epithelial characteristics and markers using cell proliferation test, morphological transformation, protein and gene expression by immunofluorescence staining and cytometry assessment, respectively. The proliferation rate was analysed statistically using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Repeated Measures (p<0.05). SHED cells demonstrated morphological changes on the 7th day after using the cocktail. These transformations are in alignment with the identification of genes associated with epithelial cells and positive stain outcomes for pan-cytokeratin, E-cadherin, and p63. The cell proliferation test indicated that proliferation of cells and growth factor introduction were significantly correlated. The growth factor cocktail used for this research facilitated SHED differentiation for epithelial-like cells. The outcomes validate the production of epithelial cells using SHED; tissue production studies focus on these aspects immensely.

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Maini, P. "Modelling aspects of solid cancer growth". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 150, n.º 3 (julio de 2008): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.04.027.

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Khaleel, Intisar R. "Structuralism and Hybridity Theories in Zadie Smith's Novel, White Teeth". Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 25, n.º 11 (20 de noviembre de 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.25.11.2018.28.

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Zadie Smith investigates the struggle between the identity of the character and the historical background of their family. Nevertheless, whereas inherited heritage, prehistory, and cultural origins give the impression that they play a central role in the character‟s growth, opportunity and private preference are influential aspects which encompass the prospective to claim superiority over any actually prearranged living course. In this sense, fate and history are continually interacted throughout the plot, of the bildungsrom in the novel. This paper revolves around the theme of identity structure in a multicultural society as appears in Z. Smith's novel, "White Teeth". The paper follows structuralism and hybridity theories as a guide for analyzing the novel. the paper ends with the conclusion that sums up the result of the discussion.

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Nunes, Fabio Daumas, Fernanda Campos Souza de Almeida, Renata Tucci y Suzana Cantanhede Orsini Machado de Sousa. "Homeobox genes: a molecular link between development and cancer". Pesquisa Odontológica Brasileira 17, n.º 1 (marzo de 2003): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1517-74912003000100018.

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Homeobox genes are regulatory genes encoding nuclear proteins that act as transcription factors, regulating aspects of morphogenesis and cell differentiation during normal embryonic development of several animals. Vertebrate homeobox genes can be divided in two subfamilies: clustered, or HOX genes, and nonclustered, or divergent, homeobox genes. During the last decades, several homeobox genes, clustered and nonclustered ones, were identified in normal tissue, in malignant cells, and in different diseases and metabolic alterations. Homeobox genes are involved in the normal teeth development and in familial teeth agenesis. Normal development and cancer have a great deal in common, as both processes involve shifts between cell proliferation and differentiation. The literature is accumulating evidences that homeobox genes play an important role in oncogenesis. Many cancers exhibit expression of or alteration in homeobox genes. Those include leukemias, colon, skin, prostate, breast and ovarian cancers, among others. This review is aimed at introducing readers to some of the homeobox family functions in normal tissues and especially in cancer.

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Baseri, Milad, Faraz Radmand, Reyhaneh Hamedi, Mehdi Yousefi y Hossein Samadi Kafil. "Immunological Aspects of Dental Implant Rejection". BioMed Research International 2020 (9 de diciembre de 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7279509.

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Nowadays, dental implants are a prominent therapeutic approach among dentists for replacing missing teeth. Failure in dental implants is a severe challenge recently. The factors which lead to dental implant failure are known. These factors can be categorized into different groups. In this article, we discussed the immunological aspects of implant failure as one of these groups. Cytokines and immune cells have extensive and various functions in peri-implantitis. The equilibrium between pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cells, which involve in this orchestra, has a crucial role in implant prognosis. In conclusion, immune cells, especially macrophages and dendritic cells, almost increased in the patients with implant failure. Also, proinflammatory cytokines were proposed as diagnostic factors according to their higher levels in dental implant rejection.

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Byvaltsev, Vadim, Ivan Stepanov, Yevgeniy Belykh y Anna Yarullina. "MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF ANGIOGENESIS IN BRAIN GLIOBLASTOMAS". Problems in oncology 63, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2017): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37469/0507-3758-2017-63-1-19-27.

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It is known that angiogenesis plays a critical role in the growth and progression of brain gliomas. Inducing factor in neoangiogenesis are changes primarily occur within the intra-tumoral events: changing the structure of the microvasculature of tumor tissue, increased hypoxia adaptation of tumor cells and the synthesis of angiogenic factors, cell growth. Due to the location of abnormal blood vessels in the tumor tissue generated chaotic flow of blood, which leads to severe hypoxia - as a key factor in inducing the angiogenesis process. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is the main molecule that regulates the growth and progression of glial tumors. Glioma cells, with their inherent properties of stem cells actively synthesized HIF-1. This population of cells called - “glioma stem cells” inducing synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It VEGF is central to the process of angiogenesis. A promising area of targeted therapy of brain gliomas is the anti-angiogenic therapy. Applications, both direct and indirect angiogenesis inhibitors, significantly improved the prognosis of patients with glial brain tumors. Undoubtedly an integrated approach to the study of microvascular disturbances, hypoxia, biology and cell behavior of “glioma stem cells” and the role of various factors of cell growth in the tumorigenesis of brain gliomas of the brain allows us to develop new and effective methods of diagnosis and treatment of this disease in the near future.

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Kleeff, Friess, Berberat, Martignoni, Z'graggen y Büchler. "Pancreatic Cancer - New Aspects of Molecular Biology Research". Swiss Surgery 6, n.º 5 (1 de octubre de 2000): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1023-9332.6.5.231.

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presently has an incidence of approximately 8 to 10 cases per 100000 citizens in European countries, and the incidence has been increasing throughout the last decades. Approximately 30000 patients die every year from PDAC in Western Europe and most of the newly diagnosed patients present with an already unresectable tumor stage. Self-sufficiency in growth signals, insensitivity to antigrowth signals, and evasion of apoptosis are hallmarks of malignant growth. In PDAC a variety of growth factors are expressed at increased levels. For example, the concomitant presence of the EGF-receptor and its ligands EGF, TGF-alpha, and/or amphiregulin is associated with enhanced tumor aggressiveness and shorter survival periods following tumor resection. In addition, PDACs often exhibit alterations in growth inhibitory pathways such as Smad4 mutations and Smad6 and Smad7 overexpression, and evade apoptosis through p53 mutations and aberrant expression of apoptosis regulating genes such as members of the Bcl family. Taken together, the abundance of growth promoting factors and the disturbance of growth inhibitory and apoptotic pathways give pancreatic cancer cells a distinct growth advantage which clinically results in rapid tumor progression and poor survival prognosis.

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Fried, K., C. Nosrat, C. Lillesaar y C. Hildebrand. "Molecular Signaling and Pulpal Nerve Development". Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 11, n.º 3 (julio de 2000): 318–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411000110030301.

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The purpose of this review is to discuss molecular factors influencing nerve growth to teeth. The establishment of a sensory pulpal innervation occurs concurrently with tooth development. Epithelial/mesenchymal interactions initiate the tooth primordium and change it into a complex organ. The initial events seem to be controlled by the epithelium, and subsequently, the mesenchyme acquires odontogenic properties. As yet, no single initiating epithelial or mesenchymal factor has been identified. Axons reach the jaws before tooth formation and form terminals near odontogenic sites. In some species, local axons have an initiating function in odontogenesis, but it is not known if this is also the case with mammals. In diphyodont mammals, the primary dentition is replaced by a permanent dentition, which involves a profound remodeling of terminal pulpal axons. The molecular signals underlying this remodeling remain unknown. Due to the senescent deterioration of the dentition, the target area of tooth nerves shrinks with age, and these nerves show marked pathological-like changes. Nerve growth factor and possibly also brain-derived neurotrophic factor seem to be important in the formation of a sensory pulpal innervation. Neurotrophin-3 and -4/5 are probably not involved. In addition, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, but not neurturin, seems to be involved in the control of pulpal axon growth. A variety of other growth factors may also influence developing tooth nerves. Many major extracellular matrix molecules, which can influence growing axons, are present in developing teeth. It is likely that these molecules influence the growing pulpal axons.

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Thewissen, J. G. M., Tobin L. Hieronymus, John C. George, Robert Suydam, Raphaela Stimmelmayr y Denise McBurney. "Evolutionary aspects of the development of teeth and baleen in the bowhead whale". Journal of Anatomy 230, n.º 4 (10 de enero de 2017): 549–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.12579.

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Atanasova, Sandra, Sofija Carceva Salja y Ljubica Prosheva. "INTRODUCTION TO ORTHODONTIC EDUCATION IN BULGARIA OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND 3D ARCHIVING". Teacher of the future 31, n.º 4 (5 de junio de 2019): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3104873a.

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Orthodontic treatment, especially during the period of active growth, can significantly affect the development of the jaws and teeth. Treatment with extraction of molars is more complicated because the space that needs to be closed is larger than the premolar spaces and the time of treatment will be longer. However, in cases where we have a lack of space, teeth protrusion or dental asymmetry, and the extraction of permanent teeth is indicated, the damaged molars should be the first option for extraction when premolars are in better condition. The third molars in different ways are affected by orthodontic therapy. One of them is orthodontic treatment by applying the extraction of the third molars, this situation being widely explored. Extraction of third molar for orthodontic reasons is justified when it prevents the eruption of the second molar or otherwise affects the other teeth. The indications of extraction and selection of teeth to be removed depend on the specific aspects of malocclusion. Premolars are teeth that are usually extracted from orthodontic reasons, but this is not the rule and depends on individual treatment needs. The decision to correct the malocclusion with teeth extraction should be based on the ratio of the size of the dental arch with the size of the teeth, facial appearance and other factors arising from the diagnosis itself. Indications for extraction of the third molars during orthodontic treatment are: mandibular incisor crowding, if they in some way constitute a obstruction of orthodontic treatment as well as preparation for orthognathic surgery. The success of an orthodontic treatment involving the extraction of molars is directly related to the patient complaints and psychological profile, the absence of diseases and skeletal discrepancies, the professional experience as well as the fact whether the patient underwent previous orthodontic treatment with extraction. Patients with partially or completely non-erupted teeth are significantly more likely to have certain consequences: before, during or after the orthodontic treatment. Therefore, orthodontists need to raise patient awareness of these consequences in the context of orthodontic treatment.

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Goldspink, Geoffrey. "Cellular and molecular aspects of muscle growth, adaptation and ageing". Gerodontology 15, n.º 1 (julio de 1998): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.1998.00035.x.

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Bossù, Maurizio, Roberto Matassa, Michela Relucenti, Flavia Iaculli, Alessandro Salucci, Gianni Di Giorgio, Giuseppe Familiari, Antonella Polimeni y Stefano Di Carlo. "Morpho-Chemical Observations of Human Deciduous Teeth Enamel in Response to Biomimetic Toothpastes Treatment". Materials 13, n.º 8 (11 de abril de 2020): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081803.

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Today, biomaterial research on biomimetic mineralization strategies represents a new challenge in the prevention and cure of enamel mineral loss on delicate deciduous teeth. Distinctive assumptions about the origin, the growth, and the functionalization on the biomimetic materials have been recently proposed by scientific research studies in evaluating the different clinical aspects of treating the deciduous tooth. Therefore, appropriate morpho-chemical observations on delivering specific biomaterials to enamel teeth is the most important factor for controlling biomineralization processes. Detailed morpho-chemical investigations of the treated enamel layer using three commercial toothpastes (Biorepair, F1400, and F500) were performed through variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VP-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) on deciduous teeth in their native state. A new microscopy methodology allowed us to determine the behaviors of silicate, phosphate, and calcium contents from the early stage, as commercially available toothpastes, to the final stage of delivered diffusion, occurring within the enamel layer together with their penetration depth properties. The reported results represent a valuable background towards full comprehension of the role of organic–inorganic biomaterials for developing a controlled biomimetic toothpaste in biofluid media.

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Wallis, Michael. "Molecular evolution of growth hormone". Biochemist 36, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2014): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03601004.

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Growth hormone (GH) is a single-chain protein hormone of approximately 190 residues, expressed mainly in the vertebrate anterior pituitary gland, which regulates somatic growth and various aspects of metabolism; many of these actions are mediated by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Growth defects in humans frequently result from GH deficiency and are often treatable by GH administration. The evolution of GH illustrates many features of molecular evolution, including (i) the development and elaboration of gene/protein families by gene duplication, (ii) subtle changes resulting from incorporation of point mutations, which often occur during episodes of accelerated change, and (iii) co-evolution of hormones and their receptors.

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Han, Victor K. M. "The Ontogeny of Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Sex Steroids: Molecular Aspects". Hormone Research 45, n.º 1-2 (1996): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000184761.

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Zhu, Yanfei, Jing Zhou y Guoqing Tao. "Molecular aspects of chronic radiation enteritis". Clinical & Investigative Medicine 34, n.º 3 (1 de junio de 2011): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v34i3.15183.

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Purpose: Chronic radiation enteritis (CRE) is one of the most feared complications of abdominal or pelvic radiation therapy and the treatment of CRE is difficult and often controversial. Recent progress in molecular biology has shed some light on the pathogenesis of CRE, which is characterized by fibrosis. The purpose of this article is to summarize the current state of knowledge of molecular aspects of radiation induced intestinal fibrosis and to discuss potential therapeutic targets. Methods: A review of the up-to-date published literature involving the possible molecular cascades in radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis and prospective targets for CRE were performed using the Pub-Med search engine. Results: Fibrosis development is correlated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and its downstream effector Smad3, which stimulates ﬁbrogenic downstream mediators, such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Ras homologue (Rho) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway have been shown to play important roles in the development of CRE. The inhibition of these pathways ameliorated radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis in vitro and in animal studies; however, the relationship between the Smad3 and Rho signaling pathways has not been elucidated. Conclusions: Rho/ROCK and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathways have been shown to play a key role in intestinal fibrogenesis, which might provide with effective possibilities for clinical intervention. Understanding the cooperation between Smad3 and Rho, may therefore be critical to our overall understanding of fibrosis development and maintenance of CRE.

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Partanen, Anna-Maija, Peter Ekblom y Irma Thesleff. "Epidermal growth factor inhibits morphogenesis and cell differentiation in cultured mouse embryonic teeth". Developmental Biology 111, n.º 1 (septiembre de 1985): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-1606(85)90437-3.

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Marini, Joan C., Stephanie Bordenick y George P. Chrousos. "Endocrine Aspects of Growth Deficiency in OI". Connective Tissue Research 31, sup4 (enero de 1995): s55—s57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03008209509116835.

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Kurbonov, Yokubjon Khamdamovich, Shukhrat Abdujalilovich Boymuradov y Jamolbek Abdukakharovich Djuraev. "Purulent-Necrotic Diseases Of The Face: Aspects Of Diagnostics And Treatment". American Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Research 03, n.º 01 (15 de enero de 2021): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmspr/volume03issue01-05.

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The problem of treatment of pyoinflammatory diseases (PID) of the face and neck is relevant for both dentists of polyclinics and maxillofacial surgeons in hospitals. About 50% of those in maxillofacial hospitals, and about 20% of those who seek help from a dentist and a surgeon of polyclinics, are patients with inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region (MFO), among them - 60-80% of patients with abscesses and phlegmons, the frequency of which has increased by 1.5–2.0 times over the past decade. There has been a steady growth of atypical and severely flowing progressive phlegmon, spreading simultaneously in several cellular spaces, with the development of such formidable complications as sepsis, contact mediastinitis, and thrombosis of the cavernous sinus of the dura mater. Low-symptom “erased” forms of phlegmon are found among 13.4–22% of patients, are characterized by a long course and are difficult to diagnose, which contributes to late hospitalization and untimely treatment started. Microbial etiology of HVZ CLO is due to the localization of the primary process (connection with the oral cavity, teeth).

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Dasgupta, Krishnakali, Jeffry M. Cesario, Sara Ha, Kesava Asam, Lindsay J. Deacon, Ana H. Song, Julie Kim, John Cobb, Jeong Kyo Yoon y Juhee Jeong. "R-Spondin 3 Regulates Mammalian Dental and Craniofacial Development". Journal of Developmental Biology 9, n.º 3 (12 de agosto de 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb9030031.

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Development of the teeth requires complex signaling interactions between the mesenchyme and the epithelium mediated by multiple pathways. For example, canonical WNT signaling is essential to many aspects of odontogenesis, and inhibiting this pathway blocks tooth development at an early stage. R-spondins (RSPOs) are secreted proteins, and they mostly augment WNT signaling. Although RSPOs have been shown to play important roles in the development of many organs, their role in tooth development is unclear. A previous study reported that mutating Rspo2 in mice led to supernumerary lower molars, while teeth forming at the normal positions showed no significant anomalies. Because multiple Rspo genes are expressed in the orofacial region, it is possible that the relatively mild phenotype of Rspo2 mutants is due to functional compensation by other RSPO proteins. We found that inactivating Rspo3 in the craniofacial mesenchyme caused the loss of lower incisors, which did not progress beyond the bud stage. A simultaneous deletion of Rspo2 and Rspo3 caused severe disruption of craniofacial development from early stages, which was accompanied with impaired development of all teeth. Together, these results indicate that Rspo3 is an important regulator of mammalian dental and craniofacial development.

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Chen, Jen-Tsung, Ricardo Aroca y Daniela Romano. "Molecular Aspects of Plant Salinity Stress and Tolerance". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n.º 9 (6 de mayo de 2021): 4918. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094918.

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Tang, Bor Luen. "Emerging aspects of membrane traffic in neuronal dendrite growth". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 1783, n.º 2 (febrero de 2008): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.11.011.

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Lyzo, Tatyana, Anastasia Korchagina y Anna Krylova. "Environmental Aspects of Dental Implantation in a Large Industrial Center (On the Example of Volgograd)". Natural Systems and Resources, n.º 2 (junio de 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2021.2.3.

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Dental implantation is a method widely used in dental practice, based on the process of osseointegration – the formation of a strong connection between the inserted implant and the bone tissue. The use of these implants has a number of problems with the osseointegration process associated primarily with the development of pathogenic microflora and possible damage. To combat these difficulties, various materials are being developed for coating implants with the addition of bioactive elements, which reduce the possibility of infection by pathogenic microorganisms, as well as increase strength, improve osseointegration and biocompatibility of implants with bone tissue. The most effective coatings at the moment are hydroxyapatite and calcium triphosphate, using such bioactive elements as growth factors and components of the bone matrix, as well as chitosan, silver and gold salts. When using dental implants, monitoring of osseointegration is necessary to minimize bone loss, and fluoroscopy is the most suitable method for this. The state of the environment has a strong impact on the health of citizens. Volgograd has a high level of environmental pollution, which directly affects the frequency of diseases, including diseases of the oral cavity and teeth. According to the statistics of people visiting dental hospitals, the values in the Krasnoarmeyskiy region exceed, while the number of implants installed per year in this region is low and amounts to 1500, while in the Voroshilovskiy region, with the number of patients being half as much, the number of implants is more than 1000 all associated with the increased use of surgical services for the extraction of teeth in the area. Key words: dental implantation, osseointegration, ecology, environmental pollution, health level.

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Le Révérend, Benjamin J. D., Lisa R. Edelson y Chrystel Loret. "Anatomical, functional, physiological and behavioural aspects of the development of mastication in early childhood". British Journal of Nutrition 111, n.º 3 (24 de septiembre de 2013): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513002699.

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Mastication efficiency is defined as the efficiency of crushing food between the teeth and manipulating the resulting particles to form a swallowable food bolus. It is dependent on the orofacial anatomical features of the subject, the coordination of these anatomical features and the consistency of the food used during testing. Different measures have been used to indirectly quantify mastication efficiency as a function of children's age such as observations, food bolus characterisation, muscle activity measurement and jaw movement tracking. In the present review, we aim to describe the changes in the oral physiology (e.g. bone and muscle structure, teeth and soft tissues) of children and how these changes are associated with mastication abilities. We also review previous work on the effect of food consistency on children's mastication abilities and on their level of texture acceptance. The lack of reference foods and differences in testing methodologies across different studies do not allow us to draw conclusions about (1) the age at which mastication efficiency reaches maturity and (2) the effect of food consistency on the establishment of mature mastication efficiency. The effect of food consistency on the development of children's mastication efficiency has not been tested widely. However, both human and animal studies have reported the effect of food consistency on orofacial development, suggesting that a diet with harder textures enhances bone and muscle growth, which could indirectly lead to better mastication efficiency. Finally, it was also reported that (1) children are more likely to accept textures that they are able to manipulate and (2) early exposure to a range of textures facilitates the acceptance of foods of various textures later on. Recommending products well adapted to children's mastication during weaning could facilitate their acceptance of new textures and support the development of healthy eating habits.

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Piȩtka, Jerzy. "Some cybernetic aspects of early leaf growth". Biosystems 19, n.º 2 (enero de 1986): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(86)90023-7.

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Shang, Wei, Zeliang Zhang, Xicong Zhao, Qingquan Dong, Gerhard Schmalz y Shaonan Hu. "The Understanding of Vital Pulp Therapy in Permanent Teeth: A New Perspective". BioMed Research International 2022 (12 de septiembre de 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8788358.

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The indications of vital pulp therapy (VPT) are expanding, which cases are suitable for VPT, and how to improve the success rate of VPT is a problem that often bothers us. The main purpose of VPT is to eliminate pulpitis by promoting the formation of reparative dentin or calcium bridge, so that it can continue to perform various physiological functions, and finally achieve the purpose of preserving pulp vitality and long-term preservation of affected teeth. Pulp capping and pulpotomy are the most common methods for VPT. The research field of VPT has attracted the attention of many scholars, who have studied it from many aspects (such as indications, material selection, operation requirements, and long-term prognosis). This article reviews the recent advances in the techniques of VPT in permanent teeth.

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LEROITH, DEREK, HAIM WERNER, DANA BEITNER-JOHNSON y ANDCHARLES T. ROBERTS. "Molecular and Cellular Aspects of the Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor". Endocrine Reviews 16, n.º 2 (abril de 1995): 143–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/edrv-16-2-143.

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Asmah, Nur. "Molecular aspects of Enterococcus faecalis virulence". Journal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society 5, n.º 2 (15 de febrero de 2021): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jds.v5i2.20020.

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The Enterococcus faecalis (E. Faecalis) virulence factor plays an essential role in the persistence of root canal infection. Virulence factors of Enterococcus faecalis such as lipoteichoic acid, extracellular superoxide, gelatinase, hyaluronidase, and cytolysin are known to increase the ability of Enterococcus faecalis to induce inflammatory processes, colonization formation, and increase resistance. The virulence factor of E. faecalis is mediated by LTA, which has pattern recognition receptors for cytokine release, bone resorption and triggers apoptosis of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, periodontal connective tissue, macrophages, and neutrophils, which have implications for the occurrence of periradicular lesions. Lipoteichoic acid is also involved in producing D-alanine, which stimulates signals to other bacteria to form biofilms. The E. faecalis will change the balance of oxygen radical production in the periapical lesion, fragment collagen. The fight host's defense mechanisms that cause periapical damage and worsening bone loss. Furthermore, cytolysin will respond to changes in oxygen conditions in the depleting root canals for the dominance of E. faecalis against other bacteria. The energy needs of E. faecalis that assisted by hyaluronidase, which degrades hyaluronan dentin. İt has to produce disaccharide degradation products that can be transported and metabolized intracellularly. These materials hydrolyzing the substrate to obtain essential carbon for its growth. This article aims to describe the molecular aspect of E. faecalis virulence that is involved in root canal infections.

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Cabrera, Laura de Castro, Luciana Borges Retamoso, Raul Magnoler Sampaio Mei y Orlando Tanaka. "Sagittal and vertical aspects of Class II division 1 subjects according to the respiratory pattern". Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 18, n.º 2 (abril de 2013): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512013000200011.

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INTRODUCTION: The teeth position, specially maxillary and mandibular incisors, in relation to basal bone and surrounding soft tissues must be considered in the elaboration of diagnosis, treatment planning and execution to obtain alignment, leveling, intercuspation, facial balance and harmony with stability of results. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the modifications in the positioning of incisors in individuals with Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion in two distinct moments of dentocraniofacial development, with mean interval of 2 years and 5 months. METHODS: The measures were obtained by means of lateral cephalograms of 40 individuals, being 23 nasal breathers (NB) and 17 mouth breathers (MB). The analyzed measures were overjet, overbite, UCI-NA, LCI-NB, UCI.NA, LCI.NB, UCI.SN, LCI.GoGn, UCI.LCI, ANB, GoGn.SN, and OccPl.SN. Statistical analysis (2-way repeated-measures ANOVA) was applied to verify intergroups differences. RESULTS: Overjet, UCI-NA, LCI-NB, ANB, GoGn.SN, and OccPl.SN demonstrated statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) when observed the moment or the respiratory method. CONCLUSION: There is alteration in the positioning of incisors during growth with interference of the respiratory pattern.

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Liu, Xiaojing, Meili Gao, Jianping Ruan y Qun Lu. "Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary First Premolar by Microscopic Computed Tomography in a Chinese Adolescent Subpopulation". BioMed Research International 2019 (16 de noviembre de 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4327046.

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Objectives. To investigate the root morphology and root canal anatomy of maxillary first premolar using microscopic computed tomography (micro-CT). Methods. 324 maxillary first premolars were collected and scanned. The root and canal diameter, canal wall thickness, root taper, and cross-sectional shapes were determined in the single root with 1 canal (SR1C), single root with 2 canals (SR2C), and 2 roots with 2 canals (2R2C) by micro-CT. Results. The results showed that single-rooted maxillary premolars were more common than other types. The incidence of SR1C, SR2C, and 2R2C reached 25%, 26.39%, and 26.39%, respectively. Root and canal diameters and canal wall thickness were decreased from coronal third to apical foramen. The three parameters and canal taper showed increases from buccal and palatal (BP) to mesiodistal (MD) aspects. The root canal tapers were smallest of the middle third level. The findings showed the different variations in 2R2C teeth. The root canal cross-sectional morphology in maxillary first premolars is complicated, including round, oval, long oval, flat canal, and irregular canal shapes. The distribution varied in different aspects. Conclusion. Root canal morphology showed a wide variation and complicated structure. The single-rooted teeth were more common in the Chinese adolescent population, and the majority of maxillary first premolars have two canals.

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Sieff, C. A. "Biology and Clinical Aspects of the Hematopoietic Growth Factors". Annual Review of Medicine 41, n.º 1 (febrero de 1990): 483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.41.020190.002411.

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Mason, C. Anthony. "Physiological aspects of growth and recombinant DNA stability inSaccharomyces cerevisiae". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 59, n.º 4 (mayo de 1991): 269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00583680.

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Kritikou, Konstantina, Marina Imre, Mihaela Tanase, Arina Vinereanu, Alexandra Ripszky Totan, Tudor-Claudiu Spinu, Daniela Miricescu, Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu, Marilena Bordea y Maria Greabu. "Assessment of Mineralization, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation Mechanisms in the Pulp of Primary Teeth". Applied Sciences 12, n.º 3 (31 de enero de 2022): 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031554.

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Inflammation in primary teeth (PT) is commonly associated with a lower sensibility to painful stimuli, compared to permanent teeth, and usually leads to late presentation for dental treatment. Data obtained on the molecular assessments of dental pulp and clinical examinations could guide practitioners to conduct precise diagnoses and correct treatments. The aim of our pilot study was to assess the levels of several biomarkers (e.g., mineralization, oxidative stress, and inflammation) in primary teeth. The research included 46 dental pulp specimens collected from the primary teeth of children and adolescents between the ages of 6 and 12. The experimental groups consisted of 18 samples collected from primary teeth with acute pulpitis and 15 samples from chronically inflamed pulp tissues. The control group was represented by 13 specimens acquired from clinically healthy primary teeth. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to determine the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD-3), osteocalcin, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the lysates. Our results revealed that all of the studied parameters presented statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) increased levels in both experimental groups compared to the control samples. Furthermore, osteocalcin presented statistically significant increased concentrations in chronically- versus acute-inflamed pulp samples (p ≤ 0.05). The studied molecules may have an influential role in acute and chronic pulp inflammation in primary teeth.

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Nassif, Nahla y Elia Sfeir. "Age and Sequence of Permanent Teeth Eruption in Lebanese Children". Scientific World Journal 2020 (1 de agosto de 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9238679.

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Background. The timing of eruption of permanent teeth can be a precious help to the pediatric practitioner in identifying an appropriate treatment plan. Usually, it presents a more precise sign of an early or late growth of the child. Aims. It is to determine whether the timing of the permanent teeth eruption in Lebanese pediatric population can be considered as standard Lebanese values, since no other study was previously performed. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study is conducted, and the clinical emergence data are collected for a sample of 2317 Lebanese children aged between 5.5 years and 13 years (1129 girls and 1188 boys) from different socioeconomic groups in rural and urban communities spread over different regions in Lebanon. The study investigates dental emergence patterns. Results. Statistical analysis is performed with the SPSS Software. A confidence interval of 95% and significance level of 5% are adopted. The trend is for males to begin their permanent teeth eruption later than girls. Emergence of all permanent mandibular teeth is earlier than maxillary ones. Symmetry is found between the right and left teeth in the maxilla, as well as in the mandibula. Conclusion. In this study, the results indicate that premolars and second permanent molars erupt earlier in the Lebanese children compared to children of other countries reflected in several studies.

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Chen, Belinda Kuan-Jung, Roy George y Laurence James Walsh. "Discoloration of Roots Caused by Residual Endodontic Intracanal Medicaments". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/404676.

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Aims. This study examined the extent to which intervisit corticosteroid-based antibiotic pastes (CAP) medicaments contribute to staining of tooth structure after attempted removal by irrigation techniques.Methods. A total of 140 roots were prepared and the canals were filled with Ledermix paste (demeclocycline), Odontopaste (clindamycin), and Doxypaste (doxycycline). The pastes were removed after 2 or 4 weeks of storage in the dark using EDTA and NaOCl with either a 27-gauge-slotted needle or an EndoActivator (Dentsply). The roots were then exposed to an intense light source for 30 minutes each week and photographed after a further 1, 3, or 6 months. Digital images were standardized and data for changes in luminosity were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA and a post hoc test.Results. Removal of the medicament did not prevent later discolouration. There was no significant difference between the paste removal methods. Ledermix paste caused the greatest darkening compared to the untreated controls, for both application periods and both methods of removal. Doxypaste and Odontopaste caused less darkening than Ledermix.Conclusion. Medicaments that stain teeth may continue to discolour teeth despite best attempts to remove them. This study stresses the importance of material selection and minimising contact of Ledermix within the coronal aspects of teeth.

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Alghamdi, Faisal T. y Alaa E. Alqurashi. "Regenerative Endodontic Therapy in the Management of Immature Necrotic Permanent Dentition: A Systematic Review". Scientific World Journal 2020 (13 de julio de 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7954357.

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Background and Objective. Management of immature permanent teeth exhibiting necrotic pulp is clinically challenging. An appropriate diagnosis, case selection, and good management ensure good outcomes. The objective of this review reviews all up-to-date data in regard to endodontic regeneration therapy in the management of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp and which conducts are most used and appropriate for this procedure in human and animal investigations. Materials and Methods. The electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar were used to search the literature for relevant studies after applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies that fulfilled both the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this systematic review. The search was conducted by two independent reviewers following the PRISMA guidelines. Results. Only 46 studies that fulfilled both the inclusion and exclusion criteria, which were conducted within the last 10 years, were included in this systematic review. These studies investigated different aspects of regenerative endodontic therapy including different types of scaffolds, intracanal medications, pulpal space/barriers, root maturation stage, follow-up duration, and updated studies on their use in the management of immature necrotic permanent teeth. Conclusions. This review concluded the compiled data observed that endodontic regenerative therapy was more efficient in treating immature necrotic permanent teeth and offered a greater advantage that should lead to wider acceptance among endodontists for effective results compared to different treatment options. However, more clinical trials with a standardized protocol and defined clinical, radiographic, and histopathological outcomes with longer follow-up periods are warranted.

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Martin, Kyle J., Liam J. Rasch, Rory L. Cooper, Brian D. Metscher, Zerina Johanson y Gareth J. Fraser. "Sox2+ progenitors in sharks link taste development with the evolution of regenerative teeth from denticles". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n.º 51 (7 de diciembre de 2016): 14769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612354113.

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Teeth and denticles belong to a specialized class of mineralizing epithelial appendages called odontodes. Although homology of oral teeth in jawed vertebrates is well supported, the evolutionary origin of teeth and their relationship with other odontode types is less clear. We compared the cellular and molecular mechanisms directing development of teeth and skin denticles in sharks, where both odontode types are retained. We show that teeth and denticles are deeply homologous developmental modules with equivalent underlying odontode gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Notably, the expression of the epithelial progenitor and stem cell marker sex-determining region Y-related box 2 (sox2) was tooth-specific and this correlates with notable differences in odontode regenerative ability. Whereas shark teeth retain the ancestral gnathostome character of continuous successional regeneration, new denticles arise only asynchronously with growth or after wounding. Sox2+ putative stem cells associated with the shark dental lamina (DL) emerge from a field of epithelial progenitors shared with anteriormost taste buds, before establishing within slow-cycling cell niches at the (i) superficial taste/tooth junction (T/TJ), and (ii) deep successional lamina (SL) where tooth regeneration initiates. Furthermore, during regeneration, cells from the superficial T/TJ migrate into the SL and contribute to new teeth, demonstrating persistent contribution of taste-associated progenitors to tooth regeneration in vivo. This data suggests a trajectory for tooth evolution involving cooption of the odontode GRN from nonregenerating denticles bysox2+ progenitors native to the oral taste epithelium, facilitating the evolution of a novel regenerative module of odontodes in the mouth of early jawed vertebrates: the teeth.

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Boniel, Snir, Krystyna Szymańska, Robert Śmigiel y Krzysztof Szczałuba. "Kabuki Syndrome—Clinical Review with Molecular Aspects". Genes 12, n.º 4 (25 de marzo de 2021): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040468.

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Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare developmental disorder principally comprised of developmental delay, hypotonia and a clearly defined dysmorphism: elongation of the structures surrounding the eyes, a shortened and depressed nose, thinning of the upper lip and thickening of the lower lip, large and prominent ears, hypertrichosis and scoliosis. Other characteristics include poor physical growth, cardiac, gastrointestinal and renal anomalies as well as variable behavioral issues, including autistic features. De novo or inherited pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the KMT2D gene are the most common cause of KS and account for up to 75% of patients. Variants in KDM6A cause up to 5% of cases (X-linked dominant inheritance), while the etiology of about 20% of cases remains unknown. Current KS diagnostic criteria include hypotonia during infancy, developmental delay and/or intellectual disability, typical dysmorphism and confirmed pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in KMT2D or KDM6A. Care for KS patients includes the control of physical and psychomotor development during childhood, rehabilitation and multi-specialist care. This paper reviews the current clinical knowledge, provides molecular and scientific links and sheds light on the treatment of Kabuki syndrome individuals.

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