Tesis sobre el tema "Tb"
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MacNaughton, April Dawn. "Tuberculosis (TB) storytelling : improving community nursing TB program delivery". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/56178.
Texto completoApplied Science, Faculty of
Nursing, School of
Graduate
Dinic, Lana. "Molecular Diagnosis of TB and MDR-TB in HIV-Coinfection in Nigeria". Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10387.
Texto completoKajunguri, Damian. "Modelling the impact of TB superinfection on the dynamics of HIV-TB coinfection". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4070.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis, a mathematical model describing the interaction between HIV and TB in the presence of TB superinfection is presented. The model takes into account two strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), where one strain is drug-sensitive and the other is resistant to at least one of the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. The impact of TB superinfection on the incidence and prevalence of TB in HIV-negative and HIVTB coinfected individuals is evaluated. Various control measures such as condom use, antiretroviral therapy, isoniazid preventive therapy and increased TB detection are studied using this model. Numerical results show that TB superinfection increases the prevalence and incidence of TB and its impact is more in HIV-negative than HIV-TB coinfected individuals. The results also show that TB superinfection promotes strain coexistence and increases the associated HIV mortality. Increased condom use was found to have a high positive impact towards the control of the two epidemics. Antiretroviral therapy decreases the TB notification rate and its impact on HIV prevalence increases with the coverage and efficacy. Isoniazid preventive therapy has a clear effect on the TB prevalence. Finally, increased TB detection was found to have a less impact on the TB incidence in HIV-TB coinfected individuals
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie verhandeling word ´n wiskundige model vir die interaksie tussen MIV en TB, in ´n situasie met TB superinfeksie voorgelˆe. Die model neem twee variante van TB in ag. Een van die variante is sensitief vir MTB behandeling, terwyl die ander weerstandig is vir ten minste een van die eerste-linie TB behandenings. Die impak van TB superinfeksie op die insidensie and prevalensie van TB in MIV negatiewe en MIV-TB ko-ge˜ınfekteerde individu word ondersoek. Veskeie beheer maatreels soos kondoom gebruik, anti-retrovirale behandeling (vir MIV) en isonazid voorkomende behandeling en verhoodge TB deteksie (vir TB) word ondersoek. Numeriese resultate wys TB superinfeksie verhoog die prevalense en insidensie van TB en dat dit ´n groter bydrae maak by MIV negatief as by MIV-TB ko-geinfekteerde individu. Die resultate wys veder TB superinfeksie promofeer variant kohabitasie en verhoog MIV verwante mortalitieit. Verhoogde kondoom gebruik is gevind om ´n positiewe bydrae te maak tot die beheer van beide epidemies. Anti-retrovirale terapie verlaag die TB aanmeldings koers en die impak van ART verhoog saam met ´n verhoging in die dekking en effektiwiteit daarvan. Voorkomende behandeling het ´n beduidende impak op TB prevalensie. Ons vind dat TB deteksie ´n beperkte impak maak op TB insidensie by MIV-TB ko-geinfekteerde individu
FRANCISCO, Samuel Nuno Furtado da Conceição. "Aplicação de sistemas moleculares na detecção rápida de MDR-TB e XDR-TB". Master's thesis, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5625.
Texto completoMycobacterium tuberculosis is the etiologic agent of tuberculosis in humans and, according to the World Health Organization, one-third of the world’s population is infects with this bacteria, with an estimated 9.4 million incident cases of tuberculosis globally in 2008. Associated with this alarming trend is a frightening increase in the incidence of M. tuberculosis resistant to antibiotics, more specifically multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis. In this Thesis, we studied three molecular detection systems (INNO-LiPA Rif. TB, Innogenetics, MTBDRplus and MTBDRsl, GenoType), which allow the molecular identification of the M. tuberculosis complex and the detection of mutations most often associated with antibiotic resistance. In the first phase of the work the three systems were tested in 21 clinical isolates belonging to the collection of the Mycobacteria Laboratory of IHMT, UNL, with the aim to assess their ability for identifying the M. tuberculosis complex and to detect mutations related to the resistance to first and second line antibiotics. In the second stage of the study, the INNO-LiPA Rif. TB and the MTBDRplus were tested in acid-fast positive respiratory specimens, to assess their performance to detect directly M. tuberculosis and mutations related to rifampicin resistance in these specimens. In the first part of the work the three systems showed high sensitivity for the identification of the M. tuberculosis complex and for detection of resistance to first line antibiotics, except for ethambutol. Regarding the detection of resistance in second line antibiotics, we could not calculate the sensitivity and specificity. In the second part of the work the INNO-LiPA Rif. TB assay proved to be the system of choice for use directly in acid-fast positive respiratory specimens in the early diagnosis of tuberculosis and the detection of rifampicin resistance. The MTBDRplus was not a good alternative to the INNO-LiPA Rif. TB due to its low sensitivity in the identification of the M. tuberculosis complex and the occurrence of several problems in the amplification step. The MTBDRsl was not used because no multidrug resistant samples were detected.
Sillah, Dolly Jackson. "Early changes in T cell responses in TB patients during chemotherapy for TB". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536815.
Texto completoBistline, Kathryn Lou. "Does the inclusion of the cost and burden of adverse drug reactions associated with drug-resistant TB treatment affect the incremental cost-effectiveness of new treatment regimens? A case study from the introduction of bedaquiline in South Africa National TB Programme". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28441.
Texto completoDenis, Marie F. "Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-positive and HIV-negative children in Haiti : a hospital-based Investigation". [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001404.
Texto completoBrent, Andrew. "The Kilifi Improving Diagnosis and Surveillance of Childhood TB Study : the KIDS TB Study". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/14399.
Texto completoWasuna, Antonina. "Repositioning fusidic acid for tuberculosis: semi-synthesis of analogues and impact of mycobacterial biotransformation on antibiotic activity". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28154.
Texto completode, Jager Veronique Rejean. "Trends in the presenting clinical profile of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in the Western Cape, 1991 - 2009". University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6455.
Texto completoOver the past two decades, despite a growing tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, the South African health system and National TB Programme (NTP) have taken significant steps to ensure improved clinical awareness, early diagnosis, prompt treatment initiation and follow-up of treatment outcomes in cases of TB. The effects of these programmatic measures over time on changes in the severity of disease and presenting clinical profile of patients with pulmonary TB have not been studied. Doing so may provide another window on the impact of TB control initiatives in South Africa.
Wanyama, Barasa Alex. "Determinants of TB treatment adherence among patients on anti-TB treatment in Tororo District, Uganda". University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6066.
Texto completoTo address this challenge, our study was to ascertain the extent of poor adherence to anti-TB treatment, to describe the demographic factors of patients on anti-TB treatment, to investigate the factors associated with poor adherence to anti-TB treatment in Tororo district, and to make respective recommendations to improve adherence to anti-TB treatment in order to contribute to the reduction of the TB burden in the world.
Trottier, Danielle. "Mécanismes de transfert d'énergie Eu²⁺ - Tb³⁺ et Ce³⁺ - Tb³⁺ dans des fluorures de type KYF". 63-Aubière : Impr. U.E.R. Sci, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb361103639.
Texto completoKakili, Tuwilika. "Factors that contribute to treatment defaulting amongst tuberculosis patients in Windhoek district, Namibia". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2049_1363356699.
Texto completoBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is a resurgent disease in many parts of the world, fuelled by HIV/AIDS and poverty. According to WHO, over two billion people were estimated to be infected by TB globally, 9.4 million new cases of TB were reported, while about 1.7 million people were estimated to have lost their lives to TB in 2009 (WHO, 2010). The 
global defaulter rate for TB was estimated at about 9% in 2007 (WHO, 2007). With Africa remaining the global epicentre of the TB epidemic, the epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa, 
one of the worst affected areas in the world, shows no evidence of decline (WHO, 2008). According to the 2009 MOHSS annual report, 1300 people lost their lives to TB in 
Namibia (MOHSS, 2010). The introduction of TB treatment saves many lives globally. However, despite this effort, TB patients have been reported to default treatment in many 
parts of the world including Namibia. Namibia reported a defaulter rate of 10% above the national target of less than 5% (Maletsky, 2008). Aim: This study aimed to investigate 
the factors that contribute to treatment defaulting amongst TB patients at a major health centre in Windhoek district, Namibia. Methodology: A descriptive qualitative study using 
in-depth interviews was conducted among ten TB defaulters. Key informant interviews were also conducted with the two TB nurses based at the health centre. Eligible 
participants were purposively selected. A thematic content analysis of transcribed data was conducted where themes related to patient&rsquo
s experiences of the illness
socio- economic
community, family, cultural and religious as well as health system factors were drawn out. Results: The study results indicate that defaulting TB treatment is a big challenge to TB management. The reasons for defaulting given by respondents were complex and included patient factors such as medication related factors, lack of knowledge and information as well as alcohol abuse. The findings also revealed unemployment as a major socio-economic factor that contributes to defaulting. In addition, the study shows that community, family, religious and cultural factors such as poor family support, work-related factors and religious and cultural beliefs have an influence on defaulting. Accessibility to health care services, sharing of the TB department with ART patients and attitudes of health workers were identified as health service 
factors that influence treatment defaulting. This study also highlights the relationship between some of these factors. Conclusion: The study concludes that no single factor contributed to treatment defaulting amongst TB patients in the selected health centre in 
Windhoek district and this concurred with the literature. There are many different factors at different levels that have an influence on TB treatment defaulting. An interrelationship between personal, socio- economic, community, family, religious and cultural as well as health services- related factors was evident What makes it more complex is that these 
factors also impact on each other and therefore a holistic approach in the management of TB is required to address these factors. Recommendations based on the findings of the 
study are made.
Deffur, Armin. "The transciptomic landscape of HIV-TB". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3377.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references.
The thesis consists of four main parts. In Part 1 of this thesis I provide a broad overview of HIVTB with an emphasis on systems approaches followed by an overview of a systems-level study aiming at addressing hypotheses relating to transcriptional differences in active tuberculosis and HIV-1 infection, measured in blood and the site of disease in tuberculous pericarditis. The final chapter in this part describes the methods used to generate and analyse the systems-level data, with emphasis on microarray data generation and analysis. Part 2 first presents analysis of transcriptional data generated by RT-PCR at the site of disease compared to blood in study subjects with tuberculous pericarditis, with results showing clear evidence of transcriptional differences between compartments. A Technical Results chapter then provides an overview of the microarray data, and an analytic paradigm based on sample embedding in high-dimensional phenotype space is developed. I then assess the overall quality of the dataset and exclude large-scale systematic bias, while comparison of the IMPI-MA data to exiting TBtranscriptomic data shows a close match. Part 2 concludes with a description of a comprehensive analytic framework developed for the IMPI-MA data. Part 3 presents the results of the analytic pipeline as applied to the transcriptional response in blood to active tuberculosis in an HIV-1 uninfected population. A signature of active tuberculosis is described, and deconvolution analysis finds significant NK cell activation in active tuberculosis. Cell-type specific differential expression identifies CD4 T cells, NK cells and neutrophils as the most likely contributors to the overall “signature” of active tuberculosis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals multiple modules, whose expression is shown to be differentially regulated based on disease category. Part 4 summarises the results of analysing contrasts in three main contexts: tuberculosis, HIV-1 infection and compartment. Two novel results are presented: Firstly, NK cells are shown to be functionally downregulated at the site of disease, suggesting a possible defence mechanism by M. tuberculosis, and secondly, large-scale metabolic pathway dysregulation at the site of disease, possibly favouring M. tuberculosis, is demonstrated. Part 5 concludes the thesis with a summary and outlines future work.
Mabhula, Amanda N. "Investigating permeation of anti-mycobacterial agents in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages in vitro as a model for early stage tuberculosis drug discovery". Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33768.
Texto completoSattar, Shahra. "Influence of HIV, smoking and hyperglycaemia on the reporting of TB symptoms in a TB prevalence survey". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3065.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references.
Finding and treating cases [of tuberculosis] in the community before they present to health facilities, a strategy known as active-case-finding is gaining momentum as a way to decrease the infectious pool. This can be achieved through door-to-door community surveys using a TB symptom-screening questionnaire, and is an economical and practical tool to employ in poor, high burden areas. However, unlike for the high risk group of people infected with HIV, there is a lack of evidence supporting the adaptation of a symptom screening tool in the other high risk groups. In 2010, a TB prevalence survey was conduceted in 24 high TB and HIV burden communities in Zambia and the Western Cape, South Africa. This prevalence survey served as the endpoint for the Zambia and South Africa TB and AIDS Reduction study (ZAMSTAR). This survey made use of a questionnaire the collected, among other information, data regarding individual TB symptom reporting, HIV status, diabetes mellitus status and cigarette smoking.
Blomberg, Thomas R. "Heat conduction in two and three dimensions : computer modelling of building physics applications /". Lund : Dept. of Building Physics [Institutionen för byggnadsteknik], Univ, 1996. http://www.byfy.lth.se/Publikationer/1000pdf/TB-1008.pdf.
Texto completoDavies, Helen Catherine. "Bovine TB in badgers : a spatial analysis". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289778.
Texto completoFryatt, Robert John. "Cost effectiveness of TB services in Nepal". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243793.
Texto completoRoutin, Eddy. "Local Tb theorems and Hardy type inequalities". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00656023.
Texto completoRocha, Chrystianne. "Gap filler adaptativo para sistema ISDB-Tb". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1440.
Texto completoThis master thesis presents the proposal of assigning the cognitive ability to a gap filler. Differently from the usual repeaters found on the market, the adaptive gap filler is able to automatically monitor tuned channels with the intention of verifying if the protection ratio described in Resolution nº398 from Anatel is being respected. Spectrum sensing techniques and the concepts related to coverage area will be addressed. Tests were carried out on the Matlab and GNU Radio Software with the purpose of analyzing the adaptive gap filler performance on real channels.
Este trabalho apresenta a proposta de atribuir ao gap filler a capacidade cognitiva . Diferentemente dos repetidores encontrados no mercado, o gap filler adaptativo tem como função monitorar, de forma autônoma, os canais sintonizados para verificar se a relação de proteção descrita na Resolução nº 398 da Anatel está sendo respeitada. Como fundamentos dessa proposta são abordadas as técnicas de sensoriamento do espectro e os conceitos relacionados às áreas de cobertura. Em uma abordagem prática, os testes foram desenvolvidos no Matlab e no GNU Radio, em que se analisa a atuação do gap filler adaptativo em canais reais.
Kolotylo, T. R. "Clinical features of combined HIV/TB infection". Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18885.
Texto completoMarsay, Leanne. "Evaluation of immune correlates to TB vaccines". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572645.
Texto completoAli, Hanan M. "Development of new diagnostic devices for TB". Thesis, Bangor University, 2015. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-of-new-diagnostic-devices-for-tb(5a962fb1-76f7-45ec-b9d6-4b7e30749136).html.
Texto completoLiu, Miaomiao. "Actinomycetes Sourced From Unique Environments as a Promising Source of New TB-Active Natural Products". Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366523.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Natural Sciences
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Cornick, Ruth. "'You must tune your TB programme well...' : integrating TB, HIV and ARV care in Cape Town primary care setting". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9328.
Texto completoThis study occurred in the context of three problems that have arisen within the South African HIV/AIDS crisis: the prevalent HIV and tubertulosis (TB) co-epidemic, the concern that antiretroviral (ARV) provision might compromise the existing TB control programme, and that the Western Cape's current limited vertical model of ARV roll-out will soon reach capacity. This study evaluated whether and how TB control changed following ARV introduction in a Cape Town primary care TB clinic and explored the process of integration of the TB and ARV services in the clinic.
Akpabio, Ubon S. "A description of patients with recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis in TB hospital, Ermelo". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97199.
Texto completoAl, Qublan Hamzeh. "Development and testing of recombinant B. abortus RB51 vaccine strains carrying M. tuberculosis protective antigens". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73696.
Texto completoPh. D.
Adebanjo, Omotayo David. "Knowledge, attittudes and practices of healthcare workers about prevention and control of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis at Botsabelo Hospital Maseru, Lesotho". Thesis, University of Limpopo ( Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/423.
Texto completoBackground: Tuberculosis is one of the major public health problems in Lesotho. With the occurrence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, little is known about the views of health care workers on this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare professionals about prevention and control of MDR-TB at Botsabelo hospital, situated in Maseru, Lesotho. Methods: This study was conducted by means of a semi-structured, anonymous, and self-administered questionnaire that was sent to health care workers. Returned questionnaires were collected through designated boxes stationed at selected places at the study site from 23rd September to 13th October 2010. The investigator and his assistants collected the returned questionnaires on the 15th October 2010. Results: The results of this study indicate that, overall, less than half (47.3%) of respondents had good level of knowledge about MDR-TB; but the overwhelming majority of them held negative attitude towards patients with MDR-TB. Further analysis showed that the level of knowledge did not affect the attitude towards patients suffering from MDR-TB but it influenced their practices. Having good level of knowledge about MDR-TB was associated with good practices such as the use of protective masks and MDR-TB guidelines and involvement in educating patients about MDR-TB. Moreover, the findings of this study showed also that the attitude of respondents towards patients suffering from MDR-TB did not influence their practices. Conclusion: In conclusion, less than half of respondents had good level of knowledge about MDR-TB, but over 85.5% of them held negative attitude towards patients suffering from MDR-TB. Although the level of knowledge about MDR-TB was found not to have influenced the attitude of respondents towards patients suffering from MDR-TB; and that xi their attitude did not influence practices, good level of knowledge was positively associated with safer practices such as using protective masks, educating patients on MDR-TB, and referring to the MDR-TB guidelines manual. An educational remedial intervention is recommended.
Knight, Lauren Kerry. "Evaluation of the costs of managing cutaneous adverse drug reactions to first-line TB therapy in South African TB patients". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27821.
Texto completoMaserumule, Matsopiane Charlotte. "The development of aptamer-based probes for the detection of TB antigens ESAT-6.CFP-10 potential TB diagnostic tools". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3425.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references.
Lack of point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic tools for TB hinders control of the disease, particularly in resource-limited, high HIV and TB prevalence countries. Therefore, there is a need for simple, rapid, accurate, and affordable PoC diagnostics to detect active TB early enough for opportune intervention. To develop TB detection probes that will constitute such diagnostics, our research group recently isolated DNA aptamers that bind to a putative marker for active TB; the ESAT-6.CFP-10 heterodimer. Aptamers are highly specific artificial mimics of antibodies that have shown great prospects in diagnostic applications. The aim of this study was to characterise the anti-ESAT-6.CFP-10 aptamers, and to optimise them into more specific and affordable detection probes for the development of potential PoC TB diagnostic tools.
Ncube, Wenzokuhle S. "People’s understanding of TB in a setting of high HIV/TB prevalence: case studies in Gugulethu Township, Western Cape Province". University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4170.
Texto completoTuberculosis (TB) infection is present in many people but it is sometimes latent until one’s immune system is compromised. As such, it increasingly manifests in people, especially those whose immune system has been compromised by e.g. HIV, as an opportunistic disease. TB is thus closely interlinked with HIV and efforts to eradicate TB have been integrated with the fight against HIV in South Africa. The study revealed that factors such as poverty and stigma - be it enacted or perceived - has an impact on how people with TB deal with the burden of having the disease. Using qualitative research as the choice of methodology and collecting data using observations, in-depth interviews and structured interviews among 18 participants the study focused on the ways in which people understand TB in an area that is known to have high HIV prevalence. The researcher explored people’s experiences with TB and investigated their understanding of the disease as well as explored how people on Directly Observed Treatment Strategy (DOTS) make sense of and interact with this programme in Gugulethu Township. During the study it emerged that people have significant understanding of TB and its symptoms but their initial reaction to those symptoms is selfmedication and this results in delayed treatment seeking. TB is stigmatised in Gugulethu despite some people acknowledging that the environment itself is partly to blame for the rapid spread of the disease. The study revealed that there is good healthcare provision in Gugulethu and it is accessible but the burden of suffering from TB is a difficult one that requires family support, financial support and good relations with clinic and hospital staff in order for one to adhere to treatment and recover from TB.
Olandim, Richard John Lintulahti. "Diversidade espacial na recepção em sistemas ISDB-Tb". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1464.
Texto completoIn Brazil, the broadcasting system for television content in high definition is the ISDB-Tb. Although robust, the content transmission in this system, like in any radio frequency propagation, can suffer from external attenuating factors, such as distortion by multipath propagation. One of the techniques used in radio communications for minimizing the effects of this type of distortion is the spatial diversity reception, which uses multiple antennas connected to a single receiver. The signals, received by different antennas, are combined, in a technique known as MRC or Maximal Ratio Combiner, so that the output signal-to-noise ratio is greater than the individual signal-to-noise ratios, allowing the successfully decoding of the received content, even though the individual signal in each antenna does not have sufficient quality to be decoded independently. This study aims to establish a method of spatial diversity in receiving television signals in ISDB-Tb, pondering between the advantages and disadvantages of their use in edge regions of coverage, where the reception of the Brazilian digital TV system is not yet total.
No Brasil, o sistema de radiodifusão para conteúdos televisivos em alta definição é o ISDB-Tb. Apesar de robusto, a transmissão de conteúdos neste sistema, como qualquer propagação em radiofrequência, pode sofrer com fatores externos atenuantes, como por exemplo a distorção por propagação em multi-percurso. Uma das técnicas utilizadas em radiocomunicação para que se minimizem os efeitos deste tipo de distorção é a diversidade espacial na recepção, que utiliza múltiplas antenas conectadas a um mesmo receptor. Os sinais, recebidos pelas diferentes antenas, são trabalhados em uma técnica conhecida como MRC ou Combinação de Máxima Razão, de modo que a relação sinal-ruído de saída seja maior do que as relações sinal-ruído individuais, permitindo a decodificação do conteúdo com sucesso, mesmo que os sinais individuais em cada antena não tenham qualidade suficiente para serem decodificados independentemente. Este estudo tem como objetivo propor um método de diversidade espacial na recepção de sinais televisivos no padrão brasileiro ISDB-Tb, ponderando entre as vantagens e desvantagens de sua utilização em regiões de borda de cobertura, onde a recepção do sistema brasileiro de TV digital ainda não é total.
Monedero, Recuero Ignacio. "Hacia un mejor control de la tuberculosis multidrogorresistente en países en desarrollo". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/401285.
Texto completoIntroduction The prevalence of Multidrug resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is globally increasing. Transmission of resistant strains into the community is jeopardizing global TB control. The vast majority of cases are from developing countries where health systems are insufficient to diagnose, treat and support the patients. Object The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to analyze in deep the MDR-TB problem in developing countries and provide new knowledge in resistance prevention and better MDR-TB treatment results. Hypothesis The more efficient use of current knowledge and tools may contribute to the creation of health policies with impact on resistance prevention and better cure rates. Three different hypotheses were identified: • Hypothesis 1.The anti-TB fixed dose combinations (FDCs) may obtain similar efficacy than single drugs with operative advantages, reduced cost and reducing the resistance acquisition. • Hypothesis 2. Standardized MDR-TB treatments may obtain similar results than individualized also with operative advantages and less cost. • Hypothesis 3. It is possible to create scientific and quality documents for quick self-training and up date of clinicians in the management of MDR-TB. Methods According to the objective and hypothesis formulated, this thesis had worked in three research lines: 1. Systematic review on the FDCs efficacy for the TB treatment respect to single drugs 2. Cohort study and evaluation in terms of efficacy, effectiveness side effects and relapses of MDR-TB patients under standardized and individualized regimens 3. Creation of simple but high quality documents to increase the access of developing countries clinicians to most relevant knowledge regarding MDR-TB to avoid therapeutic errors and resistance amplification. Results Study 1: Systematic review on FDCs efficacy. The 100% of the studies found revealed equal efficacy in terms of culture convertion and cure. Relapses appear to be similar. Adherence acceptance and capacity to reduce resistance acquisition go in favour of FDCs. Other operative and logistic advantages and cost favour FDCs as well. Study 2: Cohort study and evaluation of all MDR-TB patients treated in Dominican Republic between august 2006 and June 2010. There were not found significative statistically differences in culture conversion regarding standardized or individualized treatments. Concerning patients with ended treatments, standardized obtained a treatment success rate of 74% whereas 66% was obtained for individualized. Each patient presented a median of 5 side effects. Cavitation on the chest x ray and more than 2 months for culture conversion were found as risk factor for unfavourable result. Relapse rate was close to 1%. Study 3: Creation of a review article on the subject of drug resistant TB management. List and presentation of the bacteriological bases for TB treatment and minimum requirements and knowledge to take into account to achieve high cure rates. Study 4: Scientific article addressing the simplification of the most correct and updated management of co-infected patients with MDR-TB and HIV in African scarce therapeutic and diagnose resource contexts. Study 5: Perspective article showing the differences on the presentation and management of MDR-TB patients coming from rich and poor countries. Solutions from rich countries, usually the only ones available on the literature or the gold standard are probably not the best solutions or can not be extrapolated to poor countries. Conclusion The articles included represent a scientific back up for anti-TB FDCs massive introduction and the use of standardized regimens for MDR-TB. Simple and quality articles have been created to increase access to MDR-TB management knowledge oriented to clinicians in developing countries. This doctoral thesis provides relevant scientific information towards a better control of MDR-TB in developing countries.
Baker, Allison Rees. "SNP Associations with Tuberculosis Susceptibility in a Ugandan Household Contact Study". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1274893954.
Texto completoCaldwell, Judy. "A programme evaluation of the effects of an intensified TB screening strategy on changes in facility level TB case finding in City Health PHC facilities in Cape Town". University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6852.
Texto completoBackground: In South Africa, tuberculosis (TB) detection remains a major problem, as notified cases are estimated to account for only 68% of all incident cases. Health services have relied on passive case finding and this leads to missed or delayed diagnosis. In Cape Town, City Health has embarked on an active surveillance programme to systematically screen all adults seeking health care at PHC facilities for active TB, in order to identify undiagnosed incident TB cases and avert missed opportunities for treating TB. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an intensified TB screening strategy on changes in facility level TB case finding in City Health PHC facilities in Cape Town.
ALENCAR, Suelene Suassuna Silvestre de. "Translocação e bactérias marcadas com 99m técnécio na icterícia obstrutiva experimental em ratos". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2001. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/19708.
Texto completoMade available in DSpace on 2017-07-17T14:33:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação de Mestrado - Suelene Suassuna Silvestre Alencar.pdf: 1698152 bytes, checksum: 7bc449edbb1386a1875057dc6f3f376f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-01-10
Estudo realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a translocação bacteriana (TB) do trato gastrointestinal para órgãos viscerais em ratos submetidos à ligadura do ducto colédoco e submetidos à administração por via oral (gavagem) de E.coli marcada com 99mTecnécio (99mTc-E.coli). Quatro grupos de ratos foram estudados: grupo I (n=10) ligadura do colédoco, grupo II (n=10) controle ou “sham operation”, grupo III (n=12) ligadura do colédoco e gavagem com 99mTcE.coli e grupo IV (n=5) controle ou “sham operation”e gavagem com 99mTc-E.coli. Usando técnica asséptica e sob anestesia, os ratos foram submetidos à laparotomia. Nos ratos dos grupos I e III realizou-se ligadura do colédoco com fio de seda nº 3 zeros e nos ratos dos grupos II e IV apenas manipulação do colédoco com pinça de Adison (sham operation). Após sete dias de observação, os animais dos grupos I e II foram mortos e ressecados fígado, baço, linfonodos mesentéricos e pulmões para exame microbiológico (meios Agar-sangue e Agar Mac Conkey) e exame histopatológico (coloração H.E. e Tricrômico de Masson) por análise morfométrica. O nível de bilirrubina nos grupos ictéricos foi elevado em relação aos do grupo controle. A incidência de bactérias translocadas foi maior no grupo I comparada ao controle p 0,05. Nos animais dos grupos III e IV, após sete dias de observação, foi administrada por via oral (gavagem) 99mTcE.coli e após 24 Hs, os ratos de ambos os grupos foram mortos e seus órgãos retirados para contagem da radioatividade em cintilador gama. Os resultados não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa na captação da -E.coli entre os dois grupos (p 0,05). Porém a análise das interações grupo x órgão mostrou diferença entre os grupos ictérico e controle para os órgãos: fígado e pulmão. Os dados disponíveis permitem concluir que em ratos ictéricos por ligadura do colédoco ocorreu translocação de bactérias detectáveis por exame microbiológico. Não ocorreu translocação de bactérias com 99mTc no modelo proposto.
This study was designed to evaluate the bacterial translocation (TB) from the gastrointestinal tract to visceral organs in rats submitted to laparotomy and common bile duct ligation (CBDL). Four groups of rats were studied: group I (n = 10) CBDL; group II (n=10) control or “sham operation”; group III (n= 12) CBDL and 99mTc-E.coli and group IV (n=5) control or “sham operation” e 99mTc-E.coli. All the animals were operated with aseptic technic under intraperitoneal anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium (200mg/Kg). On 7th postoperative day the animals of groups I and II were killed with a letal dosis of anesthetic and the liver, spleen, mesenteric lynfonodes and lungs were ressecated to microbiological (Agar-blood and Agar-Mac Conkey) and histological examination (H.E. and Masson Trichromic) through morphometric analysis. On 7th postoperative day the animals of III and IV groups were submitted to 99mTc-E.coli gavage and after 24 hr they were killed and their organs were ressected. After that, the bacterial radioactivity was mensured through an Automatic count of Gama Radioative – model ANSR (Abott Laboratories). The bilirrubin levels of the jaundiced rats were elevated compared with the control groups. The incidence of bacterial translocation was higher in group I compared with control group (p 0,05). The results showed no significant differences among the jaundiced and control groups to the liver and lungs. The data allow to conclude that in jaundiced rat with ligated bile duct occurred bacterial translocation through microbiological analyses. The model proposed showed no bacterial translocation by the labeled 99mTc technic.
Lucca, Maria Elvira Santos de. "Análise epidemiológica da tuberculose e co-infecção HIV/TB, em Ribeirão Preto-SP, de 1998-2006". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17139/tde-01042008-151419/.
Texto completoThe objective of the present investigation was to analyze the Program of Tuberculosis Control (PTC) in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto- São Paulo, during the period from 1998 to 2006. Epidemiological and performance indicators were used for this purpose, constructed from data of the charts of tuberculosis (TB) notification stored in the information system of EPI-Tb, of the municipal health Secretariat of this municipality and from estimate population data of DATASUS regarding the study period. New TB cases notified regarding patients residing in the municipality were selected according to year of diagnosis, with cases attended in other municipalities and prisoners being excluded. A total of 1623 new cases of TB were notified to EPI-Tb of the SMS/Ribeirão Preto during the period from 1998 to 2006, with a fall in the absolute number of cases and a 47.8% (50,01-26,08) reduction of the coefficient of incidence being observed during this period, corresponding to 5.3% per year. The risk of being a new TB case was 2.4 times higher for men than for women. Although the number of notified cases was higher for the 15 to 49 year age range, starting in 2001 the risk of becoming ill with TB was higher in the age range above 50 years. The percentage of HIV/TB co-infection was 27.1% (minimum prevalence), but the maximum prevalence was 32,7%. The most frequent clinical form for the new cases was the pulmonary one (85%), while this form was present in 58.3% of co-infected cases and the extrapulmonary form in 27.8%. The site of detection of TB cases was public and private outpatient clinics in 51% of cases, university, public and private hospitals in 38%, and other sites in 10%. One of the fragilities observed was the low detection of TB cases in the municipality, which remained close to 45% over the last few years and the fact that the basic health units and PTCs perform only one fifth of the sputum bacilloscopies they should perform for diagnosis (according to Health Ministry estimates). However, one of the strong points was the implantation of supervised treatment in the municipality, which was effectively started in 1998 and increased gradually, with 76% of cases being supervised in 2006. There was an improvement in cure rates, that reached 72% and 50.5% for non-co-infected new cases and HIV/TB co-infected cases, respectively. The TB mortality rate in the municipality showed a slight tendency to a fall during the period. Despite the low lethality observed, 50.8% of the TB deaths were only diagnosed and notified after death, indicating a difficulty in access to diagnosis and treatment of TB in these cases. We conclude that, in order to improve the detection of TB cases in the municipality, changes are needed in the reception of individuals suspected to have TB at basic health units, facilitating their access to these units, in addition to the investigation of more persons with respiratory symptoms in the community. Some actions for the control of the disease such as supervised treatment and the control of communicants could be decentralized. Supervised treatment alone is not sufficient for HIV/TB-co-infected patients to achieve successful treatment.
Frigati, Lisa Jane. "The impact of isoniazid preventative therapy and antiretroviral therapy on tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected children in a high TB incidence setting". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10467.
Texto completoNtinginya, Nyanda Elias [Verfasser] y Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Hölscher. "Evaluation of potential surrogate markers to determine TB treatment response among TB patients in Mbeya, Tanzania / Nyanda Elias Ntinginya ; Betreuer: Michael Hölscher". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1131040376/34.
Texto completoPatel, Ravikumar. "Rapid PCR TB Testing Results in 66% Reduction in Total Isolation Days in Smear Positive Patients". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626867.
Texto completoYang, Christine K. "Using age of infection models to derive an explicit expression for Ro". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/447.
Texto completoCervino, Alessandra C. L. "Genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis : an analytical and experimental analysis". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326112.
Texto completoRaphela, Mabule Lucas. "Targeted depletion of RibF, a putative bifunctional FAD synthetase/ flavokinase in Mycobacterium smegmatis using CRISPR interference". Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32943.
Texto completoMadyo, Deon Daniel. "Investigating user acceptability and effectiveness of the SIMpill device as a strategy to improve treatment adherence among TB patients enrolled in the SIMpill project:a pilot study in the Frances Baard District, Northern Cape Province". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/217.
Texto completoINTRODUCTION: Sub-optimal adherence to prescribed medications is documented as a major cause of drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB). Directly observed treatment – short course (DOTS) remains the WHO gold standard for improving adherence. Concerns with DOT as the single solution have been raised and a range of adherence strategies are increasingly being recommended. RESEARCH QUESTION: Can the SIMpill electronic reminder system increase medication adherence amongst TB patients? METHODOLOGY: A cohort of TB patients in the Frances Baard District (Northern Cape) was recruited to the project. Each patient was given their TB medication in a special SIMpill container that uses cellular phone technology to remind those patients who forget to take their medication on time. Each time the container is opened an SMS is sent to a computer server. If the container is not opened at the prescribed time the SIMpill computer sends a reminder SMS to the patient. The data collected on the computer server was analysed to show which patients opened the medication container within the agreed tolerance time, which required to be reminded by SMS, and which failed to take their medication. After the treatment programme, patients were taken through a structured questionnaire to find out their views on the functioning and user acceptability of the SIMpill system. RESULTS: 65 patients completed the SIMpill project and were subsequently interviewed. 97% of patients felt the SMS reminders helped them take their medication. The aggregated data from the SIMpill computer server showed adherence levels averaged 83% with no SMS reminders, rising to 92% if SMS reminders needed to be sent. CONCLUSION: Poor adherence is a problem in long-term therapy programmes such as those required for TB treatment. Using the SIMpill system with a cohort of 65 patients, adherence increased from 83% to 92% if SMS reminders needed to be sent by the SIMpill system
Motamen, Seyedehsara. "Synthesis of a new compound class of anti-tuberculosis natural products". Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/408500.
Texto completoThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
Tsuro, Urgent. "Modelling the impact of risk factors affecting TB treatment". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1019782.
Texto completoVisser, Hanri. "Mechanisms of resistance to new generation anti-TB drugs". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96863.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an increasing global problem. Drug resistance is mostly caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the bacterial genome. This observed increase in global incidence of drug resistant tuberculosis (TB) has sparked the search for new anti-TB drugs and the repurposing of drugs that are currently used against other organisms or species of mycobacteria. One such repurposed drug, clofazimine (CFZ), is currently used for the treatment of leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The mechanism of action of CFZ is not clear, but it is hypothesized that CFZ is reduced by a mycobacterial type II NADH oxidoreductase (NDH-2). The reduction of CFZ drives the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which is toxic to the pathogen. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of CFZ resistance. Towards this aim, spontaneous in vitro CFZ resistant mutants were selected, characterized and whole genome was used identify SNPs which may cause CFZ resistance. Mutations were identified in a transcriptional regulator encoded by Rv0678, fatty-acid-AMP ligase, or FadD28 (Rv2941) and glycerol kinase or GlpK (Rv3696c). Mutations in Rv0678 have previously been shown to play a role in both CFZ resistance and bedaquiline (BDQ) cross-resistance, while no link has been found between CFZ resistance and mutations in fadD28 and glpK. The novel, non-synonymous SNP identified in Rv0678 resulted in the replacement of an alanine residue with threonine at codon 84, which is located in the DNA binding domain. Virtual modelling of the mutated Rv0678 protein showed that the A84T mutation may influence DNA binding, possibly due to its proximity to the DNA binding domain. This mutation caused a change in hydrophobicity, which may influence binding to DNA. Previous studies showed that mutations in Rv0678 resulted in the upregulation of mmpL5, a putative efflux pump. However, the mechanism whereby CFZ resistance occurs via increased abundance of this efflux pump in the cell wall is not clear and needs further investigation. The cross-resistance between CFZ and BDQ, caused by mutations in Rv0678, is of concern and may influence the planning of anti-TB drug regimens for the future. The roles of the other two mutations identified in this study in CFZ resistance is also not clear and requires further investigation. Finally, the findings of this study support the role of Rv0678 in CFZ resistance thereby suggesting that this gene could be useful as a diagnostic marker to test for CFZ resistance in clinical isolates.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Middelweerstandigheid in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is 'n wêreldwye toenemende probleem. Middelweerstandigheid word meestal veroorsaak deur enkel nukleotied polimorfismes (SNPs) in die bakteriële genoom. Hierdie toename in middelweerstandige tuberkulose (TB) het gelei tot die soektog na nuwe anti-TB-middels en die alternatiewe aanwending van middels wat tans teen ander organismes of spesies van mikobakterieë gebruik word. Een so 'n alternatiewe middel, clofazimine (CFZ), word tans gebruik vir die behandeling van melaatsheid wat veroorsaak word deur Mycobacterium leprae. CFZ se meganisme van werking is nie duidelik nie, maar dit word vermoed dat CFZ gereduseer word deur 'n mikobakteriële tipe II NADH oksidoreduktase (NDH-2). Die reduksie van CFZ dryf die produksie van reaktiewe suurstof spesies wat giftig is vir die patogeen. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die meganisme van CFZ weerstandigheid te ondersoek. Om hierdie doel te bereik was spontane in vitro CFZ weerstandige mutante gekies, gekarakteriseer en heel genoom volgorde bepaling is gebruik om SNPs te identifiseer wat CFZ weerstandigheid veroorsaak. Mutasies in Rv0678, 'n transkripsie reguleerder, vetsuur-AMP ligase, of FadD28 (Rv2941) en gliserol kinase of GlpK (Rv3696c) geïdentifiseer. Dit is al voorheen gevind dat mutasies in Rv0678 ‘n rol speel in beide CFZ weerstandigheid en bedaquiline (BDQ) kruis-weerstandigheid, terwyl geen verband gevind is tussen CFZ weerstandigheid en mutasies in fadD28 en glpK nie. Die nuwe, nie-sinonieme SNP, geïdentifiseer in Rv0678 het gelei to die vervanging van 'n alanien aminosuur met treonien by kodon 84, wat geleë is in die DNS bindings domein. Virtuele modellering van die gemuteerde Rv0678 proteïen het getoon dat die A84T mutasie DNS binding moontlik kan beïnvloed, as gevolg van sy nabyheid aan die DNS bindings domein. Hierdie mutasie veroorsaak 'n verandering in die hidrofobiese natuur, wat DNS binding kan beïnvloed. Vorige studies het getoon dat mutasies in Rv0678 lei tot die opregulering van mmpL5, 'n waarskynlike uitvloei pomp. Die meganisme waardeur CFZ weerstandigheid veroorsaak, deur ‘n groot aantal van hierdie uitvloei pompe in die selwand, is nie duidelik nie en moet verder ondersoek word. Die kruis-weerstandigheid tussen CFZ en BDQ, wat veroorsaak word deur mutasies in Rv0678, is van belang en kan die beplanning van anti-TB middel behandeling vir die toekoms beïnvloed. Die rolle van die ander twee mutasies, wat in hierdie studie geïdentifiseer is, in CFZ weerstandigheid is ook nie duidelik nie en vereis verdere ondersoek. Ten slotte, die bevindinge van hierdie studie steun die rol van Rv0678 in CFZ weerstandigheid en dit dui daarop dat hierdie geen gebruik kan word as 'n diagnostiese merker om vir CFZ weerstandigheid te toets in kliniese isolate.
Medina, Nilberto Heder. "Momentos magnéticos de estados nucleares do \'ANTPOT.159 Tb\'". Universidade de São Paulo, 1992. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43131/tde-04102012-153339/.
Texto completoMagnetic moments of the levels in the ground state rotational band of 159Tb were measured using the transient magnetic field perturbed angular distribution technique. The levels in 159Tb were populated by Coulomb excitation with an 88 MeV beam and the deexciting rays were observed in coincidence with backscattered projectiles. The magnetic moments measured in this work were compared with hybrid models (rotor+particle and triaxial rotor+quasiparticle) in which the Hamiltonian of the nucleus is separated in a phenomenological part describing the core and a rnicroscopic part which takes into acconnt the movement of the unpaired particle. The experimental results were also interpreted with a purely microscopic calculation based on the angular momentum projection shell model. The energy levels in the ground state band are well described by the models, although the energy staggering predicted in the triaxial rotor+quasi-particle calculation has a phase opposite to the observed one. The experimental magnetic moments are well reproduced by the models, with the band miring suggesting a slight oscillation as observed in the experimental data. The magnetic transition probabilities B(M1) are not well described by the models, in which the band mixing attenuates the calculated values.
Giannopoulos, Mihail. "Tunable bandwidth quantum well infrared photo detector (TB-QWIP)". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FGiannopoulos.pdf.
Texto completoThesis advisor(s): Gamani Karunasiri, James Luscombe. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-61). Also available online.