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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Target shift"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Target shift"

Fukushima, Tetsuya, Isao Hasegawa y Yasushi Miyashita. "Prefrontal Neuronal Activity Encodes Spatial Target Representations Sequentially Updated After Nonspatial Target-Shift Cues". Journal of Neurophysiology 91, n.º 3 (marzo de 2004): 1367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00306.2003.

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We examined prefrontal neuronal activity while monkeys performed a sequential target-shift task, in which, after a positional cue indicated the initial saccade target among 8 peripheral positions, the monkeys were required to internally shift the target by one position on every flash of a target-shift cue. The target-shift cue appeared in the center 0 to 3 times within a single trial and was always the same in shape, size, and color. We found selective neuronal activity related to the target position: when the target-shift cue implied the target shift to particular peripheral positions, neurons exhibited early-dominant and late-dominant activity during the following delay period. The early-dominant target-selective activity emerged early in the delay just after the presentation of the target-shift cue, whereas the late-dominant activity gradually built up toward the end of the delay. Because the target-shift cue was not related to any specific target location, the early-dominant target-selective activity could not be a mere visual response to the target-shift cue. We suggest that the early-dominant activity reflects the transitory representation for the saccade target that was triggered by the nonspatial target-shift cue, whereas the late-dominant activity reflects the target representation in the spatial working memory or the preparatory set for the possible impending saccade, being repeatedly updated during sequential target shifts.

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Shames, Iman, Adrian N. Bishop, Matthew Smith y Brian D. O. Anderson. "Doppler Shift Target Localization". IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 49, n.º 1 (enero de 2013): 266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2013.6404102.

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Becher, Viktor. "When and why do translators add connectives?" Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 23, n.º 1 (10 de agosto de 2011): 26–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.23.1.02bec.

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Additions and omissions of connectives (e.g. conjunctions, connective adverbs, etc.) are a frequent phenomenon in translation. The present article reports on a study whose aim was to elucidate translators’ motivations for performing such shifts, focusing on the addition of connectives. The study was carried out on a bidirectional parallel corpus containing translations of business texts between English and German. Connective additions and omissions were identified, counted and analyzed taking into account the surrounding linguistic context of the shift in question, possibly associated shifts performed by the translator, alternative translation options, etc. It was found that the vast majority of identified shifts were attributable to previously established English-German contrasts in terms of syntax, lexis, and communicative norms. The findings suggest that it is unnecessary to assume that translators follow a “universal strategy” of explicitation, as it has often been done in the literature (cf. e.g. Blum-Kulka’s Explicitation Hypothesis).

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Chi, Chia-Fen y Chia-Liang Lin. "Aiming Accuracy of the Line of Gaze and Redesign of the Gaze-Pointing System". Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1997): 1111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.3.1111.

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The current experiment tested the aiming accuracy of the eye for targets at nine different positions and of two different sizes. The left eye was tracked to record the line of gaze with an infrared eye-monitoring device. For each subject, horizontal shift, vertical shift, standard deviations of the X and Y coordinates, and 95th percentile of the horizontal and vertical shifts from the nine target centers were calculated to indicate the precision, accuracy, and possible design limits of the gaze points. Analysis showed that the target's position had a strong effect on the vertical shift, standard deviations of the Y coordinate, and 95th percentile of the vertical shift. The effect of target size was not significant on any of the dependent measures. The research findings have important implications for the redesign of the gaze-pointing device. Visual targets appearing below the horizontal line of sight should be larger than those above Based on the 95th percentile of the horizontal and vertical shifts, targets should be approximately 2.0° wide and 2.4° long above or coinciding with the horizontal line of gaze and 2.6° wide and 3.9° (cm) long below the horizontal line of gaze.

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Mandal, Saumen y Atanu Biswas. "Shift-invariant target in allocation problems". Statistics in Medicine 33, n.º 15 (18 de febrero de 2014): 2597–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.6110.

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Phillips, J. O., L. Ling, A. F. Fuchs, C. Siebold y J. J. Plorde. "Rapid horizontal gaze movement in the monkey". Journal of Neurophysiology 73, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1995): 1632–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.73.4.1632.

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1. We studied horizontal eye and head movements in three monkeys that were trained to direct their gaze (eye position in space) toward jumping targets while their heads were both fixed and free to rotate about a vertical axis. We considered all gaze movements that traveled > or = 80% of the distance to the new visual target. 2. The relative contributions and metrics of eye and head movements to the gaze shift varied considerably from animal to animal and even within animals. Head movements could be initiated early or late and could be large or small. The eye movements of some monkeys showed a consistent decrease in velocity as the head accelerated, whereas others did not. Although all gaze shifts were hypometric, they were more hypometric in some monkeys than in others. Nevertheless, certain features of the gaze shift were identifiable in all monkeys. To identify those we analyzed gaze, eye in head position, and head position, and their velocities at three points in time during the gaze shift: 1) when the eye had completed its initial rotation toward the target, 2) when the initial gaze shift had landed, and 3) when the head movement was finished. 3. For small gaze shifts (< 20 degrees) the initial gaze movement consisted entirely of an eye movement because the head did not move. As gaze shifts became larger, the eye movement contribution saturated at approximately 30 degrees and the head movement contributed increasingly to the initial gaze movement. For the largest gaze shifts, the eye usually began counterrolling or remained stable in the orbit before gaze landed. During the interval between eye and gaze end, the head alone carried gaze to completion. Finally, when the head movement landed, it was almost aimed at the target and the eye had returned to within 10 +/- 7 degrees, mean +/- SD, of straight ahead. Between the end of the gaze shift and the end of the head movement, gaze remained stable in space or a small correction saccade occurred. 4. Gaze movements < 20 degrees landed accurately on target whether the head was fixed or free. For larger target movements, both head-free and head-fixed gaze shifts became increasingly hypometric. Head-free gaze shifts were more accurate, on average, but also more variable. This suggests that gaze is controlled in a different way with the head free. For target amplitudes < 60 degrees, head position was hypometric but the error was rather constant at approximately 10 degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Al-Harahsheh, Ahmad Mohammad. "Cohesion and coherence shift in Jabra’s translation of Hamlet". Onomázein Revista de lingüística filología y traducción, n.º 56 (2022): 122–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/onomazein.56.07.

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This research aims at studying the cohesion and coherence shifts in Jabra’s translation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet in Arabic. A translator is a mediator between the source text (ST) and the target readers who expect an adequate and a coherent translation of the ST. The shift of cohesion and coherence can disrupt the continuity of the target text (TT). The sample of the research consisted of 172 lines taken from different acts and scenes involving potential problems in cohesion and coherence from Shakespeare’s Hamlet, translated by Jabra Ibrahim Jabra. Blum-Kulka’s approach of cohesion and coherence shifts in translation was employed as a theoretical framework. The data analysis was based on meaning shift and explicitness shift in discourse and their effects on the continuity and understanding of the TT. The study concluded that the shift of cohesion and coherence in translation does not only affect the continuity of thoughts and events but disrupts the understanding of the target readers as well.

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Zhang, Yu, Shuo Feng, Xiaohua Sun y Haoyu Yang. "Research on Tracking Algorithm for Fast-Moving Target in Sport Video". Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2017): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2017.6153.

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Tracking of player actions from sports video sequence is the hotspot in computer vision technology. The state transfer equation and the observing equation In the target tracking system are often nonlinear and non-gauss and mean shift algorithm cannot track the visual target effectively. The paper analyzes the principle and the shortage of the traditional mean shift algorithm. The reason for its weakness is analyzed too. A new tracking algorithm that combines the particle filtering and mean shift is proposed In order to effectively trace the fast-moving target. It estimates the position by particle filter in the previous frame of the targets. The position of the target is updated by the mean shift algorithm. Experimental comparisons show that it has better fusion performance for tracking the fast-moving players in sport video.

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Putri, Vania Mendoza y Hamzah Hamzah. "Translation Shift Analysis of ANTARA News". English Language and Literature 10, n.º 4 (14 de diciembre de 2021): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ell.v10i4.114921.

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Many research of translation shift analysis has been studied, but it is not common to find translation shift analysis approach in analysing online news. The study is aimed to analyze the types of translation shift in the Indonesian – English translation in ANTARA News. Translation shift is the alteration of lexicogrammar in source language occurred when a translator is translating a text in order to get the equivalent meaning in the target language. There are two types of translation shift introduced by Catford (1965): level shift and category shifts (structure shift, class shift, unit shift, intra-system shift). The research applied descriptive qualitative methodology. The research focused on finding out the types translation shifts that occurred in the ANTARA News. The data in this research are five selected news reported about COVID-19 in Indonesia, collected by browsing official website of ANTARA News both in Indonesian and English versions. The news that is being studied in this research applied the theory of translation shift by Catford (1965), and the utterances are the source of the data, as Indonesian is the source language (SL) and another as an English the target language (TL). The data are saved in the table of indicators in the format of Microsoft Word. After finishing the analysis, it was found out that there are 76 shifts in ANTARA News with five categories. Level shift appeared 4 times, structure shift appeared 31 times, class shift appeared 14 times, unit shift appeared 21 times, and intra-system shift appeared 6 times. In conclusion, it does not rule out the possibility that translation shift can still appear in non-fiction text such as online news, due to the difference between the languages in many aspects such as linguistic feature, cultural background, and grammatical form.

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Deng, Zheng Hong, Ting Ting Li y Ting Ting Zhang. "An Adaptive Tracking Algorithm Based on Mean Shift". Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (junio de 2012): 2607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.2607.

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Object tracking is to search the most similar parts to targets in video sequences. Among the various tracking algorithms, mean shift tracking algorithm has become popular due to its simplicity, efficiency and good performance. This paper focused on mean shift tracking algorithm, which is a modeling mechanism based on statistical probability density function. In practice, when the background of the tracking and characteristics of the target are similar, pixels of background occupy a large proportion in the histogram. The traditional mean shift cannot adapt to the mutative scene. Meanwhile, if there is block or disappearance, the result is not exact. Three algorithms were given for above difficulties. A weighted template background was established, that can highlight the features of target and improve real-time. Then this paper presented a selective mechanism to update the target model. Every component is updated based on the contribution to the target model. Finally, the Kalman filter was combined with mean shift algorithm. We saw the prediction points of Kalman filter as the initial point, carried out the mean shift iteration and then updated Kalman filter using the ultimate location. Extensive experimental results illustrated excellent agreement with these methods.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Target shift"

Naeem, Asad. "Single and multiple target tracking via hybrid mean shift/particle filter algorithms". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12699/.

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This thesis is concerned with single and multiple target visual tracking algorithms and their application in the real world. While they are both powerful and general, one of the main challenges of tracking using particle filter-based algorithms is to manage the particle spread. Too wide a spread leads to dispersal of particles onto clutter, but limited spread may lead to difficulty when fast-moving objects and/or high-speed camera motion throw trackers away from their target(s). This thesis addresses the particle spread management problem. Three novel tracking algorithms are presented, each of which combines particle filtering and Kernel Mean Shift methods to produce more robust and accurate tracking. The first single target tracking algorithm, the Structured Octal Kernel Filter (SOK), combines Mean Shift (Comaniciu et al 2003) and Condensation (Isard and Blake 1998a). The spread of the particle set is handled by structurally placing the particles around the object, using eight particles arranged to cover the maximum area. Mean Shift is then applied to each particle to seek the global maxima. In effect, SOK uses intelligent switching between Mean Shift and particle filtering based on a confidence level. Though effective, it requires a threshold to be set and performs a somewhat inflexible search. The second single target tracking algorithm, the Kernel Annealed Mean Shift tracker (KAMS), uses an annealed particle filter (Deutscher et al 2000), but introduces a Mean Shift step to control particle spread. As a result, higher accuracy and robustness are achieved using fewer particles and annealing levels. Finally, KAMS is extended to create a multi-object tracking algorithm (MKAMS) by introducing an interaction filter to handle object collisions and occlusions. All three algorithms are compared experimentally with existing single/multiple object tracking algorithms. The evaluation procedure compares competing algorithms' robustness, accuracy and computational cost using both numerical measures and a novel application of McNemar's statistic. Results are presented on a wide variety of artificial and real image sequences.

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Kalkan, Yilmaz. "Target Localization Methods For Frequency-only Mimo Radar". Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614805/index.pdf.

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This dissertation is focused on developing the new target localization and the target velocity estimation methods for frequency-only multi-input, multi-output (MIMO) radar systems with widely separated antennas. If the frequency resolutions of the transmitted signals are enough, only the received frequencies and the Doppler shifts can be used to find the position of the target. In order to estimate the position and the velocity of the target, most multistatic radars or radar networks use multiple independent measurements from the target such as time-of-arrival (TOA), angle-of-arrival (AOA) and frequency-of-arrival (FOA). Although, frequency based systems have many advantages, frequency based target localization methods are very limited in literature because of the fact that highly non-linear equations are involved in solutions. In this thesis, alternative target localization and the target velocity estimation methods are proposed for frequency-only systems with low complexity. One of the proposed methods is able to estimate the target position and the target velocity based on the measurements of the Doppler frequencies. Moreover, the target movement direction can be estimated efficiently. This method is referred to as "
Target Localization via Doppler Frequencies - TLDF"
and it can be used for not only radar but also all frequency-based localization systems such as Sonar or Wireless Sensor Networks. Besides the TLDF method, two alternative target position estimation methods are proposed as well. These methods are based on the Doppler frequencies, but they requires the target velocity vector to be known. These methods are referred to as "
Target Localization via Doppler Frequencies and Target Velocity - TLD&
V methods"
and can be divided two sub-methods. One of them is based on the derivatives of the Doppler Frequencies and hence it is called as "
Derivated Doppler - TLD&
V-DD method"
. The second method uses the Maximum Likelihood (ML) principle with grid search, hence it is referred to as "
Sub-ML, TLD&
V-subML method"
. The more realistic signal model for ground based, widely separated MIMO radar is formed as including Swerling target fluctuations and the Doppler frequencies. The Cramer-Rao Bounds (CRB) are derived for the target position and the target velocity estimations for this signal model. After the received signal is constructed, the Doppler frequencies are estimated by using the DFT based periodogram spectral estimator. Then, the estimated Doppler frequencies are collected in a fusion center to localize the target. Finally, the multiple targets localization problem is investigated for frequency-only MIMO radar and a new data association method is proposed. By using the TLDF method, the validity of the method is simulated not only for the targets which are moving linearly but also for the maneuvering targets. The proposed methods can localize the target and estimate the velocity of the target with less error according to the traditional isodoppler based method. Moreover, these methods are superior than the traditional method with respect to the computational complexity. By using the simulations with MATLAB, the superiorities of the proposed methods to the traditional method are shown.

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Lillkung, Lilianna. "À la recherche de la métaphore scientifique - termes médicaux en traduction". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-37626.

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From a general point of view, the aim of this thesis is to study the appearance and the translation of the metaphor in a context that involves specialized texts. Our purpose is also to examine the historical expression of metaphor within aspects connected to its importance for creation of scientific terms. More precisely, the main object is to explore how metaphors have been used in the field of medical terminology and by which methods they have been translated across the languages. Our approach is based on the definition of conceptual metaphor conceived by Lakoff & Johnson as a product of projections made by the thought (mapping). According to that idea, the metaphor constitutes a universal and essential element of human language and, therefore, also a keystone of the human communication reproduced at every level of social activity. From the cognitive point of view, our approach is also based on the theory of blending proposed by Fauconnier & Turner. It is diachronic and multidisciplinary as well, which means that a particular focus has been placed on the etymology of medical terms, which we have explored in the scientific context where those terms have been created and used. The database in this study is composed of medical terms emerging from scientific texts that we have translated from French to Swedish. During our analysis, we have explored the occurrence of conceptual metaphor across the source language and the target language (the last one is in fact represented in this thesis by four languages: French, Swedish, English and Polish). The translation methods have been analyzed according to the model of Vinay & Darbelnet. Our result indicates that conceptual metaphor plays a crucial role in the creation of medical terminology. It indicates also that the conceptualization of a medical phenomenon (expressed by mapping and blending) is almost always preserved in its original form in the target language. This observation implies that cognitive factors are activated during the process of translation. Our conclusion is made within the historical and scientific context, in other words regarding the context where the metaphorical terms have been created and afterwards transferred to other languages. Key words: conceptual metaphor, metaphorical term, cognitive, etymology, medicine, scientific language, mapping, blending, conceptual shift, linguistic shift, translation, source language, target language.

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Gogolashvili, Davit. "Global and local Kernel methods for dataset shift, scalable inference and optimization". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS363v2.pdf.

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Dans de nombreux problèmes du monde réel, les données de formation et les données de test ont des distributions différentes. Cette situation est communément appelée " décalage de l'ensemble de données ". Les paramètres les plus courants pour le décalage des ensembles de données souvent considérés dans la littérature sont le décalage des covariables et le décalage des cibles. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions les modèles nonparamétriques appliqués au scénario de changement d'ensemble de données. Nous développons un nouveau cadre pour accélérer la régression par processus gaussien. En particulier, nous considérons des noyaux de localisation à chaque point de données pour réduire les contributions des autres points de données éloignés, et nous dérivons le modèle GPR découlant de l'application de cette opération de localisation. Grâce à une série d'expériences, nous démontrons la performance compétitive de l'approche proposée par rapport au GPR complet, à d'autres modèles localisés et aux processus gaussiens profonds. De manière cruciale, ces performances sont obtenues avec des accélérations considérables par rapport au GPR global standard en raison de l'effet de sparsification de la matrice de Gram induit par l'opération de localisation. Nous proposons une nouvelle méthode pour estimer le minimiseur et la valeur minimale d'une fonction de régression lisse et fortement convexe à partir d'observations contaminées par du bruit aléatoire
In many real world problems, the training data and test data have different distributions. The most common settings for dataset shift often considered in the literature are covariate shift and target shift. In this thesis, we investigate nonparametric models applied to the dataset shift scenario. We develop a novel framework to accelerate Gaussian process regression. In particular, we consider localization kernels at each data point to down-weigh the contributions from other data points that are far away, and we derive the GPR model stemming from the application of such localization operation. We propose a new method for estimating the minimizer and the minimum value of a smooth and strongly convex regression function from the observations contaminated by random noise

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Hellner, Joakim. "Introducing quality assessment and efficient management of cellular thermal shift assay mass spectrometry data". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-311792.

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Recent advances in molecular biology has led to the discovery of many new potential drugs. However, difficulties with in situ analysis of ligand binding prevents quick advancement in clinical trials, which stresses the need for better direct methods. A relatively new methodology, called Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA), allows for detection of ligand binding in a cells natural environment and can be used in combination with Mass Spectrometry (MS) for readout. With help from the Pelago Bioscience team, I developed a pipeline for processing of CETSA MS data and a web based system for viewing the results. The system, called CETSA Analytics, also evaluates the results relevance and helps its users to locate information efficiently. CETSA Analytics is currently being tested by Pelago Bioscience AB as a tool for experimental data distribution.

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Westling, Måns. "A Qualitative Descriptive Translation Study of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet". Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8055.

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This essay is a qualitative descriptive translation study concerning two translations of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet into Swedish. The purpose of the study is to investigate the translational behaviour of the translators and the translation norms that govern this behaviour.

By thoroughly analysing stretches of the play, the study will attempt to locate translation shifts (linguistic changes) that occur in the translation from the source text to the target text. These changes are connected with the translators’ fidelity towards e.g. the metre of the verse or the sense transfer of puns. The analysis also comprises a survey of the translation norms that the translators adhere to. These norms, stated by the translators themselves, are connected to their translation approach. Thus, the study will reveal the differences of translation behaviour and analyse them from a wider perspective. The translations were made around 1840 and in 1982, respectively. The considerable space in time in itself suggests that linguistic differences will occur. However, the study will also find differences as regards the purposes of the translations. The older translation appears to be performed in a tradition of fidelity to the written text and its literary qualities, whereas the modern translation clearly has the purpose of being used for the stage performance. The latter is stated by the translator himself, who also argues that Shakespeare is to be considered drama and not literature.

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Darienzo, Matteo. "Detection and estimation of stage-discharge rating shifts for retrospective and real-time streamflow quantification". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALU006.

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Les séries temporelles de débit des rivières sont établies à l'aide de "courbes de tarage", qui sont des modèles avec les hauteurs d’eau en entrée et les débits en sortie. Malheureusement, de nombreuses stations hydrométriques ont une relation hauteur-débit instable, notamment à cause de l’évolution du lit de la rivière lors des crues. Ces "détarages" posent problème à la fois pour l'établissement des séries hydrologiques de long-terme (analyse rétrospective) et pour la fourniture de données en temps réel, par exemple pour la prévision des inondations, avec des incertitudes quantifiées et fiables. Les méthodes existantes pour la mise à jour de la courbe de tarage sont basées sur une analyse statistique des données de calibration (jaugeages) passées ou sur des règles empiriques. Cette thèse a permis de développer des méthodes originales pour la détection automatique des détarages et l'estimation de leur amplitude en rétrospectif et en temps réel : une méthode de segmentation des résidus entre les jaugeages et une courbe de référence, une analyse des récessions du limnigramme et une détection de détarages potentiels à partir d'un indicateur disponible en temps réel (par exemple, transport sédimentaire cumulé). L'approche probabiliste permet d'une part de prendre en compte l'incertitude des informations sur les détarages et d'autre part de quantifier les incertitudes sur les débits calculés. La combinaison des trois méthodes a été appliquée à la station de l’Ardèche à Meyras, en France, qui présente des détarages nets après chaque crue importante. Une bonne détection et estimation des détarages a été observée en rétrospectif et en temps réel. La méthode est générale et applicable en opérationnel à d’autres stations après validation. La méthode est générique et, après davantage de validation, applicable en opérationnel à d'autres sites
River discharge time series are established using "rating curves", which are models with stage as input and discharge as output. Unfortunately, many hydrometric stations have an unstable stage-discharge relation, particularly because of the change in the river bed during floods. These "rating shifts" pose a problem both for the establishment of long-term hydrological series (retrospective analysis) and for the delivery of real-time data, for example for flood forecasting, with quantified and reliable uncertainties. The existing methods for updating the rating curve are based on a statistical analysis of past calibration data (the gaugings) or on empirical rules. This thesis aims at developing some original methods for the automatic detection of rating shifts and the estimation of their magnitude in both retrospective and real time: a method of segmentation of the residuals between the gaugings and a base rating curve, an analysis of the stage recessions and a method for detecting potential shifts from an indicator available in real time (e.g. cumulative sediment transport). The probabilistic approach allows on the one hand to take into account the uncertainty of the information on the shift and on the other hand to quantify the uncertainties of the calculated streamflow. The combination of the three methods has been applied to the Ardèche at Meyras, France, which shows net shifts after each major flood. Good detection and estimation of the rating shift has been observed retrospectively and in real time. The method is generic and, after further validation, operationally applicable to other sites

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Gorsedene, Christa. "A heuristic and HSSI exploration of experiencing interplay between spiritual guidance and synchronicity within person-centred encounters". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-heuristic-and-hssi-exploration-of-experiencing-interplay-between-spiritual-guidance-and-synchronicity-within-personcentred-encounters(3a4e4301-d034-4d71-8b40-5f4b8b5779c8).html.

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This research has been a study in amazement. Initially an agnostic physics graduate, the researcher undertook training in the person-centred approach (pca) to self-development and counselling, during which she came to experience strange personal experiences which she could neither gainsay nor fit into her then worldview. Sketching these briefly, exceptional human experiences (EHEs) and synchronicities increasingly happened until (shockingly) they declared a seeming spirit guide (Mungo) to her, also juxtaposed in time with her first-ever chance encounter with dowsing. Thereafter these phenomena, combined with randomisable image-cards, tutored her into a physically observable method of 'discussion' with them (alone or with another) conducted with pca values. This PhD involved researching that phenomenon-complex through 'discussions' with 35 participants. The methodology used was heuristics and its heuristic self-search inquiry specialism (HSSI) whose attention to personal experiencing, indwelling to contact tacit knowledge, and incubatory rest phases to foster illuminatory new 'ahaa!' apprehensions suited this nascent mysterious subject. Both participants and researcher experienced coincidences weaving the 'discussions' and their wider lives together. Thus synchronicity became equal-partner research-topic, being studied as it occurred and, through affecting certain choices, becoming part of the methodology itself. The phenomenon-complex was experienced as fostering ethical living, creativity, personal development and science-spirituality interconnection in ways wellpitched and paced for each experiencer. The phenomena were also experienced as synergizing with each other, and as fostering integration within and between persons. After work on the participant sessions was completed, the writings of further thesis chapters were 'butted into' by in-the-moment relevant synchronicities, not just singly but in flows and patterns in which the researcher found herself discerning overarching meanings. Given this exceptional opportunity the researcher (in effect doing a bonus research-section) tracked her experiencing of these synchronistic flows and her responses thereto wherever they led, using Sela-Smith's first-person heuristic self-search inquiry (HSSI) methodology. Each synchronistically-influenced chapter was experienced as exploring certain themes, with themes building as the thesis progressed. Heuristics and HSSI are usually transformative. This researcher was transformed from the ground up from agnosticism to credence in 'something more' through her experiencings (both alone and inter-relationally with participants). Their 'package deal' presented personal shadow-work alongside help in life difficulties, and great fascination but darker times too. In total she came to feel part of an interconnected, spiritually-intelligent and compassionate cosmic domain, and existentially happier.

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Lin, Yong-Yuan y 林永淵. "Video Object Tracking using Mean-Shift Algorithm with Adaptive Target Model". Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79669014619972281165.

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碩士
國立東華大學
資訊工程學系
94
We present a video object tracking algorithm based on a mean-shift algorithm with an adaptive target model that can distinguish a target object from its surrounding background. The target model records a relative likelihood ratio of the feature attributions between the target object and the surrounding background. Moreover, the target model is dynamically updated to reflect the changes of the probability density function of the tracking object. An energy-log-likelihood ratio test is applied to compute the confidences of new features in the video sequence. A segmentation algorithm is designed to estimate break points located on the object contour using the distribution of likelihood ratios. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed tracking algorithm can (1) effectively discriminate target object from the surrounding background, (2) robustly and accurately track target object, (3) estimate and conserve object contour, and (4) adaptively learn the new appearance of target object.

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Kun-Yo, Lin. "Automatic Target Recognition Based on High Resolution Range Profiles with Unknown Circular Range Shift". 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0009-2607200617223500.

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Bragina, Zinaida, Tat'yana Vasil'kova, Natal'ya Gorbina, Irina Zhupley, Aleksey Zorin, Oksana Ivanova, Natal'ya Isina et al. Priorities of socio-economic development of rural areas in the context of global challenges. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1870593.

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The monograph examines the priority areas of rural development caused by the global challenges of the economy and society as a whole. The main factors of rural development, multidirectional links between the economy of municipalities and the level of economic development and economic security of the region are noted. The most important organizational and economic mechanisms for the development of the agricultural sector are shown: state support, tax regulation, introduction of information and communication technologies and digitalization. Applied solutions for managing costs and financial results, directions for diversifying the rural economy, and the feasibility of developing cooperation are outlined. The target positive directions of structural shifts in agriculture, ensuring the achievement of food security, are outlined. It is intended for managers and specialists of agricultural organizations, local governments, researchers, teachers and students of higher educational institutions.

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Denton, Helen. Chapter 14 Coupled Enzyme Activity and Thermal Shift Screening of the Maybridge Rule of 3 Fragment Library Against Trypanosoma brucei Choline Kinase; A Genetically Validated Drug Target. InTechOpen, 2013.

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Barcelona, Antonio. Metaphor and Metonymy in Language and Art. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0014.

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Interpreting sacred notions of the Hebrew Bible in a non-literal sense was part of the hermeneutical manoeuvres of Early Christian writers. They proceeded by deliteralization and metaphorization, meta-linguistic speech acts by which a word usually understood in its literal sense receives a non-literal meaning. The author develops a two-phase model of Paul’s notion of the ‘circumcision of the heart.’ First the initial values (Jewishness and ritual circumcision) are projected upon a newly created target, inwardness. Then the original value is abolished. This process can be termed a value-shift, versus similar instances which should be seen as value-extensions, the source value being preserved and extended to other realms. Corollaries of value-shift and value-extension are duty-shift and duty-extension. From a socio-religious perspective, metaphorization accompanies a widening of the religious community; it reveals itself to be a moment in the genesis of new philosophical concepts, such as inwardness as the locus of redemption.

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Mitchell, Koritha. The Black Lawyer. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036491.003.0005.

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This chapter traces the shift in the community conversation from an emphasis on black soldiers who return from fighting overseas and must be defended by white attorneys to the increasing visibility of black lawyers. Crisis magazine coverage notes this shift, and lynching dramas similarly identify the black attorney as a figure embodying the race's faith in truth and justice. The mob's target in A Sunday Morning in the South (of which author Georgia Douglas Johnson wrote white-church and black-church versions) aspires to be a lawyer. In For Unborn Children by Myrtle Smith Livingston, the mob's victim is already an attorney. Placing a spotlight on these men, the scripts preserve community perspectives that are rejected by courts of law and the court of public opinion.

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Bisschops, Ralph. Metaphor in Religious Transformation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190636647.003.0012.

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Interpreting sacred notions of the Hebrew Bible in a figurative sense was part of the hermeneutical manoeuvres of Early Christian writers. They proceeded by deliteralisation and metaphorisation. Paul’s notion of the ‘circumcision of the heart’, which is intimately linked to that of the ‘inner Jew’, was an attempt to internalise Jewish law-abidingness whilst abolishing its initial dignity. The chapter develops a two-phase model behind Paul’s metaphorisations. First the initial values (Jewishness and ritual circumcision) are projected onto a newly created target, namely inwardness. Subsequently, the original value is abolished. This process can be termed a value-shift, in contradistinction to similar instances which should be seen as value-extensions the source value being preserved and merely extended. . Corollaries of value-shift and value-extension are duty-shift and duty-extension. From a socio-religious perspective, metaphorisation goes along with a widening of the religious community. In the last resort, however, it reveals itself to be a moment in the genesis of new theological and even philosophical concepts such as inwardness as the locus of redemption.

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Lambert, David G. Mechanisms and determinants of anaesthetic drug action. Editado por Michel M. R. F. Struys. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0013.

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This chapter is broken into two main sections: a general description of the principles of ligand receptor interaction and a discussion of the main groups of ‘targets’; and explanation of some common pharmacological interactions in anaesthesia, critical care, and pain management. Agonists bind to and activate receptors while antagonists bind to receptors and block the effects of agonists. Antagonists can be competitive (most common) or non-competitive/irreversible. The main classes of drug target are enzymes, carriers, ion channels, and receptors with examples of anaesthetic relevance interacting with all classes. There are many examples in anaesthesia where multiple interacting drugs are co-administered—polypharmacology. To give an example: neuromuscular blockade. Rocuronium is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker acting as a competitive antagonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Rocuronium competes with endogenous acetylcholine to shift the concentration–response curve for contraction to the right. The degree of contractility is less for a given concentration of acetylcholine (agonist) in the presence of rocuronium. Using the same principle, the rightward shift can be compensated by increasing the amount of acetylcholine (as long as the amount of rocuronium presented to the receptor as an antagonist remains unchanged, its action can be overcome by increased agonist). Acetylcholine at the effect site is increased by acetylcholinesterase inhibition with neostigmine. One of the side-effects of neostigmine is that it acts as an indirect parasympathomimetic. In the cardiovascular system this would lead to muscarinic receptor-mediated bradycardia; these effects are routinely reversed by the competitive muscarinic antagonist glycopyrrolate.

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Arsenault, Elizabeth Grimm. Geneva Convention Compliance in Iraq and Afghanistan. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199379774.003.0005.

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US compliance with the Geneva Conventions in Iraq and Afghanistan appeared to vary with the particular subject matter and battle space. In military operations during the last decade, the United States assessed the legality of virtually every proposed target to avoid the intentional targeting of civilians. Legal specialists also, however, flagrantly overlooked Common Article 3’s minimum prescription that all captured individuals have the right to be treated humanely. This variation in compliance is explained by the shift in mission objectives: When the United States approached these conflicts as purely counterterror operations, the goal was to disrupt the enemy. However, under the population-centric counterinsurgency mission, noncompliance with the Geneva Conventions equated to mission failure. The shift from counterterrorism to counterinsurgency increased US sensitivity to civilian casualties and the operational consequences of detainee abuse. By adapting practice to comply with the Conventions, the people became the prize in the war on terror.

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Lee, Bonmyong. Stereotactic Core Biopsy. Editado por Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman y Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0055.

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Stereotactic biopsy systems utilize angled mammography images and parallax shift to localize and sample a target. The most common indication for stereotactic core biopsy is to sample suspicious/indeterminate calcifications, but it can be used to biopsy any mammographic finding (mass, developing asymmetry, architectural distortion). In benign cases, core biopsy may avoid unnecessary surgery. In malignant cases, core biopsy allows for a pathological diagnosis prior to lumpectomy, and better surgical planning. This chapter, appearing in the section on interventions and surgical procedures, provides a practical guide to stereotactic core biopsy. Topics discussed include stereotactic core biopsy equipment, procedure protocols and pitfalls, clinical management, and imaging follow-up.

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Walsh, Richard A. When Less Is More. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190607555.003.0006.

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The natural history of PD produces a predominance of nonmotor complications in the later years that can often be more disabling than the motor complications due to their impact on quality of life. Quality of life is less impaired by motor symptoms than it is by cognitive impairment, hallucinations, autonomic involvement, and sleep disruption. Carer burden can be significant, and a shift of emphasis toward maximizing quality of life for patient and carer over the achievement of continuous dopaminergic stimulation is required. Recognition of the carer burden is an important facet of the palliative neurology consultation, which should target resources to limit carer burnout in recognition of their critical role.

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Wijdicks, Eelco F. M. y Sarah L. Clark. Osmotic Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0005.

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Osmotic drugs are ubiquitously used in neurocritically ill patients. Mannitol and hypertonic saline are readily available in emergency departments and intensive care units to reduce intracranial pressure. Mannitol depletes and hypertonic saline expands the volume status. Hyperosmolar fluids increase the intravascular osmolality, draw water from the brain, reduce or temporize shift, and reduce globally increased intracranial pressure from any cause. These osmotic fluids change fluid compartments and cannot be used indiscriminately. Particularly when they are administered regularly, close monitoring is needed and target goals should be set. This chapter discusses triggers for the use of these osmotic agents, how to judge their effect, and how to dose adequately.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Target shift"

Petrauskas, Vytautas, Asta Zubrienė, Matthew J. Todd y Daumantas Matulis. "Inhibitor Binding to Carbonic Anhydrases by Fluorescent Thermal Shift Assay". En Carbonic Anhydrase as Drug Target, 63–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12780-0_5.

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Skvarnavičius, Gediminas, Daumantas Matulis y Vytautas Petrauskas. "Change in Volume Upon Inhibitor Binding to Carbonic Anhydrases by Fluorescent Pressure Shift Assay". En Carbonic Anhydrase as Drug Target, 97–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12780-0_7.

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Shimada, Masanobu. "Defocusing and Image Shift Due to the Moving Target". En Imaging from Spaceborne and Airborne SARs, Calibration, and Applications, 215–28. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21909-10.

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Zhang, Shuang, Yu-Ping Qin y Gang Jin. "Analyzing of Mean-Shift Algorithm in Gray Target Tracking Technology". En Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence, 155–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23881-9_20.

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Shuang, Zhang, Qin Yu-ping, Ding Hao y Jin Gang. "Analyzing of Mean-Shift Algorithm in Extended Target Tracking Technology". En Future Computing, Communication, Control and Management, 161–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27326-1_21.

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Won, Yonggwan, Bae-Ho Lee, Yong-Chang Baek y Jung-Soo Lee. "Shift-invariant fuzzy-morphology neural network for occluded target recognition". En Biological and Artificial Computation: From Neuroscience to Technology, 1144–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0032574.

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Takahashi, Ryuhei, Atsushi Hashimoto, Motoharu Sonogashira y Masaaki Iiyama. "Partially-Shared Variational Auto-encoders for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation with Target Shift". En Computer Vision – ECCV 2020, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58517-4_1.

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Fan, Zheyi, Mo Li y Zhiwen Liu. "An Improved Video Target Tracking Algorithm Based on Particle Filter and Mean-Shift". En Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 409–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34531-9_43.

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Huang, Lijing, Naiwen Yu, Ming Han y Peng Liu. "Study of Multi-target Tracking Algorithm Based on Mean-shift and Particle Filter". En LISS 2014, 1717–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43871-8_247.

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Li, Rui, Xinsheng Huang, Ruitao Lu y Lurong Shen. "Infrared Small Target Tracking Algorithm Based on Fusion Feature Matching and Mean Shift Correction". En Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 595–603. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1759-6_68.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Target shift"

Nguyen, Ngoc Hung y Kutluyil Dogangay. "Optimal sensor-target geometries for Doppler-shift target localization". En 2015 23rd European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eusipco.2015.7362369.

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Liu, Yong. "Target shift awareness in balanced ensemble learning". En 2011 3rd International Conference on Awareness Science and Technology (iCAST). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icawst.2011.6163133.

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Phadke, G. y R. Velmurugan. "Improved mean shift for multi-target tracking". En 2013 IEEE International Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance (PETS 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pets.2013.6523793.

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Chuan Zhao, Andrew Knight y Ian Reid. "Target tracking using mean-shift and affine structure". En 2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761914.

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Nguyen, Ngoc Hung y Kutluyil Dogancay. "Optimal sensor placement for Doppler shift target localization". En 2015 IEEE International Radar Conference (RadarCon). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2015.7131268.

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Choe, Jeehyun Goya y Ju-Jang Lee. "Target-adjusted Kernel model for Mean-shift tracker". En 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isie.2009.5219907.

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Zhang, Maolei, Tao Chen, Rui Yang, Hongyong Yuan y Shunjiang Ni. "Target Tracking Using Self-Adapting Mean Shift Algorithm". En 2010 International Conference on Optoelectronics and Image Processing (ICOIP). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icoip.2010.296.

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Li, Chihwen y Chwan-Hwa Wu. "Rotation, scaling, shift, and distortion-invariant target recognition". En Aerospace Sensing, editado por Steven K. Rogers. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.139990.

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Ji, Jing, Jiapeng Tian y Yansong Deng. "Moving Target Tracking Based on Cam-shift Algorithm". En 2nd International Conference on Mechatronics Engineering and Information Technology (ICMEIT 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmeit-17.2017.60.

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Cunwei Tian, Guangying Ge, Shuxiang Ye y Xinzong Bao. "Researches of scale adaptive Mean Shift target tracking algorithm". En 2010 8th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2010.5554032.

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Informes sobre el tema "Target shift"

Coyner, Kelley y Jason Bittner. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Logistics and Delivery. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, septiembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023021.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Like the shift from horse drawn carriages to cars, the emergence of delivery robots marks a shift from driverless vehicles to automated logistics vehicles where form follows function. On paper, the business cases are compelling and the use cases seemingly unbounded. Vehicles may be conventional in the form of trucks and industrial equipment of all types, or as purpose-built vehicles on with widely varying cargo capacities. Proof of concepts and pilots are moving forward on roadways, sidewalks, and doorsteps, as well as in low altitude airways, ports, and even inside of buildings.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Logistics and Delivery</b> addresses the current state of the industry, benefits of ADVs, challenges, and expanding use. It also touches on opportunities to design, modify, and expand infrastructure—both digital and physical—to supports safe and equitable usage. The report draws on experience and research on these topics in North America, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Australia, and the United Arab Emirates, among others.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>

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Khan, Samir. Redefining Space Commerce: The Move Toward Servitization. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, enero de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2024002.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">“New Space" is reshaping the economic landscape of the space industry and has far-reaching implications for technological innovation, business models, and market dynamics. This change, aligned with the digitalization in the world economy, has given rise to innovations in the downstream space segment. This “servitization” of the space industry, essentially, has led to the transition from selling products like satellites or spacecraft, to selling the services these products provide. This also connects to applications of various technologies, like cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and virtualization.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Redefining Space Commerce: The Move Toward Servitization</b> discusses the advantages of this shift (e.g., cost reduction, increased access to space for smaller organizations and countries), as well as the challenges, such as maintaining safety and security, establishing standardization and regulation, and managing risks. The implications of this may be far-reaching, affecting not only the space industry but also related fields, such as defense, telecommunications, and activity monitoring. This report also explores the transformative changes happening in the space sector and their impact on economic evaluation and space policy.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>

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Бережна, Маргарита Василівна. Translator’s Gender in the Target Text. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4140.

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For the last three decades, the issue of translator’s gender and its representation in the target text has been actively researched in translation studies. Over the period there appeared numerous, sometimes contradicting views on markers of feminine / masculine / other types of speech, on whether the translator’s gender is revealed in the target text, and on the quality of translation depending on the translator’s gender. The present paper focuses on the translator’s gender markers in the target text. Taking into account the results of other linguists and my own observations, I consider the researched units being either definite or ambiguous markers of the translator’s gender. I want to bring to light gender differences in two Ukrainian translations (female translation by Natalia Tysovska and male translation by Viacheslav Brodovyi) of George R.R. Martin’s A Game of Thrones. The semantic, pragmatic and stylistic shifts in the target text conditioned by the translator’s gender and gender stereotypes blur the sense of the source text. Thus, such shifts should be regarded as unwanted changes and better be avoided.

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Viguri, Sofía, Sandra López Tovar, Mariel Juárez Olvera y Gloria Visconti. Analysis of External Climate Finance Access and Implementation: CIF, FCPF, GCF and GEF Projects and Programs by the Inter-American Development Bank. Inter-American Development Bank, enero de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003008.

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In response to the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the IDB Group Board of Governors endorsed the target of increasing climate-related financing in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) from 15% in 2015 to 30% of the IDB Groups combined total approvals by 2020. Currently, the IDB Group is on track to meet this commitment, as in 2018, it financed nearly US$5 billion in climate-change-related activities benefiting LAC, which accounted for 27% of total IDB Groups annual approvals. In 2019, the overall volume and proportion of climate finance in new IDBG approvals have increased to 29%. As the IDB continues to strive towards this goal by using its funds to ramp-up climate action, it also acknowledges that tackling climate change is an objective shared with the rest of the international community. For the past ten years, strategic partnerships have been forged with external sources of finance that are also looking to invest in low-carbon and climate-resilient development. Doing this has contributed to the Banks objective of mobilizing additional resources for climate action while also strengthening its position as a leading partner to accelerate climate innovation in many fields. From climate-smart technologies and resilient infrastructure to institutional reform and financial mechanisms, IDB's use of external sources of finance is helping countries in LAC advance toward meeting their international climate change commitments. This report collects a series of insights and lessons learned by the IDB in the preparation and implementation of projects with climate finance from four external sources: the Climate Investment Funds (CIF), the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). It includes a systematic revision of their design and their progress on delivery, an assessment of broader impacts (scale-up, replication, and contributions to transformational change/paradigm shift), and a set of recommendations to optimize the access and use of these funds in future rounds of climate investment. The insights and lessons learned collected in this publication can inform the design of short and medium-term actions that support “green recovery” through the mobilization of investments that promote decarbonization.

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Eberle, Caitlyn, Jack O'Connor, Liliana Narvaez, Melisa Mena Benavides y Zita Sebesvari. Interconnected Disaster Risks 2023: Risk Tipping Points. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), octubre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/wtwn2495.

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The 2023 Interconnected Disaster Risks report examines six immediate and increasing risks across the world: the accelerating extinctions of species, the depletion of groundwater resources, the retreat of mountain glaciers, the growing number of places facing uninhabitable temperatures, the rise in uninsurability and the growing amount of space debris. Through literature review and expert consultation, we define “risk tipping points” for each of the six cases, representing the point at which a given socioecological system ceases to buffer risks and to provide its expected functions, after which the risk of catastrophic impacts to the system increases substantially. Our analysis also includes a highlight on the interconnectivity of root causes and drivers that are pushing these systems to their tipping point, as well as their influence on each other and compounding and cascading impacts into other systems, now and in the future. Our findings indicate that human actions are causing these increased risks, and we discuss the potential behavior and value changes that will be necessary to address them. This report also proposes a new framework to classify and discuss the effectiveness of solutions that help us address risk tipping points. Solutions fall into two main categories: Avoid solutions that target root causes and drivers of risk to avoid crossing risk tipping points altogether, and adapt solutions that help us to prepare or to better address the negative impacts of risk tipping point in case they cannot be avoided, and seek to adapt to the resulting changes in an attempt to live with them. Within each category, there are two options for actions: Delay actions work within the existing “business as usual” system and seek to slow down the progression towards risk tipping points or possible worst impacts. Transform actions involve a fundamental re-imagining of the system itself. Out of the different categories, it is transformative solutions that have the potential to move us away from a future of multiplying risk tipping points, but they also require the most societal and personal change. Therefore, the report highlights overall changes we can make to our behaviours and values that would transform the way we use our systems and reduce overall risk. These include a shift towards zero waste, a closer connection to nature, global cooperation and trust, consideration for future generations, and shifting to an economic model that is less focused on growth and more on human well-being within planetary boundaries. Addressing risk tipping points requires us to fundamentally change how we perceive and value the world around us in a way that gives us the responsibility to care for it. We must design our systems to work in a way that recognizes how much we need the world and all its systems working together for our survival; otherwise, we will find ourselves in a future where risks continue to multiply. The choice is ours. We have the power to act now to create the future we want.

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Giacometti, Alberto y Hilma Salonen. Championing sustainable construction using timber in the Baltic Sea Region. Nordregio, diciembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2023:7.2001-3876.

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Timber construction can radically cut carbon emissions. The construction sector is accountable for c. 40% of global emissions, a third of which comes from the production of building materials. Replacing concrete and steel with timber offers a huge opportunity to reach the carbon neutrality goals. Nordic and Baltic countries have a unique advantage in leading the way, given the vast forest resources available, a long legacy of the forestry industry and wood building, the in-built industrial capacity, and the well-functioning and interlinked supply chains across the Baltic Sea Region (BSR). Yet, decisive policy measures are needed to overcome technical, regulatory, and cultural obstacles. Challenging the status quo and creating a market shift demands holistic and collaborative approaches that can enable systemic change, as well as targeted measures to navigate through country-specific obstacles.

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Fernández-Villaverde, Jesús, Joël Marbet, Galo Nuño y Omar Rachedi. Inequality and the zero lower bound. Madrid: Banco de España, febrero de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/36133.

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This paper studies how household inequality shapes the effects of the zero lower bound (ZLB) on nominal interest rates on aggregate dynamics. To do so, we consider a heterogeneous agent New Keynesian (HANK) model with an occasionally binding ZLB and solve for its fully non-linear stochastic equilibrium using a novel neural network algorithm. In this setting, changes in the monetary policy stance influence households’precautionary savings by altering the frequency of ZLB events. As a result, the model features monetary policy non-neutrality in the long run. The degree of long-run non-neutrality, i.e., by how much monetary policy shifts real rates in the ergodic distribution of the model, can be substantial when we combine low inflation targets and high levels of wealth inequality.

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Reeb, Tyler D. y Stacey Park. Trade and Transportation Talent Pipeline Blueprints: Building UniversityIndustry Talent Pipelines in Colleges of Continuing and Professional Education. Mineta Transportation Institute, febrero de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2023.2144.

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The rapid adoption of transformational technologies along with other economic and cultural shifts, have created a gap between workers and the skills and knowledge necessary for in-demand occupations. Trade and Transportation Talent Pipeline Blueprints: Building University-Industry Talent Pipelines in Colleges of Continuing and Professional Education identifies the steps required to build talent pipelines that target in-demand trade and transportation occupations requiring specific degrees, certificates, and non-credit professional development. This report provides a literature review and labor market data analysis. It also includes documentation of methodology in planning a pilot program for Colleges of Professional and Continuing Education housed within each of the 23 California State University campuses. The recommendations guide the colleges to develop talent pipelines to empower trade and transportation employers to play a more central role in addressing skills gaps and other critical workforce development needs in working partnerships with postsecondary education and training providers. The report concludes with a recommended university-industry Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Talent Pipeline pilot program.

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Castilleja Vargas, Liliana, Daniel Hernaiz, Alejandro Rasteletti y Eduardo Borensztein. International Crises and Policy Responses in the Southern Cone. Inter-American Development Bank, octubre de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011434.

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This document analyzes the patterns of fiscal and monetary policy in five economies of the Latin American Southern Cone (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay) during four episodes of international crises: 1994, 1997-1999, 2001 and 2008. In contrast with earlier episodes when most countries in the region applied procyclical fiscal and monetary policies, the response of the five countries to the 2008 crisis was countercyclical. On the fiscal side, countries had a larger fiscal space in 2008 to implement a countercyclical policy thanks to increases in primary balances, improvements in sustainability indicators and a reduction in financing needs in the years before the crisis. On the monetary side, the capacity to implement countercyclical policy was supported by a shift towards more flexible exchange rate regimes, and monetary policy regimes that enhanced transparency, reduced price volatility and increased the credibility of monetary authorities. For countries to be able to implement countercyclical responses in future crisis episodes, the fiscal authorities should reverse expansionary measures during good times and Central Banks should meet their inflation targets to preserve fiscal space and anchor inflation expectations.

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Jameel, Yusuf, Paul West y Daniel Jasper. Reducing Black Carbon: A Triple Win for Climate, Health, and Well-Being. Project Drawdown, noviembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55789/y2c0k2p3.

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Black carbon – also referred to as soot – is a particulate matter that results from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. As a major air and climate pollutant, black carbon (BC) emissions have widespread adverse effects on human health and climate change. Globally, exposure to unhealthy levels of particulate matter, including BC, is estimated to cause between three and six million excess deaths every year. These health impacts – and the related economic losses – are felt disproportionately by those living in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, BC is a potent greenhouse gas with a short-term global warming potential well beyond carbon dioxide and methane. Worse still, it is often deposited on sea ice and glaciers, reducing reflectivity and accelerating melting, particularly in the Arctic and Himalayas. Therefore, reducing BC emissions results in a triple win, mitigating climate change, improving the lives of more than two billion people currently exposed to unclean air, and saving trillions of dollars in economic losses. Today, the majority of BC emissions stem from just a handful of sectors and countries. Over 70% of BC comes from the residential and transportation sectors, with the latter being the dominant source in high-income countries and the former driving emissions in low- and middle-income nations. On a country-level, China and India are the biggest emitters accounting for one-third of global BC emissions. When combined with Brazil, Indonesia, and Nigeria, these five countries alone emit 50% of all BC. While BC emissions trends over the past 20 years have been inconsistent globally, there has been a notable decline in Europe, North America, and China. Conversely, emissions have been rising in regions like Africa, South Asia, and Central Asia. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recommends deep reductions in BC emissions by 2030 to achieve the Paris Climate Agreement goal of limiting warming to below 1.5°C, yet very few countries have addressed BC in their climate plans. Fortunately, solutions that can rapidly reduce BC emissions by the end of this decade are readily available. By implementing the right policies, deploying targeted interventions in hotspots, and redirecting climate finance, policymakers and funders can mitigate the climate effects of BC while saving millions of lives and trillions of dollars. Below are key recommendations to achieve these aims based on the findings of this report: Urgently implement clean cooking solutions Providing clean cooking fuels and technologies in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, especially in the hotspots of the Indo-Gangetic Plains, Nigeria, and Uganda, can significantly reduce BC emissions. Countries with low penetration of clean cooking fuel must urgently develop policies that make clean cooking a priority for health and climate. Target transportation to reduce current – and prevent future – emissions Retrofitting older diesel engines with diesel particulate filters can remove up to 95% of BC. Countries around the world must implement policies to phase out polluting vehicles, set emission standards, and accelerate the uptake of EVs and hybrids, especially in urban regions where transportation demand is growing rapidly. A successful shift to EVs demands national investments complemented with international financing and private capital. Multilateral development banks need to play a pivotal role in this transition, with strategies like concessional finance to fast-track key projects and stimulate private sector investment. Reduce BC from the shipping industry BC emissions from the shipping industry must be urgently reduced to protect the Arctic ecosystem. Shifting shipping away from heavy fuel oil and equipping ships with diesel particulate filters is a cost-effective approach that would quickly and significantly reduce emissions. Regulate air quality Stringent emissions standards, clean air laws, baselines, and mandatory monitoring programs can effectively reduce BC emissions. Such policies have already resulted in large reductions in Europe, North America, and, more recently, China. However, several low- and middle-income countries have no legal protection for ambient air quality and lack legislatively-mandated standards. Implementing strong and legally binding policies can result in a large decrease in BC emissions, particularly across the transportation and industry sectors. Include BC in nationally determined contributions and the UNFCCC Only 12 countries have explicitly addressed BC in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). This limited focus on BC is partly due to its omission from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s (UNFCCC) list of climate pollutants, an oversight that should be reconsidered given that reducing BC would save countless lives and slow global warming. As nations review their NDCs by 2025, they must incorporate BC reduction efforts to meet climate and well-being targets. Improve BC measurements and estimates BC estimates are plagued by uncertainties. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more accurate inventories in order to develop better emission reduction plans. Stakeholders must collaborate to develop a consistent BC measurement protocol, prioritize the collection of high-quality data, and use state of the art models to enhance estimates and reduce uncertainties.

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