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1
Rakhmonov, A. Kh. "New sanctions of the European Union and United States against Russia and their impact on Tajikistan’s socio-economic development". UPRAVLENIE / MANAGEMENT (Russia) 10, n.º 4 (24 de enero de 2023): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2022-10-4-121-131.
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The article examines the socio-economic relationship between Tajikistan and Russia, the new European Union and USA sanctions against Russia and their impact on the economy and well-being of Tajikistan, and the role of Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) in Russian and Tajik banks, including the disconnection of SWIFT from Russian banks and its impact on remittances of migrant workers in Tajikistan. Attention is paid to Tajikistan’s crisis management policy. After gaining independence, Tajikistan’s economy suffered greatly from the civil war in the republic. Russia is one of the main donors to Tajikistan’s economy. There are countries that are more connected to Russia than Tajikistan, but it is difficult to find a country that could compete with Tajikistan in terms of dependence on Russia. Almost all sectors of Tajikistan’s economy depend on Russia: Tajikistan is a donor country for migrant workers, and remittances from migrant workers play an important role in Tajikistan’s economy. Only, at the expense of money transfers of Tajik labor migrants, the banking sector of Tajikistan is supported. Over the years of independence, Tajikistan has not taken its economy out of the influence of Russia. The dependence of the Tajik economy on Russia manifested itself in the very first days of the conflict actions on the territory of Ukraine in February 2022. After the statement of Western countries on the introduction of new sanctions to restrict the access of some Russian banks to the SWIFT, the problems of the financial intermediation market of Tajikistan were exposed. An unprecedented package of sanctions by Western countries due to the situation with Ukraine has already led to a number of problems inside Tajikistan. European Union and USA sanctions against Russia have also had a strong impact on all sectors of Tajikistan’s economy, from food prices to the banking sector. The aim of the article is to assess the role of the new European Union and USA sanctions against Russia in connection with the conflict in Ukraine and their impact on the economy and welfare of Tajikistan.
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Alaei, Arash, Daniel J. Bromberg, Mary M. Tate, Saifuddin Karimov, Dilshod Saidi y Kamiar Alaei. "HIV and associated factors among female sex workers in Tajikistan: Analysis from a national bio-behavioral survey". International Journal of STD & AIDS 32, n.º 8 (26 de marzo de 2021): 678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462420984696.
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Tajikistan, a country of approximately nine million people, has a relatively small but quickly growing HIV epidemic. No peer-reviewed study has assessed factors associated with HIV, or associated risk factors, among female sex workers (FSWs) in Tajikistan. The purpose of the current study is to elucidate the factors associated with HIV status and risk factors in the Tajikistani context and add to the scant literature on risk factors among FSWs in Tajikistan and Central Asia. We used cross-sectional data from an HIV bio-behavioral survey (BBS) conducted among FSWs in the Republic of Tajikistan ( n = 2174) in 2017. Using Respondent Driven Sampling Analysis Tool software, we calculated the prevalence of HIV, diagnosed cases, linkage to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the prevalence of syphilis for FSWs in Tajikistan. Prevalence data were adjusted for network size and any clustering effects in the network. Further, using univariate and multivariable logistic regression, we determined correlates of HIV-positive status. Results were as follows: Of all FSWs in Tajikistan, 2.6% (95% CI: 1.7–3.8%) are HIV positive, 2.3% (95% CI: 1.4–3.5%) are diagnosed and aware of their status, and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.2–3.1%) are on ART. About 5.7% (95% CI: 4.5–7.4%) of FSWs in Tajikistan have ever had syphilis, and 0.8% (95% CI: 0.4–1.3%) have active syphilis infections. The epidemic of injection drug use was found to be strongly synergistic with HIV infection as having had sex with a person who injects drugs was shown to be strongly associated with HIV-positive status (OR: 5.2; 95% CI: 2.6–10.2) in the multivariable model. While this study estimates that HIV prevalence among Tajikistani FSWs is relatively low, it is likely an underestimated due to selection and social desirability biases. To curb the small, but potentially volatile, HIV epidemic among FSWs, the government should consider targeted testing and linkage-to-care efforts for FSWs who inject drugs or who have people who inject drugs partners. Services should also be prioritized in Gorno-Badakhshan, which has a higher number of FSWs per capita relative to other regions. Additionally, the link between HIV and experiences of stigma, violence, and discrimination against FSWs should motivate advocates to protect Tajikistani FSWs from these experiences.
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Liwei, Zhang y Yang Bo. "Tajikistan’s integration into the Eurasian Economic Union: factual characteristics and an in-depth assessment". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, n.º 11-2 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202211statyi59.
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This article analyses the prerequisites and the process of Eurasian economic integration and the state of the Eurasian Economic Union development, demonstrates the proximity of Tajikistan and the Union's member states in terms of trade and economic relations, and objectively describes trade and economic relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. Based on social development, economic structure, investment needs, legal frameworks, Tajikistan's diplomatic strategy and the development effectiveness of the Eurasian Economic Union, the motivation and obstacles to Tajikistan's accession to the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as the consequences of joining the Union for Tajikistan itself and the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union are assessed and examined in depth.
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Zhang, Yi, Jing-Ran Zhu y Xiao-Yan Yu. "A Comparative Study of the Gemological Characteristics and Inclusions in Spinels from Myanmar and Tajikistan". Crystals 12, n.º 5 (27 de abril de 2022): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050617.
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Currently, most of the popular spinels in the jewellery market come from Myanmar and Tajikistan. It is well known that provenance is one of the main factors affecting the value of a gemstone, and the geographic origin of a gemstone can be determined by examining its gemological and inclusion characteristics. This study systematically characterized the conventional gemology of spinels from Myanmar and Tajikistan and compared the inclusions in the spinels from these two countries by means of gemological microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that most red and pink Myanmarese spinels were octahedral or contact twins, while Tajikistani spinels are slabbed or octahedral distorted crystals. Columnar zircon is frequently found in Tajikistani spinels but rare in Myanmarese spinels, appearing as tiny accessory inclusions. There are three types of carbonate inclusions (magnesite, dolomite, and calcite) in Myanmarese spinels, but Tajikistani spinels have only one (magnesite). In addition, spinels of different origins include special inclusions. Myanmarese spinels contain pyrite inclusions; Tajikistani spinels contain rutile and talc inclusions.
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Ryazantsev, Sergey y Abubakr Rakhmonov. "LABOR FORCE RECRUITMENT TO THE OECD AND MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN: TRENDS, MECHANISMS, CONSEQUENCES". Central Asia and The Caucasus 21, n.º 4 (17 de diciembre de 2020): 096–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.20.4.10.
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The article examines the trends in labor migration from Tajikistan. Although Russia and Kazakhstan remain the main labor migration destinations for Tajiks, emigration from Tajikistan to OECD countries is becoming increasingly more noticeable. New Tajik communities are actively forming in the OECD countries, potentially becoming networks of attraction for new migrants in the near future. The forms of labor migrant recruitment in Tajikistan, including digital technologies, are examined. Despite Tajikistan’s attempts to regulate labor migration more actively on the basis of bilateral agreements with OECD countries, Russia still remains attractive for Tajik labor migrants. So far, Russia’s competitive advantages are the absence of a language barrier, the absence of the need to obtain a visa and work permit, a common mentality, and the prospects for obtaining citizenship. However, the rigidity of migration policy and the drop in wages in Russia are potential negative factors that will contribute to the reversal of some of the labor migrant flows from Tajikistan in favor of the OECD countries. Also, the active participation of intermediaries in migrant employment, as well as the OECD countries’ active policy that aims to attract labor migrants will lead to Russia’s loss of a significant part of Tajikistan’s migration potential. The possibility of reorientation of a part of labor emigrants to OECD countries is becoming feasible due to the widespread study of the English language in Tajikistan and the cutbacks in teaching the Russian language, the active development of private and state labor force recruiting systems.
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Qalandarshoev, Gulsher A. "Foreign trade cooperation between Tajikistan and China: Assessment of the current state and prospects". RUDN Journal of Economics 31, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2023): 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-3-431-447.
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Research deals with the issues of trade cooperation between Tajikistan and China. In order to determine the place of China in the foreign trade turnover of Tajikistan, a general statistical analysis of trade cooperation between two countries is given. Changes in the dynamics and structure of the Tajik-Chinese trade since the first years of trade cooperation are presented and the main reasons for these changes are indicated. Based on the analysis of the export-import operations of two countries over the past few years, the main influencing factors on bilateral trade in goods were identified and the existing shortcomings were indicated. It is noted that, despite the inequality of economic opportunities and potential, China pays special attention to its neighbor and strives to improve trade and economic cooperation. It is shown that China, along with other major powers in the region, has managed to strengthen its position in the developing economy of Tajikistan. The purpose of this research is to analyze trade relations between Tajikistan and China, determine the importance of this cooperation for Tajikistan, identify the influencing factors and existing problems, the solution of which could improve this cooperation in the future. The theoretical basis for this study was the work of Tajik, Russian and other foreign authors on Tajik-Chinese trade cooperation. In conclusion, the ways of increasing Tajikistan’s exports are shown, which in the long term can change the dynamics and structure of Tajikistan’s trade with China and other countries.
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Kozhokin, E. M. "The Struggle for Influence on the Roof of the World". MGIMO Review of International Relations 15, n.º 2 (11 de mayo de 2022): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2022-2-83-141-163.
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The key research task addressed in this article is to identify, using the example of Tajikistan, the main methods of struggle for influence currently used by leading international actors. Tajikistan is considered both as an autonomous actor with significant internal sources of development, and as an object of influence from more powerful states. The article analyses the nature of the actions taken by the United States, China, and Russia to gain political, economic, and cultural influence in this Central Asian republic. These states act as investors and trade partners in Tajikistan, they gain influence in education by promoting the study of English, Chinese and Russian languages. While the Western investments tend to decrease, the United States retains its influence, primarily in the financial sector. It also attracts the most active, young, educated citizens of Tajikistan to US for permanent residence. Of all countries, China has the most consistent and effective investment strategy, which includes the allocation of investment loans to Tajikistan, the creation of infrastructure facilities through these loans by Chinese companies and labor. The gradual establishment of China's dominance in the economic sphere is accompanied by an increase in China's presence in education and culture. Russia is Tajikistan’s main trading partner, the most important security provider, and destination for a critical number of labor migrants. There is a fundamental difference in the approaches of Russia, China, and the United States to Tajikistan: the activities of Russia and China are focused on maintaining and strengthening stability in Tajikistan, the United States, in the context of their campaign of tough confrontation with Russia, is ready to assist in destabilizing the situation in Tajikistan, using Islamists for this purpose.
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Ulubieva, T., Raisa Mikhailova y L. Risling. "TAJIKISTAN". Zemletriaseniia Severnoi Evrazii [Earthquakes in Northern Eurasia], n.º 22 (12 de noviembre de 2019): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/1818-6254.2019.22.10.
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The catalog of Tajikistan earthquakes for 2013 contains 4997 earthquakes with КР=8.6–15.0, of which 3865 are deep-focus Pamir-Hindu Kush earthquakes with h=70–250 km and 1132 – shallow earthquakes scattered throughout the territory. The total seismic energy released in the foci of all earthquakes amounted to Е=1.461015 Joules. Immediately within the borders of the Republic the largest perceptible (КР=12.4, Mw=4.7, I0=6) was the earthquake on November 10 in the Wakhdat region. The largest among deep earth-quakes in 2013 occurred in the Afghan subzone on April 4 with КР=14.0, Mw=5.4, h=250 km. Due to a big depth, it caused shocks of low intensity (I3) in the epicentral zone but was felt in Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan. However, in general, the seismic process in the Republic proceeded in the background regime.
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Ulubieva, T., R. Mikhailova y L. Risling. "TAJIKISTAN". Earthquakes in Northern Eurasia, n.º 23 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/1818-6254.2020.23.09.
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In 2014, a seismic monitoring system, restored with the participation of the Swiss government, continued to operate in Tajikistan. Seven digital stations Trident+Trillium-40 devices, provide registration of events located in Tajikistan and hundreds of kilometers beyond. This network recorded 5306 earthquakes with КР=8.6–14.5, of which 4308 are deep-focus Pamir-Hindu Kush earthquakes with h=70–270 km and 998 are shal-low, scattered throughout the territory. The total seismic energy released in the sources of all earthquakes amounted to Е~6.61014 J. Within the borders of the Republic, the most powerful earthquake (with КР=13.3) was on September 13. The earthquake located in the southern spurs of the RushanRange at the end of the system of dual Karakul-Sarez faults dividing the Pamirs into Western and Eastern parts. It was felt with an intensity of Ii=4–5 in Khorog and Roshtkal, Ii=4in Rushan and on the lake Sarez. Shocks with Ii=4–5 from the November 1 earthquake with KP=12.1 were also felt in Rogun, at the site of Rogun hydropower plant under construction. The maximum deepest earthquake (КР=14.5, Mw=5.4, h=200 km) occurred on June 14 in the Afghan subzone. Due to the great depth, the area of its perceptibility Ii=3 amounted to 220 thousand km2 in Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Kyrgyzstan. However,in general the seismic process in the Republic proceeded in the background.
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Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. "Tajikistan". Current History 93, n.º 582 (1 de abril de 1994): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1994.93.582.173.
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Latypov, Alisher, Vladimir Magkoev, Mutabara Vohidova y Zulfia Nisanbaeva. "Mental health services in Tajikistan". International Psychiatry 4, n.º 3 (julio de 2007): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600001946.
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Tajikistan, in Central Asia, gained its independence in 1991, with the break-up of the Soviet Union. There followed a period of civil war, 1992–97. In 2003, 64% of Tajikistan's population was poor, which was defined as living on less than US$2.15 per day at purchasing power parity by the UN Appeal for Tajikistan (2006). The Tajik healthcare budget appropriations decreased from 4.5% of gross domestic product in 1991 to 1.3% in 2005. The average annual rate of population growth is 2.19%. The estimated 7 320815 population of the country is mainly rural (73.5%) and about 38% of the country's population is under the age of 14. Life expectancy at birth is 62 years for males and 68 years for females. The infant mortality rate is 106.49 deaths per 1000 live births.
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Atkin, Muriel. "Token Constitutionalism and Islamic Opposition in Tajikistan". Journal of Persianate Studies 5, n.º 2 (2012): 244–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18747167-12341245.
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Abstract Tajikistan is a predominantly Muslim country where the concept of having a constitution is not controversial, but the content of that constitution is. Roughly seventy years of Soviet rule over the territory that became independent Tajikistan at the end of 1991 introduced constitutions as a norm, although the rights the constitutions appeared to accord did not jibe with political reality. The years of Soviet rule also created an environment hostile to Islam, as a result of which some of Tajikistan’s inhabitants ceased to be believers, while many who continued to practice their faith knew little about it other than the rituals of everyday life. In the last years of the Soviet era and the two decades after the breakup of the USSR, Islam was caught up in the political as well as religious controversies that developed in Tajikistan during this upheaval. There was an upsurge of attention to Islam, in a religious sense for some, a cultural and nationalist sense for others, and as a bogeyman for yet others. The Islamic Rebirth Party of Tajikistan (IRPT), the only legal Islamic political party in post-Soviet Central Asia, along with the head of the religious establishment in the republic, the qadi, joined with secular groups advocating reforms that would promote political and economic change. The power struggle between neo-Soviet ruling elites and the opposition led to a civil war (1992-97) in which the neo-Soviets prevailed. Tajikistan’s post-Soviet constitution reflects the emphatic secularism of the neo-Soviets, despite the objections of the IRPT. The post-civil-war government has also enacted legislation reestablishing Soviet-style constraints on Islamic institutions and personnel and has used its power to thwart genuinely pluralistic politics. The IRPT as well as secular opposition parties have felt the effects of the rigged elections and harassment by the regime.
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Epkenhans, Tim. "Regulating religion in Post-Soviet Central Asia: Some remarks on Religious Association Law and 'official' Islamic institutions in Tajikistan". Security and Human Rights 20, n.º 1 (2009): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187502309787858183.
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AbstractAlthough Tajikistan is a participating state of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) and has acceded to the United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), religious associations are under increasingly scrutiny limiting the freedom of conscience. Tajikistan's government follows a similar policy as her Central Asian neighbors Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. While a restrictive and contradictory religious association law limits the public space for religious associations, the government successively strengthens 'official' Islamic institutions and therefore directly interferes in internal religious affairs. Considering the diversity of Islamic beliefs in and practices in Central Asia and Tajikistan in particular, this policy could generate further friction among religious communities.
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Maitdinova, Guzel’ M. "TAJIKISTAN COOPERATION IN THE IRANIAN-SPEAKING “AFGHANISTAN–IRAN–TAJIKISTAN” ASSOCIATION". RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian studies. History. Political science. International relations, n.º 1 (2022): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2022-1-96-105.
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The article provides the formation and development analysis of the Iranian cultural and economic alliance “Tajikistan–Afghanistan–Iran”, considers its current condition in the context of geopolitical changes. First of all, the author focuses on research of the nature of joint communication and energy projects of those three states, while trying to assess their interaction potential. The article pays specific attention to the Afghan factor’s influence on the integration processes in the Iranian world. The author, in accordance with the research results, comes to the conclusion that Tajikistan’s relations with the Iranianspeaking states, which are close culturally and geographically, harmoniously fit into the concept of its multi-vector foreign policy. Moreover, the convergence with Iran and Afghanistan arising not only from the civilizational togetherness of the three states, but also by pragmatic considerations: in particular, the fact, that Tajikistan required the transit potential of neighboring states to implement its communication strategy, and the creation of the Afghan-Pakistani, AfghanIranian-South Asian, Caspian-Iranian-South Asian corridors was considered as interesting not only from the economic point of view, but also had a deep humanitarian meaning. The author states that the emergence of an Iranianspeaking geopolitical field in Central Asia made it possible for Tajikistan not just to acquire the additional resource for development, but to make a breakthrough beyond the closed post-Soviet borders into the Islamic world. Moreover, the author emphasizes that such interaction contributes to the restoration of the region geopolitical integrity and the modernization of Central Asian countries, and can lead to the establishment of the new important pole of development in a polycentric world in the future.
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Bulvinskyi, A. "Ideological bases of Foreign Political Positioning of Republic of Tajikistan". Problems of World History, n.º 13 (18 de marzo de 2021): 150–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-13-7.
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In the article there has been made the analyzes of reflection ideological bases of foreign political and governmental positioning of Tajikistan in its’ doctrine documents. The main blocks of our analyzes was historical bases of Tajik statehood; the place and a role of Tajikistan in the world history, the place of the country in the modern world and features of understanding of the world trends of development; the place of water diplomacy in foreign political positioning of Tajikistan.
It was found, that important part of official ideological concept of Tajikistan was the appeal in way of Aryan origin of Tajiks, the heritage of government of the Samanids and the losses of the “original” Tajik’s territories. It was state that during 1990s until 2010s, doctrine understanding of Tajikistan about their place in the evolutionary region in the spot of the mission of historical civilization of Tajik’s nation regarding to other population of the region.
Important elements of the ideology of Tajikistan’s foreign policy positioning in the 1990s were the secular nature of the development of this Muslim state, elected during the 1992-1997 civil war, and the need for international assistance due to the country’s poverty and underdevelopment. In the doctrinal documents of the first half of the 2000s, the provision on poverty was combined with the thesis of the injustice of world development, which is dominated by the West, and the negative impact of globalization, which fuels the confrontation of civilizations. Since the mid-2000s, there has been a doctrinal rethinking of the role and place of Central Asia in the world - from a backward and troubled region to a clash of global interests and an economically important region of the world, dominance of great powers. By proclaiming a multi-vector open door policy in 2002, Tajikistan has doctrinally broadened its horizons of engagement with the world, going beyond the discourse of cooperation only with neighboring Muslim countries and Russia.
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Sharueva, Marina V. "ECONOMIC AND HUMANITARIAN COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TAJIKISTAN IN THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD". RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Eurasian Studies. History. Political Science. International Relations, n.º 4 (2022): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7648-2022-4-96-109.
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The article deals with cooperation between Russia and Tajikistan in the economic and humanitarian spheres during the post-Soviet thirty years. In the section on joint economic projects, the author focuses on cooperation in energy and high-tech industries, as well as Russian investments in the economy of Tajikistan. A special place in the article is given to the analysis of the formation of the Central Eurasian macro-region and the prospects for the participation of Russia and Tajikistan in that process. According to the author, Russian-Tajikistani cooperation in Central Eurasia can not only bring tangible economic benefits to Moscow and Dushanbe, but also effectively promote the integration of Central and South Asian states as a whole. In the author’s view it would be economically feasible to create an extensive network of the transit and communication development corridors, known as “East-West” and “NorthSouth”, on the vast and resource-rich territory of Central Eurasia, which would help solve the communication issue that is very acute for many Eurasian states. Humanitarian cooperation is widely understood by the author as cooperation in the field of science, education and culture, as well as in the field of ensuring security for the human, society and state. In such a context, he examines Russia’s involvement in the resolution of the inter-Tajik conflict in detail and also highlights cooperation between Russia and Tajikistan in the fight against international crime, especially drug trafficking and illegal migration, including within the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States
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Karagiannis, Emmanuel. "The Challenge of Radical Islam in Tajikistan: Hizb ut-Tahrir al-Islami". Nationalities Papers 34, n.º 1 (marzo de 2006): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990500504806.
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Islam is by far the dominant religious faith in Tajikistan. At the end of the seventh century and the beginning of the eighth century Arab armies led by Qutayba Ibn Muslim conquered the region of Sogdiana, which included the northern part of present-day Tajikistan. The Arab invaders converted the local population to Islam and since then the Muslim faith has become an integral part of the Tajik culture. According to Tajikistan's State Committee on Religious Affairs, 97% of the Tajik population is currently Muslim and is served by 3224 mosques, 19 medresses (Muslim theological schools) and an Islamic university. An estimated 30–40% of the rural population and 5–10% of the urban population regularly follow Muslim practices or attend mosques.
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Epkenhans, Tim. "The Islamic Revival Party of Tajikistan: Episodes of Islamic Activism, Postconflict Accommodation, and Political Marginalization". Central Asian Affairs 2, n.º 4 (3 de octubre de 2015): 321–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142290-00204001.
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The parliamentary elections on March 1, 2015, mark a caesura for postconflict Tajikistan. With the exclusion of the Islamic Revival Party of Tajikistan (irpt) from Tajikistan’s parliament, the political elite has finally abandoned the principles of the 1997 General Peace Accord, which had ended the country’s Civil War (1992–1997). Since then, the irpt has distinguished itself as a credible oppositional political party committed to democratic principles with an almost imperceptible religious agenda. By shifting the irpt’s attention to issues of democratization and socioeconomic development, its chairman, Muhiddin Kabirī, opened the irpt to a younger electorate. Continuous defamation campaigns and persecution, however, have worn down the irpt’s activists and its electorate. The party’s electoral defeat did not come as a surprise.
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Auten, Brian. "Tajikistan today". Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 19, n.º 2 (enero de 1996): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10576109608436003.
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Khramova, Marina, Sergey Ryazantsev, Abubakr Rakhmonov y Osim Kasymov. "THE IMPACT OF REMITTANCES FROM ABROAD ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN TAJIKISTAN". Central Asia and The Caucasus 21, n.º 4 (17 de diciembre de 2020): 079–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.20.4.09.
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The relevance of this article is due to the importance of labor migration and remittances from migrant workers for the economy of Tajikistan. The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of remittances on living standards in Tajikistan at both the national and local levels. It is known that labor migration has become a significant socio-economic phenomenon for the country and society, involving a large part of Tajikistan’s population. Using statistical and sociological research methods, the authors show the key trends and the scale of labor emigration from Tajikistan in 1990-2020, as well as the socio-demographic structure of migrant worker flows from Tajikistan to the Russian Federation and other countries, with identification of a new trend towards a reorientation of migration flows to OECD countries. It has been established that migrant remittances have a positive impact on GDP growth, helping to open small businesses, develop entrepreneurship, create new jobs in the private sector, and boost construction. Remittances stimulate additional consumption: migrant workers’ households have more opportunities to meet their basic needs for food, consumer goods and durables, education, etc. The negative impact of remittances is that they actually help to meet only current needs, while the creation of new, high-technology jobs is slow and insufficient, lagging behind population growth. The country thus becomes hostage to external market conditions: the demand for foreign labor and crisis phenomena in the receiving countries.
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Vasilyevich, Ryazantsev Sergey y Rakhmonov Abubakr Khasanovich. "Emigration of Medical Personnel from Tajikistan Abroad: Causes and Consequences". Migration Letters 21, n.º 4 (2 de febrero de 2024): 1755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/ml.v21is68489.
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The article examines the brain drain as a process of emigration of qualified specialists from Tajikistan, the reasons for the outflow of Tajik doctors from Tajikistan, the scale and resettlement of Tajik doctors abroad. As well as the consequences of medical emigration for Tajikistan and the author's recommendation on the preservation and involvement of Tajik doctors in Tajikistan. After gaining independence, the main types of emigration from Tajikistan were labor emigration. But the economic deterioration of Tajikistan is forcing highly qualified citizens of the republic to migrate.
The beginning of the outflow of emigration of highly qualified citizens of Tajikistan is associated with the outbreak of the civil war in the republic, when most of the Russian engineers, doctors, teachers, as well as skilled workers in the industrial sector began to leave the country during the outbreak of the war. During the civil war, Russia and Kazakhstan became the main channels of emigration of highly qualified citizens of Tajikistan.
But in recent years, among the highly qualified citizens of Tajikistan, medical personnel have begun to migrate the most. The main areas of migration of medical personnel from Tajikistan is Russia. Low wages in the country are among the main reasons for the emigration of doctors from Tajikistan.
Although the Government of Tajikistan is interested in the emigration of Tajiks abroad, since half of the country's GDP is made up of migrant remittances, Tajikistan will receive more negative consequences from the emigration of medical personnel than income, since the health of the population of Tajikistan depends on medical personnel.
The purpose of the article is to identify the factors and scale of emigration of medical personnel from Tajikistan, as well as the consequences of emigration of medical personnel on the socio–economic development of Tajikistan.
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Yunusov, Bezhan y Zhao Guiyu. "Cotton Harvests and Economic Growth: A Comprehensive Study of Tajikistan's Industry". South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics 18, n.º 4 (2 de mayo de 2023): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2023/v18i4664.
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The cotton industry has played a significant role in Tajikistan's economic and social development. However, it has also faced various challenges, such as poor infrastructure, limited access to finance and markets, and outdated technology. To promote its sustainable development, this study employs a mixed-methods approach to identify the industry's challenges and opportunities and propose growth strategies. The research findings suggest that the cotton industry in Tajikistan has significant potential for growth, including favorable climate conditions for cotton production and a growing global demand for cotton products. However, inadequate infrastructure, outdated technology, and limited access to finance and markets remain significant challenges. To address these challenges, the study proposes several strategies, including investment in infrastructure, technology modernization, governance improvement, and market access. The study also highlights the importance of ensuring fair wages, providing access to healthcare and education, and addressing issues such as child labor and gender inequality to improve the living standards and working conditions of cotton farmers and workers in the industry. In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities facing the cotton industry in Tajikistan and its impact on the country's economy, environment, and social development. The study's recommendations can inform policymakers, industry stakeholders, and development practitioners in promoting sustainable development in Tajikistan.
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Muminov, A. A., O. D. Nazarova, O. G. Petrova, F. B. Kamolzoda y F. Kh Pulotov. "The current epizootic situation of rabies in Tajikistan". E3S Web of Conferences 282 (2021): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128203019.
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According to the Terrestrial Animal Health Code and the Veterinary Legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, veterinary authorities register, give passport and vaccinate dogs and cats, but not to the full extent, which increases the risk of infection and death of people and animals with the rabies virus. This article presents the results of retrospective analysis of the epizootic and epidemiological situation and the role of carnivores and other animals in the circulation of the rabies virus in natural foci in Tajikistan’s regions close to big cities and areas under protection. Research and monitoring of the manifestation of rabies among carnivorous mammals in 4 regions of the country were carried out and the role in spreading of rabies infection was studied. As a result of study it was found that the most disadvantaged areas with high levels of rabies infection are Khatlon region and Central Tajikistan, and was explored connection between diseases of dogs and farm animals, especially cattle.
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Khadyrov, Ravshan Yunusovich. "Political, Economic Aspects and Prospects of Tajikistan's Integration Policy". Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations, n.º 1 (enero de 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0633.2023.1.39865.
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The article reveals the debatable topic of analyzing the balance of political, economic costs and benefits when choosing a responsible integration decision on Tajikistan's entry into the Eurasian Economic Union. The official positions of the government, expert opinions of supporters, skeptics and opponents of the country's participation in the economic union are considered. The argumentation about the adoption by the leadership of Tajikistan of a responsible political decision ensuring further socio-economic modernization of the country as part of the Eurasian Economic Union is substantiated. On May 29, 2014, the Presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan signed an agreement on the establishment of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), Armenia joined the EAEU on January 2, 2015, and Kyrgyzstan on May 8. It seemed obvious that in the political and economic elites of the Republic of Tajikistan, the understanding of long-term economic and political benefits will prevail, their predominance over short-term risks of reducing customs and tax revenues, and the country will become the next member of this integration union. However, the leadership of the Republic of Tatarstan did not take the initiative to join the EAEU. For 8 years, the possible membership of the Republic of Tajikistan in the EAEU has been actively discussed in the scientific, expert community and the media, but the government structures of the Republic of Tajikistan have actually stopped in the integration movement, justifying this by the need for a deeper consideration of national interests, a detailed calculation of benefits and risks when joining the economic union. Let's agree that the analysis of the balance of political and economic benefits and costs is really necessary for making strategic development decisions.
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Niiazi, Aziz. "Islam in Tajikistan". Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia 36, n.º 2 (octubre de 1997): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/aae1061-1959360239.
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Viktoria Panfilova. "GAZPROM LEAVING TAJIKISTAN". Current Digest of the Post-Soviet Press, The 68, n.º 033 (15 de agosto de 2016): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/dsp.47124512.
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Bulvinskyi, A. "Central Asian and Middle Eastern policy towards Tajikistan". Problems of World History, n.º 14 (10 de junio de 2021): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-14-4.
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The article analyzes the main policy directions towards Tajikistan, neighboring countries of Central Asia and culturally related to the Tajiks of the Middle East towards Tajikistan. The civil war in Tajikistan between supporters of the country’s secular and religious paths of development (1992-1997) caused mixed attitudes and policies on the part of various state, political and religious circles in Afghanistan. However, after it became clear that the struggle between secular and Islamist forces in Tajikistan could destroy the country as such, the culturally and linguistically close to the Tajiks political elite of Afghanistan (B. Rabbani and A. Masood) and Iran (A. Rafsanjani) made significant efforts to end the civil war in Tajikistan as mediators and expressed interest in the sustainable development of Tajikistan. In the 2000s, Iran abandoned attempts to influence Tajik policy in order to promote the establishment of a religious state in Tajikistan, turning to cooperation with the secular Tajik authorities in the economic sphere.
Important issues complicating relations between Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan are the construction by Tajiks of large hydropower plants on mountain rivers, which Uzbekistan considers a threat to national security, and unresolved border disputes, which are a source of constant aggravation in Kyrgyz-Tajik. In general, Tajikistan has complex problems of various kinds with most of its neighbors (with Afghanistan - drug trafficking and Islamic influences, with Uzbekistan - water energy, with Kyrgyzstan - border), which prevent bilateral relations to reach a new level of quality.
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Khadyrov, Ravshan Yunusovich. "Correlation of Transformation and Modernization Processes in the Formation of the Political System of Tajikistan." Международные отношения, n.º 2 (febrero de 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2023.2.39970.
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The problems of socio-political, cultural transformation of traditional society and modernization of the political system of Tajikistan have been in the focus of attention of Tajik and Russian political scientists since the independence of the republic. This article reveals some theoretical aspects and practical results of the post-Soviet transformation of institutions and modernization of the political system. The essential links between the categories "transformation", "modernization", "political transit", revealing the nature of the political and systemic transformations that have taken place in Tajikistan, have been established. It is concluded that the general trend for traditional societies engaged in "catching up modernization" is authoritarian methods of managing the modernization process, which is typical for Tajikistan. The topic of accelerating the modernization of largely traditional Tajik society and its political system is becoming increasingly relevant in the era of global changes in the world order. The contradiction between "tradition" and "modernity" is not only a clash of ideological and political attitudes, it is a question of the survival of power elites and the source of the development of the political system. The analysis of the vectors and completeness of the post-Soviet political-systemic and regime transformation of Tajikistan is relevant and important for assessing the resilience of the state and society to the growing global challenges and regional threats. The purpose of the article is to determine the typology, stages of processes characterizing the institutional, political, and social changes that have occurred over 30 years of independence. The goal is related to the research question: Is the current state of Tajikistan's political system and society the completion of the post–Soviet political transformation, the stage of democratic transit, or the next stage of modernization, institutional modification? We will begin the search for answers by considering the theory and etymological foundations of these categories.
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Ledeneva, Victoria Yu y Abubakr Kh Rakhmonov. "THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL LABOR EMIGRATION ON THE FORMATION OF THE LABOR MARKET IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN". Scientific Review. Series 1. Economics and Law, n.º 2 (2021): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26653/2076-4650-2021-2-10.
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The article examines the factors and scale of labor emigration from Tajikistan to Russia. As well as the impact on the GDP of Tajikistan of remittances from Russia of Tajik labor migrants and their role in the formation of the labor market and the creation of new jobs in the Republic of Tajikistan. Traditionally, the main directions of labor migration for citizens of Tajikistan in recent years have been and remain the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan and some CIS countries. There is no need for citizens of Tajikistan to obtain visas to these countries, since there is an agreement on a visa-free regime between Tajikistan and the CIS countries. The role of Tajik migrants' remittances in the socio-economic development of Tajikistan, including households and individual regions, is very large, and Tajikistan is among the leading countries in the world with a high share of migrant remittances in the gross domestic product. Russia remains the main channel of emigration for Tajiks, and it is from Russia that most of the remittances of Tajik emigrants are sent. The motivating factor for the transfer of funds is the fact that migrants take care of their family, loved ones, those left at home: spouses, children, parents and members of wider family and social circles.
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Rakhmonov, A. Kh. "Emigration from Tajikistan to the Baltic States: trends and prospects of development". Upravlenie 9, n.º 1 (8 de abril de 2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2021-9-1-16-26.
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The article studies the relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the Baltic States after gaining independence from the USSR. The paper considers the Baltic States as a new direction of emigration for citizens of Tajikistan. The author also pays attention to remittances from the Baltic States to the economy of Tajikistan. The purpose of the article is to identify new trends and directions of labor migration from Tajikistan to the Baltic countries. The objectives of the study are to determine the factors influencing the formation of new geographical directions of labor migration from Tajikistan. The main research method was the economic and statistical method, which includes the collection and processing of data on labor migration, as well as an assessment of the contribution of labor migration to the gross domestic product of Tajikistan as a sending country based on the author’s calculation methods. An important research method was conducting interviews with experts, as well as a secondary analysis of sociological surveys and Internet resources with stories of the life and migration of emigrants from Tajikistan to the Baltic countries.
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Sabzalieva, Emma. "Negotiating International Research Collaborations in Tajikistan". Journal of Studies in International Education 24, n.º 1 (25 de noviembre de 2019): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1028315319889345.
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The fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 heralded not only the creation and opening of borders but also the rapid entry of new actors and ideas into this previously isolated part of the world. This is typified by dramatic increases in the number of international research collaborations involving an ever-growing array of actors. Yet instead of pluralizing knowledge creation and ways of knowing, intensifying processes of globalization have given rise to a “global science” system that has not flattened or significantly altered existing knowledge hierarchies, despite greater diversity in international research collaborations. In the former Soviet state of Tajikistan, this is further tempered by resourcing gaps, political controls, and cultural factors, offering a unique setting through which to explore how researchers negotiate international research collaborations. Centering the perspectives of Tajikistani researchers, the article offers new insights into the reframing of globally homogenizing models of international research collaboration.
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Abduhakimova, M. S. "Cooperation between Tajikistan and Russia in the Energy Field (1992-2023)". ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 105, n.º 3 (2024): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/trnio-01-2024-143.
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The article dwells on issues beset with the study of cooperation between Tajikistan and Russia in the energy field referring to the years of independence. It is noted that Russia is considered a strategic partner of the Republic of Tajikistan and has established beneficial cooperation in the field of energy. Hereby, the status and place of cooperation between Tajikistan and Russia in the field of energy is shown and its importance for Tajikistan and the region is determined.
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Akhmedov, Sayfullo, Tatiana Ivanova, Surayyo Abdulloeva, Alexandru Muntean y Vladimír Krepl. "Contribution to the Energy Situation in Tajikistan by Using Residual Apricot Branches after Pruning as an Alternative Fuel". Energies 12, n.º 16 (18 de agosto de 2019): 3169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163169.
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A lack of access to energy in the rural areas of Tajikistan is one of the current problems of the country. Tajikistan’s goal is to reach energy independency, and the main prospects for the country’s energy sector, which relies on energy imports during the long heating periods, are: higher exploitations of hydropower and development of other renewables, mainly biofuels. Tajikistan is a highly agrarian country, where agriculture is the dominant source of income for the majority of the population. Apricot belongs to the primary agricultural commodities; however, the cultivation and management of apricot orchards is associated with the annual accumulation of significant amounts of wood waste (residual branches after pruning), which represent a source of easily available biomass. Thus, the main focus of the present research was to investigate the properties (physical, chemical and mechanical) of densified briquettes and pellets from the residual apricot tree branches through the laboratory measurements by the standard methodologies and to calculate the energy yield and potential of this material for Tajikistan as a similar study has not been conducted yet. The results showed a good quality of apricot-based biofuels characterised by the high calorific value (NCV dry basis of 19.3 MJ kg−1), relatively low ash content (1.7%) and suitable values of the main chemical elements that fulfil the standard requirement on graded wooden biofuels. The total yearly energy yield of residual apricot branches was calculated to be 3245 TJ.
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Rakhmonov, A. Kh. "Refugees as a new emigration channel from Tajikistan to Western and Eastern Europe". UPRAVLENIE / MANAGEMENT (Russia) 10, n.º 2 (28 de junio de 2022): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2022-10-2-88-94.
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The article examines the situation with refugees during the civil war in Tajikistan after the collapse of the USSR. The factors and scale of refugees and features of asylum seekers from Tajikistan are considered. The scale and prospects for the development of the flow of refugees and asylum seekers from Tajikistan to Western and Eastern Europe are investigated. Every year, a huge number of people leave their homes due to armed conflicts, wars, poverty, and persecution on various grounds. One of the reasons for the refugees influx from Tajikistan to other countries is the civil war in the republic. After the collapse of the USSR, a power struggle between nationalists and Islamists began in Tajikistan that led to a civil war. The emergence of the refugees flow from Tajikistan to other countries is related with the civil war in the republic. Another reason is the ban by the Tajik authorities of two major opposition organisations – the Group of 24 and the Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan (IRPT). Among the Tajik political refugees who received asylum in European countries, there are also former migrant workers who worked in Russia. Deportations, decline in earnings after the 2015 currency crisis, and tightening of Russia’s migration policy towards migrants from Tajikistan forced some migrants to reorient themselves in other countries, primarily in European countries, the United States and Canada. There are cases of deliberate destruction of their passports by Tajik migrants when moving to Germany, followed by an appeal to the authorities under the guise of refugees from Afghanistan (since both Tajiks and Afghans speak Farsi (Dari)) to obtain refugee status and corresponding benefits in Germany. Among asylum seekers from Tajikistan in European countries, political asylum is the most popular. The purpose of the article is to identify trends and prospects for the development of asylum as a new emigration channel from Tajikistan to the countries of Western and Eastern Europe.
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SOKOLAN, D. S. y G. A. QALANDARSHOEV. "CHINA’S ROLE IN THE SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF TAJIKISTAN: PROS AND CONS". Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia 235, n.º 3 (2022): 357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2022-235-3-357-367.
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The article presents an analysis of economic relations between Tajikistan and China. These relations are of strategic importance for the economic development of both sides. The expansion of trade, investment, and financial cooperation is a key element of China’s foreign policy in Tajikistan. The development of bilateral cooperation in the above areas is analyzed and the positive and negative aspects of these ties for the development of the economic and social space of Tajikistan are discussed. The purpose of the study — to determine the role of China in the economy of Tajikistan.
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YUE, Qiang. "A Study on the Rule of Law of Tajikistan for the 30 Years after Its Independence". Asia-Pacific Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2022): 009–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53789/j.1653-0465.2022.0201.003.p.
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The year 2021 marks the 30th anniversary of the independence of the Republic of Tajikistan. With the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan and the Taliban regaining control of the Afghan regime, Tajikistan, which borders Afghanistan, has become one of the focuses of the international community. By analyzing the normative legal documents, such as laws, policies, development strategies and development ideas issued by the Republic of Tajikistan in recent years, this paper combs the current situation of social rule of law at different stages, the characteristics of social rule of law in process, predicts its future development of social rule of law, and analyzes and points out a series of problems faced by Tajikistan at present. It provides directions for Chinese enterprises investing in Tajikistan to understand the situation of the country.
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Gulakhmadov, A. A. "Analysis of climate variables in the upper Amu Darya river basin in Tajikistan". Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 8, n.º 1 (25 de marzo de 2022): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9920-2022-08-01-76-85.
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This article presents the results of the trend analysis of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures in the upstream of Amu Darya River Basin in Tajikistan. The result showed that in the south part of Tajikistan the trend of the summer and winter seasons indicate a positive and the temperature rises in summer and winter. In the north and central part of Tajikistan, there is also a positive trend in summer and winter with the exception of the Rasht and Murgab stations, where was recorded a decreasing trend in air temperature in summer. The eastern part of Tajikistan, where the high-altitude territory begins, the temperature trend shows that the summer period of the year becomes slightly cooler, and the winter period shows an increasing temperature trend, i.e. it is getting warmer. On the flat plain areas of Tajikistan, a relative increase in precipitation is observed, and the amount of precipitation in the high-mountain zone (eastern Pamir) decreases according to long-term data. This study shows pronounced climatic fluctuations in Tajikistan, changes in air temperature and precipitation conditions.
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Hierman, Brent. "What use was the election to us? Clientelism and political trust amongst ethnic Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan". Nationalities Papers 38, n.º 2 (marzo de 2010): 245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990903517850.
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This paper posits that a great deal of cross-national variation in clientelistic investment strategies can be explained through an examination of the different forms of risk faced by the political elite of different types of regimes. It also maintains that demand from clients/potential clients is, by itself, insufficient to explain the level or scope of clientelistic investments. The argument is advanced through an examination of the linkages (and non-linkages) between patrons/potential patrons and clients/potential clients amongst the ethnic Uzbek populations of Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. In Kyrgyzstan, a semi-authoritarian state, electoral risk predominates; however, the character of electoral risk in Kyrgyzstan provides Uzbek members of the political elite with an incentive to diversify their clientelistic investments. Consequently, many engage in direct exchanges with their constituents while simultaneously investing in private, cultural organizations that serve party-like functions. Alternatively, in contemporary Tajikistan, best described as an authoritarian state, electoral risk has been replaced with the risk of expulsion from the presidential clientelistic network. As a result, members of the Tajikistani political elite have a disincentive to publicly invest in constituent clients as this investment may increase the risk of expulsion.
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Ibadinov, Khursandkul I. y A. A. Rahmonov. "Astronomical education in Tajikistan. Project TAJASTRO". Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (enero de 2009): 704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131100305x.
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AbstractThe centre of astronomy in Tajikistan is the Institute of Astrophysics of the Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan. This institute carries out scientific research and contributes to the preparation of the astronomical staff and to astronomical education. The reform of education in Tajikistan continues and now astronomy is studied in schools (together with physics) and at universities. The Tajik State Pedagogical University resumed in 2007 the training of teachers in physics and astronomy. Since 1999 the Tajik National University (TNU) offers a a specialty in astronomy. In 2006 is restored the Small Academy of Sciences (SAS) of Tajikistan. There is a planetarium in Khujand and in 2006 the Institute of Astrophysics, TNU and the Astronomical Society of Tajikistan, along with the support IBSP/UNESCO, organised the Training Methodical Center (TMC) “TAJASTRO” at the Hisar astronomical observatory for students, graduate students, young scientists, and teachers at secondary schools.
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TOJIBAEV, KOMILJON SH, NATALYA YU BESHKO, ORZIMAT T. TURGINOV, DMITRY F. LYSKOV, ULIANA A. UKRAINSKAJA y EUGENE V. KLJUYKOV. "An annotated checklist of the endemic Apiaceae of Uzbekistan". Phytotaxa 455, n.º 2 (10 de agosto de 2020): 70–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.455.2.2.
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An annotated checklist of the endemic Apiaceae of Uzbekistan includes synonyms, references, information about geographic range, habitats and conservation status for each species. Distribution maps are provided. The number of endemic Apiaceae species in Uzbekistan was reduced from 38 to 18 as a result of new records in neighboring countries or because of their placement into synonymy. The new combination Galagania involucrata is published. Three new synonyms are established: Galagania neglecta under G. involucrata, Vvedenskya pinnatifolia under Conioselinum tataricum, and Elaeosticta seravschanica under E. paniculata. Five new species are recorded from the neighboring countries: Elaeosticta paniculata (Tajikistan), E. vvedenskyi (Kazakhstan), Eryngium octophyllum (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan), Ferula dshizakensis (Tajikistan) and Komarovia anisosperma (Tajikistan).
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Makhmadullozoda, Nurullo R. y Saidali P. Khaitov. "Some Problems of the Legal Regulation of Activities of Private Labor Migrant Employment Agencies in the Republic of Tajikistan". Migration law 1 (22 de febrero de 2024): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1182-2024-1-22-25.
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The article discusses the legal basis for the regulation of private employment agencies for hiring and employment of migrant workers in the Republic of Tajikistan. The author of the article analyzes international and national norms in the field of labor migration, focusing on regulating the activities of private employment agencies engaged in hiring and employing citizens of the Republic of Tajikistan abroad, as well as hiring and employing citizens of third countries to other countries through the Republic of Tajikistan. The issues of legal regulation of the activities of foreign companies that are engaged in recruiting and employment of citizens abroad on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan were also studied. In conclusion, in order to eliminate gaps and shortcomings in the legal regulation of this issue, the author offers a reasonable proposal to improve the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan regulating licensing of activities related to the employment of migrant workers abroad.
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Komilbek, A. Yo. "State and Prospects for the Development of the Modern System of Public Administration of the Republic of Tajikistan". EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 16, n.º 1 (29 de marzo de 2022): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2022-01-86-92.
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In this study, the public administration system of the Republic of Tajikistan has been analyzed and studied since the period of independence and the creation of a new political system with national characteristics of the 90s of the last century. The processes of formation, development of the public administration system of the period of independence of the Republic of Tajikistan and the management activities of public administration bodies are analyzed and shown. The public administration system in the Republic of Tajikistan is in a state of transition and a number of important activities have been completed at this stage. First of all, the construction of a new political system of society and its gradual improvement and development are one of the important research issues.Aim. The main purpose of the study is to determine the role of the «National Development Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period up to 2030» in strengthening the public administration system of the Republic of Tajikistan.Tasks. Highlight the results and strategies in the development of the public administration system of the period of independence of the Republic of Tajikistan and the management activities of public administration bodies.Methods. With the help of logical and comparative methods, determine the results of the reform and political transformation of the public administration system in the Republic of Tajikistan.Results. This important document shows the prospects for sustainable development of Tajikistan as a whole. The new strategy covers all spheres of public life, reforms in the field of public administration are one of its main points. Measures in the direction of the public administration system are taking into account the real life of the country and the requirements of the time, their implementation is aimed at a new level and quality of life for citizens in the country. The development of all sectors, including the economy, social and culture, largely depends on an effective system of public administration.Conclusions. In this regard, its reform is timely and makes it possible to turn the Republic of Tajikistan from an agro-industrial country into an industrial-agrarian one. characteristics of the 90s of the last century. The processes of formation, development of the public administration system of the period of independence of the Republic of Tajikistan and the management activities of public administration bodies are analyzed and shown. The public administration system in the Republic of Tajikistan is in a state of transition and a number of important activities have been completed at this stage. First of all, the construction of a new political system of society and its gradual improvement and development are one of the important research issues. Aim. The main purpose of the study is to determine the role of the «National Development Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period up to 2030» in strengthening the public administration system of the Republic of Tajikistan. Tasks. Highlight the results and strategies in the development of the public administration system of the period of independence of the Republic of Tajikistan and the management activities of public administration bodies. Methods. With the help of logical and comparative methods, determine the results of the reform and political transformation of the public administration system in the Republic of Tajikistan. Results. This important document shows the prospects for sustainable development of Tajikistan as a whole. The new strategy covers all spheres of public life, reforms in the field of public administration are one of its main points. Measures in the direction of the public administration system are taking into account the real life of the country and the requirements of the time, their implementation is aimed at a new level and quality of life for citizens in the country. The development of all sectors, including the economy, social and culture, largely depends on an effective system of public administration. Conclusions. In this regard, its reform is timely and makes it possible to turn the Republic of Tajikistan from an agro-industrial country into an industrial-agrarian one.
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Kataeva, Zumrad. "Tajikistan: University Challenges and the Professoriate". International Higher Education, n.º 89 (15 de abril de 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2017.89.9764.
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Tajikistan's higher education sector has experienced significant challenges after the breakup of the Soviet Union followed by the civil war of 1992-1997. The situation and status of the professoriate throughout the Post-Soviet space has deteriorated, as salaries and professional development opportunities have spiraled downward. Liberalization of the economy and the promise of higher education access have led to a rise in the demand for higher education. Higher education institutions have had to hire lesser-prepared faculty as those more seasoned or talented among the professoriate left for the private sector or migrated abroad. Today, the compensation of faculty members in Tajikistan is not enough to cover living costs, forcing them to use a variety of strategies to survive. They work as translators, consultants, or private tutors. The Tajik higher education system needs to work on establishing policies and opportunities to better support the profession, especially if institutions of higher education are eager to compete in the growing global educational marketplace.
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Kataeva, Zumrad. "Tajikistan: University Challenges and the Professoriate". International Higher Education, n.º 89 (15 de abril de 2017): 11–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2017.89.9836.
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Tajikistan's higher education sector has experienced significant challenges after the breakup of the Soviet Union followed by the civil war of 1992-1997. The situation and status of the professoriate throughout the Post-Soviet space has deteriorated, as salaries and professional development opportunities have spiraled downward. Liberalization of the economy and the promise of higher education access have led to a rise in the demand for higher education. Higher education institutions have had to hire lesser-prepared faculty as those more seasoned or talented among the professoriate left for the private sector or migrated abroad. Today, the compensation of faculty members in Tajikistan is not enough to cover living costs, forcing them to use a variety of strategies to survive. They work as translators, consultants, or private tutors. The Tajik higher education system needs to work on establishing policies and opportunities to better support the profession, especially if institutions of higher education are eager to compete in the growing global educational marketplace.
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International Monetary Fund. "Tajikistan: Recent Economic Developments". IMF Staff Country Reports 96, n.º 55 (1996): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451836936.002.
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International Monetary Fund. "Tajikistan: Recent Economic Developments". IMF Staff Country Reports 98, n.º 16 (1998): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451836943.002.
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International Monetary Fund. "Tajikistan: Recent Economic Developments". IMF Staff Country Reports 00, n.º 27 (2000): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451836950.002.
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Garibova, Farzona. "Gender equality in Tajikistan". Woman in russian society, n.º 1S (21 de septiembre de 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21064/winrs.2022.0.2.
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