Bibliografías temáticas / Tajikistan

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Tajikistan"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 29 de julio de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Tajikistan"

1

Rakhmonov, A. Kh. "New sanctions of the European Union and United States against Russia and their impact on Tajikistan’s socio-economic development". UPRAVLENIE / MANAGEMENT (Russia) 10, n.º 4 (24 de enero de 2023): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2022-10-4-121-131.

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The article examines the socio-economic relationship between Tajikistan and Russia, the new European Union and USA sanctions against Russia and their impact on the economy and well-being of Tajikistan, and the role of Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) in Russian and Tajik banks, including the disconnection of SWIFT from Russian banks and its impact on remittances of migrant workers in Tajikistan. Attention is paid to Tajikistan’s crisis management policy. After gaining independence, Tajikistan’s economy suffered greatly from the civil war in the republic. Russia is one of the main donors to Tajikistan’s economy. There are countries that are more connected to Russia than Tajikistan, but it is difficult to find a country that could compete with Tajikistan in terms of dependence on Russia. Almost all sectors of Tajikistan’s economy depend on Russia: Tajikistan is a donor country for migrant workers, and remittances from migrant workers play an important role in Tajikistan’s economy. Only, at the expense of money transfers of Tajik labor migrants, the banking sector of Tajikistan is supported. Over the years of independence, Tajikistan has not taken its economy out of the influence of Russia. The dependence of the Tajik economy on Russia manifested itself in the very first days of the conflict actions on the territory of Ukraine in February 2022. After the statement of Western countries on the introduction of new sanctions to restrict the access of some Russian banks to the SWIFT, the problems of the financial intermediation market of Tajikistan were exposed. An unprecedented package of sanctions by Western countries due to the situation with Ukraine has already led to a number of problems inside Tajikistan. European Union and USA sanctions against Russia have also had a strong impact on all sectors of Tajikistan’s economy, from food prices to the banking sector. The aim of the article is to assess the role of the new European Union and USA sanctions against Russia in connection with the conflict in Ukraine and their impact on the economy and welfare of Tajikistan.
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Alaei, Arash, Daniel J. Bromberg, Mary M. Tate, Saifuddin Karimov, Dilshod Saidi y Kamiar Alaei. "HIV and associated factors among female sex workers in Tajikistan: Analysis from a national bio-behavioral survey". International Journal of STD & AIDS 32, n.º 8 (26 de marzo de 2021): 678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462420984696.

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Tajikistan, a country of approximately nine million people, has a relatively small but quickly growing HIV epidemic. No peer-reviewed study has assessed factors associated with HIV, or associated risk factors, among female sex workers (FSWs) in Tajikistan. The purpose of the current study is to elucidate the factors associated with HIV status and risk factors in the Tajikistani context and add to the scant literature on risk factors among FSWs in Tajikistan and Central Asia. We used cross-sectional data from an HIV bio-behavioral survey (BBS) conducted among FSWs in the Republic of Tajikistan ( n = 2174) in 2017. Using Respondent Driven Sampling Analysis Tool software, we calculated the prevalence of HIV, diagnosed cases, linkage to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the prevalence of syphilis for FSWs in Tajikistan. Prevalence data were adjusted for network size and any clustering effects in the network. Further, using univariate and multivariable logistic regression, we determined correlates of HIV-positive status. Results were as follows: Of all FSWs in Tajikistan, 2.6% (95% CI: 1.7–3.8%) are HIV positive, 2.3% (95% CI: 1.4–3.5%) are diagnosed and aware of their status, and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.2–3.1%) are on ART. About 5.7% (95% CI: 4.5–7.4%) of FSWs in Tajikistan have ever had syphilis, and 0.8% (95% CI: 0.4–1.3%) have active syphilis infections. The epidemic of injection drug use was found to be strongly synergistic with HIV infection as having had sex with a person who injects drugs was shown to be strongly associated with HIV-positive status (OR: 5.2; 95% CI: 2.6–10.2) in the multivariable model. While this study estimates that HIV prevalence among Tajikistani FSWs is relatively low, it is likely an underestimated due to selection and social desirability biases. To curb the small, but potentially volatile, HIV epidemic among FSWs, the government should consider targeted testing and linkage-to-care efforts for FSWs who inject drugs or who have people who inject drugs partners. Services should also be prioritized in Gorno-Badakhshan, which has a higher number of FSWs per capita relative to other regions. Additionally, the link between HIV and experiences of stigma, violence, and discrimination against FSWs should motivate advocates to protect Tajikistani FSWs from these experiences.
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Liwei, Zhang y Yang Bo. "Tajikistan’s integration into the Eurasian Economic Union: factual characteristics and an in-depth assessment". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2022, n.º 11-2 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202211statyi59.

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This article analyses the prerequisites and the process of Eurasian economic integration and the state of the Eurasian Economic Union development, demonstrates the proximity of Tajikistan and the Union's member states in terms of trade and economic relations, and objectively describes trade and economic relations between the Republic of Tajikistan and the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. Based on social development, economic structure, investment needs, legal frameworks, Tajikistan's diplomatic strategy and the development effectiveness of the Eurasian Economic Union, the motivation and obstacles to Tajikistan's accession to the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as the consequences of joining the Union for Tajikistan itself and the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union are assessed and examined in depth.
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4

Zhang, Yi, Jing-Ran Zhu y Xiao-Yan Yu. "A Comparative Study of the Gemological Characteristics and Inclusions in Spinels from Myanmar and Tajikistan". Crystals 12, n.º 5 (27 de abril de 2022): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050617.

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Currently, most of the popular spinels in the jewellery market come from Myanmar and Tajikistan. It is well known that provenance is one of the main factors affecting the value of a gemstone, and the geographic origin of a gemstone can be determined by examining its gemological and inclusion characteristics. This study systematically characterized the conventional gemology of spinels from Myanmar and Tajikistan and compared the inclusions in the spinels from these two countries by means of gemological microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that most red and pink Myanmarese spinels were octahedral or contact twins, while Tajikistani spinels are slabbed or octahedral distorted crystals. Columnar zircon is frequently found in Tajikistani spinels but rare in Myanmarese spinels, appearing as tiny accessory inclusions. There are three types of carbonate inclusions (magnesite, dolomite, and calcite) in Myanmarese spinels, but Tajikistani spinels have only one (magnesite). In addition, spinels of different origins include special inclusions. Myanmarese spinels contain pyrite inclusions; Tajikistani spinels contain rutile and talc inclusions.
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Ryazantsev, Sergey y Abubakr Rakhmonov. "LABOR FORCE RECRUITMENT TO THE OECD AND MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN: TRENDS, MECHANISMS, CONSEQUENCES". Central Asia and The Caucasus 21, n.º 4 (17 de diciembre de 2020): 096–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.37178/ca-c.20.4.10.

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The article examines the trends in labor migration from Tajikistan. Although Russia and Kazakhstan remain the main labor migration destinations for Tajiks, emigration from Tajikistan to OECD countries is becoming increasingly more noticeable. New Tajik communities are actively forming in the OECD countries, potentially becoming networks of attraction for new migrants in the near future. The forms of labor migrant recruitment in Tajikistan, including digital technologies, are examined. Despite Tajikistan’s attempts to regulate labor migration more actively on the basis of bilateral agreements with OECD countries, Russia still remains attractive for Tajik labor migrants. So far, Russia’s competitive advantages are the absence of a language barrier, the absence of the need to obtain a visa and work permit, a common mentality, and the prospects for obtaining citizenship. However, the rigidity of migration policy and the drop in wages in Russia are potential negative factors that will contribute to the reversal of some of the labor migrant flows from Tajikistan in favor of the OECD countries. Also, the active participation of intermediaries in migrant employment, as well as the OECD countries’ active policy that aims to attract labor migrants will lead to Russia’s loss of a significant part of Tajikistan’s migration potential. The possibility of reorientation of a part of labor emigrants to OECD countries is becoming feasible due to the widespread study of the English language in Tajikistan and the cutbacks in teaching the Russian language, the active development of private and state labor force recruiting systems.
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6

Qalandarshoev, Gulsher A. "Foreign trade cooperation between Tajikistan and China: Assessment of the current state and prospects". RUDN Journal of Economics 31, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2023): 431–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-3-431-447.

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Research deals with the issues of trade cooperation between Tajikistan and China. In order to determine the place of China in the foreign trade turnover of Tajikistan, a general statistical analysis of trade cooperation between two countries is given. Changes in the dynamics and structure of the Tajik-Chinese trade since the first years of trade cooperation are presented and the main reasons for these changes are indicated. Based on the analysis of the export-import operations of two countries over the past few years, the main influencing factors on bilateral trade in goods were identified and the existing shortcomings were indicated. It is noted that, despite the inequality of economic opportunities and potential, China pays special attention to its neighbor and strives to improve trade and economic cooperation. It is shown that China, along with other major powers in the region, has managed to strengthen its position in the developing economy of Tajikistan. The purpose of this research is to analyze trade relations between Tajikistan and China, determine the importance of this cooperation for Tajikistan, identify the influencing factors and existing problems, the solution of which could improve this cooperation in the future. The theoretical basis for this study was the work of Tajik, Russian and other foreign authors on Tajik-Chinese trade cooperation. In conclusion, the ways of increasing Tajikistan’s exports are shown, which in the long term can change the dynamics and structure of Tajikistan’s trade with China and other countries.
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Kozhokin, E. M. "The Struggle for Influence on the Roof of the World". MGIMO Review of International Relations 15, n.º 2 (11 de mayo de 2022): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2022-2-83-141-163.

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The key research task addressed in this article is to identify, using the example of Tajikistan, the main methods of struggle for influence currently used by leading international actors. Tajikistan is considered both as an autonomous actor with significant internal sources of development, and as an object of influence from more powerful states. The article analyses the nature of the actions taken by the United States, China, and Russia to gain political, economic, and cultural influence in this Central Asian republic. These states act as investors and trade partners in Tajikistan, they gain influence in education by promoting the study of English, Chinese and Russian languages. While the Western investments tend to decrease, the United States retains its influence, primarily in the financial sector. It also attracts the most active, young, educated citizens of Tajikistan to US for permanent residence. Of all countries, China has the most consistent and effective investment strategy, which includes the allocation of investment loans to Tajikistan, the creation of infrastructure facilities through these loans by Chinese companies and labor. The gradual establishment of China's dominance in the economic sphere is accompanied by an increase in China's presence in education and culture. Russia is Tajikistan’s main trading partner, the most important security provider, and destination for a critical number of labor migrants. There is a fundamental difference in the approaches of Russia, China, and the United States to Tajikistan: the activities of Russia and China are focused on maintaining and strengthening stability in Tajikistan, the United States, in the context of their campaign of tough confrontation with Russia, is ready to assist in destabilizing the situation in Tajikistan, using Islamists for this purpose.
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Ulubieva, T., Raisa Mikhailova y L. Risling. "TAJIKISTAN". Zemletriaseniia Severnoi Evrazii [Earthquakes in Northern Eurasia], n.º 22 (12 de noviembre de 2019): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/1818-6254.2019.22.10.

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The catalog of Tajikistan earthquakes for 2013 contains 4997 earthquakes with КР=8.6–15.0, of which 3865 are deep-focus Pamir-Hindu Kush earthquakes with h=70–250 km and 1132 – shallow earthquakes scattered throughout the territory. The total seismic energy released in the foci of all earthquakes amounted to Е=1.461015 Joules. Immediately within the borders of the Republic the largest perceptible (КР=12.4, Mw=4.7, I0=6) was the earthquake on November 10 in the Wakhdat region. The largest among deep earth-quakes in 2013 occurred in the Afghan subzone on April 4 with КР=14.0, Mw=5.4, h=250 km. Due to a big depth, it caused shocks of low intensity (I3) in the epicentral zone but was felt in Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan. However, in general, the seismic process in the Republic proceeded in the background regime.
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Ulubieva, T., R. Mikhailova y L. Risling. "TAJIKISTAN". Earthquakes in Northern Eurasia, n.º 23 (15 de diciembre de 2020): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/1818-6254.2020.23.09.

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In 2014, a seismic monitoring system, restored with the participation of the Swiss government, continued to operate in Tajikistan. Seven digital stations Trident+Trillium-40 devices, provide registration of events located in Tajikistan and hundreds of kilometers beyond. This network recorded 5306 earthquakes with КР=8.6–14.5, of which 4308 are deep-focus Pamir-Hindu Kush earthquakes with h=70–270 km and 998 are shal-low, scattered throughout the territory. The total seismic energy released in the sources of all earthquakes amounted to Е~6.61014 J. Within the borders of the Republic, the most powerful earthquake (with КР=13.3) was on September 13. The earthquake located in the southern spurs of the RushanRange at the end of the system of dual Karakul-Sarez faults dividing the Pamirs into Western and Eastern parts. It was felt with an intensity of Ii=4–5 in Khorog and Roshtkal, Ii=4in Rushan and on the lake Sarez. Shocks with Ii=4–5 from the November 1 earthquake with KP=12.1 were also felt in Rogun, at the site of Rogun hydropower plant under construction. The maximum deepest earthquake (КР=14.5, Mw=5.4, h=200 km) occurred on June 14 in the Afghan subzone. Due to the great depth, the area of its perceptibility Ii=3 amounted to 220 thousand km2 in Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Kyrgyzstan. However,in general the seismic process in the Republic proceeded in the background.
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Tadjbakhsh, Shahrbanou. "Tajikistan". Current History 93, n.º 582 (1 de abril de 1994): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.1994.93.582.173.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Tajikistan"

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Rahmonova, Tojiniso. "Literacy in Tajikistan /". [Chico, Calif. : California State University, Chico], 2009. http://csuchico-dspace.calstate.edu/xmlui/handle/10211.4/180.

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Sharafdzhon, Boboev. "Problems of water management in Tajikistan". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8084.

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Jonbekova, Dilrabo. "Skills mismatches among university graduates in post-Soviet Tajikstan : challenges for higher education and the labour market". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708999.

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Thapa, Madhurim. "Community Perspectives on Girls' Dropout in Tajikistan". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26631.

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Girl's dropout from school is problematic towards the overall wellbeing of those who drop out and to the society as whole. The goal of this study is to uncover some of the underlying factors that hinder girls from attending school in Tajikistan. For reference I used secondary data collected by UNICEF which was conducted to analyze the demand side of the drop out girls in Tajikistan. There were thirteen focus group discussions and seven individual interviews were conducted with the participants. The results from the analysis indicated that political and institutional factors, culture, poverty and school factors are the key elements for girls to drop out from school. Further, the intersections of these factors create discriminatory situation for girls to participate in schools. The result also identified the differences in perspective of participants on the importance of school for girls.
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Thibault, Hélène. "Religious Revival in Tajikistan: The Soviet Legacy Revisited". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31787.

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This dissertation proposes a political reading of the religious revival taking place in Tajikistan following the country’s independence in 1991. It considers the impact of the Soviet legacy on the place of religion in Tajik society and on different modes of religiosity. It also highlights the continuities between the Soviet and post-Soviet eras and the porous boundaries between the religious and secular realms in Tajikistan. First, the thesis describes the specificities of the Soviet secularization process and emphasizes the holistic character of the Soviet ideology. I suggest that the secularization of Central Asia should be understood not as the complete eradication of religion but as the societies’ accommodation to assertive secular policies, which produced a certain understanding of the place of religion in society. The research then looks at the resilience of Soviet values within both institutional and discursive traditions, as well as within individuals’ perspectives on religion. This dissertation avoids reifying the state and accounts for the great diversity of state actors’ strategies and interests as well as within communities. Finally, drawing upon extensive ethnographic fieldwork in Northern Tajikistan, the research depicts the religious revival from a local perspective by addressing the religious experiences of born-again Muslims. I suggest that Islamic values offset the Soviet holistic ideology, which can be explained by the affinities of religious and Soviet moral codes. The research also shows that increasing levels of religiosity contribute to social tensions around the definition of new moral standards in an uncertain socio-economic environment.
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Bakhtibekova, Zulfiya. "Early girls' marriage in Tajikistan : causes and continuity". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17438.

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Although there is little official data, early girls’ marriage before the age of 18 appears to have increased in Tajikistan over recent years, due to the limited socio-economic opportunities. This study aimed to explore the main causes behind the fall in the age of marriage for girls. As Tajikistan is based on patriarchal values, where family is the core of decision-making, the study looks into the family dynamics and interrelationships to analyse the driving forces behind the decision to arrange marriage for the girls at an earlier age. Using triangulated methods of qualitative data collection, such as interviews, focus group discussions and case studies, the study was conducted in urban, semi rural/semi urban and rural areas of Tajikistan. The findings confirm that early marriage exists in Tajikistan. Although marriage has always been important for Tajiks, recently early age of marriage has been more prioritized. The young girls today leave school when they reach puberty, limit their socialization with their friends outside of the house and rigorously learn skills that qualify them as a ‘desirable’ kelin [bride] to increase their chances of getting a marriage proposal within what is a short marriage window. At the same time, the study argues that the family decision to pursue an early age of marriage for daughters is not because of the low status of the women as it has been suggested in some earlier research. Instead, the study argues that marriage is a strategy to provide girls with what is often the only opportunity of an economically and socially secure future in the country under the current socio-economic and political context. Relations within the families are more complicated than dominant-subordinate as previously portrayed but are based on respect, love and responsibility towards each other. This ‘connectivity’ assists in shaping the girls as potent Tajik women ready for their future roles of mothers and wives. The young girls, as this study suggests, are usually not completely powerless either, as they exercise the limited agency provided by the patriarchal system and actively engage in negotiating their interests. Thus, the study aimed to (1) draw attention to the issue of early marriage among girls in Tajikistan and (2) to contribute to the scholarly discussion on early marriage and on gender and family dynamics in Tajikistan. Based on the findings, it is recommended that more research needs to be conducted to discuss the phenomenon of early girls’ marriage in Tajikistan. Further, legal, political and social changes are necessary to provide a safety net for women married at an early age but divorced or abandoned later. Although bringing changes to the marriage values might be a challenging task, it is hoped that this research and others similar to this one will demonstrate the importance of the issue and will result in appropriate attention and an effective policy response.
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Spinetti, Federico. "Music, politics and identity in post-Soviet Tajikistan". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428033.

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Clifford, David Michael. "Marriage and fertility change in post-Soviet Tajikistan". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/72368/.

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This thesis, structured into four separate but related papers, uses survey birth history data to examine marital and fertility change in post-Soviet Central Asia, with a particular focus on Tajikistan. The first paper, ‘Through civil war, food scarcity and drought: fertility and nuptiality during periods of crisis in post-Soviet Tajikistan’, presents recent trends in marriage and fertility rates in Tajikistan since 1989. The fluctuating pattern of change illustrates the importance of three specific crises: the period of peak fighting in the civil war in 1992, which led to a decrease in birth registration but may also have contributed to a real decline in fertility in the worst affected areas in 1993; a food crisis in 1995, leading to immediate and significant declines in marriage and fertility; and a drought in 2000-01, which also led to marriage and fertility declines. Given the significant changes in nuptiality in Tajikistan, the next stage of the thesis places these changes within a wider Central Asian context. The second paper, ‘Marrying more and earlier: age-period interaction in trends of first union formation in transitional Central Asia’, documents the significant increase in rates of first union formation in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the late 1980s and early 1990s, showing that this increase was most marked at younger ages. The third paper, ‘Tajikistan shows the biggest collapse of all: comparing declines in union formation in post-Soviet Central Asia’, examines rates of first union formation in these countries in the post-Soviet period. It finds a significant decline in union formation across the region, but also clear differences between the republics in terms of the extent of the decline. Tajikistan, which experienced the most severe post- Soviet declines in food security, had the highest rate of union formation in the late- Soviet period but the lowest rate by the turn of the millennium. The fourth paper, ‘Spousal separation, selectivity and contextual effects: exploring the relationship between international labour migration and fertility in post-Soviet Tajikistan’ contributes to the sparse literature on the impact of temporary migration on fertility in origin areas. Fertility and migration models are solved simultaneously to account for cross-process correlation. There is clear evidence for a short-term disruptive effect of spousal separation, but it is too early to assess the implications for completed fertility.
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AMATO, STEFANIA. "L'AIUTO PUBBLICO ALLO SVILUPPO IN TAJIKISTAN 1992 - 2012". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1872.

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Il coordinamento dell’aiuto pubblico allo sviluppo, evocato negli ultimi anni da più parti come la soluzione alla deludente efficacia degli aiuti è in realtà un argomento che nasce quasi contemporaneamente alle prime organizzazioni internazionali dedicate allo sviluppo . La funzione ambivalente delle Nazioni Unite, agente di mediazione diplomatica da un lato (mediazione tra stati e tra gruppi di potere all’interno dello stesso stato), e agente di sviluppo dall’altro, garantisce all’organizzazione un ruolo preminente nel coordinamento degli aiuti nei contesti di guerra e di post-conflitto. E’ questa stessa ambivalenza che impone all’organizzazione un rapporto ufficiale con i territori sottosviluppati, incardinato nella relazione con i governi centrali degli stati. La critica radicale all’aiuto pubblico allo sviluppo individua tutte le distorsioni politiche ed economiche legate all’afflusso dei fondi, sottolineandone le aggravanti possibili laddove esista una discrasia tra gli obiettivi di sviluppo delle Nazioni Unite e quelli dell’élite che occupa le posizioni apicali dello stato. Questa ricerca attraverso un’analisi storica del contesto, mette in luce l’interazione tra il sistema degli aiuti e il sistema-paese in Tajikistan dall’ingresso delle organizzazioni ai giorni nostri. L’analisi dimostra infine che la struttura politico-economica radicata sul territorio, pur conservando i tratti di uno “stato predatorio” (tratti non alleviati bensì aggravati dalle distorsioni legate all’afflusso dei fondi per lo sviluppo), sfugge in realtà alla definizione stessa di “Stato”. Questo dato rivela una debolezza insita nell’approccio metodologico del sistema degli aiuti che si fonda proprio sull’archetipo dello “Stato”.
The Official Development Assistance (ODA) coordination has been recently launched as a genuine mean to increase aid effectiveness. Actually, the “aid coordination” paradigm was born almost contemporaneously to the first international organizations dedicated to “development”. The ambivalent function of the United Nation that acts both as an agent of diplomatic mediation (among states and among different lobbies within the borders of the same state), and as a development agent, guarantees to United Nations a preeminent role in the field of aid coordination in conflict and post-conflict contexts. It’s this real ambivalence that compels the United Nations to deal with development countries through official relations with the central governments. The radical critique to development aid shows different political and economic distortions related to the incidence of foreign funds. At the same time, it underlines that wherever the goals of the official governments diverge from the development goals of the aid community these distortions might be even more burdensome for the country. This research, through an historical analysis, draws attention on the interaction among the development industry and the country-system in Tajikistan from the arrival of the international organizations to our days. The analysis demonstrates that the political and economic structure of the country, while maintaining the features of a “predatory state” (features which are not alleviated but worsened by the distortions brought about by the aid industry), simply do not comply with the definition of a “State”. This result highlights an innate weakness of the aid industry methodological approach that is in fact, fully based on the political archetype of the “State”.
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AMATO, STEFANIA. "L'AIUTO PUBBLICO ALLO SVILUPPO IN TAJIKISTAN 1992 - 2012". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1872.

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Il coordinamento dell’aiuto pubblico allo sviluppo, evocato negli ultimi anni da più parti come la soluzione alla deludente efficacia degli aiuti è in realtà un argomento che nasce quasi contemporaneamente alle prime organizzazioni internazionali dedicate allo sviluppo . La funzione ambivalente delle Nazioni Unite, agente di mediazione diplomatica da un lato (mediazione tra stati e tra gruppi di potere all’interno dello stesso stato), e agente di sviluppo dall’altro, garantisce all’organizzazione un ruolo preminente nel coordinamento degli aiuti nei contesti di guerra e di post-conflitto. E’ questa stessa ambivalenza che impone all’organizzazione un rapporto ufficiale con i territori sottosviluppati, incardinato nella relazione con i governi centrali degli stati. La critica radicale all’aiuto pubblico allo sviluppo individua tutte le distorsioni politiche ed economiche legate all’afflusso dei fondi, sottolineandone le aggravanti possibili laddove esista una discrasia tra gli obiettivi di sviluppo delle Nazioni Unite e quelli dell’élite che occupa le posizioni apicali dello stato. Questa ricerca attraverso un’analisi storica del contesto, mette in luce l’interazione tra il sistema degli aiuti e il sistema-paese in Tajikistan dall’ingresso delle organizzazioni ai giorni nostri. L’analisi dimostra infine che la struttura politico-economica radicata sul territorio, pur conservando i tratti di uno “stato predatorio” (tratti non alleviati bensì aggravati dalle distorsioni legate all’afflusso dei fondi per lo sviluppo), sfugge in realtà alla definizione stessa di “Stato”. Questo dato rivela una debolezza insita nell’approccio metodologico del sistema degli aiuti che si fonda proprio sull’archetipo dello “Stato”.
The Official Development Assistance (ODA) coordination has been recently launched as a genuine mean to increase aid effectiveness. Actually, the “aid coordination” paradigm was born almost contemporaneously to the first international organizations dedicated to “development”. The ambivalent function of the United Nation that acts both as an agent of diplomatic mediation (among states and among different lobbies within the borders of the same state), and as a development agent, guarantees to United Nations a preeminent role in the field of aid coordination in conflict and post-conflict contexts. It’s this real ambivalence that compels the United Nations to deal with development countries through official relations with the central governments. The radical critique to development aid shows different political and economic distortions related to the incidence of foreign funds. At the same time, it underlines that wherever the goals of the official governments diverge from the development goals of the aid community these distortions might be even more burdensome for the country. This research, through an historical analysis, draws attention on the interaction among the development industry and the country-system in Tajikistan from the arrival of the international organizations to our days. The analysis demonstrates that the political and economic structure of the country, while maintaining the features of a “predatory state” (features which are not alleviated but worsened by the distortions brought about by the aid industry), simply do not comply with the definition of a “State”. This result highlights an innate weakness of the aid industry methodological approach that is in fact, fully based on the political archetype of the “State”.
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Libros sobre el tema "Tajikistan"

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Lerner Publications Company. Geography Dept., ed. Tajikistan. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications Co., 1993.

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Mukhabbatov, Kh M. Tajikistan. Paris: Rudaki Association, 1999.

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Gerhard, Hans, International Monetary Fund staff member., Odling-Smee J. C y International Monetary Fund, eds. Tajikistan. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1992.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. Tajikistan. Paris, France: OECD, 2005.

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O'Dea, Colleen. Tajikistan. Philadelphia: Mason Crest Publishers, 2006.

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John, Odling-Smee y International Monetary Fund, eds. Tajikistan. Washington, D.C: IMF, 1992.

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C, Odling-Smee J., Keller Peter 1946- y International Monetary Fund, eds. Tajikistan. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund, 1994.

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Reza, Ghasimi y World Bank, eds. Tajikistan. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1994.

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J, Sharifov y Isoev Amir, eds. Tojikiston =: Tadzhikistan = Tajikistan. Dushanbe: Irfon, 2006.

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Fund, International Monetary. Economic review: Tajikistan. Washington, D.C: IMF, 1992.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Tajikistan"

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Taylor, Ann C. M. "Tajikistan". En International Handbook of Universities, 865. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12912-6_146.

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Turner, Barry. "Tajikistan". En The Stateman’s Yearbook, 1199–202. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74024-6_279.

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Turner, Barry. "Tajikistan". En The Statesman’s Yearbook, 1205–8. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74027-7_279.

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Edmunds, Gary. "Tajikistan". En Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health, 1407–9. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_750.

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Heck, André. "Tajikistan". En StarGuides 2001, 560. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4349-3_90.

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Turner, Barry. "Tajikistan". En The Statesman’s Yearbook, 1191–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67278-3_333.

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Heath-Brown, Nick. "Tajikistan". En The Stateman’s Yearbook, 1168–71. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-57823-8_335.

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Turner, Barry. "Tajikistan". En The Statesman’s Yearbook 2010, 1204–7. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58632-5_279.

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Turner, Barry. "Tajikistan". En The Statesman’s Yearbook, 1206–9. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58635-6_277.

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Turner, Barry. "Tajikistan". En The Statesman’s Yearbook, 1199–202. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59051-3_326.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Tajikistan"

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RAJABOV, NUSRAT. "TAJIKISTAN NATIONAL SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM: 2014-2015". En International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies — 48th Session. World Scientific, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813148994_0072.

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Ulmasov, R. y A. Nosirzoda. "Demographic and Migration Problems in Tajikistan". En XIII Ural Demographic Forum. Global challenges to demographic development. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2022-3-14.

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The article reveals demographic and migration problems after the COVID-19 pandemic. The experience of other countries in this area is studied. Nowadays, many countries are discussing the growing number of people of retirement age, the rapid ageing of the population. However, in order to correctly assess the problem of ageing, it is necessary to take into account the number of children and people of working age. The increasing burden on pension funds will be combined with the growing demand of the population for expensive medical care.
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Dronkert, H., E. Dijkhuis y V. Kondur. "Oil and Gas in Tajikistan, New Prospects". En 59th EAGE Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.131.gen1997_c046.

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Aliev, K., K. Partoev y Z. B. Davlyatnazarova. "MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND IT PROSPECTS IN TAJIKISTAN". En The All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental". SIPPB SB RAS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31255/978-5-94797-319-8-1156-1159.

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"Fertility Trends in the Republic of Tajikistan". En XIII Ural Demographic Forum.Global challenges to demographic development. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2022-4-28.

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Tajibaeva, M. N. y A. Z. Abdumavlonovna. "INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION OF THE POPULATION OF TAJIKISTAN". En XII Международный научно-практический форум. Знание-М, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/00187-097-5.2021.101.107.

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. В статье показана значимая роль трудовой эмиграции для трудоизбыточных стран. На примере Республики Таджикистан обозначены положительные и отрицательные последствия работы таджиков в России. По мнению авторов, усиление трудовой эмиграции приводит к снижению политической и экономической безопасности Таджикистана. В тоже время возможность работать в России позволяет улучшить уровень жизни домохозяйств, члены которых выезжают в Россию. Показаны результаты социологического опроса трудовых эмигрантов
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Babaev, A. y A. Subkhonov. "Patterns of Ongoing Migration Processes and the Problem of Personnel Loss in the Republic of Tajikistan". En XIII Ural Demographic Forum. Global challenges to demographic development. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2022-3-2.

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The paper examines the regularities of ongoing migration processes in the Republic of Tajikistan at the present stage. The study aims to determine and analyse various motives for the migration movement of the population and numerous patterns. Based on the experience of Tajikistan, the article draws a parallel between legal and natural laws, while studying the sensitive issue of mass migration of personnel from Tajikistan to other countries of the world and the damage done to the state, which also have their own laws. It is hypothesised that the continuing emigration of specialists from the republic can provoke a socio-economic decline and a sharp deterioration in the well-being of families with unpredictable consequences. The work uses various methods of collecting and analysing information, sociological and correlation approaches. For the first time in the national demographic science, the legal and natural patterns of the ongoing migration processes in the Republic of Tajikistan have been studied and practically substantiated. The conclusions and scientific results of the research can be used in the practical activities of the relevant government authorities and the scientific community that studies the field of migration.
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Sharifi, Daler y Alla Aslitdinova. "INTRODUCTION AND USE OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN". En eLSE 2019. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-19-151.

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The changing socio-economic situation in the modern world has led to the need to modernize the education, rethink theoretical approaches and the accumulated practice of educational institutions in the Republic of Tajikistan. The main direction of the strategic development of Tajikistan in modern conditions is comprehensive modernization, the key prerequisite of which is the presence of social actors with innovative potential and opportunities for its implementation. Creating a solid base for the successful development of modernization processes is impossible without the participation of the higher education system in this process. Modern information technologies are actively being introduced into the educational process in the Republic of Tajikistan. Educational institutions are equipped with a variety of network equipment and computer equipment, allowing them to integrate into the worldwide Internet. All this has changed the distance learning and made it really effective in the modern world. The proliferation of "fast Internet" made it possible to use audio and video broadcasting, audio and video conferencing, online conferences, webcasts, as well as online simulators and game managers that simulate learning processes that give basic management skills to both a small company and large. Today there is no need to prove that the twenty-first century, admittedly, is becoming the century of globalization and the erasure of borders, information and communication technologies and the Internet. Modern society is involved in the general historical process, called "informatization". Tajikistan is creating the prerequisites for the development of distance learning, creating bases for the development of multimedia lessons and video lessons, the opportunity for videoconferencing, a number of projects being implemented. Currently, already some higher educational and scientific institutions of the country are connected to the educational portal and the Internet, which allows introducing into the educational process methods of distance learning, a wide range of information and communication services for students. The Republic of Tajikistan has set itself the goal - to create the necessary opportunities and conditions for our children to grow up fully and harmoniously developed people with the most modern intellectual knowledge, people who fully meet the requirements of the XXI century in which they will live and work. Dr. Alla Aslitdinova Tajik National University Associate academician of the International Informatization Academy, European project bureau. Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Rudaki Avenue 17. aslitdinovaalla@mail.ru Daler Sharifi Tajik National University, Ph.D candidate, Department of International Relations. Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Rudaki Avenue 17. dalersharifi@gmail.com
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Cieslewska, Anna. "Tradition and Poverty Reduction – Mahalla and its Significance in Development Process in Tajikistan". En International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00200.

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Significance of mahalla as informal social, self-governing institution has increased due to a variety of factors related to the post-transitional changes in Tajikistan. The phenomenon of existence of informal self-government bodies has not been only exclusive to Central Asia or Tajikistan. However, in a case of Central Asia, those institutions have always played significant role in maintaining social order and frequently they are more legitimized in the eyes of local residents than the formally established self-government. Recently, the government of Tajikistan has attempted to incorporate the elements of (indigenous) self-governmental institutions into the formal self-government’s structures. Also, international organizations try to integrate mahalla as important element which would facilitate development’s process. Identification of potential of this old institution could become a good base for poverty reduction and social programs.
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Saidov, Nurali. "Opportunities for enhancing ecosystem services in Tajikistan agriculture". En 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94778.

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Informes sobre el tema "Tajikistan"

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Policy Research Institute, International Food. CACCI country profile Tajikistan. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.136837.

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Rogers, Daniel S. Tajikistan: POL/MIL Informed Questions. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, enero de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada441586.

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Water Management Institute (IWMI), International. Strengthening participatory irrigation management in Tajikistan. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2018.212.

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Kukushkina, Nataliya. Political administrative map of the Republic of Tajikistan. Editado por Nikolay Komedchikov, Aleksandr Khropov y Larisa Loginova. Entsiklopediya, noviembre de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/dm2016-04-14-1.

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Gafurov, Z., S. Eltazarov, B. Akramov, K. Djumaboev y O. Anarbekov. Information tool for Zafarabad District, Sogd Province, Tajikistan. International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2018.218.

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anon. An Energy Overview of the Republic of Tajikistan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), octubre de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821413.

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Morgan, Miranda y Alastair Stewart. Making Market Systems Work for Women Farmers in Tajikistan: A final evaluation of Oxfam's Gendered Enterprise and Markets programme in Tajikistan. Oxfam GB, diciembre de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2019.5372.

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Gendered Enterprise and Markets (GEM) is Oxfam GB’s approach to market systems development. The GEM approach facilitates change in market systems and social norms, with the aim of ensuring more sustainable livelihood opportunities for marginalized women and men. The GEM DFID AidMatch Programme (June 2014–February 2018) worked within the soya, milk and vegetable value chains targeting women smallholder farmers in areas of poverty. The programme aimed to benefit 63,600 people (10,600 smallholder households) living in Zambia, Tajikistan and Bangladesh through increases in household income, women having greater influence over key livelihood decisions within their households and communities, and engaging in livelihoods more resilient to shocks, such as natural disasters and market volatility. In Tajikistan, the Gendered Enterprise and Markets (GEM) programme has been implemented in five districts of Khatlon Province by Oxfam in partnership with local public organizations, League of Women Lawyers of Tajikistan (LWL) and Neksigol Mushovir. The GEM programme in Tajikistan sought to directly improve the livelihoods of an estimated 3,000 smallholder farmers (60 percent women) in fruit and vegetable value chains through improved production skills, resilience to climate risks, access to market opportunities and greater engagement with market players, and strengthened ability to influence private sector and government actors. The evaluation was designed to investigate if and how the GEM programme might have contributed to its intended outcomes – not only in the lives of individual women smallholder farmers targeted by the programme but also to changes in their communities and the larger market system. It also sought to capture any potential unintended outcomes of the programme.
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Westrope, Clay. Governance in Tajikistan: Evaluation of the women smallholder farmer advocacy campaign. Oxfam GB, junio de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2017.0094.

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Mukhamedova, N. y K. Wegerich. Land reforms and feminization of agricultural labor in Sughd province, Tajikistan. International Water Management Institute (IWMI)., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2014.208.

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Wallace, Bryony. Bringing clean energy and co-benefits to remote communities in Tajikistan and Afghanistan. Oxfam, febrero de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.7000.

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