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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "T cells Receptors"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 6 de septiembre de 2023

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1

Y, Elshimali. "Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy (Car T-Cells) in Solid Tumors, Resistance and Success." Bioequivalence & Bioavailability International Journal 6, no. 1 (2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/beba-16000163.

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CARs are chimeric synthetic antigen receptors that can be introduced into an immune cell to retarget its cytotoxicity toward a specific tumor antigen. CAR T-cells immunotherapy demonstrated significant success in the management of hematologic malignancies. Nevertheless, limited studies are present regarding its efficacy in solid and refractory tumors. It is well known that the major concerns regarding this technique include the risk of relapse and the resistance of tumor cells, in addition to high expenses and limited affordability. Several factors play a crucial role in improving the efficacy

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2

Meiliana, Anna, Nurrani Mustika Dewi, and Andi Wijaya. "CAR T Cells: Precision Cancer Immunotherapy." Indonesian Biomedical Journal 10, no. 3 (December 28, 2018): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v10i3.635.

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BACKGROUND: Current cancer drugs and treatments are aiming at eradicating tumor cells, but often are more toxic then effective, killing also the normal cells and not selectively the tumor cells. There is good personalized cancer therapy that involves administration to the cancer-bearing host of immune cells with direct anticancer activity, which called adoptive cell therapy (ACT). A review of the unique biology of T cell therapy and of recent clinical experience compels a reassessment of target antigens that traditionally have been viewed from the perspective of weaker immunotherapeutic modali

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3

Steverding, Dietmar. "Cycle Numbers of Cell Surface Recycling Receptors." Receptors 2, no. 2 (June 6, 2023): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/receptors2020010.

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The cycle number (nc) of a recycling receptor is defined as the average number of round trips (cell surface–endosome–cell surface) the receptor can make before it is degraded. This characteristic parameter of recycling receptors can be easily determined from the receptor’s half-life (t½, the time in which 50% of the receptor is degraded) and cycling time (Tc, the time a receptor needs to complete a round trip). Relationship analyses revealed that nc increases linearly with increasing t½ and decreases exponentially with increasing Tc. For commonly observed t½ and Tc values, it was calculated th

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4

Coico, R. F., B. Xue, D. Wallace, B. Pernis, G. W. Siskind, and G. J. Thorbecke. "T cells with receptors for IgD." Nature 316, no. 6030 (August 1985): 744–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/316744a0.

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5

Klein, Thomas W., Cathy Newton, Kellie Larsen, Joe Chou, Izabella Perkins, Lily Lu, Liang Nong, and Herman Friedman. "Cannabinoid receptors and T helper cells." Journal of Neuroimmunology 147, no. 1-2 (February 2004): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2003.10.019.

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6

Rossig, Claudia, Catherine M. Bollard, Jed G. Nuchtern, Cliona M. Rooney, and Malcolm K. Brenner. "Epstein-Barr virus–specific human T lymphocytes expressing antitumor chimeric T-cell receptors: potential for improved immunotherapy." Blood 99, no. 6 (March 15, 2002): 2009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v99.6.2009.

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Abstract Primary T cells expressing chimeric receptors specific for tumor or viral antigens have considerable therapeutic potential. Unfortunately, their clinical value is limited by their rapid loss of function and failure to expand in vivo, presumably due to the lack of costimulator molecules on tumor cells and the inherent limitations of signaling exclusively through the chimeric receptor. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of B lymphocytes is near universal in humans and stimulates high levels of EBV-specific helper and cytotoxic T cells, which persist indefinitely. Our clinical studies ha

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7

Sato, Noriko, Richard N. Bamford, Bonita R. Bryant, Yutaka Tagaya, and Thomas A. Waldmann. "Accessory cells precondition naive T cells and regulatory T cells for cytokine-mediated proliferation." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2023): 164.02. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.164.02.

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Abstract Naïve T cells and regulatory T cells, when purified, do not proliferate to the common cytokine receptor γ-chain family cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7 or IL-15, despite their expression of cognate cytokine receptors. Cell-to-cell contact with dendritic cells (DCs) enabled proliferation of the T cell to these cytokines, independent of antigen recognition or T cell receptor stimulation. This effect lasted after separation of T cells from DCs, enabling enhanced proliferation of the T cells in mice depleted of DCs. We propose calling this a “preconditioning effect”. Interestingly, IL-2

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8

Suzuki, T., and M. D. Cooper. "Comparison of the expression of IL 2 receptors by human T and B cells: induction by the polyclonal mitogens, phorbol myristate acetate, and anti-mu antibody." Journal of Immunology 134, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 3111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.134.5.3111.

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Abstract It is well established that IL 2 plays an important role in the proliferative response of T cells. Activated B cells were also recently found to express IL 2 receptors. The present studies were designed to compare qualitative, quantitative, and functional aspects of IL 2 receptor expression by activated T and B cells. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-activated human T and small resting B cells and enhanced the expression of HLA-DR, HLA-DC/DS, and transferrin receptors while reducing Leu-4 antigen expression by T cells and IgM and IgD expression on B cells. PMA induced both T and B cell

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9

Scheurich, P., B. Thoma, U. Ucer, and K. Pfizenmaier. "Immunoregulatory activity of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha: induction of TNF receptors on human T cells and TNF-alpha-mediated enhancement of T cell responses." Journal of Immunology 138, no. 6 (March 15, 1987): 1786–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.138.6.1786.

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Abstract The expression of specific tumor necrosis factor (TNF) membrane receptors and biological effects of recombinant TNF (rTNF)-alpha on normal human T lymphocytes were studied. Although resting T cells lacked specific binding capacity for rTNF-alpha, high affinity (Kd 70 pM) TNF receptors were de novo induced upon primary activation of T cells. Comparison of TNF receptor expression with that of high affinity interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) receptors, respectively, revealed similarities to IL 2-receptor expression with respect to kinetics of induction. However, maximu

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10

Aune, T. M., K. M. McGrath, T. Sarr, M. P. Bombara, and K. A. Kelley. "Expression of 5HT1a receptors on activated human T cells. Regulation of cyclic AMP levels and T cell proliferation by 5-hydroxytryptamine." Journal of Immunology 151, no. 3 (August 1, 1993): 1175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.151.3.1175.

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Abstract The neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT), has been shown to affect function of cells of the immune system. More recently, specific 5HT receptors have been identified and partially characterized on Jurkat cells. Results presented here characterize the receptor on Jurkat cells as the 5HT1a receptor subtype and show that mitogen-activated but not resting human T cells also express the 5HT1a receptor subtype. Analysis of mRNA in Jurkat cells and activated and resting T cells by PCR or by Northern analysis revealed the presence of 5HT1a receptor. Pharmacologic analysis of

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11

Kamiya, Takahiro, Desmond Wong, Yi Tian Png, and Dario Campana. "A novel method to generate T-cell receptor–deficient chimeric antigen receptor T cells." Blood Advances 2, no. 5 (March 5, 2018): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2017012823.

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Key Points Newly designed PEBLs prevent surface expression of T-cell receptor in T cells without affecting their function. Combined with chimeric antigen receptors, PEBLs can rapidly generate powerful antileukemic T cells without alloreactivity.

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12

Posnett, D. N., A. Gottlieb, J. B. Bussel, S. M. Friedman, N. Chiorazzi, Y. Li, P. Szabo, N. R. Farid, and M. A. Robinson. "T cell antigen receptors in autoimmunity." Journal of Immunology 141, no. 6 (September 15, 1988): 1963–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.141.6.1963.

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Abstract Three mAb to variable region determinants of the alpha/beta-chain TCR were used to detect discrete populations of peripheral blood T cells. T cells sharing a TCR determinant defined by such an antibody presumably use the same or similar TCR V or J genes for their alpha- or beta-chains. Thus analysis with these mAb provides a tool to investigate TCR gene usage and expression. Since autoantigen specific T cells may play an important role in initiating autoimmune diseases, TCR were analyzed in different autoimmune diseases and control groups including rheumatoid arthritis, Graves disease

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13

Wu, Ling, Qianru Wei, Joanna Brzostek, and Nicholas R. J. Gascoigne. "Signaling from T cell receptors (TCRs) and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on T cells." Cellular & Molecular Immunology 17, no. 6 (May 25, 2020): 600–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41423-020-0470-3.

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14

Kim, Chang H., Jeeho Lee, and Seung G. Kang. "Developmental and antigen-driven switches in the trafficking receptors of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (99.2)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2007): S194. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.99.2.

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Abstract FoxP3+ regulatory T cells play important roles in immune regulation and tolerance. There is an increasing body of evidence that the migration ability of FoxP3+ T cells is important for their regulatory functions at effector tissue sites. We investigated the two different trafficking receptor switches of FoxP3+ T cells occurring in the thymus and secondary lymphoid tissues. The first trafficking receptor switch in the thymus is developmentally programmed: Precursors of FoxP3+ cells undergo the first trafficking receptor switch from CCR8/CCR9 to CXCR4 and then finally to CCR7, generatin

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15

Umemura, Masayuki, Masatoshi Yamasaki, Toshiki Tamura, and Goro Matsuzaki. "Dispensable role of chemokine receptors in migration of mycobacterial antigen-specific CD4+ T cells into mycobacteria-infected lung." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 156.34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.156.34.

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Abstract Mycobacterial antigen-specific CD4+ Th1 cells have a pivotal role in protective immunity against mycobacterial infections, including pulmonary tuberculosis. In the course of infection, Th1 cells differentiate in the lung-draining lymph nodes and migrate into the infected lung. Chemokine receptors on T cells are involved in T cell migration into the intestine and skin. However, the role of chemokine receptors in the migration of CD4+ T cells into the lung has not yet been determined. To address this issue, the role of chemokine receptors in T cell migration into the mycobacteria-infect

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16

Baldanzi, Gianluca. "Immune Checkpoint Receptors Signaling in T Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 3529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073529.

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The characterization of the receptors negatively modulating lymphocyte function is rapidly advancing, driven by success in tumor immunotherapy. As a result, the number of immune checkpoint receptors characterized from a functional perspective and targeted by innovative drugs continues to expand. This review focuses on the less explored area of the signaling mechanisms of these receptors, of those expressed in T cells. Studies conducted mainly on PD-1, CTLA-4, and BTLA have evidenced that the extracellular parts of some of the receptors act as decoy receptors for activating ligands, but in all

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17

Kochenderfer, James N. "Chimeric Antigen Receptors/Genetically Modified T-Cells." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): SCI—37—SCI—37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.sci-37.sci-37.

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Multiple myeloma (MM) is a usually incurable malignancy of plasma cells. While the therapy of MM has improved greatly in the past 15 years, therapies with novel mechanisms of action are needed for MM. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation has been shown to have a potent anti-myeloma effect, and allogeneic donor lymphocyte infusions can cause remissions of MM. These results from allogeneic transplantation show that MM can be vulnerable to cellular immunotherapies, but allogeneic transplants have substantial rates of mortality and morbidity. Anti-CD19 CAR T cells have been shown to have powerful

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18

Modlin, Robert L., Michael B. Brenner, Michael S. Krangel, Allan D. Duby, and Barry R. Bloom. "T-cell receptors of human suppressor cells." Nature 329, no. 6139 (October 1987): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/329541a0.

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19

Tordai, A., J. W. Fenton, T. Andersen, and E. W. Gelfand. "Functional thrombin receptors on human T lymphoblastoid cells." Journal of Immunology 150, no. 11 (June 1, 1993): 4876–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.150.11.4876.

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Abstract Human alpha-thrombin stimulated five different T lymphoblastoid cell lines to increase intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations, whereas five B cell lines did not similarly respond. The T cell intracellular free Ca2+ increased rapidly, plateaued within 10 to 20 s, and then declined without any measurable sustained intracellular free Ca2+ elevation. Liberation of inositol trisphosphate peaked within 60 s, and a rapid and sustained activation of protein kinase C was induced. The thrombin-specific inhibitor, hirudin, completely blocked the response to alpha-thrombin. Catalytically inactiva

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20

Zhang, Peng-Fei, Chuang Wang, Le Zhang, and Qiu Li. "Reversing chemokine/chemokine receptor mismatch to enhance the antitumor efficacy of CAR-T cells." Immunotherapy 14, no. 6 (April 2022): 459–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/imt-2021-0228.

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Currently, the antitumor efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor T cells in solid tumors is modest. Both chemokines and their receptors play a key role in the proliferation of cancer cells, tumor angiogenesis, organ-selective metastasis and migration of immune cells to solid tumors. Unfortunately, frequent chemokine/chemokine receptor ‘mismatch’ between effector cells and the tumor microenvironment results in inefficient T-cell infiltration and antitumor efficacy. Thus, reversing the ‘mismatch’ of chemokines and chemokine receptors appears to be a promising method for promoting T-cell infiltrati

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21

Cameron, W., K. Doyle, and R. E. Rocklin. "Histamine type I (H1) receptor radioligand binding studies on normal T cell subsets, B cells, and monocytes." Journal of Immunology 136, no. 6 (March 15, 1986): 2116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.136.6.2116.

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Abstract We have documented a single, specific binding site for [3H]pyrilamine on normal human T helper, T suppressor, B cells, and monocytes. The binding of the radioligand to its receptor is reversible with cold H1 antagonist, saturates at 40 to 60 nM, and binding equilibrium is achieved in 2 to 4 min. Using a computer program (Ligand), we calculated the dissociation constants, binding capacities, and numbers of receptors per cell for each of the different cell types. Monocytes were found to have the highest affinity (mean KD +/- SD; 3.8 +/- 4.8 nM) for [3H]pyrilamine, followed by T helper c

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22

Rabin, Ronald L., Matthew K. Park, Fang Liao, Ruth Swofford, David Stephany, and Joshua M. Farber. "Chemokine Receptor Responses on T Cells Are Achieved Through Regulation of Both Receptor Expression and Signaling." Journal of Immunology 162, no. 7 (April 1, 1999): 3840–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.7.3840.

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Abstract To address the issues of redundancy and specificity of chemokines and their receptors in lymphocyte biology, we investigated the expression of CC chemokine receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CXCR3, and CXCR4 and responses to their ligands on memory and naive, CD4 and CD8 human T cells, both freshly isolated and after short term activation in vitro. Activation through CD3 for 3 days had the most dramatic effects on the expression of CXCR3, which was up-regulated and functional on all T cell populations including naive CD4 cells. In contrast, the effects of short term activation on expre

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23

Meeks, Christian Matthew, and Christopher G. Horton. "Modulation of CD4+ T cell polarization using non-canonical co-receptors." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2017): 150.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.150.15.

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Abstract CD4+ T helper cells are a diverse group of cells promoting target cell death and production of antibodies. These cells acquire one of several fates following signals through the T cell receptor, co-receptors, and cytokines. The cytokine requirements inducing the polarization of T cell fate has been heavily evaluated and reasonably well defined. However, the influence provided by co-receptors has not been completely elucidated. Traditionally, in vitro T cell polarization assays utilize CD28 stimulation as the primary co-receptor signal required for differentiation. Others have observed

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24

Frydrychowicz, Magdalena, Maciej Boruczkowski, Agata Kolecka-Bednarczyk, Renata Jenek, Joanna Rosołowska, Agnieszka Pluto-Prądzyńska, and Grzegorz Dworacki. "Characteristics of Regulatory T cells." Journal of Medical Science 85, no. 4 (December 29, 2016): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20883/jms.2016.175.

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Regulatory T cells (Tregs) is heterogenic subpopulation of T cells that is able to suppress function of effector cells during the immune response. Among them are natural (nTreg) and induced Treg (Tr1, Th3, CD4+CD25-). CD25, CD45Ro, CD152, GITR, LAG-3, several adhesion molecules, chemokine receptors as well as Toll-like receptors are present on the surface of Treg. Mechanism of suppression used by nTreg is not completely understood.

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25

Frydrychowicz, Magdalena, Maciej Boruczkowski, Agata Kolecka-Bednarczyk, Renata Jenek, Joanna Rosołowska, Agnieszka Pluto-Prądzyńska, and Grzegorz Dworacki. "Characteristics of Regulatory T cells." Journal of Medical Science 85, no. 4 (December 29, 2016): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.20883/175.

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Regulatory T cells (Tregs) is heterogenic subpopulation of T cells that is able to suppress function of effector cells during the immune response. Among them are natural (nTreg) and induced Treg (Tr1, Th3, CD4+CD25-). CD25, CD45Ro, CD152, GITR, LAG-3, several adhesion molecules, chemokine receptors as well as Toll-like receptors are present on the surface of Treg. Mechanism of suppression used by nTreg is not completely understood.

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26

Portilla, Didier, and Mark D. Okusa. "T cells and T-cell receptors in acute renal failure." Kidney International 69, no. 2 (January 2006): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ki.5000128.

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27

Kempkes, B., E. Palmer, S. Martin, A. von Bonin, K. Eichmann, B. Ortmann, and H. U. Weltzien. "Predominant T cell receptor gene elements in TNP-specific cytotoxic T cells." Journal of Immunology 147, no. 8 (October 15, 1991): 2467–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.147.8.2467.

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Abstract H-2b class I-restricted, TNP-specific CTL clones were obtained by limiting dilution cloning of either short term polyclonal CTL lines or spleen cells of TNP-immunized mice directly ex vivo. Sequence analyses of mRNA coding for TCR alpha- and beta-chains of 11 clones derived from CTL lines from individual C57BL/6 mice revealed that all of them expressed unique but clearly nonrandom receptor structures. Five alpha-chains (45%) employed V alpha 10 gene elements, and four of those (36%) were associated with J beta 2.6-expressing beta-chains. The alpha-chains from these four TCR, moreover,

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28

Cardarelli, P. M., and M. D. Pierschbacher. "Identification of fibronectin receptors on T lymphocytes." Journal of Cell Biology 105, no. 1 (July 1, 1987): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.105.1.499.

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We report the identification of fibronectin receptors on thymocytes and T lymphoma cells. Affinity chromatography of extracts of the T cell lymphoma, WR16.1, on a fibronectin-Sepharose column combined with specific elution using a synthetic peptide containing the cell attachment-promoting sequence, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid, yielded two polypeptide components having apparent molecular masses of approximately 160 kD reduced and 175 and 150 kD nonreduced. Immunoprecipitations from surface-iodinated WR16.1 cells or fibronectin-adherent thymocytes using a rabbit antiserum raised against the f

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29

Dailey, M. O., J. Schreurs, and H. Schulman. "Hormone receptors on cloned T lymphocytes. Increased responsiveness to histamine, prostaglandins, and beta-adrenergic agents as a late stage event in T cell activation." Journal of Immunology 140, no. 9 (May 1, 1988): 2931–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.140.9.2931.

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Abstract Lymphocytes have surface receptors for a variety of hormones that play an important part in modulating the immune response. Most previous studies, however, have examined the effects of hormone agonists on heterogeneous bulk populations of cells, making it difficult to precisely identify the responding target cells. We have therefore studied a set of well characterized T cell clones for a series of adenylate cyclase-linked hormone receptors and examined changes in receptor expression that occur after cell activation. All clones tested had receptors for histamine, isoproterenol, and PGE

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30

Rosenberg, Kenneth M., and Nevil J. Singh. "Subset-specific neurotransmitter receptor expression tunes T cell activation." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2018): 47.22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.47.22.

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Abstract T cells continually patrol and invade other tissues and are exposed to varying tissue-specific cues. Different tissues are typically innervated by neurons using characteristic neurotransmitters. Therefore, encounter with particular neurotransmitters has the potential to influence the tissue-specific behavior of T cells. Although neurons utilize a complex array of over 180 neurotransmitter receptor (NR) genes, we find that murine T cells in total express only a limited set (26 detected) of them. Furthermore, the expression is T cell subset-specific suggesting distinct functional roles.

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31

Robson MacDonald, H., Rosemary K. Lees, and Werner Held. "Developmentally Regulated Extinction of Ly-49 Receptor Expression Permits Maturation and Selection of NK1.1+ T Cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 187, no. 12 (June 15, 1998): 2109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.187.12.2109.

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Clonally distributed inhibitory receptors negatively regulate natural killer (NK) cell function via specific interactions with allelic forms of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. In the mouse, the Ly-49 family of inhibitory receptors is found not only on NK cells but also on a minor (NK1.1+) T cell subset. Using Ly-49 transgenic mice, we show here that the development of NK1.1+ T cells, in contrast to NK or conventional T cells, is impaired when their Ly-49 receptors engage self-MHC class I molecules. Impaired NK1.1+ T cell development in transgenic mice is associated wi

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32

Osborne, Douglas, and Daniel Billadeau. "Role of SNX17 in receptor recycling and antigen recognition by T cells. (IRC2P.445)." Journal of Immunology 192, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2014): 58.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.58.2.

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Abstract A key component in T cell activation is the endosomal recycling of receptors to the cell surface allowing for continual integration of signaling and antigen recognition. Multiple early endosomal associated proteins have been found to interact with T cell surface receptors and play a role in the recycling and transport of these receptors to the cell surface. One endosomal protein possibly involved in T cell receptor transport is sorting nexin 17 (SNX17). SNX17 has been found to bind with receptors involved in T cell activation, but its role in receptor recycling and T cell activation i

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33

Fortune, F., J. Freysdottir та J. Walker. "T cells expressing γδ receptors and Fcα receptors in Behcet's disease". Immunology Letters 56 (травень 1997): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2478(97)86241-4.

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34

Bebes, Attila, Ferenc Kovács-Sólyom, Judit Prihoda, Róbert Kui, Lajos Kemény, and Rolland Gyulai. "Interleukin-1 Receptors Are Differentially Expressed in Normal and Psoriatic T Cells." Mediators of Inflammation 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/472625.

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This study was carried out to examine the possible role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the functional insufficiency of regulatory T cells in psoriasis, by comparing the expression of IL-1 receptors on healthy control and psoriatic T cells. Patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis and healthy volunteers, matched in age and sex, were selected for all experiments. CD4+CD25−effector and CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells were separated and used for the experiments. Expression of the mRNA of IL-1 receptors (IL-1R1, IL-1R2, and sIL-1R2) was determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR.

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ARMSTRONG, John M., Jiang Fan CHEN, Michael A. SCHWARZSCHILD, Sergey APASOV, Patrick T. SMITH, Charles CALDWELL, Pearl CHEN, et al. "Gene dose effect reveals no Gs-coupled A2A adenosine receptor reserve in murine T-lymphocytes: studies of cells from A2A-receptor-gene-deficient mice." Biochemical Journal 354, no. 1 (February 8, 2001): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3540123.

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Agonist binding to extracellular A2A adenosine receptors (A2ARs) inhibits the activation of virtually all tested functions of T-cells and can induce apoptosis in thymocytes. The evaluation of levels of expression of these immunosuppressive receptors is expected to clarify whether the absence of spare A2ARs (no ‘receptor reserve’) might be one of the mechanisms of attenuation of the effects of extracellular adenosine on T-cells. A2A transcript is found in T-cells and functional receptors can be demonstrated, but the density of receptor on T-cells is too low to be detected by radioligand binding

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36

Speiser, Daniel E., Mikaël J. Pittet, Danila Valmori, Rod Dunbar, Donata Rimoldi, Danielle Liénard, H. Robson MacDonald, Jean-Charles Cerottini, Vincenzo Cerundolo, and Pedro Romero. "In Vivo Expression of Natural Killer Cell Inhibitory Receptors by Human Melanoma–Specific Cytolytic T Lymphocytes." Journal of Experimental Medicine 190, no. 6 (September 20, 1999): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.190.6.775.

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Natural killer (NK) receptor signaling can lead to reduced cytotoxicity by NK cells and cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vitro. Whether T cells are inhibited in vivo remains unknown, since peptide antigen–specific CD8+ T cells have so far not been found to express NK receptors in vivo. Here we demonstrate that melanoma patients may bear tumor-specific CTLs expressing NK receptors. The lysis of melanoma cells by patient-derived CTLs was inhibited by the NK receptor CD94/NKG2A. Thus, tumor-specific CTL activity may be decreased through NK receptor triggering in vivo.

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Schwab, R., M. K. Crow, C. Russo, and M. E. Weksler. "Requirements for T cell activation by OKT3 monoclonal antibody: role of modulation of T3 molecules and interleukin 1." Journal of Immunology 135, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 1714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.135.3.1714.

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Abstract The requirements for activation of human peripheral blood T cells by the mitogenic monoclonal antibody OKT3 were examined. OKT3 binds to a T cell molecule, T3, associated with the T cell antigen receptor and involved in T cell activation. Activation of T cells by OKT3 requires signals provided by accessory cells and is IL 2 dependent. In the presence of accessory cells, OKT3 induces loss of T3 molecules from the cell surface, production of IL 2, expression of IL 2 receptors, and proliferation. Modulation of T3 molecules by OKT3 can be induced in the absence of accessory cells with ant

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Hannum, C., P. Marrack, R. Kubo, and J. Kappler. "Thymocytes with the predicted properties of pre-T cells." Journal of Experimental Medicine 166, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 874–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.166.4.874.

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T cell receptor synthesis in thymocytes was examined by the differential immunoprecipitation of receptors from the surfaces and interiors of metabolically labeled newborn and adult thymocytes. Precipitated molecules were then analyzed for size, charge, and state of glycosylation. Our experiments identified cells within the thymic cortex that contained a large pool of cytoplasmic-free receptor beta chain. The beta chain in this pool was synthesized and degraded rapidly and bore only high-mannose N-linked oligosaccharides. This pool was found predominantly in cells that lacked surface alpha/beta

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39

Mazerolles, Fabienne, and Frédéric Rieux-Laucat. "PD-L1 is expressed on human activated naive effector CD4+ T cells. Regulation by dendritic cells and regulatory CD4+ T cells." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): e0260206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260206.

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The T cell expression of various co-signalling receptors from the CD28 immunoglobulin superfamily (Inducible T cell co-stimulator (ICOS), Programmed cell death 1(PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) or from the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily (glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family related (GITR), 4-1BB, and CD27), is essential for T cell responses regulation. Other receptors (such as T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3, T cell immunoglobulin and T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), and lymph

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40

Simon, Bianca, Dennis C. Harrer, Beatrice Schuler-Thurner, Gerold Schuler, and Ugur Uslu. "Arming T Cells with a gp100-Specific TCR and a CSPG4-Specific CAR Using Combined DNA- and RNA-Based Receptor Transfer." Cancers 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050696.

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Tumor cells can develop immune escape mechanisms to bypass T cell recognition, e.g., antigen loss or downregulation of the antigen presenting machinery, which represents a major challenge in adoptive T cell therapy. To counteract these mechanisms, we transferred not only one, but two receptors into the same T cell to generate T cells expressing two additional receptors (TETARs). We generated these TETARs by lentiviral transduction of a gp100-specific T cell receptor (TCR) and subsequent electroporation of mRNA encoding a second-generation CSPG4-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Followi

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41

Helsen, Christopher, Vivian Lau, Joanne Hammill, Kenneth Mwawasi, Danielle Hayes, Arya Afsahi, Ksenia Bezverbnaya, Craig Aarts, Galina Denisova, and Jonathan Bramson. "T Cells Engineered with T Cell Antigen Coupler (TAC) Receptors for Haematological Malignancies." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119045.

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Abstract Background: We recently described the T cell antigen coupler (TAC) technology (Helsen et. al. Nature Communications) which is a chimeric receptor that targets antigens in an MHC-independent fashion and activates T cells by co-opting the natural TCR receptor. In vitro and in vivo assessments of TAC T cells in solid tumor models have revealed that TACs mediate biological effects that are distinct from conventional chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and offer safety advantages, including greater target selectivity and reduced off-target toxicity. Here, we present in vitro and in vivo data

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42

Smith, Tracey J., and John H. Weis. "Mucosal T cells and mast cells share common adhesion receptors." Immunology Today 17, no. 2 (February 1996): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(96)80580-9.

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Biffen, M., and D. R. Alexander. "Mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ by adenine nucleotides in human T-leukaemia cells: evidence for ADP-specific and P2y-purinergic receptors." Biochemical Journal 304, no. 3 (December 15, 1994): 769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3040769.

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The expression of purinergic receptors on human T-cells was investigated and the receptors were shown to be functionally coupled to intracellular signals in two out of eight T-leukaemia cell-lines. Addition of adenine nucleotides resulted in mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ in HPB-ALL cells and a cell line (CB1) recently isolated from a patient with T-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Of a range of nucleotides tested only ADP and ATP elevated intracellular levels of Ca2+, with ADP being the more potent agonist. Ca2+ mobilization by ATP was accompanied by increased inositol phosphate production

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44

Weiss, A., P. F. Dazin, R. Shields, S. M. Fu, and L. L. Lanier. "Functional competency of T cell antigen receptors in human thymus." Journal of Immunology 139, no. 10 (November 15, 1987): 3245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.139.10.3245.

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Abstract The T cell antigen receptor is likely to play a role in both positive and negative selection in the thymus. Three populations of thymocytes can be distinguished by the level of expression of the CD3-alpha/beta-chain heterodimer of the T cell antigen receptor (CD3/Ti alpha/beta) complex. Cells which fail to express these receptors or express low levels of receptors are contained in a population of thymocytes which express low levels of the CD5 antigen and are predominantly CD4+/CD8+. Thus, these cells appear to be relatively immature phenotypically. In contrast, the cells which express

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45

Peeters, Marlies J. W., Anne Rahbech, and Per thor Straten. "TAM-ing T cells in the tumor microenvironment: implications for TAM receptor targeting." Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy 69, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00262-019-02421-w.

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Abstract The TAM receptors—TYRO3, AXL, MERTK—are pleiotropically expressed receptors in both healthy and diseased tissue. A complex of the ligands Protein S (PROS1) or Growth Arrest-Specific 6 (GAS6) with apoptotic phosphatidylserine activates the TAM receptors. Hence, this receptor family is essential for the efferocytosis of apoptotic material by antigen-presenting cells. In addition, TAM receptors are expressed by virtually all cells of the tumor microenvironment. They are also potent oncogenes, frequently overexpressed in cancer and involved in survival and therapy resistance. Due to their

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Shanker, Anil, Maria Teresa Prudente de Aquino, Thomas W. Hodo, and Roman Uzhachenko. "Glutamate receptor signaling is critical for T cell function and antitumor activity." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 241.42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.241.42.

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Abstract The interaction between the nervous system and immune system has sparked interest in recent years. Emerging evidence shows an intricate neuroimmune network. We were intrigued by the expression of various neurotransmitter receptors on T lymphocytes. Specifically, following TCR stimulation, glutamate receptors (GluR) were significantly upregulated on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, with a peak at 48 h. Concomitant with the upregulation of activation molecules CD69, CD25 and CD44, proliferating CD8+ T cells presented higher levels of GluA3 and mGluR1 when compared with resting cells. By bloc

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Chen, Yuehong, Jianhong Sun, Huan Liu, Geng Yin, and Qibing Xie. "Immunotherapy Deriving from CAR-T Cell Treatment in Autoimmune Diseases." Journal of Immunology Research 2019 (December 31, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5727516.

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Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells are T cells engineered to express specific synthetic antigen receptors that can recognize antigens expressed by tumor cells, which after the binding of these antigens to the receptors are eliminated, and have been adopted to treat several kinds of malignancies. Autoimmune diseases (AIDs), a class of chronic disease conditions, can be broadly separated into autoantibody-mediated and T cell-mediated diseases. Treatments for AIDs are focused on restoring immune tolerance. However, current treatments have little effect on immune tolerance inverse; even the

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Batorov, E. V., V. A. Aristova, G. Yu Ushakova, S. A. Sizikova, V. V. Denisova, E. Ya Shevela, A. A. Ostanin, and E. R. Chernykh. "Common Ɣ-chain cytokine receptors as functional phenotype markers of PD-1and TIM-3-positive T cells in multiple myeloma." Siberian journal of oncology 22, no. 1 (February 22, 2023): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21294/1814-4861-2023-22-1-43-54.

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T cells expressing checkpoint receptors PD-1, TIM-3 etc., are potential targets for monoclonal antibody immunotherapy in multiple myeloma (MM). However, checkpoint expressing T cell compartment includes different subsets, and their dysregulation following anti-checkpoint therapy can lead to the development of adverse events.The aim of this study was to evaluate activation markers – homeostatic cytokine receptors and transcription factors expressed by PD-1and TIM-3-positive T cells.Material and Methods. Relative counts of circulating PD-1and/or TIM-3-positive and negative T cells expressing com

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Zhou, Maggie, and Henrique Borges da Silva. "Tumor-induced, TCR-independent upregulation of A2AR expression in effector CD8+ T cells." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2022): 121.05. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.121.05.

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Abstract The tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by high levels of extracellular ATP (eATP) and adenosine, which are sensed by purinergic receptors. CD8+ T cells express two important receptors that bind these ligands: the extracellular receptor P2RX7 binds eATP and is generally immunostimulatory, while the adenosine receptor A2AR promotes immunosuppression. However, the role of the TME itself in the T cell expression of purinergic receptors is not clear. We used in vitro co-cultures of tumor cells and CD8+ T cells, and specifically found that A2AR is significantly upregulated after

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Jung, T. M., W. M. Gallatin, I. L. Weissman, and M. O. Dailey. "Down-regulation of homing receptors after T cell activation." Journal of Immunology 141, no. 12 (December 15, 1988): 4110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.141.12.4110.

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Abstract The specific pattern of lymphocyte localization and recirculation is important for the induction and expression of normal immune responses. In order to home to lymph nodes (LN), lymphocytes must first recognize and bind to specific high endothelial venules (HEV) in the LN. Binding to LN HEV is mediated by specific lymphocyte receptors, termed homing receptors, which are recognized by the mAb MEL-14. We examined the changes that occur in homing receptor expression after activation of murine T lymphocytes in vitro. Cells activated in MLC or by Con A undergo a 75% loss in their ability t

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