Tesis sobre el tema "Systèmes quantique"
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Lévi, Benjamin. "Simulation de systèmes quantiques sur un ordinateur quantique réaliste". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007592.
Texto completoForets, Irurtia Marcelo Alejandro. "Marches quantiques et mécanique quantique relativiste". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM028/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the development of two well-known models of computation for their application in quantum computer simulations. These models are the quantum walk (QW) and quantum cellular automata (QCA) models, and they constitute doubly strategic topics in this respect. First, they are privileged mathematical settings in which to encode the description of the actual physical system to be simulated. Second, they offer an experimentally viable architecture for actual physical devices performing the simulation.For QWs, we prove precise error bounds and convergence rates of the discrete scheme towards the Dirac equation, thus validating the QW as a quantum simulation scheme. Furthermore, for both models we formulate a notion of discrete Lorentz covariance, which admits a diagrammatic representation in terms of local, circuit equivalence rules. We also study the continuum limit of a wide class of QWs, and show that it leads to a class of PDEs which includes the Hamiltonian form of the massive Dirac equation in (1+1)-dimensional curved spacetime.Finally, we study the two particle sector of a QCA. We find the conditions for the existence of discrete spectrum (interpretable as molecular binding) for short-range and for long-range interactions. This is achieved using perturbation techniques of trace class operators and spectral analysis of unitary operators
Grémaud, Benoît. "Transport quantique dans les systèmes complexes". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292696.
Texto completoNegrevergne, Camille. "Contrôle quantique grâce aux méthodes de RMN : application à la simulation de systèmes quantiques". Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12593.
Texto completoNegrevergne, C. "Controle quantique grâce aux méthodes de RMN. Application à la simulation de systèmes quantiques". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004371.
Texto completoLes methodes de Resonance Magnetique Nucleaire en solution permettent d'initialiser, de manipuler et d'observer l'etat d'un systeme de spins 1/2 couples. ces methodes ont ete utilisees pour realiser experimentalement un petit processeur d'information quantique (QIP pour "Quantum Information processor") pouvant executer une centaine d'operations elementaires. un des themes principaux de ce travail a ete de concevoir, d'optimiser et de valiser des sequences d'impulsions necessaires pour "programmer" ce QIP.
ces techniques ont ete utilises pour executer un algorithme quantique de simulation des systemes anyoniques. des resultats experimentaux pour la determination des energies propres et de fonctions de correlation d'un systeme illustratif de fermions sur reseaux ont ete obtenus permettant de valider l'algorithme de simulation dans son principe et son execution experimentale.
Tseitline, Vadim. "Systèmes intégrables en mécanique classique et quantique". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077188.
Texto completoLandon-Cardinal, Olivier. "Caractérisation pratique des systèmes quantiques et mémoires quantiques auto-correctrices 2D". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6553.
Texto completoPapic, Zlatko. "Effet Hall quantique fractionnaire dans des systèmes multicomposantes". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624760.
Texto completoTriozon, François. "Diffusion quantique et conductivité dans les systèmes apériodiques". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002292.
Texto completoRabeie, Ardeshir. "Physique quantique des systèmes élémentaires dans de Sitter". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0243.
Texto completoThe object of this work is the quantization, using coherent states, of classical observables for a massive particle which moves on the de Sitter space. We obtain this result using a new method which we call method of the "Spherical Complex Harmonics". We build the phase space for the massive particles as an adjoint orbit of the universal covering of the de Sitter group for two and four dimensions (SU(1, 1) and Sp(2, 2)). This space is isomorphic with T*(Sd) and thus also with the complex sphere SdC. We build an invariant measure on this space and, using the analytical continuation of the spherical harmonics we obtain coherent states indexed by the points of SdC and thus, of the phase space of the massive particles on the de Sitter space. Lastly, these coherent states yield a quantization, i. E. An effective computation of the quantum observable from the classical ones
Istas, Mathieu. "Diffusion quantique au-delà des systèmes quasi-unidimensionnels". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY023/document.
Texto completoSimulations in the field of quantum nanoelectronics are often restricted to a quasi one-dimensional geometries where the device is connected to the macroscopic world with one-dimensional electrodes. This thesis presents novel numerical methods that lift many of these restrictions, in particular rendering realistic simulations of three-dimensional systems possible.The first part introduces a robust and efficient algorithm for computing bound states of infinite tight-binding systems that are made up of a scattering region connected to semi-infinite leads. The method is formulated in close nalogy to the wave-matching approach used to compute the scattering matrix. It also allows one to calculate edge or surface states, e.g. the so-called Fermi arcs.The second part is dedicated to a new numerical method, based on the Green's function formalism, that allows to efficiently simulate systems that are infinite in 1, 2 or 3 dimensions and mostly invariant by translation. Compared to established approaches whose computational costs grow with system size and that are therefore plagued by finite size effects, the new method allows one to directly reach the thermodynamic limit. It provides a practical route for simulating 3D setups that have so far remained elusive.Both methods are illustrated by applications to several quantum systems(a disordered two-dimensional electron gas, a graphene device...) and topological materials (Majorana states in 1D superconducting nanowires, Fermi arcs in 3D Weyl semimetals...). The last application (resilience of Fermi arcs to disorder) combines all the algorithms that were introduced in this thesis
Ben, Yahia Hamed. "Intégralité classique et quantique de quelques systèmes dynamiques". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077048.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the study of the integrability of some dynamical Systems. In a first job, we've got a new family (enumerable) of integrable Systems on the sphere S ^2 wich genralizes the Neumann System. In a second job, on metrics called muticenter with integrable géodésie flow, we've show that they do belong to the Bianchi A metrics. Among them, those for Bianchi Vl_0 and Vll_0 seemed to be non-diagonal, but we've prove that in those two cases, apropriates coordinates changes allow to diagonalize them. Finally, for the Bianchi II metric we have highlighted the existence, in classical level, of a new W-algebra for conserved observables. Those two works, have been published in journals, but we've include in the thesis, two other works for which we have not obtain general solutions and that will lead to publications. -Construction of multi-center metrics in the Bianchi B classes. -Construction, in dimension 2, of all Stäckel Systems that do have an extra conserved quadratic quatity. In the first case we have been able to solve the problem for Bianchi B III, and for the second we have only been able to get particular solutions
Boulay, Sanae. "Jonctions hybrides supraconductrices-semiconductrices vers la manipulation d'états corrélés". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112323.
Texto completoWe have studied superconductor/ ballistic normal metal hybrid junctions, with GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction for the normal part, and indium for the superconductor part. This system allows, thanks to its long coherence length and the possibility to use a gate, to investigate the manipulation of correlated pair in the normal part : a new approach of quantum bits. We have set up a process to make SN junctions with very good transparencies, within mesoscopic dimensions, using diffused indium. The essential problem was the inhomogeneity of indium diffusion. We have characterized the interface with different types of transport measurements at very low temperature. We have shown that, in one hand indium diffuses in a directional way, and on the other hand, it is neither a diffusive junction nor a dirty one, but a tunnel junction with a small number of channels taking part of the conduction. We have shown the presence of a disordered region near the interface which spread on a few hundreds of nanometers. The presence of diffused indium filaments has been corroborated by the observation of a supercurrent carried by the filaments in short SNS junctions. We have finaly achieved a first tentative of manipulation of Cooper pairs with the aim of a QPC : we have observed conductance plateaus versus the gate voltage, with a height divided by two when applying a weak magnetic field
Leghtas, Zaki. "Préparation et stabilisation de systèmes quantiques". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00740115.
Texto completoGallego, Samy. "Modélisation Mathématique et Simulation Numérique de Systèmes Fluides Quantiques". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00218256.
Texto completoNous avons donc commencé dans le chapitre I par proposer une discrétisation du plus simple de ces modèles qu'est le modèle de Dérive-Diffusion Quantique sur un domaine fermé. Puis nous avons décidé dans le chapitre II et III d'appliquer ce modèle au transport d'électrons dans les semiconducteurs en choisissant comme dispositif ouvert la diode à effet tunnel résonnant. Ensuite nous nous sommes intéressés au chapitre IV à l'étude et l'implémentation du modèle d'Euler Quantique Isotherme, avant de s'attaquer aux modèles non isothermes dans le chapitre V avec l'étude des modèles d'Hydrodynamique Quantique et de Transport d'Énergie Quantique. Enfin, le chapitre VI s'intéresse à un problème un petit peu différent en proposant un schéma asymptotiquement stable dans la limite semi-classique pour l'équation de Schrödinger écrite dans sa formulation fluide: le système de Madelung.
Schenck, Emmanuel. "Systèmes quantiques ouverts et méthodes semi-classiques". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066688.
Texto completoCresson, Jacky. "Propriétés d'instabilité des systèmes Hamiltoniens proches de systèmes intégrables". Observatoire de Paris, 1997. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02071388.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to study instability properties of near-integrable Hamiltoniens systems, in particular Arnold’s diffusion. We first describe the phase-space near a partially hyperbolic torus and along a transition chain. We prove that hyperbolic tori, which come from the destruction of resonant tori, are transition tori. We then show that transvers homoclinic partially hyperbolic tori possess a symbolic dynamics. These results allow us to prove the existence of instability’s orbits along a chain as well as periodic orbits of arbitrarily hight period as conjectured by Homes-Marsden. Second, we estimate the time of drift along a chain by geometrical methods. We precise the role of the splitting size, ergodisation time… We prove that for initially hyperbolic Hamiltonian systems this time of drift is polynomial. Our method is general and applies on abstract chain of tori, which is not the case of variational methods. Last, we apply our result on specific examples. We first describe a class of systems, which always possess transition chain. We then show that this class contains a lot of classical systems as the three body problem, Rydberg’s atom…
Augier, Nicolas. "Contrôle adiabatique des systèmes quantiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX042/document.
Texto completoThe main purpose of the thesis is to study the links between the singularities of the spectrum of a controlled quantum Hamiltonian and the controllability issues of the associated Schr"odinger equation.The principal issue that is developed is how to control a parameter-dependent family of quantum systems with a common control input. This problem of ensemble controllability is linked to the design of a robust control strategy when a parameter (a resonance frequency or a control field inhomogeneity for instance) is unknown, and is an important issue for experimentalists.Thanks to the study one-parametric families of Hamiltonians and their generic singularities, we give an explicit control strategy for the ensemble controllability problem when geometric conditions on the spectrum of the Hamiltonian are satisfied. The result is based on adiabatic approximation theory and on the presence of curves of conical eigenvalue intersections of the controlled Hamiltonian. The proposed technique works for systems evolving both in finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces. Then we study the problem of ensemble controllability under less restrictive hypotheses on the spectrum, namely the presence of non-conical singularities. Under generic conditions such non-conical singularities are not present for single systems, but appear for one-parametric families of systems.For the study of a single system, we focus on a class of curves in the space of controls, called the non-mixing curves (defined in cite{Bos}), that can optimize the adiabatic dynamics near conical and non-conical intersections. They are linked to the geometry of the eigenspaces of the controlled Hamiltonian and the adiabatic approximation holds with higher precision along them.We propose to study the compatibility of the adiabatic approximation with the rotating wave approximation. Such approximations are usually done in cascade by physicists. My work shows that this is justified for finite dimensional quantum systems only under certain conditions on the time scales. We also study ensemble control issues in this case
Cardona, Sanchez Gerardo. "Stabilisation exponentielle des systèmes quantiques soumis à des mesures non destructives en temps continu". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM032/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we develop control methods to stabilize quantum systems in continuous-time subject to quantum nondemolition measurements. In open-loop such quantum systems converge towards a random eigenstate of the measurement operator. The role of feedback is to prepare a prescribed eigenstate with unit probability. The novel element to achieve this is the introduction of an exogenous Brownian motion to drive the control actions. By using standard stochastic Lyapunov techniques, we show global exponential stability of the closed-loop dynamics. We explore as well the design of the control layer for a quantum error correction scheme in continuous-time. Another theme of interest is towards the implementation of efficiently computable control laws in experimental settings. In this direction, we propose the use control laws and of reduced-order filters which only track classical characteristics of the system, corresponding to the populations on the measurement eigenbasis. The formulation of these reduced filters is important to address the scalability issues of the filter posed by the advancement of quantum technologies
Jussiau, Etienne. "Dynamique des systèmes quantiques ouverts : un niveau quantique discret fortement couplé à un continuum avec une structure de bandes". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY032.
Texto completoFollowing the technological advances of the Industrial Revolution, classical thermodynamics was developed in the 19th century in order to understand the conversion of heat into work in newly designed machines. The works of Boltzmann brought another conceptual revolution with statistical mechanics. He demonstrated the microscopical origin of the laws of thermodynamics which actually only describe the macroscopic behaviour of systems in which local thermalization is faster than all other timescales. However, following the growing interest for nanotechnologies, it is now possible to manipulate microscopic systems in which thermalization is slower than the timescales for electron flow. A major technological advance in this field stems from the use of quantum dots, nanoscale devices which confine electrons on such small scales that they spread on discrete energy levels. It is then essential to take into account quantum effects for the study of this type of systems, that is to say to design theoretical tools combining thermodynamics and quantum mechanics.Problems of quantum thermodynamics are often tackled in the framework of the theory of open quantum systems. The general idea of this formalism is to study the dynamics of a “small” quantum system when it is coupled to another much bigger representing the environment. One can then show that the time evolution of the small system can be described by a master equation in the limit where it is weakly coupled to the environment. However, it intuitively seems that the power output of machine would be higher in the context of strong coupling.For problems of electronic transport, the Landauer-Büttiker formalism allows to describe the strong-coupling regime. In this framework, electrons are assumed to solely undergo elastic scattering processes in the central system. All the thermoelectric properties of the machine can then be characterized thanks to the transmission properties of the scatterer. However, this formalism has an important limitation; it ignores the band structure of the reservoirs.Here we have chosen to adopt a different viewpoint to tackle the strong-coupling regime by studying an exactly soluble model. We therefore analyze the Fano-Anderson model describing a discrete level coupled to a continuum. We are particularly interested by the influence of the reservoirs’ band structure. One can indeed show that, under certain conditions, discrete bound states appear in the band gaps of the reservoirs. This state play an important rôle on the dynamics of the discrete at long times: their contribution depends on the initial preparation of the system and gives rise to persistent oscillations of the occupation of the discrete level.We start by deriving the exact solution of the model especially focusing on its long-time behaviour. We then analyze two special cases. First, we study the transport properties of a single-level quantum dot coupled to a semiconductor with single a band gap. A bound state appears in this gap when the coupling to the reservoir exceeds a critical value. We show that this greatly affects the transport properties of the device. We then study the case of reservoirs described by a tight-binding model which density of states consists of a single finite-range energy band. We show that a discrete level coupled to such reservoir behaves like a many-level system as its local density of states and transmission function exhibits multiple resonances
Dridi, Ghassen. "Contrôle quantique adiabatique : technique de passage adiabatique parallèle et systèmes dissipatifs". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692406.
Texto completoLiu, Kaipeng. "Contrôle quantique optimal et robuste dans des systèmes de petite dimension". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK045.
Texto completoOptimal control theory (OCT) is the basic and comprehensive method to obtain the optimal solutions of quantum systems controlled by external fields. It provides a powerful set of tools and concepts. One of the goals of the thesis is to design the technique of OCT in two- and three-state quantum systems taking into account losses and robustness, which is of primary importance for the implementation of control techniques in a broad class of platforms.Based on inverse-engineering techniques and the Pontryagin maximum principle (PMP), we establish and test the different optimal strategies showing how to control the transfer in three-level quantum systems considering energy- and time-minimum optimal solutions taking into account losses. These results, in particular, show that the usual adiabatic passage in such systems, known as stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), which leads to imperfect transfer, can be made exact thus achieving stimulated Raman exact passage (STIREP) while reducing the energy and the duration costs respectively of the controls.We next combine robustness with optimization. Instead of using a direct optimization procedure from OCT, we develop a technique of geometric optimization that allows the derivation of optimal and robust solutions from an inverse optimization. The method named robust inverse optimization (RIO) allows one to obtain numerical trajectories that can be made as accurate as required. The method is versatile and can be applied to various types of errors and of quantum control problems
Zeitlin, Vadim. "Systemes Integrables en Mecanique Classique et Quantique". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001770.
Texto completoDhahri, Ameur. "Contributions aux approches hamiltonienne et markovienne des systèmes quantiques ouverts". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174273.
Texto completoPour décrire cette interaction, les physiciens et les mathématiciens utilisent souvent deux approches: l'approche markovienne et l'approche hamiltonienne.
Nous comparons systématiquement les approches hamiltonienne et markovienne dans les cas des modèles de spin-boson et de Pauli-Fierz. Ensuite, nous présentons un modèle lindbladien pour une chaîne de N spins couplée à des bains thermiques. Puis, nous étudions le lien entre les interactions quantiques répétées et la limite de densité faible. Finalement, nous étudions les propriétés des équations d'évolutions discrètes associées aux modèles d'interactions répétées, qui sont dirigées par des bruits discrets classiques.
Six, Pierre. "Estimation d'état et de paramètres pour les systèmes quantiques ouverts". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM019/document.
Texto completoIn recent years, the scientifical community has succeeded in experimentally building simple quantum systems on which series of measurements are successively acquired along quantum trajectories, without any reinitialization of their state (density operator) by the physicist. The subject of this thesis is to adapt the quantum tomography techniques (state and parameters estimation) to this frame, in order to take into account the feedback of the measurement on the state, the decoherence and experimental imperfections.During the measurement process, the evolution of the quantum state is then governed by a hidden-state Markov process (Belavkin quantum filters). Concerning continuous-time measurements, we begin by showing how to discretize the stochastic master equation, while preserving the positivity and the trace of the quantum state, and so reducing to discrete-time quantum filters. Then, we develop,starting from trajectories of discrete-time measurements, some maximum-likelihood estimation techniques for initial state and parameters. This estimation is coupled with its confidence interval. When it concerns the value of parameters (quantum process tomography), we provide a result of robustness using the formalism of particular filters, and we propose a maximization technique based on the calculus of gradient by adjoint method, which is well adapted to the multi-parametric case. When the estimation concerns the initial state (quantum state tomography), we give an explicit formulation of the likelihood function thanks to the adjoint states, show that its logarithm is a concave function of the initial state and build an intrinsic expression of the variance, obtained from asymptotic developments of Bayesian means, lying on the geometry of the space of density operators.These estimation techniques have been applied and experimentally validated for two types of quantum measurements: discrete-time non-destructive measurements of photons in the group of cavity quantum electro-dynamics of LKB at Collège de France, diffusive measurements of the fluorescence of a supra-conducting qubit in the quantum electronics group of LPA at ENS Paris
Pomeransky, Andrei A. "Intrication et imperfections dans le calcul quantique". Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30132.
Texto completoQuantum information is a new domain of physics, which studies the applications of quantum systems to the computation and to the information transmission. The quantum computers use the lows of quantum mechanics to perform the calculations much more efficiently than all currently existing computers can. The quantum computers will be influenced by all kinds of perturbations. We study, in the case of two very different quantum computations, the efficiency of the quantum computers in the presence of the static imperfections. One of the fundamental reasons of the extraordinary efficiency of the quantum computers is the effect of quantum entanglement. In the present thesis we study certain important properties of a widely used quantitative measure of entanglement. We consider also the average informational entropy of quantum states, find an explicit expression for this quantity and study some its most important properties
Atas, Yasar Yilmaz. "Quelques aspects du chaos quantique dans les systèmes de N-corps en interaction : chaînes de spins quantiques et matrices aléatoires". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112221/document.
Texto completoMy thesis is devoted to the study of some aspects of many body quantum interacting systems. In particular we focus on quantum spin chains. I have studied several aspects of quantum spin chains, from both numerical and analytical perspectives. I addressed especially questions related to the structure of eigenfunctions, the level densities and the spectral properties of spin chain Hamiltonians. In this thesis, I first present the basic numerical techniques used for the computation of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of spin chain Hamiltonians. Level densities of quantum models are important and simple quantities that allow to characterize spectral properties of systems with large number of degrees of freedom. It is well known that the level densities of most integrable models tend to the Gaussian in the thermodynamic limit. However, it appears that in certain limits of coupling of the spin chain to the magnetic field and for finite number of spins on the chain, one observes peaks in the level density. I will show that the knowledge of the first two moments of the Hamiltonian in the degenerate subspace associated with each peak give a good approximation to the level density. Next, I study the statistical properties of the eigenvalues of spin chain Hamiltonians. One of the main achievements in the study of the spectral statistics of quantum complex systems concerns the universal behaviour of the fluctuation of measure such as the distribution of spacing between two consecutive eigenvalues. These fluctuations are very well described by the theory of random matrices but the comparison with the theoretical prediction generally requires a transformation of the spectrum of the Hamiltonian called the unfolding procedure. For many-body quantum systems, the size of the Hilbert space generally grows exponentially with the number of particles leading to a lack of data to make a proper statistical study. These constraints have led to the introduction of a new measure free of the unfolding procedure and based on the ratio of consecutive level spacings rather than the spacings themselves. This measure is independant of the local level density. By following the Wigner surmise for the computation of the level spacing distribution, I obtained approximation for the distribution of the ratio of consecutive level spacings by analyzing random 3x3 matrices for the three canonical ensembles. The prediction are compared with numerical results showing excellent agreement. Finally, I investigate eigenfunction statistics of some canonical spin-chain Hamiltonians. Eigenfunctions together with the energy spectrum are the fundamental objects of quantum systems: their structure is quite complicated and not well understood. Due to the exponential growth of the size of the Hilbert space, the study of eigenfunctions is a very difficult task from both analytical and numerical points of view. I demonstrate that the groundstate eigenfunctions of all canonical models of spin chain are multifractal, by computing numerically the Rényi entropy and extrapolating it to obtain the multifractal dimensions
Viennot, David. "Géométrie et adiabaticité des systèmes photodynamiques quantiques". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011145.
Texto completoSciolla, Bruno. "Dynamique quantique hors-équilibre et systèmes désordonnés pour des atomes ultrafroids bosoniques". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00734641.
Texto completoMessio, Laura. "Etats fondamentaux et excitations de systèmes magnétiques frustrés, du classique au quantique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523976.
Texto completoSabri, Mostafa. "Étude de la localisation pour des systèmes désordonnés sur un graphe quantique". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001715.
Texto completoSabri, Mostafa. "Etude de la localisation pour des systèmes désordonnés sur un graphe quantique". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077022.
Texto completoThis work is devoted to the study of some spectral properties of random Schrödinger operators. It is divided into two parts : 1. A study of localization for multi-particle systems on quantum graphs. 2. An abstract formulation of some Wegner estimates, followed by a list of applications for concrete models. In Chapter 1 we try to introduce the problems and the results of this thesis in an elementary way. The first part occupies chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 2 essentially reproduces our article "Anderson Localization for a multi-particle quantum graph" [97] on this subject. In Chapter 3 we discuss some additional properties of our model, and we give alternative proofs to some results of Chapter 2. The second part occupies chapters 4 and 5. Chapter 4 essentially reproduces our article "Some abstract Wegner estimates with applications" [98]. In Chapter 5 we continue the study of Wegner estimates by giving more abstract theorems in Section 5. 2 and yet more applications in Section 5. 3. We conclude with two appendices A and B. In the first one we explain the theory of generalized eigenfunction expansions in great detail. In Appendix B, we prove some classical resutls usedin the text
Mangaud, Etienne. "Dynamique quantique de transferts d'électron dans des systèmes environnés à fort couplage". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30077/document.
Texto completoElectron transfer reactions are at stake in several chemical, biological or photochemical processes of great interest as, for instance, photovoltaic technology or photosynthesis where they are rarely isolated. Furthermore, experimental results show that quantum phenomena, notably superpositions of states or coherences, can persist on the time scale of the electron transfer even in the presence of an environment. In this work, electron transfer is studied in three types of molecular systems. The first one is an intermolecular transfer in an oligothiophene-fullerene heterojonction modelling a charge separation interface for future organic photovoltaic devices. The second one is an intramolecular transfer in mixed-valence organic compounds where the bridge effect of an increasing n-paraphenylens chain is studied on aromatic polymers with donor-acceptor sites (1-4,dimethoxy-3-methylphenylens). The third one is an intermolecular transfer in a tryptophan chain of a cryptochrome chromoprotein. In all these cases, a special attention is given to realistic modelling. In this context, it is crucial to define carefully the partition between the degrees of freedom, in particular amongst those implied in the transfer and those qualified to be part of an environment. To this end, a Hamiltonian describing a donor-acceptor electronic system coupled to a bath of harmonic oscillators is parameterized using the constrained DFT method (cDFT). The oscillators' bath is described by a normal mode analysis or via the electronic gap fluctuation obtained by QM/MM calculations. The systems under study turn out to be strongly coupled, and structured which requires to explore non-conventional strategies. In a model environment constituted of a finite number of oscillators treated explicitly, the dynamics is performed by multidimensional quantum propagation methods such as the multi-layer multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method (ML-MCTDH). In the dissipative approach, where the bath acts only by its statistical properties, it is mandatory to turn to non-perturbative methods such as the hierarchical equations of motion approach. Apart from these exact approaches, an alternative strategy consists in carrying out a change of coordinates in order to define a collective bath mode included in the electronic system, which itself is coupled to a secondary bath. The dynamical propagation can then be done by an approximated quantum master equation using perturbation theory. As main results, we show in detail the domain of validity of the different methods presented and explain the dynamical behaviour of the different cases leading to an easy delocalization or a trapping of the charge. Hence, we show that the methodology applied in model systems are well suited for the analysis of the mutual interplay between the charge transfer and nuclear deformations, a prototypical situation in many important chemical and biological processes
Calborean, Adrian. "Modélisation par la chimie quantique des systèmes hybrides pour des mémoires moléculaires". Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10166.
Texto completoThe general context ofthis work is the development ofnew electronic devices that utilize charge storage properties of redox-active molecules for memory applications. A collaborative approach involving both fundamental research in our laboratory and applied research teams from the CEAILETI has lead to the design of hybrid systems for molecular memories. Monolayers of redox-active molecules are formed on the semiconductor Si surface and the stable charged states of the molecules are utilized to store information. Our purpose was to understand the main parameters (molecule, )jnker) which govern the charge transfer between semiconducting Si surface and redox molecules and the electrical behaviour of such systems. The main objective ofthis thesis has thus been to develop Density Functional Theory approaches to describe the electronic properties of redox-active molecules and hybrid systems for the purpose of information storage. The first axis was dedicated to the modeling of redox processes of molecules such as metalloporphyrins with bistability properties. The second part was devoted to the study of redox-active molecules grafted on Si surface. Due to the hybrid nature of the latter systems, two approaches were developed. One was based on a molecular description, using Si aggregates in place of a Si surface, yielding a molecular orbital description of sorne relevant features: Homo-Lumo gaps, charge localization or structural properties. The other approach was focused on periodical calculations, with molecules grafted on 'infinite' Si surface. The resulting DOS were compared to molecular results, and discussed in the light of experimental data on electrical properties
Kontz, Cyrill. "Contrôle Optimal de la Dynamique Dissipative de Systèmes Quantiques". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325098.
Texto completoForestier, Guillaume. "Transport quantique dans les verres de spins". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY023/document.
Texto completoThe experiments presented in this thesis associate two fields of condensed matter physic, on the one hand with the spin glass physic and the other hand with the mesoscopic physic. The spin glass state is one of the most emblematic of disordered and frustred system and at low temperature, it is caracterized by an unconventionel order where the magnetic disorder is quenched. Moroever, it is considered as a model system for glasses in general and thereby it has been extensively studied, both experimentally and theoreticlly. After extensive research efforts, the description of fundamental state of the system has lead towards two well different approaches. The first, given by the mean field solution, highlights a fundamental composed of mulitple states organised and hierarchical. The second, called droplet model is based on the off--equilibrium dynamic of a unique ground state. However, despite these contributions, the understanding ot this phase is far from being complete and the nature of the ground state still remains an open question. In a mesoscopic conductor, the transport of electron is coherent: electrons keep the memory of their phase, so that one can observe interference effects. The main motivation of this work is to use these interference effects in order to to probe the spin glass state. Indeed, as electronic interference depends of the position of the static disorder, coherent transport can be a useful tool to study the configuration of the microscopic disorder. Althought few coherent transport experiments exist to probe the spin glass, this field of research has very little explored. Nevertheless, this area has been a revival thanks to theoritical work, showing how coherent transport is sensitived to the quenched disorder and how it may provide informations of the nature of fundamental state of spin glass. So, this experimental work deals with the implementation of transport measurements in mesoscopic spin glasses. The first part of the study is focused on the general charateristics of classical and quatum transport of these system. We have examined the resistivity as a function of the temperature and magnetic field and we show that these mesoscopic systems have a spin glass-like behaviour. In a second part, we have focused on the low field magnetoresistivity. We show that it presents a strong hysteresis, whose the amplitude is strongly depends, both of the temperature in the glassy phase and sweeping rate of the magnetic field. We argue that this particular behaviour is related to the out off-equilibrium of the system and we show how the temperature and the sweeping rate control the deviation to the equilibrium. In this part, we also examine by transport measurements how the system relaxes towards the equilibrium just after its excitation. In addition, we present surprinsing transport propreties that we observed, resulting of experimental protocols more sophisticated in temperatures and magnetic fields
Bomble, Laëtitia. "Contrôle de la dynamique de systèmes complexes : Application à l'information quantique et classique". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112087.
Texto completoThis thesis is dedicated to the study and research of new ways of implementing and manipulating information on quantum systems. On such systems, the usual (classical) logic can be used, improving size and duration, or a new logic (quantum) using quantum properties of this systems can be developed allowing new logic operations. The systems used are here eigen states of molecules. In the order of mapped information in such systems, we need to be able to manipulate their dynamics, here we use a laser field designed to make a determined transformation on the molecule (pi-pulse or STIRAP pulses designed by genetic algorithms or pulses generated by optimal control). The goal of this thesis was to search quantum systems among the molecules to be used as candidates for classical and quantum computation and to modelize on them logic gates with various implementations and ways of control. On the classical computation aspect, a simulation of a full adder by a STIRAP process on sulfur dioxide has been made and so a realization of a classical gate on a quantum system has been proposed. On the quantum computation aspect, some circuits has been implemented by vibrational computing on bromoacetyl chloride on nitrous acid and on thiophosgene controlled by optimal control. The utilization on a network of ultra-cold trapped diatomic molecules coupled by dipolar interaction has also been studied
Saberi, Fathi Seyed Majid. "Entropy in classical chaotic Systems and lifetime in the unstable quantum Systems". Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077089.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we first study Lorentz gas as a billiard bail with elastic collision with the obstacles and a System of hard spheres in 2-dimensions. We study a numerical simulation of the dynamical System and we investigate the entropy increasing in non-equilibrium with time under the effect of collisions and its relation to positive Lyapunov exponent. Then, we study a decay model in a quantum System called Friedrichs rnodel. We consider coupling of the kaons and environment with continuous energies. Then, we show that this model well adapted in order to describe oscillation, regeneration, decay and CP violation of a kaonic system. In addition, we apply in the Friedrichs model, the time super-operator formalize that predicts the resonance, i. E. The survival probability of the instable states
Yalkinoglu, T. Bora. "Sur l'arithmétique des systèmes de Bost-Connes". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066609.
Texto completoChenel, Aurélie. "Dynamique et contrôle de systèmes quantiques ouverts". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061945.
Texto completoMonastra, Alejandro Gabriel. "Fluctuations quantiques dans les systèmes fermioniques de taille finie". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112255.
Texto completoWe investigate the probability distribution of the quantum fluctuations of thermodynamic functions of finite, ballistic, phase-coherent Fermi gases. Depending on the chaotic or integrable nature of the underlying classical dynamics, on the thermodynamic function considered, and on temperature, we find that the probability distributions are dominated either (i) by the local fluctuations of the single-particle spectrum on the scale of the mean level spacing, or (ii) by the long-range modulations of that spectrum produced by the short periodic orbits. In case (i) the probability distributions are computed using the appropriate local universality class, uncorrelated levels for integrable systems and random matrix theory for chaotic ones. In case (ii) all the moments of the distributions can be explicitly computed in terms of periodic orbit theory, and are system-dependent, non-universal, functions. The dependence on temperature and number of particles of the fluctuations is explicitly computed in all cases, and the different relevant energy scales are displayed. .
Parmentier, François. "Short-time Hanbury-Brown and Twiss correlation of a single-electron beam in ballistic conductors". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066500.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the study of current correlation of single-electron beams in a ballistic quantum conductor. A mesoscopic capacitor is used as an on-demand single electron source to emit single charges in a quantum Hall effect edge channel. When driven by a large high-frequency excitation voltage, the source periodically emits a single electron followed by a single hole, thus generating a quantized AC current in units of 2ef0, where f0 is the drive frequency. We have measured the autocorrelation of the current fluctuations emitted by the source, putting into light a fundamental high-frequency noise limit, called quantum jitter, which is the signature of single particle emission. The measurements are in excellent agreement with both a heuristic model describing the mesoscopic capacitor as a perfect emitter, and more sophisticated time-dependent scattering model. We have also measured the autocorrelation of the current fluctuations after partition by a quantum point contact acting as an electronic beam-splitter. This geometry is the electronic analog of the quantum optics Hanbury-Brown and Twiss experiment, allowing to characterize the accuracy of single-particle emission. In a ballistic conductor, this geometry furthermore allows to measure the number of excitations generated per cycle, as well as to measure their energy distribution. These two experiments are the first realizations of single-charge electron quantum optics experiments, paving the way to more complex experiments such as two-particle collisions and single charge tomography
Bocquillon, Erwann. "Electron quantum optics in quantum Hall edge channels". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066692.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the implementation of quantum optics experiments in a ballistic quantum conductor, with single charge resolution. A mesoscopic capacitor produces on-demand single-electron excitations in the outermost edge channel of quantum Hall effect. We measure current fluctuations after partitioning of excitations on an electronic beamsplitter, in analogy with the Hanbury-Brown & Twiss experiment, so as to unveil neutral excitations (electron/holes pairs) that can accompany the emission of the charge. Thermal excitations in the Fermi sea are then responsible for two-particle interferences that yield information on the energy distribution of the generated quasiparticles. Using two independent and synchronized sources, we generate two indistinguishable quasiparticles that interfere on a beamsplitter as in the Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment. The visibility of this phenomenon could be limited by decoherence of the wavepackets due to interactions with the environment and especially with other co-propagating edge channels. By measuring the capacitive coupling between two co-propagating edge channels, we characterize the effects of Coulomb interaction on propagation and highlight a neutral mode of propagation. These experiments constitute the first implementations of electron quantum optics experiments with single charges. They pave the way to more complex experiments such as the tomography of a mono-electronic wavepacket
Dombrowski, Nicolas. "Contribution à la théorie mathématique du transport quantique dans les systèmes de Hall". Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578272.
Texto completoUnn-Toc, Wesley. "Dynamique quantique de systèmes atomiques et moléculaires dans des agrégats de gaz rares". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739638.
Texto completoUnn-Toc, Wesley. "Dynamique quantique de systèmes atomiques et moléculaires dans des agrégats de gaz rares". Phd thesis, Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1674/.
Texto completoThis thesis presents some methods of numerical simulations based on Multi-Configuration Time Dependent Hartree (MCTDH) method, designed for the description of quantum dynamics of atomic and molecular species embbeded in rare gas clusters. We studied, in particular the quantum effects on dissociation and capture cross section of neon clusters. We found out that, in case of dissociation, lifetimes are about 1-2 order of magnitude larger when quantum dynamics is used instead of classical one. Moreover, the capture cross section is found to be higher and less sensitive to an increase of the internal energy of the clusters in quantum simulations. Besides, we also studied the quantum dynamics of solid neon upon the photo-excitation of embbeded nitrogen monoxyde with a reduced dimensionality MCTDH method and a full dimensional mean field method (G-TDH). Several observables are systematically compared in order to check the validity of the latter method in the perspective of future applications for which reduction of dimensionality is questionable and MCTDH calculations are out of reach
Monsel, Juliette. "Thermodynamique quantique et optomécanique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY051.
Texto completoThermodynamics was developed in the 19th century to study steam engines using the cyclical transformations of a working substance to extract heat from thermal baths and convert it into work, possibly stored in a battery. This applied science eventually led to the development of fundamental concepts such as irreversibility. Quantum thermodynamics aims at revisiting these results when the working substances, baths and batteries become quantum systems. Its results are still mainly theoretical. This thesis therefore propose methods to measure work in situ, directly inside the battery, and demonstrate the potential of two platforms to pave the way to the experimental exploration of this fast-growing field.First, I studied hybrid optomechanical systems which consist of a qubit coupled to the electromagnetic field on the one hand, and to a mechanical resonator on the other hand. The qubit's transition frequency is modulated by the vibrations of the mechanical system that exerts in this way a force on the qubit. The mechanical degree of freedom exchanges work with the qubit and therefore behaves like a dispersive battery, i.e. whose natural frequency is very different from the one of the qubit's transition. Finally, the electromagnetic field plays the role of the bath. I showed that the fluctuations of the mechanical energy are equal to the fluctuations of work, which allows the direct measurement of entropy production. As a result, hybrid optomechanical systems are promising for experimentally testing fluctuation theorems in open quantum systems. In addition, I studied optomechanical energy conversion. I showed that a hybrid optomechanical system can be considered as an autonomous and reversible thermal machine allowing either to cool the mechanical resonator or to build a coherent phonon state starting from thermal noise.Secondly, I showed that a two-stroke quantum engine extracting work from a single, non-thermal, bath can be made. The qubit is embedded in a one-dimensional waveguide and the battery is the waveguide mode of same frequency as the qubit's transition. Therefore, this is a resonant battery, unlike in the previous case. First, the qubit is coupled to the engineered bath, source of energy and coherence, that makes it relax in a experimentally controllable superposition of energy states. Secondly, the bath is disconnected and work is extracted by driving the qubit with a resonant coherent field. This kind of system, called one-dimensional atom, can be implemented in superconducting or semiconducting circuits. The coherence of the qubit's state improves the performances of this engine both in the regime of classical drive, where a large number of photons is injected in the battery, and in the quantum drive regime of low photon numbers.This thesis evidences the potential of hybrid optomechanical systems and one-dimensional atoms to explore experimentally on the one hand, irreversibility and fluctuation theorems, and on the other hand, the role of coherence in work extraction
Collura, Mario. "Aspects hors de l'équilibre de systèmes quantiques unidimensionnels fortement corrélés". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0009/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis we have addressed some open questions on the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of closed one-dimensional quantum systems. In recent years, advances in experimental techniques have revitalized the theoretical research in condensed matter physics and quantum optics. We have treated three different subjects using both numerical and analytical techniques. As far as the numerical techniques are concerned, we have used essentially exact diagonalization methods, the adaptive time-dependent density-matrix renormalization-group algorithm (t-DMRG) and the Lanczos algorithm. At first, we studied the adiabatic quantum dynamics of a quantum system close to a critical point. We have demonstrated that the presence of a confining potential strongly affects the scaling properties of the dynamical observables near the quantum critical point. The mean excitation density and the energy excess, after the crossing of the critical point, follow an algebraic law as a function of the sweeping rate with an exponent that depends on the space-time properties of the potential. After that, we have studied the behavior of ultra-cold bosons in a tilted optical lattice. Starting with the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, in the limit of Hard-Core bosons, we have developed a hydrodynamic theory that exactly reproduces the temporal evolution of some of the observables of the system. In particular, it was observed that part of the boson density remains trapped, and oscillates with a frequency that depends on the slope of the potential, whereas the remaining packet part is expelled out of the ramp. We have also analyzed the dynamics of the Bose-Hubbard model using the tDMRG algorithm and the Lanczos algorithm. In this way we have highlighted the role of the non-integrability of the model on its dynamical behavior. Finally, we have addressed the issue of thermalization in an extended quantum system. Starting from quite general considerations, we have introduced the notion of out-of-equilibrium temperature profile in a chain of Hard-Core bosons. We have analyzed the dynamics of the temperature profile and especially its scaling properties
Retegan, Marius. "Études de systèmes organométalliques et biologiques par des méthodes hybrides mécanique quantique/mécanique moléculaire". Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10029.
Texto completoIn the recent years the hybrid QM/MM methods, which combine the quantum mechanics (QM) with molecular mechanics (MM), have emerged as a promising route for studying complex biological and chemical systems containing more than a few hundreds atoms. In the present manuscript we showed their advantages and shortcomings in studying various problems, ragging from the modelization of phosphine ligands, enzymatic reactivity of the purple acid phosphatase and the modelization of protein-ligand interaction between the casein kinase 2 protein and its inhibitors
Ln the recent years the hybrid QM/MM methods, which combine the quantum mechanics (QM) with molecular mechanics (MM), have emerged as a promising route for studying complex biological and chemical systems containing more than a few hundreds atoms. Ln the present manu script we showed their advantages and short-comings in studying various problems, ragging from the modelization ofphosphine ligands, enzymatic reactivity of the purple acid phosphatase and the modelization of protein-ligand interaction between the casein kinase 2 protein and its inhibitors. The first study has allowed us to evaluate how the position of the QM-MM borderinfluences the electronic structure and the geometrical parameters of the phosphine ligands commonly used in the Pauson-Khand reaction. Subsequently, the influence of the protein environment on the reactivity of purple acid phosphatase was studied by employing a QM/MM method. Finally, in the last study, we proposed an original methodology for description of the interaction energy between a protein and an inhibitor. The method was tested and validated on different inhibitors of the casein kinase 2 protein. This allowed us to explain the results obtained by a virtual screening of the DCM chemicallibrary
Mirrahimi, Mazyar. "Dynamique et contrôle des systèmes quantiques". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001610.
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