Tesis sobre el tema "Système de tarification"
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Hamamy, Ghalia. "Le choix d'un système de régulation dans les services publics : le cas de l'eau au Liban". Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100063.
Texto completoCountries are reforming their water public utilities in order to introduce a new regulatory system called Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). IWRM may be centralized, decentralized or in-between. What is the dynamic behind this rationale?We will examine the contributions of religion, law, economics, political science and management to regulation. These contributions shall be combined with those of neo-institutional and bureaucracy theories in order to create some regulatory tools such as yardstick competition, ring fencing competition and price-cap regulation.We will also study public service, public utility and universal service. We will also examine water, gas, electricity and telecommunications characteristics in order to highlight the water utility specificities.We will use grounded theories and analytic narrative elements in studying in-depth the water public utility regulation in two countries with reference models, in six countries with hybrid models and two international reference hybrid models. A qualitative model with core and ancillary dynamics will be sketched.Quantitative techniques will confirm/infirm this dynamic through a questionnaire that will be tested on a database consisting of 106 countries in order to produce a quantitative model of this dynamic.Finally, the qualitative and quantitative models will be compared in order to produce a final model of water public utility dynamics of regulation which will be theoretically discussed
Richard, Blanche Nirina. "Etude de l'évolution de l'administration de l'hôpital à Madagascar : évaluation des Systèmes de Recouvrement des Coûts des CHR de Toamasina et de Toliara, du CHU de Mahajanga et du Cenhosoa". Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077263.
Texto completoCassou, Matthieu. "About the optimality of competition among health-care providers". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E024.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to study the potential effects of an increased competition between health-care providers on the allocative efficiency of the health-care system. In a theoretical framework it discusses the effect of competitive pressure considering the decentralization of treatment decisions, diagnostic tests’ performance, and the organization of care coverage. It is composed of an introduction and three chapters (essays), each of them focusingon a different aspect of the health-care system efficiency. Our findings globally suggest that the canonical effect of competition does not necessarily applies to the health-care market,and detail circumstances in which competition could degrade social welfare. The first chapter analyses the impact of competition on hospitals’ treatment praxis and their regulation through fixed-repayments. The second chapter details the regulation issues related to the incomplete nature of the information on patients’ illness before the decision to perform diagnostic tests.The last chapter of this thesis discusses the possible outcomes of the asymmetry of obligation of services between public and private competitors in an application to the home-care market for the elderly
Verdier, Marianne. "Interchanges et tarification des systèmes de paiement par carte". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005184.
Texto completoWaserhole, Ariel. "Optimisation des systèmes de véhicules en libre service par la tarification". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM049/document.
Texto completoOne way Vehicle Sharing Systems (VSS), in which users pick-up and return a vehicle in different places is a new type of transportation system that presents many advantages. However, even if advertising promotes an image of flexibility and price accessibility, in reality customers might not find a vehicle at the original station (which may be considered as an infinite price), or worse, a parking spot at destination. Since the first Bike Sharing Systems (BSS), problems of vehicles and parking spots availability have appeared crucial. We define the system performance as the number of trips sold (to be maximized). BSS performance is currently improved by vehicle relocation with trucks. Our scope is to focus on self regulating systems through pricing incentives, avoiding physical station balancing. The question we are investigating in this thesis is the following: Can a management of the incentives increases significantly the performance of the vehicle sharing systems?
Hinard, Yoann. "Sécurisation et tarification de la diffusion de contenu en multicast". Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1766.
Texto completoIP multicast is an effective way to distribute vidéo content to large group of receivers. This technology is now widely used in the closed and private networks of the telecoms operators. However, IP multicast is not widely deployed over the Internet which is by nature an open network. In this thesis, we deal with two issues preventing wide deployment of IP multicast : ability to perform accounting and access control, and ability to secure the content distributed to large groups. We define a generic Authentication, Authorization and Accounting architecture for multicast content distribution which is based on the Diameter base protocol standardized by the IETF. We also define a new hash-code chaining scheme which allow to amortize the overhead of a digital signature on many other packets. This scheme allows data origin authentication and non-repudiation even with high packet loss ratio
Baranès, Edmond. "Tarification, différenciation et concurrence dans les réseaux : une application au cas des télécommunications". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010052.
Texto completoIn this thesis we study the competition between telecommunications networks in a normative and positive views. We analyse more precisely firm's strategies. The first part of this thesis studies the liberalization in telecommunications (chapter 1). We present a survey of network economy (chapter 2). The second part of this thesis analyses the network interconnection in the case of one way access. We present a model of vertical differentiation in which the incumbent is vertically integrated. We study the strategy of the incumbent when he is faced with competitor in dowstream market (chapter 3). The chapter 4 present a model in wich we examine the strategic aspect of qualities choices. The next part of this thesis studies the network structure in dowstream. We examine network interconnection in a two way access with network externalities (chapter 5). The chapter 6 analyses the effects of congestion on network competition
Meinier, Bertrand. "La réforme des systèmes d'irrigation en Chine : évaluation des politiques de décentralisation et de tarification de l'eau". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25003/25003.pdf.
Texto completoSartor, Oliver. "Essays on climate policy, trade and competitiveness : three essays in applied environmental economics". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E058/document.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the nexus between climate change policy, international trade and competitiveness for energy-intensive trade-exposed industries (EITEs). In particular, it explores the question: Can climate policy be designed such that policy makers can do away with the concern that any serious attempt to decarbonise EITE sectors will lead to perverse results of offshoring of EITE production and emissions – a phenomenon known as “carbon leakage”? The thesis approaches this question by drawingin particular on the 10 years of experience of the EU with carbon pricing as the dominant tool for decarbonising EITE sectors. This is done in two steps. Firstly, by empirically evaluating existing EU policy solutions and asking whether the policies ultimately meet basic criteria for environmental effectiveness, economic efficiency, and policy coherence with respect to the long-term goals of EU climate mitigation. A number of important policy gaps and incoherencies are identified in this way that are of themselves interesting and of relevant to current policy settings. Secondly, this thesis takes a step back and questions and ultimately challenges the idea that the overarching policy framework of the EU– in particular the dominant role of the EU ETS carbon market – is sufficient for decarbonising these sectors in the longer term
Arnaud, Brice. "Politiques de tarification, stratégies de différenciation et gestion optimale des déchets ménagers". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40030/document.
Texto completoThis thesis examines the effectiveness of two instruments for the management of household waste : unit-pricing systems and extended producer responsibility. In a first step, we analyze the effectiveness of these two instruments using a general equilibrium model. In this model, all markets are competitive but waste disposal generates environmental damage which is the source of externalities. In the case of a unit-pricing systems as an extended producer responsibility, optimal pricing policy involves a marginal social cost of waste disposal. To internalize the cost of environmental damage, a landfill tax seems the most effective tool. In a second step, we analyze the effectiveness of social marginal cost pricing of waste management by assuming that the final market is not competitive. We represent this market by a duopoly with vertical product differentiation. Each firm produces a different quality of the same good, and consumers have different preferences for quality. In the case of an extended producer responsibility, the social marginal cost pricing of waste management does not decentralize the social optimum. An optimal policy involves the modulation of the cost that is borne by producers based on consumer preferences for quality
Boudemaghe, Thierry. "Elaboration d'un cadre méthodologique pour l'analyse de l'information médicale de la tarification à l'activité". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT022/document.
Texto completoMillions of computerized records describing inpatient hospitalization activity are produced year after year in France.In spite of the availability of this massive amount of data, no global, iterative and well calibrated related study on health system efficiency has been possible.There are of course many specific studies partially or totally relying on these data, but their systematic use for assessing hospital activity, catchment areas or population health needs remains to be implented.Our work aims to contribute to create a methodological framework for analyzing these data through a three step approach :- Definition of data consolidation methods ;- Creation of adequate data repositories ;- Determination of analysis methods for two general topics : hospital activity characterization and study, with example applications
Khene, Youcef. "Proposition de nouvelles approches de tarification de services IP dans des domaines mono et multi opérateurs : PBP et PiQ-BGP". Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EVRY0022.
Texto completoInternet pricing has been extensively studied in the literature; several solutions integrate pricing with network resources management. In this thesis, we propose a new Internet pricing scheme, called Profile Based Pricing. The uniqueness of our scheme is that in addition to network resources management, it integrates the customer behaviour with pricing. This will help differentiate pricing among users with different profiles; this will maximize resources utilisation and thus the revenues of the network providers. To enable the simulations and evaluation of pricing schemes, we developed a generic simulation platform that can be used to evaluate pricing schemes, called Pricing IP Service Simulator. Finally, we propose a new dynamic pricing mechanism, and an extension of inter-domains routing protocol (BGP) to exchange the price information between ISPs during establishment of they end-to-end QoS path ; the new protocol is called Pricing inter-domain traffic with QoS enhanced BGP
Omont, Nicolas. "La convergence des modularités structurelles et fonctionnelles des systèmes complexes". Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369892.
Texto completoCortina, Mélanie. "Fostering synergy between public transportation and autonomous mobility on demand : the prospects of regulation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vaulx-en-Velin, École nationale des travaux publics de l’État, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENTP0010.
Texto completoWith its ability to overcome common limitations of shared mobility, such as supply-demand imbalances, stochasticity in supply, and unaffordable rides, Autonomous Mobility on Demand (AMoD) could help face today's environmental challenges. But to prevent a too-high induced demand and increase the vehicle kilometers traveled, integrating AMoD and Public Transportation (PT) is required. However, the cooperation of AMoD and PT is not ensured, as shown by Uber's example. The main issue addressed in this thesis is how to regulate AMoD to foster cooperation with PT and achieve the benefits of intermodal AMoD. This question is tackled in two study cases: a transportation corridor and a large urban area. The work has three main objectives. First, it accounts for the benefits of a multimodal system based on the cooperation between PT and AMoD regarding efficiency, sustainability, and equity. Second, it aims at understanding the circumstances of cooperation/competition between PT and AMoD. The idea is to identify under which conditions AMoD cooperates or competes with PT and describe the associated mobility patterns. Third, we propose optimized means to realize the benefits of intermodal AMoD. It consists in optimizing the regulation strategies chosen for both case studies. In the corridor, we optimize the joint PT design and AMoD service disaggregation into fleets operating on geofenced coverage zones for the corridor. In the large city, we explore several pricing schemes affecting both travelers and autonomous vehicles
Paubel, Pascal. "Achats des produits du domaine pharmaceutique dans les établissements publics de santé : bilan au 30 novembre 2008 des réformes du code des marchés publics : de la tarification à l'activité et de la rétrocession". Lille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL20002.
Texto completoFrench public hospitals use for all purchases (works, supplies, services) the rules of public contracts. These procedures were modified in 2001, 2004 and 2006, with consequences for practices of hospitals buyers. This work presents fundamentals principles of procedures for public contracts and the organization of purchases in french public hospitals. The consequences of all procedures described by the directory of 1th August 2006 are analysed for supply of medicines and medical devices. This work presents also different modes of financing for medicines and medical devices after the reform of payments by results and the reform for distribution of medicines to ambulatory patients. Analysis of consequences of these reforms for purchase of medicines is suggested at November 2008
Benjamin, Laure. "Rôle de la tarification de l'activité des établissements de santé dans l'accès des patients aux traitements anticancéreux oraux : exemple du cancer du sein métastatique HER2+". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790326.
Texto completoMeyer, Christine. "La régulation de la diffusion des innovations dans le système de santé : l'exemple de l'imagerie médicale". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010028.
Texto completoThe developped countries aim at managing the health structures developpment and to limit the health expenditure growth induced by technical and medical innovations diffusion in the health system. So, they directly operate in the system. But the french policy (price fixing or budgeting system or investment control), is primarily organized to limit this diffusion. And it is not efficient. During the last ten years diagnostic imaging grew at the same rythm than the whole medical expenditures. Though investment is controlled, the ct-scanner's looks like if it was not. When the examinations are paid by unit, we argue that there are induced profits, while in hospitals with limited budget local deficits are hidded. Even if the system might be made more efficient by technical ways, those public actions have to be built on economical criteria and take in account conditions and effects of those diffusion, for example the learning costs and the externalities
Juven, Pierre-André. "Une santé qui compte ? : Coûts et tarifs dans la politique hospitalière française". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0045.
Texto completoHow costs and tariffs have become pivotal policy instruments to govern public hospitals in France since the early 1980's? What kind of controversies do they produce and what feedback effect do these controversies have on these instruments? These are the questions I propose to answer in this PhD dissertation by analysing the genealogy, the uses and the transformations of several policy devices: information system, cost accounting, budgetary regulation instrument and pricing payment system. Combining a sociology of policy instruments and science and technology studies, these devices are analysed in the multiple sites where they spread: ministry of Health, public agency, research centres in management studies, hospital federations, patients organizations and public hospitals. The dissertation exposes how these devices have turned public hospitals into accounting and financial entities. I specially focus on the pricing payment system (called T2A) which is analysed as a qualculation instrument as it qualifies and quantifies patients, stays in hospitals, diseases, and public hospital itself. The dissertation shows how this qualculation process produces metrological controversies in which actors put into question the way things are qualculated
Farhat, Soha. "Access Selection and Pricing in Multi-operator Wireless Networks". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S029/document.
Texto completoWe consider a roaming-based infrastructure sharing system, where multiple operators share their radio access in a multi-operator environment. Indeed, when the home operator of a user is unable to satisfy its constraints, because of lack of resources or QoS, a transaction event is triggered. It consists in transferring the considered user to another operator in order to access the service. Moreover, when there are more than two operators sharing their access, the user transfer process includes an access selection decision in order to choose the best operator for service. Furthermore, when a user is transferred, its home operator must pay some transaction cost as cooperation fees for the new service operator. This transaction is seamless to the user. Therefore, the inter-operators sharing agreement set for cooperation must include three important issues: the selection decision algorithm, the transaction cost pricing scenario, and the percentage of resources shared by each operator. In the first part, we introduce our selection decision algorithm in a multi-operator environment, NP-BPA (Nearest Performance and Best Profit Algorithm). It is based on a multi-criteria cost function which groups the different parameters that enable a satisfying selection decision, for the operators and users. In the second part, we study the transaction cost. We find rational that an operator sets its transaction cost as a function of its service price. We consider a sharing system of three partners, interacting to decide the best transaction cost. Taking into account that the service of a guest user may affect the probability of acceptance of a client, an operator looks for preserving the expected revenue from its client. Therefore, we propose the first pricing scenario, ACAG (As Client As Guest) that aims to set the transaction cost of an operator equal to its service price. However, every operator seeks to maximize its revenue; therefore it is expected to set a higher transaction cost. How much higher? This must respect the sharing agreement between different partners and the service prices they adopt. To be optimistic, we propose a second pricing scenario MIWC (Max In When Cooperating). With this scenario all partners agree to have a transaction cost equal to the highest service price announced in the system. But, this scenario may cause losses in some cases where an operator setting a low service price performs a lot of transactions. To be fair, we propose a third pricing scenario MCWC (Min Cost When Cooperating). With this scenario all partners agree to have a transaction cost equal to the lowest service price announced in the system. In order to decide the best pricing scenario to adopt in the sharing system, a two stage Stackelberg game, TPA (Transaction Pricing and Access Selection) game, is formulated. In this game, the operators are the players; the service operators are the leaders and the home operator of a transferred user is a follower. In the third part, we consider a three operator sharing system with hybrid access mode. In this system partners decide to share a restricted amount of their capacity. We show how the sharing factor affects the blocking rates and affect the global profits. Further, the achieved profit does not depend only on the sharing factor, but also on the adopted pricing scenario. Therefore an economic framework based on game theoretical analysis is proposed. It models the interaction between the sharing system operators for resource sharing and pricing, in addition to the access selection. A sequential game is formulated, where the players are the operators. In the first stage, the sharing partners decide the proportion of resources they will share and the transaction pricing scenario in order to maximize their own profits. In the second stage, the home operator of a transferred user selects the suitable service operator. A bi-level optimization problem is solved and equilibrium is found
Bouteiller, Catherine. "Différenciation tarifaire dans les réseaux de transports urbains et interurbains de voyageurs : quels apports pour les services publics de transport et l’aménagement ?" Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20024.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to define and identify the effects of price discrimination policies on the use and organization of urban public transports. Price discrimination is the possibility to price a service with different level of tariff. At first, we will define the issues around public transport fares, whose complexity is now mitigated by existing smart cards and other payment tools. Then, the spatial dimension of the fare will be given special attention through the study of the relationships between fee structure and spatial morphology of 10 cities around the world. The relationships between urban morphology and pricing will be confirmed. Knowing that usage of public transport are diverse, it is essential to have a good knowledge of users habits. Smard Card data reconstruction provides geographical and statistical information that can be re used for urban planning and for pricing policy. How ?Grand Paris orbital line 15, will be launched in 2020. It is an example of introducing a new metro line inducing significant time savings for commuters. Passengers will be given a real alternative between their usual route and the new one. The new route can offer several advantages: gain of time spent during the trip, gain in terms of number of transfers, comfort gain, security gain, price advantages. This could be an opportunity for an agency to review its fare policy. Our model is based on existing travel flows derived from the itinerary reconstruction from Navigo Smart Card pass. It establishes the principles of a fare grid based on travelers’ preferences and current travel patterns. For this research, we used data from public transport pass users in the Paris’ Metropolitan area, for one month. Finally, we show that price discrimination is related to "mobility" and not to “public transport”. If we consider the mobility needs of the user, pricing is no longer that of “transportation” but a package of services enabling access to different forms of mobility. Therefore it is transport governance that can be a problem. How to federate all mobility stakeholders in France? This dimension is essential for public transport authorities. It is a key success factor for achieving ambitious and sustainable urban planning policies
Benyahia, Nesrine. "Le droit de l'imagerie médicale et ses enjeux de santé publique : étude comparative France, Angleterre, Allemagne et Québec". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB173.
Texto completoMedical imaging is a care activity at the crossroads of all medical specialties. It has become a primary care activity at the heart of the diagnosis and treatment of many pathologies in oncology, neurology and cardiology, for instance. Its essential role in the care path of the patient is the result of the important development of the technologies, but also of the clinical indications. The framing of medical imaging in the French healthcare system remains nevertheless unclear and bordered by legal and economic constraints. This legal and economic uncertainty is an obstacle to the effective access to medical imaging technology for patients through, in particular, an exacerbated control of equipment installations and a disorganized acts pricing procedure. Furthermore, the lack of medico-economic evaluations delays the implementation of innovations and even creates risks to the safety and quality of the imaging tests performed