Tesis: "Syringomyelia"

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Stoodley, Marcus A. "Pathophysiology of Syringomyelia /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs882.pdf.

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2

Yang, Liqun. "Excitotoxic model of posttraumatic syringomyelia in the rat". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MS/09msy22.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 112-127. Study using an animal model (Sprague-Dawley rats) to elucidate the role of EAAs and spinal subarachnoid blockade in posttraumatic syringomelia. Results support the proposal that in posttraumatic spinal cord injury, primary injury and exitotoxic cell death, occuring secondary to elevated levels of EAAs, contribute to a pathologic process leading to the formation of spinal cavities, and a subarachnoid block by arachnoiditis is one of the pathogenic factors most responsible for initiating extension of the cavity.

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3

Lee, Gabriel Y. F. "Origin of macrophages in rat syringomyelia : an investigative study using rat radiation bone marrow chimeras /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MS/09msl478.pdf.

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4

Brodbelt, Andrew Robert Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Investigations in post-traumatic syringomyelia". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19317.

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Object. More than a quarter of spinal cord injured patients will develop an enlarging cystic cavity, or syrinx, within the spinal cord up to 30 years following the initial trauma. Enlarging syrinxes can cause progressive loss of function in patients who often already have a disability. Less than half the affected patients can be expected to improve following treatment. A lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease is hampering attempts to improve on this poor prognosis. Investigation into the mechanisms of fluid flow and the role of ischaemia in this type of syringomyelia may help understand the causative mechanisms and lead to improved treatment outcomes. Materials and methods. Temporal and dose profiling of an animal model of post-traumatic syringomyelia was performed in Sprague Dawley rats. The cerebrospinal fluid tracer, horseradish peroxidase, was used for detailed analysis of the routes of fluid flow into the syrinx. The effects of variations in subarachnoid space compliance on syrinx formation and fluid flow were examined using shunt insertion, pseudomeningocele formation, and animals without subarachnoid adhesions. Local spinal cord blood flow was investigated with Doppler flowmetry, and the intracellular levels of ATP and adenosine phosphates were measured with a bioluminescence technique. Results. A reliable animal model that mimicked human syrinx pathology was refined. Excitotoxic injury selectively damaged neurones, and induced syrinx formation in a dose and time dependent fashion. Cerebrospinal fluid flows from the subarachnoid space along perivascular spaces into the cord and syrinx. Flow occurred along the perivascular spaces of the central branches of the anterior spinal artery, and was maximal at the level of the syrinx. Improving compliance by shunt insertion reduced syrinx size but preferential fluid movement into the syrinx was maintained. If arachnoid adhesions were absent, this preferential flow ceased and syrinxes were smaller. Pseudomeningocele formation proved technically difficult and was unhelpful in changing cord compliance. Spinal cord blood flow was decreased following syrinx formation. Early reductions occurred in ATP and ADP levels, and the intracellular ATP/ADP ratio remained below 0.2 at all time points following syrinx induction. Conclusions. CSF moves into the syrinx and spinal cord along perivascular spaces. Arachnoid adhesions may act to decrease localized subarachnoid space compliance and encourage fluid flow from the subarachnoid space along perivascular spaces and into the syrinx. Increasing distal subarachnoid space compliance does not prevent this preferential flow but may reduce the amount of flow. Fluid accumulation within the syrinx causes ischaemia through pressure effects on the surrounding spinal cord tissue, and may further syrinx enlargement by apoptosis. The results support and are consistent with a local arterial pulsation dependent pumping mechanism of cerebrospinal fluid flow.

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5

Hechler, Ashley C. "Identifying and Treating Neuropathic Pain in Dogs with Syringomyelia". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1554712901697936.

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6

Liao, Jinxin Clinical School Prince of Wales Hospital Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Investigation of endogenous stem cells and reactive astrocytes in post-traumatic syringomyelia". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Clinical School - Prince of Wales Hospital, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40674.

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Introduction: Around a quarter of patients with spinal cord injury develop post traumatic syringomyelia (PTS), causing progressive neurological deficits. Current surgical treatment is unsatisfactory. Endogenous stem cell therapy, aiming at replacing lost tissue and repairing damaged ones by endogenous progenitors, may offer hope. Investigation into the reaction of endogenous progenitors in PTS may extend our knowledge about stem cell biology and help to develop a new treatment option for PTS. Endogenous stem cells were found to differentiate into astrocytes. Reactive astrocytes and gliosis are shown to have an important role in spinal cord injury, such as protecting neurons, limiting inflammation and regulating local environment to suit progenitors. We hypothesize that reactive astrocytes may play an important protective and potential therapeutic roles in PTS. The aim of this thesis is to study proliferation, differentition and location of endogenous progenitors and their roles in PTS. Materials and methods: Excitotoxic injury model of PTS was performed in adult Wistar rats. Proliferating cells were marked by either exogenous mitotic marker bromodeoxyuridine or endogenous mitotic marker Ki67.lmmunofluorescence techniques targeting mitotic markers were used to trace the proliferating cells. Immunofluorescent double staining techniques were used to phenotype the proliferating cells. Results: A large number of endogenous progenitors appear in PTS from 24 hours to at least 8 weeks post injury (PI). They proliferate much faster in PTS than in the control animals. Although less endogenous progenitors are observed after 4 weeks PI, their number is still much higher than that in the control animals. Immediately after injury, progenitors exist mainly in the white matter, but the majority of them shift their position closer to the lesion within 2 days. In the chronic stage, the majority of stem cells are located in and around the lesion site. Endogenous progenitors differentiate into astrocytes but not oligodendrocytes or neurons within 8 weeks. Astrocytes respond to injury by upgrading GFAP (1 day PI), becoming hypertrophic (7 days PI) and forming glial scar (2 weeks PI) in PTS. The development of a glial scar corresponds with the stage of cyst stability or reduction in size. Conclusions: Endogenous progenitors exist in PTS and they respond to injury by proliferating and shifting their position towards the lesion. These studies are important in understanding the endogenous stem cell response to PTS and lay the groundwork for future studies examining stem cell therapy for the condition. Endogenous progenitors in the PTS model differentiate into astrocytes, which help to form the glial scar lining the syrinx. Reactive gliosis may play an important role to seclude the injury site from healthy tissue, prevent a cascading wave of uncontrolled tissue damage and restrict the syrinx enlargement.

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7

Elliott, Novak Samuel Jon. "Mathematical modelling and analysis of cerebrospinal mechanics : an investigation into the parthogenesis of syringomyelia". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2751/.

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Syringomyelia is a disease in which fluid-filled cavities, called syrinxes, form in the spinal cord causing progressive loss of sensory and motor functions. Invasive monitoring of pressure waves in the spinal subarachnoid space implicates a hydrodynamic origin. Poor treatment outcomes have led to myriad hypotheses for its pathogenesis, which unfortunately are often based on small numbers of patients due to the relative rarity of the disease. However, only recently have models begun to appear based on the principles of mechanics. One such model is the mathematically rigorous work of Carpenter and colleagues. They suggest that a pressure wave due to a cough or sneeze could form a shock-like elastic jump, which when incident at a stenosis, such as a hindbrain tonsil, would generate a transient region of high pressure within the spinal cord and lead to fluid accumulation. The salient physiological parameters of this model are reviewed from the literature and the assumptions and predictions re-evaluated from a mechanical standpoint. It is found that, while the spinal geometry does allow for elastic jumps to occur, their effects are likely to be weak and subsumed by the small amounts of damping that have been measured in the subarachnoid space. The analysis presented here does not support the elastic-jump hypothesis for syrinx formation. Furthermore, the site of maximum transpial pressure dierential due to a cough-induced pulse is most likely to be at the site of pulse origin|not, as supposed, at a distant reflection site. This suggests that there must be some other localising factor more critical to providing the necessary conditions for syrinx formation. Two coaxial tube models are developed that incorporate Darcy's law separately in the pial membrane and the spinal cord tissue. It is shown that permeability plays opposing roles in the spinal cord and pia for wave attenuation; the propagation of a pressure wave is aided by a less-permeable pia but a more-permeable spinal cord. This may have implications in a syringomyelic cord. To understand the dynamic interaction of the fluid and solid components of the spinal cord tissue Biot's theory of poroelasticity is employed. It is concluded that physiological frequencies are probably too low for poroelastic dissipation to be of signicance in such a soft and weak material as the spinal cord. Accumulating evidence in the last decade from animal studies implicates arterial pulsations in syrinx formation. In particular, Bilston and colleagues suggested that a phase difference between the pressure pulse in the spinal subarachnoid space and the perivascular spaces, due to a pathologically disturbed blood supply, could result in a net in flux of cerebrospinal fluid into the spinal cord. A lumped-parameter model is developed of the cerebrospinal system to investigate this conjecture. It is found that although this phase-lag mechanism may operate, it requires the spinal cord to have an intrinsic storage capacity due to the collapsibility of the contained venous reservoir. If this storage requirement is met then the results presented here suggest that, on mechanical grounds, a syringo-subarachnoid shunt may be a better surgical treatment option than a subarachnoid bypass for post-traumatic syringomyelia.

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8

Knowler, S. P. "Characterisation of chiari-like malformation and secondary syringomyelia in selected toy dog breeds using magnetic resonance imaging". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844721/.

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Chiari-like Malformation (CM) and secondary Syringomyelia (SM) is a complex, debilitating abnormality which compromises the normal cerebrospinal fluid movement of the central nervous system culminating in the development of fluid-containing cavities within the spinal cord and associated with behavioural signs of pain and neurological deficits. The prevalence of asymptomatic CM dogs suggest that cerebellar indentation and impaction may be normal anatomical variations and unsuitable as a definition of CM. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) remains the definitive means of diagnosing CM/SM and a morphometric technique of quantifying CM and SM on mid-sagittal MRI has been successfully applied and validated in previous studies to a cohort of Griffon Bruxellois (GB) dogs with and without CM and a mixed breed GB family crossed with a mesaticephalic breed (Australian Terrier). Using a refined technique which took account of recent research findings, morphometries using a triangulation of circles, lines and angles were used to ‘map’ MRIs of the whole brain and cervical region in order to quantify the severity of the CM and SM phenotype in the Cavalier King Charles (CKCS). A further morphometric analysis was undertaken to explore brachycephaly and miniaturization as risk factors for CM and SM by comparing their impact in the CKCS, Affenpinscher and Chihuahua breeds. The collective framework of lines and angles generated a unique ‘signature’ for the dog, characterised by “concertina” type flexures demonstrating the combined nature of segregated traits towards the severity in the phenotype. Compared to controls, CKCS with CM pain are characterised by increased brachycephaly and airorhynchy, while significant traits for SM in the three dog breeds included those reported for the GB, suggesting a common aetiology. The characterisation of the CM phenotype provides the possibility of a diagnostic tool for veterinarians and means to assist breeders with mate selection to reduce symptomatic prevalence of CM/SM.

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9

Knuppel, Julie M. "Correlation of Neurologic Status As Evaluated By Neurologic Examination And Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response Test With Computed Tomographic And Radiographic Morphometric Analysis Of The Caudal Skull In Cavalier King Charles Spaniels". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1243866074.

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10

Личко, Володимир Станіславович, Владимир Станиславович Личко, Volodymyr Stanislavovych Lychko y Т. В. Іванова. "Сколіотична деформація хребта у хворих на сирингомієлію з дебютом у дитячому віці". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/47435.

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Сколіоз, що виникає в дитячо-юнацькому віці, є поширеною патологією, яка може зустрічатися як самостійне захворювання або поєднуватися з патологією спинного мозку. Одним з найважливіших питань при наявності сколіозу у дітей є визначення його природи як ідіопатичного захворювання або пов'язаного з патологією спинного мозку. Важливою і недостатньо вивченою є проблема визначення показань для нейровізуального дослідження спинного мозку при наявності сколіозу. Це необхідно для ранньої діагностики сирингомієлії в дитячо-юнацькому віці і вибору тактики лікування. Метою дослідження було встановлення особливостей клінічних проявів сирингомієлії з її початком у дитячому віці з оцінкою ступеня сколіотичної деформації хребта.

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11

THYAGARAJ, SURAJ. "In Vitro Investigation Of Cerebrospinal Fluid Dynamics In Chiari Malformation By 4D Phase Contrast MRI". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1462548992.

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12

Farrag, Mahmoud. "Tissue engineering and pharmacological approaches for the treatment of spinal cord injuries". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1578705731120767.

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13

VIDAL, Claudio Henrique Fernandes. "Tratamento cirurgico da malformação de Chiari do tipo I:importância da abertura do forame de Magendie e ressecção das tonsilas". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2014. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17973.

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Submitted by Natalia de Souza Gonçalves (natalia.goncalves@ufpe.br) on 2016-10-10T12:57:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) CLAUDIO VIDAL - COLACAO.pdf: 6023190 bytes, checksum: d165c8659f0d2b209cb4a7a228a33bd7 (MD5)
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A alta prevalência de malformação da junção crânio-vertebral (JCV) no Nordeste do Brasil é historicamente associada ao biótipo braquicefálico também comum nessa região. A ectopia tonsilar, marco anatomopatológico da Malformação de Chiari tipo I (MC I), pode ser entendida no contexto de uma desproporção vigente entre o continente (crânio) e seu conteúdo (tecido nervoso) resultante de uma fossa posterior de pequenas dimensões. A forma mais adequada de se tratar a MC I é um dos tópicos mais controversos da neurocirurgia. O presente estudo se propôs a avaliar duas técnicas cirúrgicas comumente empregadas no tratamento da MC I. Métodos: Foram avaliados 32 indivíduos, distribuídos em dois grupos. No Grupo 1, 16 pacientes foram submetidos apenas à descompressão ósteodural da JCV, sem manipulação da membrana aracnoide. No Grupo 2, 16 pacientes foram submetidos à: descompressão ósteodural associada à abertura e dissecção da membrana aracnoide, e redução das tonsilas por termocoagulação e/ou aspiração. A comparação entre os grupos se fundamentou na avaliação de parâmetros clínicos e de Cine Ressonância Magnética do fluxo liquórico, nos períodos que antecederam e sucederam o ato cirúrgico. Resultados: Ambas as técnicas foram equivalentes (p>0,05) em proporcionar melhoria neurológica dos pacientes no período pós-operatório, porém o Grupo 2 cursou com mais complicações pós-operatórias, sendo o risco relativo de 2,45 (I.C.-1,55 a 3,86) para eventos adversos. No que tange à restauração do fluxo liquórico pela JCV no período pósoperatório, a quantidade de LCR que passa pela JCV do Grupo 1 foi maior que no Grupo 2 (p<0,05). Conclusão: A descompressão ósteodural da JCV sem manipulação da aracnoide é a forma mais adequada de tratamento da MC I entre as duas técnicas analisadas
Abnormalities of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) are highly prevalent in Northeast of Brazil, where it is linked to braquicefalic biotype, also common in this region. The ectopic tonsils are the main anatomopathological feature of the type 1 Chiari Malformation (CM 1) and derived from a small posterior fossa. The best way to treat the CM 1 is one of the most controversial topics in the neurosurgical field. The present study evaluated the two most applied techniques to treat CM 1, by means of clinical and radiological parameters. Methods: A total of 32 patients were evaluated. They were divided in two groups: Group 1 had 16 patients that were submitted to cranio-dural decompression of the CVJ; Group 2 also had 16 patients and in addition to cranio-dural decompression of the CVJ, they also had intra-arachnoid manipulation, including tonsils reductions. These groups were analyzed and compared in terms of neurological exam and cerebrospinal fluid flow imaging by using phase-contrast magnetic resonance technique, in two different times: pre and postoperative periods. Results: Both techniques were equivalents in terms of neurological improvement of the patients (p>0,05), but the Group 2 had more surgical complications, with relative risk for this kind of event, of 2,5. Whatever the cerebrospinal fluid flow at CVJ, the patients of the Group 1 achieved greater amount of flow than the Group 2 (p<0,05) in the postoperative period. Conclusion: The exclusive cranio-dural decompression of the CVJ for treatment of CM 1 had better general results when compared to the addition of intra-arachnoid manipulation to the procedure.

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14

Neto, Sara Patrícia Dias. "Clínica de animais de companhia". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/19805.

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O presente relatório é resultado do estágio curricular, 11º semestre do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária. Este decorreu em duas instituições de referência veterinária em Barcelona (Hospital ARS Veterinária e Hospital Veterinari Montjuïc) e permitiu melhorar e integrar os conhecimentos adquiridos ao longo do curso. O relatório é composto por três partes: introdução, que situa temporal e espacialmente, relatório de casuística, que abrange todas as atividades realizadas e assistidas, e monografia. A monografia consiste na descrição de uma afeção neurológica, muito comum em Cavalier king charles spaniel, designada de siringomielia. A monografia inicia-se com uma revisão bibliográfica e termina com o relato de quatro casos clínicos acompanhados no Hospital ARS Veterinário; ABSTRACT: Small animal practice This report is the result of the traineeship in the 11th semester of the Integrated Master degree in Veterinary Medicine. It took place in two veterinary reference institutions in Barcelona (hospital ARS veterinary and hospital Veterinari Montjuïc) and contributed to improve and integrate the knowledge acquired throughout the course. The report consists in three parts: Introduction, which locates temporally and spatially, the sample report covering all activities, and monograph. The monography is the description of a neurological disorder, very common in Cavalier king charles spaniel, designated syringomyelia. The monography begins with a literature review and ends with the description of four clinical cases followed in ARS veterinary hospital.

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15

Pointillart, Vincent. "Les syringomyélies post-traumatiques". Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25410.

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GUILLAUME, FREDERIC. "La syringomyelie post-traumatique : revue de la litterature internationale a propos de 5 observations". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M043.

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17

Freude, Gregor. "Syringomyelie - Diagnose, klinisches Erscheinungsbild und Therapie - eine retrospektive Analyse von 110 Patienten". [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-66901.

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18

Moncho, Rodríguez Dulce María. "Estudio neurofisiológico mediante potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco cerebral y somatosensoriales en pacientes con malformación de Chiari tipo 1". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399570.

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La malformación de Chiari de tipo 1 (MC-1) es una anomalía congénita de la charnela craneo-cervical, descrita por primera vez por Chiari como un desplazamiento de las amígdalas del cerebelo hacia el canal raquídeo. El diagnóstico neurorradiológico clásico de esta entidad exige un descenso amigdalar de más de 3-5 mm por debajo del foramen magnum (FM). La teoría etiopatogénica más aceptada sugiere que estos pacientes presentan una reducción patológica del volumen de la fosa posterior (FP). El descenso de las amígdalas cerebelosas dificulta el paso de líquido cefalorraquídeo a través de la unión craneovertebral, pudiendo comprimir las estructuras neurales en la unión bulbo-medular y, en consecuencia, alterar la función del tronco del encéfalo (TE) y de la porción superior de la médula espinal (ME). Los pacientes con MC-1 pueden presentar también siringomielia (30-75%), hidrocefalia (40%), anomalías óseas de la charnela craneocervical (20-60%) o escoliosis. En los últimos años, a los cuatro tipos propuestos por Chiari se han añadido otras variantes, como la MC tipo 0 (MC-0) y la MC tipo 1.5 (MC-1.5). La MC-0 se caracteriza porque, a pesar de que no existe una ectopia amigdalar, hay una FP reducida, ausencia de cisterna magna y, en la mayoría de casos, siringomielia asociada. En la MC-1.5 existe una ectopia amigdalar con descenso variable del TE, con un desplazamiento del óbex por debajo del FM, en ausencia de espina bífida. Los síntomas clínicos de estos pacientes pueden ser muy variables y cada vez es más frecuente el diagnóstico de casos incidentales, lo que dificulta la decisión terapéutica. Los potenciales evocados (PE) proporcionan una información objetiva sobre la función del TE y de la ME, lo que puede resultar de gran utilidad en el diagnóstico y en la toma de decisiones terapéuticas en los pacientes afectos de estas malformaciones. Los objetivos principales de esta tesis fueron: 1) describir la frecuencia de aparición de alteraciones de los PE auditivos de tronco cerebral (PEATC) y somatosensoriales (PES) de nervio tibial posterior y de nervio mediano en una serie homogénea de pacientes con diagnóstico de MC-1 clásica, diferenciando los hallazgos según la nueva clasificación (subtipos 0, 1 y 1.5), 2) relacionar las diferentes formas de alteración de los PE con los hallazgos clínicos y anatómicos en pacientes con MC-1, diferenciando también entre los subtipos 0, 1 y 1.5 y 3) definir subgrupos de pacientes con probabilidades distintas de presentar alteraciones en los PE en función de parámetros morfométricos cráneo-medulares. El grupo control con el que se compararon los pacientes se realizó con un equipo de PE diferente al utilizado en los pacientes afectos de una MC-1. La validez de esta información quedo establecida al realizar un análisis de variabilidad entre ambos equipos que demostró que ambos pueden utilizarse indistintamente. Los resultados mostraron que un 60% de pacientes con MC-1 presenta alguna alteración de los PE a nivel central. No se encontraron diferencias significativas de los hallazgos de los PE en los diferentes subtipos de MC (0, 1 y 1.5). Los pacientes de mayor edad, mayor grado de herniación amigdalar y con alteración de pares craneales bajos presentan una mayor probabilidad de tener los PEATC alterados. Los pacientes de mayor edad y mayor grado de herniación amigdalar presentan una mayor probabilidad de PES alterados. En los pacientes claramente sintomáticos o con siringomielia importante, los PE no añaden ninguna información clínicamente relevante en lo que respecta a la decisión quirúrgica. Sin embargo, un 50% de los pacientes asintomáticos de nuestra serie, en los que la MC-1 se detectó de forma incidental, presentaba al menos un tipo de PE anormal. Los PE juegan un papel importante en estos pacientes, ya que constituyen una prueba objetiva y cuantificable de disfunción subclínica que puede ayudar en la toma de la decisión quirúrgica.
Chiari malformation type 1 (CM-1) is a congenital anomaly of the craniovertebral junction first described by Chiari as a displacement of cerebellar tonsils into the spinal canal. The classic neuroradiological diagnosis of this entity requires a tonsillar descent of more than 3-5 mm below the foramen magnum (FM). The most accepted etiopathogenic theory suggests that these patients have a pathological reduction in the volume of the posterior fossa (PF). The descent of the cerebellar tonsils hinders the passage of cerebrospinal fluid through the craniovertebral junction and may cause compression of the neural structures of the bulbo-medullary junction, consequently altering brainstem and upper spinal cord function. CM-1 patients may also present syringomyelia (30%-75%), hydrocephalus (40%), bone abnormalities of the craniovertebral junction (20%-60%), or scoliosis. In recent years, other variants have been added to the four types proposed by Chiari, including CM type 0 (CM-0) and CM type 1.5 (CM-1.5). Although no tonsillar ectopia is present, CM-0 is characterized by reduced PF, no cisterna magna, and, in most cases, associated syringomyelia. In CM-1.5 tonsillar ectopia, variable brainstem descent, and obex displacement below the FM, in the absence of spina bifida, are all present. The clinical symptoms of these patients can be highly variable and incidental diagnosis of cases is increasingly frequent, making the therapeutic strategy difficult to determine. Evoked potentials (EPs) provide objective information about the function of the brainstem and spinal cord, which can be useful in diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making in patients with these malformations. The main objectives of the present thesis were: 1) to describe the frequency of brainstem auditory EP (BAEP) and somatosensory EP (SEP) alterations in a homogeneous series of patients with classical CM-1, differentiating the findings according to the new classification (subtypes 0, 1, and 1.5); 2) to relate the different kinds of EP alteration with clinical and anatomical findings in CM-1 patients, differentiating subtypes 0, 1, and 1.5; and 3) to define subgroups of patients with different probabilities of presenting EP alterations based on morphometric craniospinal parameters. The control group with whom we compared patients was performed with a different EP device from that which was used in CM-1 patients. The validity of this information was confirmed by performing an analysis of variability between the two devices, which demonstrated that they can be used interchangeably. The results showed that 60% of patients with CM-1 present some alteration of the EPs at a central level. No significant differences in the EP findings of different subtypes of CM (0, 1, and 1.5) were found. Patients who are older, have a greater degree of tonsillar herniation, and present lower cranial nerve dysfunction are found to be more likely to have abnormal BAEPs. Patients with older age and a greater tonsillar herniation are shown to be more likely to have abnormal SEPs. In clearly symptomatic patients or in patients in whom syringomyelia induced severe symptoms, EPs do not add any clinically relevant information, nor are they helpful in establishing which patients should undergo surgical treatment. An important finding in our series was that in asymptomatic patients in whom CM had been discovered incidentally, 50% presented with at least one abnormal EP. EPs play an important role in these patients because they could help in establishing objective evidence of subclinical dysfunctions that may indicate a need for surgical intervention.

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19

TURLAN, DOMINIQUE. "Les cavites syringomyeliques : a propos de 23 cas explores par imagerie par resonance magnetique". Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT106M.

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BRUNET, MADELEINE. "Malformations de la charniere cranio-rachidienne : syringomyelie et syndromes dysmorphiques ; a propos de 3 observations". Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE6555.

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TOURNUT, PHILIPPE. "Apport de l'imagerie par resonance magnetique dans le diagnostic et la surveillance des syringomyelies : a propos de 73 patients explores a l'hopital neurologique et neurochirurgical pierre wertheimer". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO1M232.

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Gaujard, Eric. "Syndromes et cavités syringomyéliques : à propos de 24 observations". Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25070.

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23

Schneider, Katharina [Verfasser]. "Verlaufsbeobachtung von MRT-Liquorflussmessungen bei Syringomyelie und Arachnopathie / Katharina Schneider". Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118243052X/34.

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24

Steinhoff, Silke [Verfasser]. "Dynamische Bildgebung arachnoidaler Adhäsionen des Spinalkanals bei Syringomyelie / Silke Steinhoff". Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037158032/34.

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25

Dehoust, Julius [Verfasser]. "Die posttraumatische Syringomyelie : Eine seltene Komplikation bei traumatischer Querschnittlähmung / Julius Dehoust". Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136935401/34.

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RAUCOULES, FRESNEL DOMINIQUE. "Syndrome syringomyelique et etroitesse canalaire". Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20213.

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VERMERSCH, CREPY ANNE-ISABELLE. "Interet de l'exploration electrophysiologique dans les cavites intra-medullaires : a propos de 10 cas". Amiens, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AMIEM001.

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28

Beyer, Florian [Verfasser] y Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Strowitzki. "Syringomyelie : Pathogenese und die Therapie im Wandel der Zeit / Florian Beyer. Betreuer: Martin Strowitzki". Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1051434467/34.

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29

Müller, Christine [Verfasser]. "MRT Phasen-Kontrast-Untersuchungen der Wirbelsäule bei Patienten mit primär spinaler, idiopathischer Syringomyelie / Christine Müller". Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1024126943/34.

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30

Schubert, Thomas-Maurice [Verfasser] y Florian [Akademischer Betreuer] Roser. "Die Entwicklung der postoperativen Silent periods bei Patienten mit Syringomyelie / Thomas-Maurice Schubert ; Betreuer: Florian Roser". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1193489326/34.

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31

Larios, Loza Franziska [Verfasser]. "Pulsgetriggerte MRT-Phasenkontrastuntersuchungen im Bereich des kraniozervikalen Übergangs bei Patienten mit primärer Syringomyelie / Franziska Larios Loza". Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053705654/34.

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32

Röh, Luca W. J. [Verfasser]. "Evaluation und Entdeckung prädisponierender Faktoren in der Genese und im Verlauf der posttraumatischen Syringomyelie / Luca W. J. Röh". Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215758294/34.

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33

Refai, Miriam [Verfasser]. "Prävalenz der Chiari-ähnlichen Malformation und der Syringomyelie bei Cavalier King Charles Spanieln in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland / Miriam Refai". Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136863737/34.

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34

Müller, vom Hagen Jennifer [Verfasser] y Florian [Akademischer Betreuer] Roser. "Differenzierung von Hydromyelie und Syringomyelie auf der Basis magnetresonanztomographischer, elektrophysiologischer und klinischer Untersuchungen / Jennifer Müller vom Hagen ; Betreuer: Florian Roser". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1161734635/34.

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35

Grübmeyer, Annabell Johanna [Verfasser]. "Assoziation zephalometrischer Parameter mit dem Auftreten der Syringomyelie beim Cavalier King Charles Spaniel mit Chiari-ähnlicher Malformation / Annabell Johanna Grübmeyer". Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1068535083/34.

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36

Küng, Raphael. "Multimediale Darstellung neurologischer Manifestationen beim Hund : ein klinisches Vademecum folgender Erkrankungen : Dandy-Walker-Syndrom; Granulomatöse Meningoenzephalitis; Histiozytose; Insulinom; Mikromyelie; Neuroblastom; Paraneoplastische Neuropathie; Polyradikuloneuritis; Rückenmarksinfarkt; sekundäre Epilepsie Teil I (allgemeine Aspekte); sekundäre Epilepsie Teil II (spezifische Erkrankungen); Syringomyelie /". Bern : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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37

Brodbelt, Andrew Robert. "Investigations in post-traumatic syringomyelia /". 2003. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20040609.092506/index.html.

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38

Lee, Gabriel Y. F. (Gabriel Yin Foo). "Origin of macrophages in rat syringomyelia : an investigative study using rat radiation bone marrow chimeras". 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MS/09msl478.pdf.

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39

Austin, James W. "Evaluation of the Use of a Bioengineered Hydrogel Containing Hyaluronan to Reduce Inflammation and Scarring following Spinal Cord Injury Associated with Arachnoiditis". Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/33923.

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Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is heterogeneous in nature and can be complicated by inflammation and scarring in the subarachnoid space (arachnoiditis). The constellation of traumatic injury and arachnoiditis can lead to extensive intraparenchymal cysts or post-traumatic syringomyelia (PTS), due to alterations in fluid flow and pressure dynamics in the subarachnoid space. Hypothesis: Intrathecal injection of a bioengineered hydrogel containing hyaluronan (HA) will improve functional recovery following severe spinal cord injury associated with arachnoiditis. Methods: Acute to subacute pathophysiological events were characterized in non-injured sham rats, rats receiving a clip compression/contusion injury (SCI), rats receiving an intrathecal kaolin injection (Arachnoiditis) and in rats receiving SCI plus kaolin injection (PTS). Next, a HA containing hydrogel (HAMC) or artificial cerbralspinal fluid (aCSF) control was injected into the subarachnoid space 24 hours following PTS injury. To assess treatment efficacy, subacute pathophysiology was assessed as was long-term neurobehavioural and neuroanatomical recovery. Finally, in vitro studies examined the effect of HA on TLR4 activation using lipopolysaccharide in primary rat microglial cultures. Results: PTS animals exhibited a greater parenchymal injury response as compared to the sum of SCI alone or arachnoiditis alone. Injection of HAMC reduced the extent of scarring and inflammation in the subarachnoid space and improved neurobehavioural and neuroanatomical recovery relative to aCSF controls. These improvements were associated with reduced chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and IL-1α expression and a trend towards and axonal preservation. In vitro studies demonstrated that HA is capable of reducing TLR4 mediated inflammation in microglia. Conclusions: Acute arachnoiditis potentiates the intensity of intraparenchymal inflammatory and scarring events following SCI. When HAMC was injected intrathecally following PTS injury, it mitigated some of the pernicious effects of arachnoiditis. Part of the therapeutic action of HAMC can be attributed to the ability of HA to reduce TLR4 mediated inflammation in microglia, possibly through an extracellular mechanism.

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40

Žáček, Petr. "Počítačové modelování transportu mozkomíšní tekutiny". Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-305159.

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Modelling of cerebrospinal fluid flow is important for understanding its influence on central nervous system, especially spinal cord. One of the reasons for its study is a disease called syringomyelia that probably develops as a result of severance of neural pathways by bubbles emerging during the propagation of pressure (expan- sion) disturbances through spinal cord and its surroundings. It is characterized by fluid-filled cavities in spinal cord. In this thesis, a model of fluid-filled co-axial elastic tubes is proposed that can help us simulate pressure disturbances propa- gation through spinal cord including its interactions and possible increase as the result of interferences or reflection. We derive quasi-one-dimensional governing equations in the form of nonlinear hyperbolic system of conservational laws and with its numerical solution by two-step Lax-Wendroff method with added artifi- cial viscosity we can quantitatively estimate almost twofold increase of pressure difference. 1

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41

Riether, Felix [Verfasser]. "Klinische Relevanz neuerer kernspintomographischer Techniken bei der Diagnostik der Syringomyelie / vorgelegt von Felix Riether". 2010. http://d-nb.info/1010653415/34.

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42

Sixt, Carolin [Verfasser]. "Lebensqualität bei Syringomyelie : klinische Beurteilung anhand multimodaler Evaluationsbögen ; eine deskriptiv analytische Beobachtungsstudie / vorgelegt von Carolin Sixt". 2009. http://d-nb.info/996706607/34.

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43

Freude, Gregor [Verfasser]. "Syringomyelie : Diagnose, klinisches Erscheinungsbild und Therapie ; eine retrospektive Analyse von 110 Patienten / von Gregor Bernhard Freude". 2008. http://d-nb.info/1000869172/34.

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