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Nissinen, Martti. "Homo-Sodoman synty ja huoli miehuudesta". Teologinen Aikakauskirja 129, n.º 2 (3 de junio de 2024): 122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.62442/ta.142598.
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Sodoma-kertomuksesta on aikojen saatossa tullut seksuaali- ja sukupuolivähemmistöjen vastaisen propagandan perusteksti. Polemiikki ei kuitenkaan nouse suoraan Genesiksen luvusta 19 vaan sen pitkästä (homo)seksualisoivasta tulkintahistoriasta. Kertomuksen varhaisimmat tulkinnat kiinnittävät hämmästyttävän vähän huomiota sodomalaisten seksuaaliseen käyttäytymiseen. Pikemminkin heitä moititaan hegemonisen maskuliinisuuden röyhkeimmistä toteuttamistavoista, ylpeydestä ja väkivallasta. Sodoman synti seksualisoituu ensimmäisen kerran Riemuvuosien kirjassa ja samansukupuolinen elementti yhdistyy siihen vasta ensimmäisellä vuosisadalla jKr. Filonin ja Josefuksen kirjoituksissa. Päähuolena näissä tulkinnoissa on maskuliinisuus pikemminkin kuin (homo)seksuaalisuus. Kun näkökulma käännetään homoseksuaalisuudesta miehuuteen, huomio kiinnittyy Sodoma-kertomuksessa ja sen tulkinnoissa tärkeämpiin elementteihin kuin seksiin.
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Ohara-Imaizumi, Mica, Tomonori Fujiwara, Yoko Nakamichi, Tadashi Okamura, Yoshihiro Akimoto, Junko Kawai, Satsuki Matsushima et al. "Imaging analysis reveals mechanistic differences between first- and second-phase insulin exocytosis". Journal of Cell Biology 177, n.º 4 (14 de mayo de 2007): 695–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200608132.
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The mechanism of glucose-induced biphasic insulin release is unknown. We used total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) imaging analysis to reveal the process of first- and second-phase insulin exocytosis in pancreatic β cells. This analysis showed that previously docked insulin granules fused at the site of syntaxin (Synt)1A clusters during the first phase; however, the newcomers fused during the second phase external to the Synt1A clusters. To reveal the function of Synt1A in phasic insulin exocytosis, we generated Synt1A-knockout (Synt1A−/−) mice. Synt1A−/− β cells showed fewer previously docked granules with no fusion during the first phase; second-phase fusion from newcomers was preserved. Rescue experiments restoring Synt1A expression demonstrated restoration of granule docking status and fusion events. Inhibition of other syntaxins, Synt3 and Synt4, did not affect second-phase insulin exocytosis. We conclude that the first phase is Synt1A dependent but the second phase is not. This indicates that the two phases of insulin exocytosis differ spatially and mechanistically.
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Bhattacharya, Bhaswati, Pratik Home, Avishek Ganguly, Soma Ray, Ananya Ghosh, Md Rashedul Islam, Valerie French et al. "Atypical protein kinase C iota (PKCλ/ι) ensures mammalian development by establishing the maternal–fetal exchange interface". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, n.º 25 (8 de junio de 2020): 14280–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920201117.
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In utero mammalian development relies on the establishment of the maternal–fetal exchange interface, which ensures transportation of nutrients and gases between the mother and the fetus. This exchange interface is established via development of multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast cells (SynTs) during placentation. In mice, SynTs develop via differentiation of the trophoblast stem cell-like progenitor cells (TSPCs) of the placenta primordium, and in humans, SynTs are developed via differentiation of villous cytotrophoblast (CTB) progenitors. Despite the critical need in pregnancy progression, conserved signaling mechanisms that ensure SynT development are poorly understood. Herein, we show that atypical protein kinase C iota (PKCλ/ι) plays an essential role in establishing the SynT differentiation program in trophoblast progenitors. Loss of PKCλ/ι in the mouse TSPCs abrogates SynT development, leading to embryonic death at approximately embryonic day 9.0 (E9.0). We also show that PKCλ/ι-mediated priming of trophoblast progenitors for SynT differentiation is a conserved event during human placentation. PKCλ/ι is selectively expressed in the first-trimester CTBs of a developing human placenta. Furthermore, loss of PKCλ/ι in CTB-derived human trophoblast stem cells (human TSCs) impairs their SynT differentiation potential both in vitro and after transplantation in immunocompromised mice. Our mechanistic analyses indicate that PKCλ/ι signaling maintains expression of GCM1, GATA2, and PPARγ, which are key transcription factors to instigate SynT differentiation programs in both mouse and human trophoblast progenitors. Our study uncovers a conserved molecular mechanism, in which PKCλ/ι signaling regulates establishment of the maternal–fetal exchange surface by promoting trophoblast progenitor-to-SynT transition during placentation.
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Nykänen, Elise. "”Hänen vierellään on valmiina pimeyden päivä”". AVAIN - Kirjallisuudentutkimuksen aikakauslehti, n.º 1 (28 de marzo de 2018): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30665/av.70008.
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Artikkelini tarkastelee eksistentiaalisten tunteiden kerrontaa ja minäkerronnan epäluotettavuutta Kerttu-Kaarina Suosalmen novellissa ”Synti eli punapartainen ikoni” (1957). Novelli kuuluu modernistiseen kertomustraditioon, jossa eksistentiaalinen kokemuksellisuus hahmottuu keskeiseksi osaksi inhimillisen tietoisuuden kuvausta. Artikkelin keskiössä ovat epäsuoran retorisen kommunikaation keinot, joiden avulla tekijä pyrkii herättämään lukijassa ristiriitaisia tunnereaktioita. Artikkeli keskittyy ennen kaikkea epäluotettavaan kerrontaan, jota Suosalmi hyödyntää säädelläkseen kerronnallista etäisyyttä ensimmäisen persoonan kertojan ja lukijan välillä. Millaisia tietoon ja tunteisiin liittyviä vaikutuksia epäluotettava kerronta herättää lukijassa ja kuinka erilaiset tulkinnat ja tunnereaktiot elävät lukuprosessin aikana? Artikkeli osoittaa, että Suosalmi hyödyntää sekä lähentävän että etäännyttävän epäluotettavan kerronnan (Phelan 2007) keinoja ohjatakseen lukijan tunnereaktioita. Suosalmen novellissa kerronnan epäluotettavuus kumpuaa usein kertojan eksistentiaalisesta kärsimyksestä, mikä vähentää tunnetason etäisyyttä kertojan ja tekijän yleisön välillä. Tämä ensimmäistä tyyppiä edustava epäluotettavuus herättää lukijassa sympatiaa ja sääliä pikemminkin kuin epäluottamusta. Jälkimmäistä tyyppiä edustava kerronnan epäluotettavuus puolestaan viittaa eettisiin vääristymiin, joka lisäävät tunnetason etäisyyttä kertojan ja tekijän yleisön välillä. Toisaalta Suosalmen novellin eksistentiaalisten tunteiden kerronta johtaa kyseenalaistamaan epäluotettavan kerronnan teorian dikotomioita, erityisesti sen ennakko-oletuksia kertojien ”normaaliudesta” tai ”hulluudesta”. Novellin epäsuora retorinen kommunikaatio ohjaa lukijaa uudelleenarvioimaan minäkertojan ongelmallista maailmankuvaa ja identiteettiä suhteessa sisäistettyyn sosiaaliseen vallankäyttöön ja mahdollisesti jopa väkivaltaan.
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Nguyen, Ngoc-Anh, Olivier Schneegans, Jouhaiz Rouchou, Raphael Salot, Yann Lamy, Jean-Marc Boissel, Marjolaine Allain, Sylvain Poulet y Sami Oukassi. "(G02 Best Presentation Award Winner) Elaboration and Characterization of CMOS Compatible, Pico-Joule Energy Consumption, Electrochemical Synaptic Transistors for Neuromorphic Computing". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, n.º 29 (7 de julio de 2022): 1293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01291293mtgabs.
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Non-Von Neumann computing application constituted by artificial synapses based on electrochemical random-access memory (ECRAM) has aroused tremendous attention owing to its capability to perform parallel operations, thus reducing the cost of time and energy spent [1-3]. Existing ECRAM synapses comprise two-terminal memristors and three-terminal synaptic transistors (SynT). While low cost, scalability, and high density are the highlights for memristors, their nonlinear, asymmetric state modulation, high ON current withdrawal, and sneak path in crossbar array integration prevent them from becoming the ideal synaptic elements for artificial neural networks (ANN) [4]. SynT configuration, on the other hand, offers an additional electrolyte-gated control from which ion doping content can be monitored via redox reactions, thus decoupling write-read actions and improving the linearity of programming states [5-6]. Nevertheless, existing SynTs suffer from different integration issues stemming from liquid-based ionic conductors and manually exfoliated channels. Moreover, several kinds of SynTs possess highly conductive channels in the range of µS to mS, significantly scaling up the energy spent for analog states reading. Despite having numerous communications on the performance of different ECRAM, a comprehensive electrochemical view of ion intercalation into the active material, the main root of conductance modulation, is clearly missing. In this work, we present the elaboration procedure of an all-solid-state synaptic transistor composed of nanoscale electrolyte and channel layers. The devices have been elaborated on 8’’ Silicon wafers using microfabrication processes compatible with conventional semiconductor technology and CMOS back end of line (BEoL) integration. (Figure 1a) We demonstrate the excellent synaptic plasticity properties of short-term potentiation (STP) and long-term potentiation (LTP) of our SynT. We performed tests to study the correlation between linearity, asymmetry, and the number of analog states. By averaging the amount of injected ions per write operation, we estimated the energy consumed for switching among adjacent states of this device is 22.5 pJ, yielding area-normalized energy of 4 fJ/µm2. In addition, operating in the range of nS, our SynTs meet the critical criteria of low energy consumption for both write and read operations. Endurance was highlighted by cycling in ambient conditions with 100 states of potentiation and depression for over 1000 cycles with only a slight variation of Gmax/Gmin ratio of 6.2 % (Figure 1b, c). Approximately 95 % accuracy in MNIST pattern recognition test on ANN in the crossbar array configuration has been obtained by simulation with SynTs as synaptic elements reassured SynT is a promising candidate for future neuromorphic computing hardware. To shed light on the properties of intercalation phenomena of Li ions into the TiO2 layer, a further electrochemical study on a cell comprising Ti/TiO2/LiPON/Li corresponding to the SynT gate stack was performed. This understanding will help to elucidate the correlation with conductance modulation characteristics for a synaptic transistor. Multiple tests were carried out, including cyclic voltammetry (CV) with different scan rates, rate capability with Galvanostatic cycling with potential limit (GCPL), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) on different states of charge. A circuit model was introduced to fit the frequency response of the cell, and it explained well the behavior of charging capability at different OCV (Figure 1d). References [1] P. Narayanan et al., “Toward on-chip acceleration of the backpropagation algorithm using nonvolatile memory,” IBM J. Res. Dev., vol. 61, no. 4/5, p. 11:1-11:11, Jul. 2017, doi: 10.1147/JRD.2017.2716579. [2] J. Tang et al., “ECRAM as Scalable Synaptic Cell for High-Speed, Low-Power Neuromorphic Computing,” in 2018 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), San Francisco, CA, Dec. 2018, p. 13.1.1-13.1.4. doi: 10.1109/IEDM.2018.8614551. [3] Y. Li et al., “In situ Parallel Training of Analog Neural Network Using Electrochemical Random-Access Memory,” Front. Neurosci., vol. 15, p. 636127, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.636127. [4] M. A. Zidan, H. A. H. Fahmy, M. M. Hussain, and K. N. Salama, “Memristor-based memory: The sneak paths problem and solutions,” Microelectron. J., vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 176–183, Feb. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.mejo.2012.10.001. [5] Y. van de Burgt et al., “A non-volatile organic electrochemical device as a low-voltage artificial synapse for neuromorphic computing,” Nat. Mater., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 414–418, Apr. 2017, doi: 10.1038/nmat4856. [6] E. J. Fuller et al., “Li-Ion Synaptic Transistor for Low Power Analog Computing,” Adv. Mater., vol. 29, no. 4, p. 1604310, Jan. 2017, doi: 10.1002/adma.201604310. Figure 1
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Fatianova, Elena Alekseevna. "Transcription for a synth keyboard (the case study of the work of A. Artemiev, V.Martynov, Yu. Bogdanov - the disc “Metamorphoses”)". PHILHARMONICA. International Music Journal, n.º 5 (mayo de 2021): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2453-613x.2021.5.36938.
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The author analyzes the experience of transcription of the compositions of J. Bull, C. Monteverdi, J. Bach, C. Debussy and S. Prokofiev for a synth keyboard Synthi 100 done by the Russian composers A. Artemiev, V. Martynov, Yu. Bogdanov in 1980, and released on the disc “Metamorphoses”. The author also considers the composers’ range of artistic tasks and sound solutions and the variants of work with the texture of the original compositions. The electronic interpretations, contained in the “Metamorphoses”, not only demonstrate the examples of transcribing the original text for a synth keyboard, but also illustrate the 4 criteria of electronic music formulated by K. Stockhausen: unified temporal structuring (a common temporal field), the disintegration of sound, a multidimensional spatial composition, and the equality of the tone and the noise. In spite of the fact that the transcription of classical music pieces for a synth keyboard was carried out by the Russian composers several decades ago, this experience hasn’t been studied yet. Probably, it is explained by the fact that the analysis and description of electronic music using traditional means is complicated, since the material under study is not noted: all transformations carried out by the interpreter are fixed only in the audiorecord. The analysis of transcriptions is complicated by the fact that electronic instruments are regularly upgraded and transformed, and therefore their artistic capacity is increased. The change of instruments caused the transformation of approach to music art. The article analyzes the transformation of the author’s text, the transformation of a piano texture into the electronic score, and the role of the arranger as a co-author of the composition.
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Schwark, Ryan, Rodrigo Andrade y Maria Bykhovskaia. "Synapsin II Directly Suppresses Epileptic Seizures In Vivo". Brain Sciences 12, n.º 3 (28 de febrero de 2022): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12030325.
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The synapsin family offers a strong linkage between synaptic mechanisms and the epileptic phenotype. Synapsins are phosphoproteins reversibly associated with synaptic vesicles. Synapsin deficiency can cause epilepsy in humans, and synapsin II (SynII) in knockout (KO) mice causes generalized epileptic seizures. To differentiate between the direct effect of SynII versus its secondary adaptations, we used neonatal intracerebroventricular injections of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing SynII. We found that SynII reintroduction diminished the enhanced synaptic activity in Syn2 KO hippocampal slices. Next, we employed the epileptogenic agent 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and found that SynII reintroduction completely rescued the epileptiform activity observed in Syn2 KO slices upon 4-AP application. Finally, we developed a protocol to provoke behavioral seizures in young Syn2 KO animals and found that SynII reintroduction balances the behavioral seizures. To elucidate the mechanisms through which SynII suppresses hyperexcitability, we injected the phospho-incompetent version of Syn2 that had the mutated protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation site. The introduction of the phospho-incompetent SynII mutant suppressed the epileptiform and seizure activity in Syn2 KO mice, but not to the extent observed upon the reintroduction of native SynII. These findings show that SynII can directly suppress seizure activity and that PKA phosphorylation contributes to this function.
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Yan, Kuan, Runjun Jia y Sheng Guo. "Abstract 3515: SynAI: An AI-driven cancer drug synergism prediction platform". Cancer Research 84, n.º 6_Supplement (22 de marzo de 2024): 3515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-3515.
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Abstract Introduction: The SynAI solution is an adaptive AI-driven in silico drug synergism screening solution aiming to discover the potential therapeutic value of compounds at an early development stage. Given one of both compound inputs in SMILE sequences, SynAI can predict the potential Bliss score of compounds in any given cell line without the need for compound synthesis or structural analysis.The evaluation version of SynAI is accessible at https://synai.crownbio.com Methods: The AI core of SynAI was constructed using the MLP (multi-layer perceptron) network under the PyTorch machine learning framework. The AI core of SynAI was trained against NCI-Almanac and DrugCombDB datasets. In total, these datasets consist of over 12 million in vitro synergism tests across 150 cancer cell lines of different origins. On average, each cell line is tested against over 6000 two-compound combinations of FDA-approved cancer drugs. One MLP network was trained for each cell line. Essentially, these networks predict the Bliss score for any combination of SMILE-based feature sets known as molecular fingerprints. The networks were trained against the NCI Almanac set and verified against NCI and DrugCombDB using n-fold cross-validation to avoid model overfitting. During the training, a hyperparameter tuning (HT) study was performed for SynAI and other popular algorithms; allowing an objective comparison of SynAI performances. Results: Compared to existing synergism prediction platforms, SynAI yields similar performance in all categories (cf. Table 1) but provides more flexibility for data input using SMILE sequences directly. In addition, the AI core of SynAI can be constantly updated with new inputs from different cell lines and drug combinations. Table 1. Pearson cross correlation (PCC) between measured and predicted Bliss scores of NCI test set Conclusions: Its adaptive and dynamic nature allows SynAI to learn from new data feeds from future studies and has significant potential in reducing the time and cost of synergism screening. PCC Score Cell Lines Algorithm MCF7 OVCAR-8 SK-MEL-5 SynAI 0.68 ± 0.02 0.56 ± 0.07 0.86 ± 0.02 RF 0.64 ± 0.02 0.55 ± 0.03 0.89 ± 0.02 GBX 0.66 ± 0.02 0.48 ± 0.05 0.88 ± 0.02 RNN 0.54 ± 0.12 0.43 ± 0.06 0.83 ± 0.08 Citation Format: Kuan Yan, Runjun Jia, Sheng Guo. SynAI: An AI-driven cancer drug synergism prediction platform [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3515.
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Rinne, Marketta, Pekka Huhtanen y Juha Nousiainen. "Säilörehun ja koko rehuannoksen syönti-indeksit auttavat lypsylehmien ruokinnan suunnittelussa". Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, n.º 23 (31 de enero de 2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75909.
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Rehujen vapaaehtoisen syönnin arviointi on yksi ruokinnansuunnittelun tärkeimmistä asioista, koska syönnin vaihtelu on erittäin suurta. Se vaikuttaa lehmien ravintoaineiden saannin vaihteluun huomattavasti enemmän kuin esimerkiksi rehujen sulavien ravintoaineiden pitoisuuden vaihtelu. Rehujen vapaaehtoisen syönnin määrään vaikuttavat eläimen, ympäristön, rehuannoksen ja yksittäisten rehujen ominaisuudet ja näiden tekijöiden yhdysvaikutukset. Tässä artikkelissa esitetään ns. Tuotosvasteaineistoon perustuen suhteelliset säilörehun ja koko rehuannoksen syönti-indeksit, joiden perusteella voidaan arvioida säilörehun laadun sekä väkirehuruokinnan määrän ja laadun vaikutuksia rehujen syönnin suhteelliseen muutokseen tilanteissa, joissa ruokinta perustuu vapaaseen säilörehun syöttöön tai seosrehuruokintaan. Säilörehun syönti-indeksi suurenee, kun säilörehun sulavuus (D-arvo) suurenee ja käymislaatu paranee (kokonaishappojen pitoisuus pienenee). Kuiva-ainepitoisuuden vaikutus on käyräviivainen siten, että syönti on suurimmillaan kun säilörehun kuiva-ainepitoisuus on n. 420 g/kg KA. Ensimmäisen sadon rehua syödään enemmän kuin koostumukseltaan samanlaista mutta jälkisadosta tehtyä rehua. Palkokasveja tai kokoviljasäilörehua sisältävän säilörehun vapaaehtoinen syönti on suurempi kuin pelkistä nurmiheinistä tehdyn koostumukseltaan vastaavan säilörehun. Vaikutukset ovat käyräviivaisia ja yhtälöitä kannattaa käyttää siten, että korkeintaan puolet säilörehun kuiva-aineesta on muita kasvilajeja myös tilanteissa, joissa niiden pitoisuus todellisuudessa on suurempi. Väkirehuannoksen suurentaminen vähensi säilörehun vapaaehtoista syöntiä siten, että korvaussuhde [vapaasti syötetyn säilörehun syönnin väheneminen, kun väkirehun saantia lisätään (kg KA/kg KA)] oli keskimäärin 0.47. Korvaussuhde ei kuitenkaan ollut lineaarinen vaan säilörehun syönti vähentyi enemmän kun väkirehuannokset olivat suuria. Väkirehun valkuaispitoisuuden suureneminen lisäsi säilörehun syöntiä käyräviivaisesti, mutta valkuaisen hajoavuuden lisääntyminen vähensi sitä. Väkirehun kuitupitoisuuden suureneminen lisäsi, mutta rasvapitoisuuden suureneminen vähensi säilörehun vapaaehtoista syöntiä. Väkirehun energiapitoisuuden muutokset lehmien energian saantiin ovat siis vapaalla säilörehuruokinnalla odotettua vähäisempiä. Yhdistämällä säilörehun ja väkirehun syönti-indeksit voidaan arvioida koko rehuannoksen syöntipotentiaali. Säilörehun ja koko rehuannoksen syönti-indeksejä voidaan hyödyntää kun arvioidaan, miten paljon rehuannoksen syönti muuttuu sen koostumusta muutettaessa. Säilörehuerän vaihtamisen yhteydessä voidaan syönti-indeksejä tarkastelemalla valita väkirehuannos siten, että kokonaissyönti ja maitotuotos pysyvät halutulla tasolla. Syönti-indeksien laskemiseen on Artturi-verkkopalvelussa (www.mtt.fi/artturi) käytettävissä laskurit. Rehuannoksen koostumuksen vaikutusten tunteminen lehmien vapaaehtoiseen syöntiin tekee mahdolliseksi lehmien ravintoaineiden saannin ja maidontuotannon mallintamisen ja mallien käytön ruokinnan optimoinnissa. Kun rehuannoksen vaikutukset syöntiin on mallinnettu, on jatkotutkimuksissa mahdollista selvittää eläintekijöiden vaikutusta syöntiin.
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Mahmood, Usman, David D. B. Bates, Yusuf E. Erdi, Lorenzo Mannelli, Giuseppe Corrias y Christopher Kanan. "Deep Learning and Domain-Specific Knowledge to Segment the Liver from Synthetic Dual Energy CT Iodine Scans". Diagnostics 12, n.º 3 (10 de marzo de 2022): 672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12030672.
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We map single energy CT (SECT) scans to synthetic dual-energy CT (synth-DECT) material density iodine (MDI) scans using deep learning (DL) and demonstrate their value for liver segmentation. A 2D pix2pix (P2P) network was trained on 100 abdominal DECT scans to infer synth-DECT MDI scans from SECT scans. The source and target domain were paired with DECT monochromatic 70 keV and MDI scans. The trained P2P algorithm then transformed 140 public SECT scans to synth-DECT scans. We split 131 scans into 60% train, 20% tune, and 20% held-out test to train four existing liver segmentation frameworks. The remaining nine low-dose SECT scans tested system generalization. Segmentation accuracy was measured with the dice coefficient (DSC). The DSC per slice was computed to identify sources of error. With synth-DECT (and SECT) scans, an average DSC score of 0.93±0.06 (0.89±0.01) and 0.89±0.01 (0.81±0.02) was achieved on the held-out and generalization test sets. Synth-DECT-trained systems required less data to perform as well as SECT-trained systems. Low DSC scores were primarily observed around the scan margin or due to non-liver tissue or distortions within ground-truth annotations. In general, training with synth-DECT scans resulted in improved segmentation performance with less data.
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Sormunen-Cristian, Riitta, Päivi Nykänen-Kurki y Lauri Jauhiainen. "Karitsoiden kuiva-aineen syönnin määrittäminen n-alkaaneilla valkoapilaheinäruokinnalla". Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, n.º 21 (31 de enero de 2006): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.76751.
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Perinteisesti laitumen syönnin määritys on perustunut kokonaissonnankeruuseen tai häkkimenetelmään(Leaver 1985). Sonnan kokonaiskeruumenetelmä on tarkka, mutta työläs ja eläimen kannaltaepämiellyttävä. Se saattaa myös muuttaa eläimen laidunkäyttäytymistä (Cordova ym. 1978). Häkkimenetelmämäärittää laiduntavan eläinryhmän kokonaissyönnin. Yksilöllistä kuiva-aineen syöntiätarvitaan eläimen ravinnontarpeen määrittämiseen laitumella ja sitä kautta laidunjärjestelmien kehittämiseen.Yksilöllinen syönti saadaan selville n-alkaaneilla, jotka ovat hiiltä sisältäviä kasvivahankemiallisia aineosia (Mayes ym. 1986). Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää, soveltuuko n-alkaanimenetelmäkaritsoiden syönnin määritykseen myös valkoapilapitoisella laidunruoholla. Karkearehuinaolivat typpilannoittamaton valkoapila-heinäruoho (VA) ja typpilannoittamaton heinäruoho(0N). Tutkimus koostui yhdestä sisäruokinta- ja kahdesta laidunkokeesta.Sisäruokintakokeessa karitsat olivat sulavuuskoehäkeissä, joista sonta ja virtsa voitiin kerätä talteen.Sisällä syönti määritettiin punnitsemalla, kokonaissontamäärän perusteella sekä C33:C32-alkaaniparilla.Laitumella syönti määritettiin samoilla alkaaneilla kuin sisälläkin. Alkaani-C32:ta annettiin karitsoillekapseliin punnittuna 120 mg päivässä 12 päivän ajan. Viiden viimeisen päivän aikana karitsoiltakerättiin papana- ja rehunäytteet analyyseja varten.Ruohon valkoapilapitoisuus oli 40-50 %. VA- ja 0N-ruohon alkaaneilla määritetty kuiva-aineensulavuus (77,4 vs. 77,0 %) oli lähes sama kuin kokonaissonnan perusteella laskettu kuiva-aineen sulavuus(77,9 vs. 77,2 %). C29- ja C31-alkaaneja esiintyi ruohoissa eniten, kun taas C30- ja C32-pitoisuudetolivat alhaisia. Johtuen ruohon vanhemmasta kasvuasteesta alkaanipitoisuudet olivat sisäruokinnassaalempia kuin laitumella. 0N-ruokinnalla alkaani-C32:sta erittyi sonnassa 94,7 % ja alkaani-C33:sta 93,0%. Vastaavat luvut VA-ruokinnalla olivat 92,0 % ja 65,5 %. Punnittu VA:n kuiva-aineen (ka) syöntioli keskimäärin 0,74 kg päivässä (57 g/kgW0,75) ja 0N:n syönti 0,89 kg (65 g/kgW0,75). C33:n alhaisenerittymisen takia alkaaneilla määritetty syönti oli VA-ruokinnalla aliarvioitu. VA-rehun punnittu syöntioli 0,219 kg ka suurempi kuin alkaaneilla määritetty syönti. 0N-rehun vastaava ero oli vain 0,018 kgka. Laitumella karitsat söivät VA-rehua enemmän kuin 0N-rehua (1,33 vs. 1,20 kg ka/karitsa /pv, 89vs. 84 g ka/kgW0,75). Alkaanien erittymistä sonnassa ei laitumella voitu laskea, koska kokonaissonnankeruutaei tehty.Tulosten perusteella näyttää siltä, että lannoittamattoman heinäruohon syönti voidaan määrittääC33:C32-parilla riittävän tarkasti, edellyttäen kuitenkin, että molempien alkaanien erittyminen sonnassaon samansuuruista. Lisätutkimuksella olisi syytä selvittää, onko valkoapila-heinäruoholle tyypillistä,että C33-alkaania erittyy sonnassa selvästi vähemmän kuin C32-alkaania.
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Johnson, Sorvina, Logan, Moore, Heatlie, Parkinson-Lawrence, Selemidis, O’Leary, Butler y Brooks. "A Paradigm in Immunochemistry, Revealed by Monoclonal Antibodies to Spatially Distinct Epitopes on Syntenin-1". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n.º 23 (29 de noviembre de 2019): 6035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20236035.
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Syntenin-1 is an essential multi-functional adaptor protein, which has multiple roles in membrane trafficking and exosome biogenesis, as well as scaffolding interactions with either the actin cytoskeleton or focal adhesions. However, how this functional multiplicity relates to syntenin-1 distribution in different endosome compartments or other intracellular locations and its underlying involvement in cancer pathogenesis have yet to be fully defined. To help facilitate the investigation of syntenin-1 biology, we developed two specific monoclonal antibodies (Synt-2C6 and Synt-3A11) to spatially distinct linear sequence epitopes on syntenin-1, which were each designed to be unique at the six-amino acid level. These antibodies produced very different intracellular staining patterns, with Synt-2C6 detecting endosomes and Synt-3A11 producing a fibrillar staining pattern suggesting a cytoskeletal localisation. Treatment of cells with Nocodazole altered the intracellular localisation of Synt-3A11, which was consistent with the syntenin-1 protein interacting with microtubules. In prostate tissue biopsies, Synt-3A11 defined atrophy and early-stage prostate cancer, whereas Synt-2C6 only showed minimal interaction with atrophic tissue. This highlights a critical need for site-specific antibodies and a knowledge of their reactivity to define differential protein distributions, interactions and functions, which may differ between normal and malignant cells.
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Kwak, Youn-Tae, Sribalasubashini Muralimanoharan, Aishwarya A. Gogate y Carole R. Mendelson. "Human Trophoblast Differentiation Is Associated With Profound Gene Regulatory and Epigenetic Changes". Endocrinology 160, n.º 9 (11 de julio de 2019): 2189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2019-00144.
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Abstract Defective placental implantation and vascularization with accompanying hypoxia contribute to preeclampsia (PE), a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying differentiation of proliferative cytotrophoblasts (CytTs) to multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (SynT) are incompletely defined. The SynT performs key functions in nutrient and gas exchange, hormone production, and protection of the fetus from rejection by the maternal immune system. In this study, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing of midgestation human trophoblasts before CytT and after SynT differentiation in primary culture to analyze changes in binding of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and of active and repressive histone marks during SynT differentiation. Our findings reveal that increased Pol II binding to promoters of a subset of genes during trophoblast differentiation was closely correlated with active histone marks. This gene set was enriched in those controlling immune response and immune modulation, including interferon-induced tetratricopeptide repeat and placenta-specific glycoprotein gene family members. By contrast, genes downregulated during SynT differentiation included proinflammatory transcription factors ERG1, cFOS, and cJUN, as well as members of the NR4A orphan nuclear receptor subfamily, NUR77, NURR1, and NOR1. Downregulation of proinflammatory transcription factors upon SynT differentiation was associated with decreased promoter enrichment of endogenous H3K27Ac and H3K9Ac and enhanced binding of H3K9me3 and histone deacetylase 1. However, promoter enrichment of H3K27me3 was low in both CytT and SynT and was not altered with changes in gene expression. These findings provide important insight into mechanisms underlying human trophoblast differentiation and may identify therapeutic targets for placental disorders, such as PE.
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Oh, H. J., M. J. Kim, G. A. Kim, E. M. N. Setyawan, S. H. Lee y B. C. Lee. "91 Expression Pattern of Neuron-Specific Red Fluorescence Protein in Nervous System of Transgenic Dog with Human Synapsin I Promoter". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, n.º 1 (2018): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv30n1ab91.
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Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, affect neurons in large areas within the central nervous system. The selective expression of disease-causing and therapeutic genes in susceptible regions and cell types is critical to the generation of animal models. In our previous studies, we reported production of a transgenic dog by nuclear transfer using donor cells that had been stably transfected by vector containing the red fluorescence protein (RFP) and human synapsin I (SynI) promoter, a neuron-specific promoter. Here, we evaluated whether RFP expression in transgenic dog with SynI (SynI dog) had high neuronal specificity and strong transcriptional activity. For confirmation of neuron-specific RFP expression, tissue samples were obtained from a killed 4-year-old SynI dog. Quantification of RFP in heart, kidney, liver, lung, spleen, cerebrum, cerebrum, cerebellum, midbrain, hippocampus, peripheral nerves, skin, and spinal cord of SynI dog was analysed using ELISA (Cell Biolabs, San Diego, CA, USA). Moreover, the distribution of RFP activity in neural system of the SynI dog was determined by immunohistochemistry. The first antibody, rabbit polyclonal RFP antibody (1:200, ab62341, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) was applied, and antibody labelling was visualised by incubation with avidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex (1:1,000; ABC Elite, Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA). In the 4-year-old SynI dog, RFP was observed only in neuronal tissues including brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, but was not detected in non-neuronal tissue such as heart, kidney, and skin. In addition, robust RFP expression was observed in the neurons of the peripheral nerve, spinal cord, and prefrontal cortex. In the hippocampus and cerebellum, the RFP-expressing cells appeared heterogeneous in hippocampus neurons and purkinje cells. In conclusion, we report that human SynI promoter is functional in neural cells of dogs. A neural specific-transgene expressed dog could be applied as a research tool in the study of neurodegenerative disorders. This research was supported by RDA (#PJ010928032017), Korea IPET (#316002-05-2-SB010), NRF (#2016R1D1A1B03932198), and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, the BK21 plus program.
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Schiller, Isabel S., Karolin Krüger, Firdous Bin Ismail, Sabine J. Schlittmeier y Gerhard Schmidt. "Voice quality alteration and its potential implications for voice therapy". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, n.º 4_supplement (1 de octubre de 2023): A352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023769.
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Modulating a speaker’s auditory feedback is a valuable technique for investigating vocal motor control. In auditory feedback alteration (AFA) experiments, participants receive real-time perturbed feedback of their voice through earphones while producing vocalizations into a microphone. Previous studies primarily focused on pitch and amplitude alterations, which typically result in compensatory vocal responses. The purpose of this study is to present a voice resynthesis system, called VQ-Synth, designed for real-time auditory feedback alteration of the speaker’s voice quality in terms of hoarseness. While an initial version of VQ-Synth was implemented using Matlab, the system has now been enhanced in a real-time framework written in ANSI-C to achieve effective voice quality resynthesis with minimal delay. Additionally, a graphical user interface (GUI) was implemented to guide participants through the experiment. This work presents the technical architecture of VQ-Synth and its intended application in AFA experiments involving both healthy and dysphonic speakers. Furthermore, we discuss the potential implications of the system in the context of auditory cognition and voice therapy. We hope that the novel capabilities of VQ-Synth open up exciting possibilities for investigating how alterations in voice quality affect vocal motor control and how this knowledge can be applied in therapeutic settings.
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Pogorelov, Vladimir M., Hung-Teh Kao, George J. Augustine y William C. Wetsel. "Postsynaptic Mechanisms Render Syn I/II/III Mice Highly Responsive to Psychostimulants". International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 22, n.º 7 (15 de abril de 2019): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyz019.
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Abstract Background Synapsins are encoded by SYN I, SYN II, and SYN III, and they regulate neurotransmitter release by maintaining a reserve pool of synaptic vesicles. Methods Presynaptic dopamine responses to cocaine were examined by microdialysis, and postsynaptic responses were evaluated to various dopamine receptor agonists in the open field with SynI/SynII/SynIII triple knockout mice. Results Triple knockout mice showed enhanced spontaneous locomotion in a novel environment and were hyper-responsive to indirect and direct D1 and D2 dopamine agonists. Triple knockout animals appeared sensitized to cocaine upon first open field exposure; sensitization developed across days in wild-type controls. When mutants were preexposed to a novel environment before injection, cocaine-stimulated locomotion was reduced and behavioral sensitization retarded. Baseline dopamine turnover was enhanced in mutants and novel open field exposure increased their striatal dopamine synthesis rates. As KCl-depolarization stimulated comparable dopamine release in both genotypes, their readily releasable pools appeared indistinguishable. Similarly, cocaine-induced hyperlocomotion was indifferent to blockade of newly synthesized dopamine and depletion of releasable dopamine pools. Extracellular dopamine release was similar in wild-type and triple knockout mice preexposed to the open field and given cocaine or placed immediately into the arena following injection. Since motor effects to novelty and psychostimulants depend upon frontocortical-striatal inputs, we inhibited triple knockout medial frontal cortex with GABA agonists. Locomotion was transiently increased in cocaine-injected mutants, while their supersensitive cocaine response to novelty was lost. Conclusions These results reveal presynaptic dopamine release is not indicative of agonist-induced triple knockout hyperlocomotion. Instead, their novelty response occurs primarily through postsynaptic mechanisms and network effects.
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Zhang, Ming, Sribalasubashini Muralimanoharan, Alison C. Wortman y Carole R. Mendelson. "Primate-specific miR-515 family members inhibit key genes in human trophoblast differentiation and are upregulated in preeclampsia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n.º 45 (24 de octubre de 2016): E7069—E7076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607849113.
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Dysregulation of human trophoblast invasion and differentiation can result in preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with significant morbidity and mortality for mother and offspring. miRNA microarray analysis of RNA from human cytotrophoblasts (CytT), before and after differentiation to syncytiotrophoblast (SynT) in primary culture, revealed that members of miR-515 family—including miR-515-5p, miR-519e-5p, miR-519c-3p, and miR-518f, belonging to the primate- and placenta-specific chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC)—were significantly down-regulated upon human SynT differentiation. The proto-oncogene, c-MYC, which declines during SynT differentiation, interacted with E-boxes upstream of pri-miR-515-1 and pri-miR-515-2, encoding these mRNAs, to enhance their expression. Predicted targets of miR-515-5p, known to be critical for human SynT differentiation, including hCYP19A1/aromatase P450, glial cells missing 1 (GCM1), frizzled 5 (FZD5), WNT2, Sp1, and estrogen receptor-α (ERα) mRNA, were markedly up-regulated during SynT differentiation. Notably, overexpression of miR-515-5p in cultured primary human trophoblasts impaired SynT differentiation and specifically decreased expression of hCYP19A1, GCM1, and Fzd5, which were validated as its direct targets. Interestingly, miR-515-5p levels were significantly increased in PE placentas, whereas mRNA and protein levels of targets, hCYP19A1, GCM1, and FZD5, were significantly decreased, compared with placentas of normotensive women. Thus, miR-515-5p may serve a key role in human trophoblast differentiation; its aberrant up-regulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of PE.
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Forte, N., F. Binda, A. Contestabile, F. Benfenati y P. Baldelli. "Synapsin I Synchronizes GABA Release in Distinct Interneuron Subpopulations". Cerebral Cortex 30, n.º 3 (30 de agosto de 2019): 1393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz174.
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Abstract Neurotransmitters can be released either synchronously or asynchronously with respect to action potential timing. Synapsins (Syns) are a family of synaptic vesicle (SV) phosphoproteins that assist gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release and allow a physiological excitation/inhibition balance. Consistently, deletion of either or both Syn1 and Syn2 genes is epileptogenic. In this work, we have characterized the effect of SynI knockout (KO) in the regulation of GABA release dynamics. Using patch-clamp recordings in hippocampal slices, we demonstrate that the lack of SynI impairs synchronous GABA release via a reduction of the readily releasable SVs and, in parallel, increases asynchronous GABA release. The effects of SynI deletion on synchronous GABA release were occluded by ω-AgatoxinIVA, indicating the involvement of P/Q-type Ca2+channel-expressing neurons. Using in situ hybridization, we show that SynI is more expressed in parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, characterized by synchronous release, than in cholecystokinin or SOM interneurons, characterized by a more asynchronous release. Optogenetic activation of PV and SOM interneurons revealed a specific reduction of synchronous release in PV/SynIKO interneurons associated with an increased asynchronous release in SOM/SynIKO interneurons. The results demonstrate that SynI is differentially expressed in interneuron subpopulations, where it boosts synchronous and limits asynchronous GABA release.
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Kallio, Eeva. "Modernin tieteen rajapinnoilla : kaksi teosta tieteellisen vallankumouksen aikakaudelta". Aikuiskasvatus 31, n.º 3 (15 de septiembre de 2011): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33336/aik.93948.
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Aleš, Z. "Field experience with transmission oil EP Gear Synth 150". Research in Agricultural Engineering 55, No. 1 (11 de febrero de 2009): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7/2008-rae.
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The machinery operated in agriculture and forestry has been required to use less harmful vital fluids since a few years ago. These requirements are highly urged especially for the machines which are operated close to aquatic resources, water flows, fields, and in forests. Biodegradable vital fluids seem as a suitable solution from the environmental viewpoint. On the other hand, from the technical viewpoint their usage seems sort of problematic. The author started to carry out long-term stability tests of biodegradable transmission oil and mineral transmission oil used in tractor end rear boxes in the dependence on the operating time. This article pinpoints partial results of the operational tests and evaluates the impact on the technical condition of the machinery.
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Harjunen, Catarina. "Hur häxorna lärde sig flyga och andra avslöjanden om Europas häxprocesser". Budkavlen 86 (6 de junio de 2023): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37447/bk.130267.
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Grundy, Seamus, Manminder Kaur, Jonathan Plumb, Sophie Reynolds, Simon Hall, David House, Malcolm Begg, David Ray y Dave Singh. "CRAC channel inhibition produces greater anti-inflammatory effects than glucocorticoids in CD8 cells from COPD patients". Clinical Science 126, n.º 3 (9 de octubre de 2013): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20130152.
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There are increased numbers of pulmonary CD8 lymphocytes in COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). CRAC (calcium release-activation calcium) channels play a central role in lymphocyte activation though the regulation of the transcription factor NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells). We studied the expression of NFAT in lungs from COPD patients compared with controls, and evaluated the effects of CRAC channel inhibition compared with corticosteroids on NFAT activation and cytokine production in CD8 cells from COPD patients. The effects of the corticosteroid dexamethasone, the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin and the CRAC channel inhibitor Synta 66 were studied on cytokine production and NFAT activation using peripheral blood and isolated pulmonary CD8 cells. NFAT1 and CD8 co-expression in the lungs was compared in COPD patients and controls using combined immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. NFAT inhibition with either cyclosporin or Synta 66 resulted in significantly greater maximal inhibition of cytokines than dexamethasone in both peripheral blood and pulmonary CD8 cells [e.g. >95% inhibition of IFNγ (interferon γ) production from pulmonary CD8 cells using cyclosporin and Synta 66 compared with <50% using dexamethasone]. The absolute number of pulmonary CD8 cells co-expressing NFAT1 was significantly raised in lungs from COPD patients compared with controls, but the percentage of CD8 cells co-expressing NFAT1 was similar between COPD patients and controls (80.7% compared with 78.5% respectively, P=0.3). Inhibition of NFAT using the CRAC channel Synta 66 produces greater anti-inflammatory effects on CD8 cells from COPD patients than corticosteroids. NFAT is expressed at a high level in pulmonary CD8 cells in COPD.
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Podlas, Kimberlianne. "The Tales Television Tells: Understanding the Nomos Through Television". Texas Wesleyan Law Review 13, n.º 1 (octubre de 2006): 31–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v13.i1.2.
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This Article argues that to understand the nomos we must study law and litigation as represented in pop culture, specifically, on television. We must acknowledge the power of legal pop culture, and then read, translate, and discern the meanings of its stories. Moreover, because the various pop cultural representations of law exert neither the same function nor force, we must also consider pop legal culture with an eye toward understanding the impact of these lexi-cultural texts. After synopsizing Cover's theory of nomos, this Article defines narrative and its critical role in understanding and institutionalizing law. Recognizing law's rich narrative regime, this Article locates within contemporary culture the dominant legal narratives. It argues that law's primary narratives appear in pop culture, commonly on television's syndicated daytime courtrooms. Indeed, the narrative structure of syndi-court as enhanced by its television production elements make it a powerful narrative force. Relying on cultivation theory adapted for genre-specific effects, this Article reports a group of studies investigating syndi-court's narrative function, that is, its ability to impart factual legal knowledge (legal rules) and normative legal knowledge as expressed as values and heuristics guiding legally-implicated behavior. The results suggest that while syndi-court does not teach specific legal rules, it does impart normative knowledge, such as when and how to litigate, along with the cultural and moral appropriateness of doing so. This Article concludes by extrapolating these results to build a theory explaining the particular ways in which syndi-court contributes to the nomos.
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Bestley, Russ. "Album Review". Punk & Post Punk 8, n.º 3 (1 de octubre de 2019): 473–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/punk_00012_5.
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Ibarra-Sánchez, Alejandro, Juan Enrique Rodríguez-Pérez y Jaime Sahagun-Castellanos. "General inbreeding coefficient of maize synthetics derived from three-way line hybrids". REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA 37, n.º 4 (28 de octubre de 2019): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.28940/terra.v37i4.545.
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The scarcity of pure and unrelated maize inbred lines that possess high combining ability in Mexico has led breeders wishing to form single crosses to develop double-cross or three-way line hybrids (TWLHs) instead. However, some of the farmers who grow these hybrids cultivate their advanced generations later on. Although the resulting populations can be viewed as the synthetics that the random mating of the parental lines (SynL) of these hybrids would produce, there may be differences. The synthetic variety whose parents are t TWLHs (SynT) is interesting because the contributed gene frequencies of the three lines that are parents of a TWLH are not balanced and this may generate a difference between the inbreeding coeff icients (ICs) of the SynL and SynT. Since an unbiased and general inbreeding coeff icient of the SynT and a prediction formula for the SynT genotypic mean (GM) are not yet known, the objective of this study was to derive formulae for these two important parameters of SynT. To form the t TWLHs, it was assumed that 3t unrelated lines whose IC was F (0 ≤ F ≤ 1) were used. Unbiased and general formulae for FSynT and GM were derived for the f irst time. In particular, it was found that FSynT = [3(1 + F)]/(16t). Since the inbreeding coeff icient of the SynL derived from the same 3t lines is (1 + F)/(6t), then FSynT > FSynL. These f indings suggest that the genotypic mean of the SynL grain yield is larger than the SynT’s.
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Wen, Linyuan, Shiqun Shan, Weipeng Lai, Jinwen Shi, Mingtao Li, Yingzhe Liu, Maochang Liu y Zhaohui Zhou. "Accelerating the Design of High-Energy-Density Hydrocarbon Fuels by Learning from the Data". Molecules 28, n.º 21 (31 de octubre de 2023): 7361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28217361.
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In the ZINC20 database, with the aid of maximum substructure searches, common substructures were obtained from molecules with high-strain-energy and combustion heat values, and further provided domain knowledge on how to design high-energy-density hydrocarbon (HEDH) fuels. Notably, quadricyclane and syntin could be topologically assembled through these substructures, and the corresponding assembled schemes guided the design of 20 fuel molecules (ZD-1 to ZD-20). The fuel properties of the molecules were evaluated by using group-contribution methods and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, where ZD-6 stood out due to the high volumetric net heat of combustion, high specific impulse, low melting point, and acceptable flash point. Based on the neural network model for evaluating the synthetic complexity (SCScore), the estimated value of ZD-6 was close to that of syntin, indicating that the synthetic complexity of ZD-6 was comparable to that of syntin. This work not only provides ZD-6 as a potential HEDH fuel, but also illustrates the superiority of learning design strategies from the data in increasing the understanding of structure and performance relationships and accelerating the development of novel HEDH fuels.
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Dhara, Madhurima, Antonio Yarzagaray, Yvonne Schwarz, Soumyajit Dutta, Chad Grabner, Paanteha K. Moghadam, Anneka Bost et al. "Complexin synchronizes primed vesicle exocytosis and regulates fusion pore dynamics". Journal of Cell Biology 204, n.º 7 (31 de marzo de 2014): 1123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201311085.
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ComplexinII (CpxII) and SynaptotagminI (SytI) have been implicated in regulating the function of SNARE proteins in exocytosis, but their precise mode of action and potential interplay have remained unknown. In this paper, we show that CpxII increases Ca2+-triggered vesicle exocytosis and accelerates its secretory rates, providing two independent, but synergistic, functions to enhance synchronous secretion. Specifically, we demonstrate that the C-terminal domain of CpxII increases the pool of primed vesicles by hindering premature exocytosis at submicromolar Ca2+ concentrations, whereas the N-terminal domain shortens the secretory delay and accelerates the kinetics of Ca2+-triggered exocytosis by increasing the Ca2+ affinity of synchronous secretion. With its C terminus, CpxII attenuates fluctuations of the early fusion pore and slows its expansion but is functionally antagonized by SytI, enabling rapid transmitter discharge from single vesicles. Thus, our results illustrate how key features of CpxII, SytI, and their interplay transform the constitutively active SNARE-mediated fusion mechanism into a highly synchronized, Ca2+-triggered release apparatus.
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Mohammadshahi, Alireza y James Henderson. "Recursive Non-Autoregressive Graph-to-Graph Transformer for Dependency Parsing with Iterative Refinement". Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 9 (febrero de 2021): 120–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00358.
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We propose the Recursive Non-autoregressive Graph-to-Graph Transformer architecture (RNGTr) for the iterative refinement of arbitrary graphs through the recursive application of a non-autoregressive Graph-to-Graph Transformer and apply it to syntactic dependency parsing. We demonstrate the power and effectiveness of RNGTr on several dependency corpora, using a refinement model pre-trained with BERT. We also introduce Syntactic Transformer (SynTr), a non-recursive parser similar to our refinement model. RNGTr can improve the accuracy of a variety of initial parsers on 13 languages from the Universal Dependencies Treebanks, English and Chinese Penn Treebanks, and the German CoNLL2009 corpus, even improving over the new state-of-the-art results achieved by SynTr, significantly improving the state-of-the-art for all corpora tested.
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SHEN, ZONG-YU, HUNG-EN SU y YU-FENG HSU. "Rediscovery of the mysterious Taiwanese micromoth Pachyrhabda citrinacma Meyrick, 1936 (Stathmopodidae) in museum and field, with notes on the fern-spore feeding larva". Zootaxa 5446, n.º 2 (30 de abril de 2024): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5446.2.11.
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Pachyrhabda citrinacma Meyrick, 1936, an endemic species to Formosa (Taiwan), was named by Edward Meyrick based on two specimens collected by Syuti Issiki. Despite some newly discovered stathmopodids exhibiting characteristics matching the original description, the lack of information regarding the type specimen depository led to the species remaining elusive since its initial naming. In this study, we successfully rediscovered a P. citrinacma specimen at the Insect Museum of National Taiwan University, where Syuti Issiki used to conduct research. The present article provides comprehensive morphological details for both sexes, as well as unveiling the genitalia characters and life history of this species for the first time. Larvae feed on spores of a range of fern species belonging to a few different families.
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Setyawati, Dewi, Rina Oktaviani y Tanti Novianti. "PRODUK EKSPOR PROSPEKTIF INDONESIA KE PERU DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENENTU ALIRAN PERDAGANGANNYA KE KAWASAN AMERIKA SELATAN". JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 3, n.º 2 (4 de febrero de 2018): 158–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.3.2.2014.158-176.
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Peru in South America area has potential market for Indonesia’s products and has been established as prospective market. This study is aimed to analyze the performance of bilateral trading between Indonesia and Peru, to analyze the export products prospective for Indonesia-Peru bilateral trading and also the factors affecting its trade flow to South America. The analysis methods used in this research were Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), Intra Industry Trade (IIT) and gravity model. Gravity model used panel data with modification sample cross section data of South America countries (Peru, Argentina, Brazil, Chili, Ecuador, Colombia, Paraguay, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela) from 2000-2013 time series. The result showed that trade balance as indicator of performance in bilateral trading Indonesia-Peru have been increasing. Indonesia’s export product prospective to Peru are HS 4001 (Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha etc), HS 0801 (Brazil nuts, cashew nuts & coconuts), HS 5509 (Yarn of synth staple fibre, not put for retail sale), and HS 4420 (Wood marquetry & inlaid wood; caskets & cases or cutlery of wood). Only HS 5509 (Yarn of synth staple fibre,not put for retail sale) and HS 0801 (Brazil nuts, cashew nuts & coconuts) have weak integration. The gravity model with Fixed Effect Model showed that different GDP per capita and trade/GDP have significant positive effect on value export of product prospective. Tariff have significant negative effect for HS 0801 (Brazil nuts, cashew nuts & coconuts), HS 5509 (Yarn of synth staple fibre,not put for retail sale) dan HS 4420 (Wood marquetry & inlaid wood; caskets & cases or cutlery of wood). Economic distances have significant negative effect exclude HS 4001 (Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha etc). Real exchange rate have significant possitive only for HS 5509 (Yarn of synth staple fibre,not put for retail sale), while the others product have not significant effect. Keywords : Indonesia-Peru-South America Trading, RCA, EPD, IIT, Gravity model
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Setyawati, Dewi, Rina Oktaviani y Tanti Novianti. "PRODUK EKSPOR PROSPEKTIF INDONESIA KE PERU DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENENTU ALIRAN PERDAGANGANNYA KE KAWASAN AMERIKA SELATAN". JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN 3, n.º 2 (4 de febrero de 2018): 158–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jekp.3.2.158-176.
Texto completoResumen
Peru in South America area has potential market for Indonesia’s products and has been established as prospective market. This study is aimed to analyze the performance of bilateral trading between Indonesia and Peru, to analyze the export products prospective for Indonesia-Peru bilateral trading and also the factors affecting its trade flow to South America. The analysis methods used in this research were Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), Intra Industry Trade (IIT) and gravity model. Gravity model used panel data with modification sample cross section data of South America countries (Peru, Argentina, Brazil, Chili, Ecuador, Colombia, Paraguay, Suriname, Uruguay and Venezuela) from 2000-2013 time series. The result showed that trade balance as indicator of performance in bilateral trading Indonesia-Peru have been increasing. Indonesia’s export product prospective to Peru are HS 4001 (Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha etc), HS 0801 (Brazil nuts, cashew nuts & coconuts), HS 5509 (Yarn of synth staple fibre, not put for retail sale), and HS 4420 (Wood marquetry & inlaid wood; caskets & cases or cutlery of wood). Only HS 5509 (Yarn of synth staple fibre,not put for retail sale) and HS 0801 (Brazil nuts, cashew nuts & coconuts) have weak integration. The gravity model with Fixed Effect Model showed that different GDP per capita and trade/GDP have significant positive effect on value export of product prospective. Tariff have significant negative effect for HS 0801 (Brazil nuts, cashew nuts & coconuts), HS 5509 (Yarn of synth staple fibre,not put for retail sale) dan HS 4420 (Wood marquetry & inlaid wood; caskets & cases or cutlery of wood). Economic distances have significant negative effect exclude HS 4001 (Natural rubber, balata, gutta-percha etc). Real exchange rate have significant possitive only for HS 5509 (Yarn of synth staple fibre,not put for retail sale), while the others product have not significant effect. Keywords : Indonesia-Peru-South America Trading, RCA, EPD, IIT, Gravity model
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Matikainen, Janne y Ulla Puro. "Tutor oppivan ryhmän tukena". Aikuiskasvatus 17, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 1997): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33336/aik.92468.
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Alkuaan tutor syntyi yksilöiden oppimisen auttajaksi. Opintokeskuksissa oppiminen on perinteisesti tapahtunut opintokerhoissa, joten on ollut luontevaa soveltaa tutortoimintaa myös oppivaan ryhmään. Seuraavassa kerrotaan, millaisia kokemuksia ja mitä suuntaviivoja ryhmätutoroinnin kehittämiseksi saatiin.
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Valta, Reijo. "Autoalan koulutuksen vaiheet". Tekniikan Waiheita 40, n.º 1 (11 de junio de 2022): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33355/tw.119790.
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Kirja-arvostelu teoksista:
Panu Nykänen. Kun hevosvoimat syrjäyttivät hevosen – Autoalan koulutuksen tarve, synty ja vakiintuminen. SATL 2019.
Panu Nykänen. Kun tietokoneet ottivat ohjat – Autoalan koulutuksen kasvu ja kansainvälistyminen. SATL 2020.
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Marino-Merlo, Francesca, Valeria Stefanizzi, Agnese Ragno, Lucia Piredda, Sandro Grelli, Beatrice Macchi y Antonio Mastino. "Quantitative Evaluation of Very Low Levels of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase by a Novel Highly Sensitive RT-qPCR Assay". Life 12, n.º 8 (27 de julio de 2022): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12081130.
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Based on previous experience in our laboratory, we developed a real-time reverse transcriptase (RT) quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay for the assessment of very low levels of HIV-1 RT activity. The RNA, acting as a template for reverse transcription into cDNA by HIV-1 RT, consisted of a synthetic RNA ad hoc generated by in vitro transcription and included a coding sequence for HSV-1 gD (gD-RNA-synt). Different conditions of variables involved in the RT-qPCR reaction, notably different amounts of gD-RNA-synt, different mixes of the reaction buffer, and different dNTP concentrations, were tested to optimize the assay. The results indicated that the gD-RNA-synt-based RT assay, in its optimized formulation, could detect a specific cDNA reverse transcription even in the presence of 1 × 10−9 U of HIV RT. This achievement greatly improved the sensitivity of the assay over previous versions. In summary, this constructed RT-qPCR assay may be considered a promising tool for providing accurate information on very low HIV-1 RT activity.
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Ilonen, Sanna. "Undergroundista kohti valtavirtaa". Aikuiskasvatus 39, n.º 2 (12 de junio de 2019): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33336/aik.82991.
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Teos kuvaa suomalaisen start-up-yrittäjyysbuumin syntyä punoen kuvaukseen Aaltoes-opiskelijayrittäjyysyhteisön ja sen keskeisten toimijoiden tarinat. Lisäksi teoksessa ovat kansainvälisesti tunnettujen peliyritysten Supercellin ja Rovion ja vuosittaisen teknologia- ja kasvuyritystapahtuma Slushin synty- ja kasvutarinat.
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Budinský, Michal y Vendula Janků. "Porovnání přípravy radiofarmaka 68Ga-PSMA-11 na dvou českých pracovištích". Česká a slovenská farmacie 72, n.º 3 (2023): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/csf2023-3-125.
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Radiopharmaceutical 68Ga-PSMA-11 is one of the newest positron radiopharmaceuticals available for nuclear medicine departments in the Czech Republic. The radiopharmaceutical preparation can be carried out manually or instrumentally using modules for synth
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Ostevik, Kate L., Kieran Samuk y Loren H. Rieseberg. "Ancestral Reconstruction of Karyotypes Reveals an Exceptional Rate of Nonrandom Chromosomal Evolution in Sunflower". Genetics 214, n.º 4 (7 de febrero de 2020): 1031–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.120.303026.
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Mapping the chromosomal rearrangements between species can inform our understanding of genome evolution, reproductive isolation, and speciation. Here, we present a novel algorithm for identifying regions of synteny in pairs of genetic maps, which is implemented in the accompanying R package syntR. The syntR algorithm performs as well as previous ad hoc methods while being systematic, repeatable, and applicable to mapping chromosomal rearrangements in any group of species. In addition, we present a systematic survey of chromosomal rearrangements in the annual sunflowers, which is a group known for extreme karyotypic diversity. We build high-density genetic maps for two subspecies of the prairie sunflower, Helianthus petiolaris ssp. petiolaris and H. petiolaris ssp. fallax. Using syntR, we identify blocks of synteny between these two subspecies and previously published high-density genetic maps. We reconstruct ancestral karyotypes for annual sunflowers using those synteny blocks and conservatively estimate that there have been 7.9 chromosomal rearrangements per million years, a high rate of chromosomal evolution. Although the rate of inversion is even higher than the rate of translocation in this group, we further find that every extant karyotype is distinguished by between one and three translocations involving only 8 of the 17 chromosomes. This nonrandom exchange suggests that specific chromosomes are prone to translocation and may thus contribute disproportionately to widespread hybrid sterility in sunflowers. These data deepen our understanding of chromosome evolution and confirm that Helianthus has an exceptional rate of chromosomal rearrangement that may facilitate similarly rapid diversification.
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Konidena, Rajendra Kumar, Kyung Hyung Lee y Jun Yeob Lee. "6H-Benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-b]indole as a novel donor for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with EQEs over 20%". Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, n.º 44 (2019): 13912–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9tc04679h.
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In this report, we developed two novel indole-based electron donors, 6H-benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-b]indole (synBTI) and 6H-benzofuro[2,3-b]indole (synBFI), for designing green thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters.
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Kupiainen, Reijo. "Monilukutaito muuttaa maailmaa". Aikuiskasvatus 41, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2021): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33336/aik.107394.
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The New London Group (NLG) syntyi kehittämään lukutaidon pedagogiikkaa ja kasvatuksen ja koulutuksen yhdenvertaisuutta. Manifestissaan ryhmä nosti monilukutaidon käsitteen uusien lukutaitojen tutkimuksen, pedagogiikan ja maailman muuttamisen ytimeen. Julkaisu on vaikuttanut laajasti ja syvällisesti uusien lukutaitojen tutkimukseen.
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Solala, Hilja. "Suomalaisen hevosrodun synty. Maatiaishevonen ja kotieläinjalostuksen kansainvälinen murros 1893–1907". Ennen ja nyt: Historian tietosanomat 22, n.º 1 (4 de abril de 2022): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37449/ennenjanyt.111892.
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FM Hilja Solalan historian alaan kuuluva väitöskirja ”Suomalaisen hevosrodun synty. Maatiaishevonen ja kotieläinjalostuksen kansainvälinen murros 1893–1907” tarkastettiin julkisesti Tampereen yliopiston Yhteiskuntatieteiden tiedekunnassa perjantaina 27.8.2021. Vastaväittäjänä toimi dosentti Ann-Catrin Östman Åbo Akademista ja kustoksena professori Pertti Haapala.
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Lappalainen, Eeva-Maija. "Kä-Ki-Ku-oppimistyyli yhdistää kielen ja kulttuurin opetuksen". Aikuiskasvatus 26, n.º 2 (15 de mayo de 2006): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33336/aik.93681.
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Käsityön, kielen ja kulttuurin oppimisen yhdistäminen on harvinaista. Se tarkoittaa sitä, että opetuksen käytännöissä pedagogiikan sisältöalueeksi liitetään harkitun tietoisesti käsityön, kielen ja kulttuurin oppimista. Menetelmä maahanmuuttajien suomen kielen oppimiseksi syntyi käsityön, kielen ja kulttuurin oppimisprosessissa. Väitöstutkimukseni tuloksissa se nimeytyi Kä-Ki-Ku-oppimistyyliksi.
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Oravakangas, Aini. "Gadamerin filosofisesta hermeneutiikasta". Aikuiskasvatus 29, n.º 4 (15 de diciembre de 2009): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33336/aik.94207.
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Käsittelen artikkelissa hermeneuttisen lähestymistavan lähtökohtia Hans-Georg Gadamerin filosofisen hermeneutiikan valossa. Gadamerin filosofiaa on luonnehdittu eräänlaiseksi metahermeneutiikaksi, jossa selvitellään tulkinnan, ymmärtämisen ja merkityksenannon perusteita. Oma dialogini Gadamerin kanssa syntyi kasvatusfilosofian alaan kuuluvassa väitöskirjatyössä, jossa pyrin analysoimaan ja tulkitsemaan suomalaiseen koulutukseen ja kasvatukseen liittyvää yhteiskunnallista keskustelua.
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Pfeil, Hannah, Abram Hindle y Hazel Campbell. "Amazing Grace: How Sweet the Sound of Synthesised Bagpipes". Alberta Academic Review 2, n.º 2 (18 de septiembre de 2019): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/aar65.
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A bagpipe is a type of wind instrument that contains a melody pipe, which has an enclosed reed called the chanter and other drone pipes. The chanter is the part of the bagpipe that supplies the note, and the air that the pipes are fed is provided by the bag, which is inflated by a blowpipe and driven by the player’s arm. The goal of this project was to create a bagpipe using a program called Supercollider. Supercollider is used for audio synthesis. While creating this artificial bagpipe (here on referred to as a ‘synth’), it was broken down into four components: the chanter, the base drone, the first tenor drone and the second tenor drone. The chanter has the frequency of the note, the base drone’s frequency will be half that of the chanter and the frequency of the tenor drone will be half that of the base drone. This is because of the length of the pipes in relation to each other. In order to create the synth, a sine oscillator was used, and then put through a resonance filter, and then a reverb filter. This was done in order to mimic the echo that sound has when it is forced through a tube, or enclosed space. All four pipes were added together to create the synth. In order to play a song, the synth was put into a pattern so Supercollider could receive an array of notes, which serve as the frequency of the chanter, and then play the song automatically. The notes for Amazing Grace were transcribed into midi-notes and beat durations and these arrays were fed into the pattern to create the song. The synthetic version of Amazing Grace, in terms of frequency and loudness, was then graphed and compared to the graph of a recording of Amazing Grace played on a real bagpipe. There are differences between the two sound files, the most significant being that the real bagpipe has much more variation in terms of loudness. The synthesized bagpipe had a more gradual and subdued noise level, where the natural bagpipe was much more randomized. Taking the comparisons into consideration, Supercollider can be used to create an approximation of a bagpipe, but under scrutiny, the artificial version currently falls short.
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Mir, Sonia, Sajda Ashraf, Maria Saeed, Atta-ur Rahman y Zaheer Ul-Haq. "Protonation states at different pH, conformational changes and impact of glycosylation in synapsin Ia". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, n.º 31 (2021): 16718–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp00531f.
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Synapsin I (SynI) is the most abundant brain phosphoprotein present at presynaptic terminals that regulates neurotransmitter release, clustering of synaptic vesicles (SVs) at active zones, and stimulates synaptogenesis and neurite outgrowth.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Synthesis and Characterization of some New 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives based on 4-amino benzoic acid". Baghdad Science Journal 13, n.º 4 (4 de diciembre de 2016): 762–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.13.4.762-769.
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Various of 2,5- disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole (Schiff base, ?- lactam and azo) were synthesized from 2,5-di (4,4?-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazole which usequently synth-esized from mixture of 4- amino benzoic acid and hydrazine arch of polyphosphorus acid. The synthesized compounds were cherecterized by using some spectral data (UV, FT-IR , and 1H-NMR)
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Freeman, Stephanie, Johanna Moisander y Sari Stenfors. "Akateemiset mallit yritysten oppimisympäristöissä". Aikuiskasvatus 24, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2004): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33336/aik.93584.
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Toisen maailmansodan aikana syntyi operaatiotutkimuksen nimeä kantava tieteenhaara, jossa akateemiset tutkijat kytkeytyivät sotatoimien suunnitteluun. Nyt tällaisia operaatiotutkimusta opetetaan yksin Suomessa 14 yliopistossa ja OR-menetelmiä kehitellään palvelemaan yritysten operatiivisten toimintojen optimointia ja strategista päätöksentekoa. Mutta miten nämä kaksi tiedontuottamisen kulttuuria soveltuvat yhteen, yritysmaailma – tai oppivat organisaatiot – toisaalta ja akateeminen maailma toisaalta? Tutkimme yhtä tapausta.
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Calimeri, Teresa, Edmondo Battista, Francesco Conforti, Paola Neri, Maria Teresa Di Martino, Marco Rossi, Umberto Foresta et al. "SCID-Synth-Hu: a Novel Multiple Myeloma Model for In Vivo Expansion of Primary Cells". Blood 116, n.º 21 (19 de noviembre de 2010): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.452.452.
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Abstract Abstract 452 The critical role of the human bone marrow microenvironment (HuBMM) in the pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma (MM) has recently allowed the design of novel therapeutical approaches targeting not only MM cells but also their specific HuBMM. However, the lack of adequate mouse models, capable to recapitulate a HuBMM, has restrained large scale in vivo screening of investigational drugs. In fact, only the SCID-hu model, in which human MM cells are grown in human fetal bone chips previously implanted in SCID mice, addresses this specific requirement. However the poor availability of human fetal bone chips, the allogeneic nature of the fetal BM milieu versus MM cells and the heterogeneity of implanted human bone chips are important restrains of this system. Here we report the development of a novel in vivo model of human MM (SCID-synth-hu), which is based on the implant of a three-dimensional (3-D) poly-ε-caprolactone polymeric scaffold (PCLS) into SCID mice as recipient to allow growth of MM cells in a reconstituted HuBMM. This biosynthetic scaffold has been designed to resemble the micro-architecture of a normal human adult bone and was characterized by 3-D interconnected large and small pores suitable for engraftment of bone marrow-derived cells. Human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were collected from BM aspirates from MM patients and firstly used for coating 3D internal surface of PCLSs. We performed in vitro dynamic seeding of BMSCs into PCLSs using a suspension of 106 cells in 500 μl of growth medium. Before implantation, PCLSs were incubated in complete medium at 37°C, in 5% CO2 for 24 hours, in order to allow cell adhesion on 3D surfaces. Then, PCLSs were implanted subcutaneously into SCID mice. CD138+ immune-selected primary MM cells, obtained by MM patient with a different disease status, were directly injected into PCLSs, which have been previously coated with allogeneic BMSCs 2–3 weeks after the in vivo implant. By this experimental approach, we achieved engraftment of primary MM cells in PCLSs within a non autologous bone marrow milieu. In a subsequent series of experiments, bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs), obtained by Ficoll gradient separation and containing primary unselected CD138+ and their autologous BMSCs, were directly seeded in vitro into PCLSs which were implanted in SCID mice after 24 hours of incubation. At different time points, H&E and CD138 or κ/λ staining demonstrated engraftment and filling of 3-D spaces by primary MM cells within the autologous bone marrow milieu in PCLSs retrieved from SCID-synth-hu mice. Neo-synthesized extracellular matrix and angiogenesis were also shown by H&E and immune histochemical staining in retrieved PCLSs. Angiogenesis mostly occurred within areas of MM infiltration, suggesting its role in our system. In vivo MM growth was monitored by ELISA measuring of human monotypic immunoglobulins (Igs) in mouse sera 4 to 10 weeks after cell injection. To demonstrate the usefulness of our SCID-synth-hu model as an experimental platform for in vivo testing of investigational drugs, mice bearing human MM implants were treated intraperitoneally with bortezomib plus dexamethasone (Bort+Dex). As expected, SCID-synth-hu mice treated with Bort+Dex exhibited a significant decrease of monotypic light chains in mice sera and induction of apoptosis of MM cells in retrieved PCLSs, as compared to untreated control mice. Our experimental findings demonstrate that the SCID-synth-hu is the first experimental system which allows the in vivo expansion of human primary MM cells within their autologous adult HuBMM. The unlimited availability and the low cost of PCLSs, as well as the potential for dissecting the biological events within the HuBMM, represent a clear improvement over the available preclinical in vivo models of MM. We conclude that the SCID-synth-hu is a unique tool for large scale in vivo preclinical screening of novel agents targeting MM in its autologous HuBMM, and a novel resource for translational research in the experimental treatment of this still incurable disease. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Vuorikoski, Marjo. "Sosiaalityön koulutusintressit ja elinikäisen oppimisen periaate". Aikuiskasvatus 20, n.º 1 (15 de febrero de 2000): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33336/aik.93264.
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Suomen Akatemia käynnisti 1980-luvun lopulla elinikäisen oppimisen tutkimusohjelman, missä tuohon lupaavaan käsitteeseen haluttiin saada pitävämpi ote ja selvittää, mitä elinikäisen oppimisen periaate voisi merkitä koulutuksen oppimismahdollisuuksien kehittämisessä. Sen seurannaisena syntyi mm. väitöskirjatutkimus Sosiaalityön professionaalistuminen ja koulutus, missä tutkittiin sosiaalityöntekijöiden koulutuksen kehittymistä ja alan professionaalistumista kytkeytyneenä suomalaisen hyvinvointivaltion muotoutumiseen. Kiinnostuksen kohteiksi tutkimuksessa nousivat näin ollen sosiaalialan jatkokoulutus, täydennyskoulutus ja elinikäisen oppimisen periaate.
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Yan, Guanpeng y Qiang Chen. "synth2: Synthetic control method with placebo tests, robustness test, and visualization". Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 23, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2023): 597–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x231195278.
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The synthetic control method (Abadie and Gardeazabal, 2003, American Economic Review 93: 113–132, Abadie, Diamond, and Hainmueller, 2010, Journal of the American Statistical Association 105: 493–505) is a popular method for causal inference in panel data with one treated unit that often uses placebo tests for statistical inference. While the synthetic control method can be implemented by the excellent command synth (Abadie, Diamond, and Hainmueller, 2011, Statistical Software Components S457334, Department of Economics, Boston College), it is still inconvenient for users to conduct placebo tests. As a wrapper program for synth, our proposed synth2 command provides convenient utilities to automate both in-space and in-time placebo tests, as well as the leave-one-out robustness test. Moreover, synth2 produces a complete set of graphs to visualize covariate or unit weights, covariate balance, actual or predicted outcomes, treatment effects, placebo tests, ratio of posttreatment mean squared prediction error to pretreatment mean squared prediction error, pointwise p-values (two-sided, right-sided, and left-sided), and the leave-one-out robustness test. We illustrate the use of the synth2 command by revisiting the classic example of California’s tobacco control program (Abadie, Diamond, and Hainmueller 2010).
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Walker, Julie, George A. Perry y Jerica J. Rich. "PSVIII-16 Effect of estrous synchronization with natural service or fixed-timed artificial insemination with conventional or gender-skewed semen in beef females". Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (8 de octubre de 2021): 431–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.773.
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Abstract Reproductive efficiency is critical for profitability, and age at weaning critically impacts weaning weight. The objective was to evaluate estrous synchronization and/or AI with conventional (CON) or gender-skewed (SEXED) semen on calving distribution. Beef females (n=1,620) were either 1) synchronized (7-CIDR:Syn) or not synchronized (Nonsyn) and mated to bulls, 2) synchronized (7-d CIDR) and mated to bulls (SynNS) or artificially inseminated (SynAI), or 3) synchronized (7-d CO-Synch plus CIDR) and AIed with CON or SEXED semen. Calving distribution and gender were determined at birth and were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure in SAS. Synchronization resulted in more calves born from d1 to 14 (P < 0.01; 62% vs 47%) of the calving season. There was no differences (P = 0.31) between Syn and Nonsyn in the percent of calves born after d21, but between d22 and 42, more (P = 0.04) calves were born in the Nonsyn group. A greater proportion (P < 0.02; 46% vs 38%) of calves were born in SynNS between d1 and 14 compared to SynAI. There was no difference between treatments (P > 0.12) from d1 to 42, but more calves were born for SynAI after d43. With SEXED semen, there were no differences (P > 0.14) between CON and SEXED for the proportion of calves born from d1 to 14 or d1 to 21; however, more of the desired gender were born in the SEXED group during d1 to 14 of the calving season (P < 0.01; 84% vs 68%). More total calves were born from d22 to 42 in the SEXED group compared to the CON group (P < 0.05; 49% vs 33%). In summary, synchronization increased the proportion of females that calved early in the calving season, and SEXED semen increased the proportion of the desired gender born early in the calving season.