Artículos de revistas: "Synthetic spin-orbit coupling"

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ZHAI, HUI. "SPIN-ORBIT COUPLED QUANTUM GASES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 26, no. 01 (2012): 1230001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979212300010.

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In this review we will discuss the experimental and theoretical progresses in studying spin–orbit coupled degenerate atomic gases during the last two years. We shall first review a series of pioneering experiments in generating synthetic gauge potentials and spin–orbit coupling in atomic gases by engineering atom-light interaction. Realization of spin–orbit coupled quantum gases opens a new avenue in cold atom physics, and also brings out a lot of new physical problems. In particular, the interplay between spin–orbit coupling and inter-atomic interaction leads to many intriguing phenomena. By reviewing recent theoretical studies of both interacting bosons and fermions with isotropic Rashba spin–orbit coupling, the key message delivered here is that spin–orbit coupling can enhance the interaction effects, and make the interaction effects much more dramatic even in the weakly interacting regime.

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2

Howard, Eric. "Synthetic spin-orbit coupling in cold atoms." Contemporary Physics 61, no. 4 (2020): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107514.2021.1890829.

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Rechcińska, Katarzyna, Mateusz Król, Rafał Mazur, et al. "Engineering spin-orbit synthetic Hamiltonians in liquid-crystal optical cavities." Science 366, no. 6466 (2019): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay4182.

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Spin-orbit interactions lead to distinctive functionalities in photonic systems. They exploit the analogy between the quantum mechanical description of a complex electronic spin-orbit system and synthetic Hamiltonians derived for the propagation of electromagnetic waves in dedicated spatial structures. We realize an artificial Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction in a liquid crystal–filled optical cavity. Three-dimensional tomography in energy-momentum space enabled us to directly evidence the spin-split photon mode in the presence of an artificial spin-orbit coupling. The effect is observed when two orthogonal linear polarized modes of opposite parity are brought near resonance. Engineering of spin-orbit synthetic Hamiltonians in optical cavities opens the door to photonic emulators of quantum Hamiltonians with internal degrees of freedom.

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4

Huang, Peihao, and Xuedong Hu. "Spin manipulation and decoherence in a quantum dot mediated by a synthetic spin–orbit coupling of broken T-symmetry." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 1 (2021): 013002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac430c.

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Abstract The electrical control of a spin qubit in a quantum dot (QD) relies on spin–orbit coupling (SOC), which could be either intrinsic to the underlying crystal lattice or heterostructure, or extrinsic via, for example, a micro-magnet. In experiments, micromagnets have been used as a synthetic SOC to enable strong coupling of a spin qubit in quantum dots with electric fields. Here we study theoretically the spin relaxation, pure dephasing, spin manipulation, and spin–photon coupling of an electron in a QD due to the synthetic SOC induced spin–orbit mixing. We find qualitative difference in the spin dynamics in the presence of a synthetic SOC compared with the case of the intrinsic SOC. Specifically, spin relaxation due to the synthetic SOC and deformation potential phonon emission (or Johnson noise) shows B 0 5 (or B 0) dependence with the magnetic field, which is in contrast with the B 0 7 (or B 0 3 ) dependence in the case of the intrinsic SOC. Moreover, charge noise induces fast spin dephasing to the first order of the synthetic SOC, which is in sharp contrast with the negligible spin pure dephasing in the case of the intrinsic SOC. These qualitative differences are attributed to the broken time-reversal symmetry (T-symmetry) of the synthetic SOC. An SOC with broken T-symmetry (such as the synthetic SOC from a micro-magnet) eliminates the ‘Van Vleck cancellation’ and causes a finite longitudinal spin–electric coupling that allows the longitudinal coupling between spin and electric field, and in turn allows spin pure dephasing. Finally, through proper choice of magnetic field orientation, the electric-dipole spin resonance via the synthetic SOC can be improved with potential applications in spin-based quantum computing.

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5

Zhang, Qi, Jiang-Bin Gong, and Choo-Hiap Oh. "Synthetic Spin-Orbit Coupling in Two-Level Cold Atoms." Chinese Physics Letters 30, no. 8 (2013): 080301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/30/8/080301.

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6

Zhou, Xiangfa, Yi Li, Zi Cai, and Congjun Wu. "Unconventional states of bosons with the synthetic spin–orbit coupling." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 46, no. 13 (2013): 134001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/46/13/134001.

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7

Dutt, Avik, Qian Lin, Luqi Yuan, Momchil Minkov, Meng Xiao, and Shanhui Fan. "A single photonic cavity with two independent physical synthetic dimensions." Science 367, no. 6473 (2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz3071.

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The concept of synthetic dimensions has generated interest in many branches of science, ranging from ultracold atomic physics to photonics, as it provides a versatile platform for realizing effective gauge potentials and topological physics. Previous experiments have augmented the real-space dimensionality by one additional physical synthetic dimension. In this study, we endow a single ring resonator with two independent physical synthetic dimensions. Our system consists of a temporally modulated ring resonator with spatial coupling between the clockwise and counterclockwise modes, creating a synthetic Hall ladder along the frequency and pseudospin degrees of freedom for photons propagating in the ring. We observe a wide variety of physics, including effective spin-orbit coupling, magnetic fields, spin-momentum locking, a Meissner-to-vortex phase transition, and signatures of topological chiral one-way edge currents, completely in synthetic dimensions. Our experiments demonstrate that higher-dimensional physics can be studied in simple systems by leveraging the concept of multiple simultaneous synthetic dimensions.

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8

Huang, Lianghui, Zengming Meng, Pengjun Wang, et al. "Experimental realization of two-dimensional synthetic spin–orbit coupling in ultracold Fermi gases." Nature Physics 12, no. 6 (2016): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys3672.

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9

Gentile, Paola, Vittorio Benvenuto, Carmine Ortix, Canio Noce, and Mario Cuoco. "Engineering Topological Nodal Line Semimetals in Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupled Atomic Chains." Condensed Matter 4, no. 1 (2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat4010025.

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In this paper, we study an atomic chain in the presence of modulated charge potential and modulated Rashba spin-orbit coupling (RSOC) of equal periods. We show that for commensurate periodicities, λ = 4 n with integer n, the three-dimensional synthetic space obtained by sliding the two phases of the charge potential and RSOC features a topological nodal-line semimetal protected by an anti-unitary particle-hole symmetry. The location and shape of the nodal lines strongly depend on the relative amplitude between the charge potential and RSOC.

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10

Braun, Christina A., Derek Zomerman, Inara de Aguiar, et al. "Probing the nature of peripheral boryl groups within luminescent tellurophenes." Faraday Discussions 196 (2017): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00172f.

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In this article our attempts to tune the color of luminescence within a new class of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active tellurophenes is reported along with computational details that include spin–orbit coupling effects so as to better understand the nature of emission in the phosphorescent tellurophene (B-Te-6-B). Despite not meeting some of the initial synthetic targets, the emission within a borylated tellurophene can be altered with the addition of an N-heterocyclic carbene.

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11

Ma, Qinli, Yufan Li, Young-suk Choi, Wei-Chuan Chen, Shu Jen Han, and C. L. Chien. "Spin orbit torque switching of synthetic Co/Ir/Co trilayers with perpendicular anisotropy and tunable interlayer coupling." Applied Physics Letters 117, no. 17 (2020): 172403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0024724.

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12

Zhu, Libai, Xiaoguang Xu, Tanzhao Zhang, et al. "Enhanced second harmonic Hall resistance in in-plane synthetic antiferromagnets." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 25 (2022): 252404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0091605.

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Synthetic antiferromagnet (SyAF) has been demonstrated to be an ideal candidate for spin–orbit torque (SOT) based spintronic devices. However, the detailed mechanism needs to be clarified due to the coexistence of multiple effects. This paper studies SOT and the thermoelectric effect in SyAF of Pt/Co/Ru/Co/Pt by harmonic Hall resistance measurements. Different from the traditional Co/Pt bilayers, the second harmonic Hall resistance signals of the SyAF-based devices are obviously enhanced under a large external magnetic field ( Bext), which is caused by the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling fields weakening the influence of Bext. By fitting the Hall resistance curves, the field-like torque is demonstrated to be the main contribution to the Hall resistance. Interestingly, both the SOT effective fields are greatly enhanced for antiparallel alignment. This study separates the contributions of SOT and the thermoelectric effect in the SyAF structures and enables the design of the spintronic devices with stability under a large magnetic field.

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13

Han, Zichao, Tianyao Wei, Qingyu Xiao, Xinyi Zhong, Du Xiang, and Tao Liu. "Fabrication of patternable Janus transition-metal dichalcogenides assisted by electron beam irradiation." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 22 (2022): 221901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0095650.

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Two-dimensional Janus transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit intrinsic out-of-plane structural symmetry breaking, which facilitates their applications in spintronics through the enhanced Rashba spin–orbit coupling. Fabrication of Janus structures in a deterministic fashion is essential for their practical heterogeneous integration, which, however, remains challenging in the aspect of material synthesis technology. Here, we demonstrate a synthetic strategy to fabricate Janus WSSe structures at definite positions on its tungsten disulfide (WS2) host through the local electron beam irradiation followed by controllable selenization. We show that the energetic electron flux can significantly modulate the WS2 lattice properties, which locally increase the energy barrier between the WS2 and its Janus counterpart WSSe, thus preventing the irradiated WS2 from being selenized and creating well-defined hetero-boundaries. Moreover, by using monolayer and bilayer WS2 as the hosts, both lateral and vertical heterostructures of WSSe–WS2 can be achieved in a patternable manner. Our work provides a viable route toward the controllable fabrication of the Janus structures for multi-functional spintronics.

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14

Tirrito, Emanuele, Simon Hands, and Alejandro Bermudez. "Large-S and Tensor-Network Methods for Strongly-Interacting Topological Insulators." Symmetry 14, no. 4 (2022): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14040799.

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The study of correlation effects in topological phases of matter can benefit from a multidisciplinary approach that combines techniques drawn from condensed matter, high-energy physics and quantum information science. In this work, we exploit these connections to study the strongly-interacting limit of certain lattice Hubbard models of topological insulators, which map onto four-Fermi quantum field theories with a Wilson-type discretisation and have been recently shown to be at reach of cold-atom quantum simulators based on synthetic spin-orbit coupling. We combine large-S and tensor-network techniques to explore the possible spontaneous symmetry-breaking phases that appear when the interactions of the topological insulators are sufficiently large. In particular, we show that varying the Wilson parameter r of the lattice discretisations leads to a novel Heisenberg–Ising compass model with critical lines that flow with the value of r.

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15

Čeklovský, Alexander, and Shinsuke Takagi. "Oxygen sensing materials based on clay/metalloporphyrin hybrid systems." Open Chemistry 11, no. 7 (2013): 1132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-013-0238-z.

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AbstractThis study was focused on the investigation of novel hybrid organo/inorganic systems for oxygen sensing applications. As a host material, a synthetic clay mineral Sumecton SA was chosen, while, as guest materials, metalloporphyrins containing Pt(II) and Pd(II) were chosen. These are known to be very efficient agents for sensing applications because of a “heavy atom effect”. This effect promotes a spin-orbit coupling, resulting in the fact that almost all of the radiation from a singlet excited state undergoes intersystem crossing, followed by a de-excitation via a triplet state. The combination of metalloporphyrin and layered materials enables unique oxygen sensing properties due to the steric effects of layered materials. The result is that the emission from the membrane was sensitive at the range around aerobic conditions. The spectroscopic analysis of hybrid systems — clay/porphyrin membranes (CPMs) showed that these materials can serve as prospective candidates for the construction of effective, reliable and economical oxygen sensors.

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16

Chen, Lei, Xingran Xu, and Shuai Kang. "The effect of a finite two-photon detuning on the quantum tricriticality and phase transitions in a spin-orbit coupled Bose gas." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 30 (2018): 1850369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918503694.

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In the current experiments, realizing the synthetic spin-orbital coupling (SOC) with ultracold atoms, a finite two-photon detuning (TPD) is present. However, in most relevant theoretical studies so far, the TPD has been assumed as zero. Here, we investigate how a finite detuning affects the ground phase diagram in a Bose gas with equal-weight Rashba and Dresselhuas SOC. We show that the single-particle dispersion relation in the presence of a finite TPD can be significantly modified compared to the case with zero detuning, which gives rise to experimentally observable effects on quantum tricriticality and phase transitions. In particular, the zero-momentum phase that can arise for a zero TPD becomes unstable against a finite TPD and disappears. Our results are relevant to the current cold atom experiments using the Raman laser-induced gauge field.

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17

Zhou, Xiangfa, Yi Li, Zi Cai, and Congjun Wu. "Corrigendum: Unconventional states of bosons with the synthetic spin–orbit coupling (2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134001)." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 48, no. 24 (2015): 249501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/48/24/249501.

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18

Decaroli, C., A. M. Arevalo-Lopez, C. H. Woodall, et al. "(C4H12N2)[CoCl4]: tetrahedrally coordinated Co2+without the orbital degeneracy." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 71, no. 1 (2015): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520614024809.

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We report on the synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of a previously unreported Co2+S = {3\over 2} compound, (C4H12N2)[CoCl4], based upon a tetrahedral crystalline environment. The S = {3\over 2} magnetic ground state of Co2+, measured with magnetization, implies an absence of spin-orbit coupling and orbital degeneracy. This contrasts with compounds based upon an octahedral and even known tetrahedral Co2+[Cottonet al.(1961).J. Am. Chem. Soc.83, 4690] systems where a sizable spin-orbit coupling is measured. The compound is characterized with single-crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, IR and UV–vis spectroscopy. Magnetic susceptibility measurements find no magnetic ordering above 2 K. The results are also compared with the previously known monoclinic hydrated analogue.

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19

Wooten, Brandi L., Koen Vandaele, Stephen R. Boona, and Joseph P. Heremans. "Combining Spin-Seebeck and Nernst Effects in Aligned MnBi/Bi Composites." Nanomaterials 10, no. 10 (2020): 2083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10102083.

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The spin-Seebeck effect (SSE) is an advective transport process traditionally studied in bilayers composed of a ferromagnet (FM) and a non-magnetic metal (NM) with strong spin-orbit coupling. In a temperature gradient, the flux of magnons in the FM transfers spin-angular momentum to electrons in the NM, which by the inverse spin-Hall effect generates an SSE voltage. In contrast, the Nernst effect is a bulk transport phenomenon in homogeneous NMs or FMs. These effects share the same geometry, and we show here that they can be added to each other in a new combination of FM/NM composites where synthesis via in-field annealing results in the FM material (MnBi) forming aligned needles inside an NM matrix with strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) (Bi). Through examination of the materials’ microstructural, magnetic, and transport properties, we searched for signs of enhanced transverse thermopower facilitated by an SSE contribution from MnBi adding to the Nernst effect in Bi. Our results indicate that these two signals are additive in samples with lower MnBi concentrations, suggesting a new way forward in the study of SSE composite materials.

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20

Sahoo, Smruti R., and Shyue-Chu Ke. "Spin-Orbit Coupling Effects in Au 4f Core-Level Electronic Structures in Supported Low-Dimensional Gold Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (2021): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020554.

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Despite their many advantages, issues remain unresolved over the variability in catalytic activities in supported gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based catalysts, which requires precise characterization to unravel the presence of any fine features. Herein, upon analyzing the Au 4f core-level spin-orbit components in many as-synthesized AuNP-based catalysts, we observed that like deviations in the Au 4f7/2 binding energy positions, both the Au 4f7/2-to-Au 4f5/2 peak intensity and linewidth ratios varied largely from the standard statistical bulk reference values. These deviations were observed in all the as-synthesized supported AuNPs irrespective of different synthesis conditions, variations in size, shape or morphology of the gold nanoparticles, and different support materials. On the other hand, the spin-orbit-splitting values remained almost unchanged and did not show any appreciable deviations from the atomic or bulk standard gold values. These deviations could originate due to alterations in the electronic band structures in the supported AuNPs and might be present in other NP-based catalyst systems as well, which could be the subject of future research interest.

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21

Barrios, Leoní A., David Aguilà, Olivier Roubeau, Keith S. Murray, and Guillem Aromí. "A Molecular Chain of Four CoII Ions Stabilized by a Tris-Pyridyl/Bis-?-Diketonate Ligand." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 9 (2009): 1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09183.

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The synthesis and characterization of a tris-pyridyl/bis-β-diketone molecule (H2L) is reported. This compound acts as a hexadentate ligand towards CoII to facilitate the assembly of a tetranuclear molecular chain of closely spaced metals with formula [Co4L2(MeOH)8](NO3)4 (1), which exhibits a very flat [Co4L2]4+ platform, as determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography. Complex 1 readily exchanges axial methanol ligands with water molecules. The bulk magnetization of the resulting hydrate, 1a, shows that the metals in the [Co4L2]4+ moiety exhibit spin-orbit coupling and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions.

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22

Minaev, B. F., and E. M. Kozlo. "Role of spin-orbit coupling in processes of synthesis and photodegradation of ozone." Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry 33, no. 4 (1997): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02764766.

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23

Ruan, Bin-Bin, Meng-Hu Zhou, Qing-Song Yang та ін. "Superconductivity with a Violation of Pauli Limit and Evidences for Multigap in η-Carbide Type Ti₄Ir₂O". Chinese Physics Letters 39, № 2 (2022): 027401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/39/2/027401.

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We report the synthesis, crystal structure, and superconductivity of Ti4Ir2O. The title compound crystallizes in an η-carbide type structure of the space group F d 3 ¯ m (No. 227), with lattice parameters a = b = c = 11.6194(1) Å. The superconducting temperature T c is found to be 5.1–5.7 K. Most surprisingly, Ti4Ir2O hosts an upper critical field of 16.45 T, which is far beyond the Pauli paramagnetic limit. Strong coupled superconductivity with evidences for multigap is revealed by the measurements of heat capacity and upper critical field. First-principles calculations suggest that the density of states near the Fermi level originates from the hybridization of Ti-3d and Ir-5d orbitals, and the effect of spin-orbit coupling on the Fermi surfaces is prominent. Large values of the Wilson ratio (R W ∼ 3.9), the Kadowaki–Woods ratio [A/γ 2 ∼ 9.0 × 10−6 μΩ⋅cm/(mJ⋅mol−1⋅K−1)2], and the Sommerfeld coefficient (γ = 33.74 mJ⋅mol−1⋅K−2) all suggest strong electron correlations (similar to heavy fermion systems) in Ti4Ir2O. The violation of Pauli limit is possibly due to a combination of strong-coupled superconductivity and large spin-orbit scattering. With these intriguing behaviors, Ti4Ir2O serves as a candidate for unconventional superconductor.

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24

Choudhary, Rashmi, Sreejith Nair, Zhifei Yang, Dooyong Lee, and Bharat Jalan. "Semi-metallic SrIrO₃ films using solid-source metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy." APL Materials 10, no. 9 (2022): 091118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0110707.

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Perovskite SrIrO3 films and its heterostructures are very promising, yet less researched, avenues to explore interesting physics originating from the interplay between strong spin–orbit coupling and electron correlations. Elemental iridium is a commonly used source for molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) synthesis of SrIrO3 films. However, elemental iridium is extremely difficult to oxidize and evaporate while maintaining an ultra-high vacuum and a long mean free path. Here, we calculated a thermodynamic phase diagram to highlight these synthesis challenges for phase-pure SrIrO3 and other iridium-based oxides. We addressed these challenges using a novel solid-source metal-organic MBE approach that rests on the idea of modifying the metal-source chemistry. Phase-pure, single-crystalline, coherent, epitaxial (001)pc SrIrO3 films on (001) SrTiO3 substrate were grown. Films demonstrated semi-metallic behavior, Kondo scattering, and weak antilocalization. Our synthesis approach has the potential to facilitate research involving iridate heterostructures by enabling their atomically precise syntheses.

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Wu, Qilong, Meysam Bagheri Tagani, Qiwei Tian, et al. "Symmetry breaking induced bandgap opening in epitaxial germanene on WSe₂." Applied Physics Letters 121, no. 5 (2022): 051901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0103367.

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Germanene has attracted much attention because the material was predicted to host Dirac fermions. However, the synthesis of germanene is still in its infancy; moreover, the predicted tiny bandgap induced by the spin–orbit coupling is far from practical applications for nanoelectronic devices. Herein, quasi-freestanding germanene with linear dispersion relation of the band structure is well grown on a WSe2/Au(100) substrate. Band structure calculations reveal that the interaction of germanene with the substrate destroys the sublattice symmetry. The energy-dependent contribution of σ orbitals responsible for band crossing at the Fermi level around the Γ point induces asymmetric density of states at the Dirac point. Upon annealing in ultra-high vacuum, we observe a bandgap opening in germanene of about ∼0.17 eV, which is attributed to a sublattice symmetry breaking in germanene and the emergence of a net electric field. This work provides an effective method to tune or tailor the electronic properties of germanene, paving the way to germanene-based field-effect applications.

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26

Thompson, Mark. "The Evolution of Organometallic Complexes in Organic Light-Emitting Devices." MRS Bulletin 32, no. 9 (2007): 694–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2007.144.

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This article is an edited transcript of the MRS Medal presentation given by Mark Thompson (University of Southern California) on November 28, 2006, at the Materials Research Society Fall Meeting in Boston. Thompson was awarded the Medal for the “development of highly efficient heavy-metal phosphor complexes.” The MRS Medal recognizes a specific outstanding recent discovery or advancement which is expected to have a major impact on the progress of any materials-related field.Successful research efforts have led to improvements in the internal efficiencies of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) from 25% to 100%. The electroluminescence process in OLEDs involves the formation of both singlet and triplet excitons, formed in a ratio of 1:3. There is a drive to improve spin statistics by developing compounds in which triplet excitons, in addition to singlet excitons, can be used efficiently. Success with the incorporation of heavy-metal–based phosphors into OLEDs, in which the strong spin-orbit coupling of the metal atom allows for efficient molecular phosphorescence from triplet excitons, resulted in the identification and synthesis of an iridium complex, fac-tris-phenylpyridine iridium, with internal efficiencies of 100%. This, in turn, has led to the synthesis of more than 100 iridium- and platinum-based compounds, which have become the most efficient light-emitting compounds yet discovered. Intellectual property from Thompson's research in this field has led to more than 50 U.S. patents and substantial entrepreneurial investment toward commercial applications and devices.

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Chemey, Alexander T., and Thomas E. Albrecht-Schmitt. "Evolution of the periodic table through the synthesis of new elements." Radiochimica Acta 107, no. 9-11 (2019): 771–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2018-3082.

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Abstract This brief introduction to the synthesis and chemistry of elements discovered since 1940 is focused primarily on Z=93–118. The goal of this work is not to simply catalogue the nuclear fusion reactions needed to prepare new elements, but rather to focus on the chemical and physical properties that these elements possess. These elements share a single common feature in that they all have large Z values, and thus have electronic structures that are significantly altered by both scalar relativistic effects and spin-orbit coupling. These effects scale nonlinearly with increasing Z and create unexpected deviations both across series and down groups of elements. The magnitude of these effects is large enough that orbital energies rearrange and mix in ways that complicate incomplete depictions of electronic structure that are based solely on electron repulsion. Thus, the primary aim of this review is to document the impact of relativistic effects on electronic structure and how this has altered not just our understanding of the chemistry of heavy elements, but has even created in the need to rearrange the Periodic Table itself.

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Yamada, Shigeyuki, Takuya Higashida, Yizhou Wang, et al. "Development of fluorinated benzils and bisbenzils as room-temperature phosphorescent molecules." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (May 29, 2020): 1154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.102.

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Pure organic phosphorescent molecules are attractive alternatives to transition-metal-complex-based phosphores for biomedical and technological applications owing to their abundance and nontoxicity. This article discloses the design, synthesis, and photophysical properties of fluorinated benzil and bisbenzil derivatives as potential pure organic room-temperature phosphorescent molecules. These compounds were separately converted from the corresponding fluorinated bistolanes via PdCl2-catalyzed oxidation by dimethyl sulfoxide, while nonfluorinated bistolane provided the corresponding bisbenzil derivatives exclusively in a similar manner. Intensive investigations of the photophysical properties of the benzil and bisbenzil derivatives in toluene at 25 °C showed both fluorescence with a photoluminescence (PL) band at a maximum wavelength (λPL) of around 400 nm and phosphorescence with a PL band at a λPL of around 560 nm. Interestingly, intersystem crossing effectively caused fluorinated benzils to emit phosphorescence, which may arise from immediate spin-orbit coupling involving the 1(n, π)→3(π, π) transition, unlike the case of fluorinated or nonfluorinated bisbenzil analogues. These findings offer a useful guide for developing novel pure organic room-temperature phosphorescent materials.

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Reddy, T. Ravindra, K. Thyagarajan, S. Lakshmi Reddy, and Tamio Endo. "Synthesis, XRD, TEM, EPR, and Optical Absorption Spectral Studies of CuZnO2Nanocompound." Journal of Nanotechnology 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/538106.

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Synthesis of nano CuZnO2compound is carried out by thermal decomposition method. The crystalline phase of the material is characterized by XRD. The calculated unit cell constants area=3.1 Åandc=3.4786 Åand are of tetragonal structure. The unit cell constants are different from wurtzite (hexagonal) which indicate that a nanocompound is formed. Further TEM images reveal that the metal ion is in tetragonal structure with oxygen ligands. The prepared CuZnO2is then characterized for crystallite size analysis by employing transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The size is found to be 100 nm. Uniform bright rings are noticed in the TEM picture suggesting that the nanocrystals have preferential instead of random orientations. The selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern clearly indicates the formation of CuO-ZnO nanocompound. The nature of bonding is studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The covalency character is about 0.74 and thus the compound is electrically less conductive. Optical absorption spectral studies suggest that Cu(II) is placed in tetragonal elongation crystal field. The spin-orbit coupling constant,λ, is calculated using the EPR and optical absorption spectral results suggest some covalent bond between metal and ligand. Near infrared (NIR) spectra are due to hydroxyl and water fundamentals.

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Atria, Ana María, José Parada, Yanko Moreno, Sebastián Suárez, Ricardo Baggio та Octavio Peña. "Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic properties of diaquabis(2,6-diamino-7H-purin-1-ium-κN 9)bis(4,4′-oxydibenzoato-κO)cobalt(II) dihydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 74, № 1 (2018): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229617016916.

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The title mononuclear CoII complex, [Co(C5H7N6)2(C14H8O5)2(H2O)2]·2H2O, has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined by X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P\overline{1}, with one formula unit per cell (Z = 1 and Z′ = 1 \over 2). It consists of a mononuclear unit with the CoII ion on an inversion centre coordinated by two 2,6-diamino-7H-purin-1-ium cations, two 4,4′-oxydibenzoate anions (in a nonbridging κO-monodentate coordination mode, which is less common for the anion in its CoII complexes) and two water molecules, defining an octahedral environment around the metal atom. There is a rich assortment of nonbonding interactions, among which a strong N+—H...O− bridge, with a short N...O distance of 2.5272 (18) Å, stands out, with the H atom ostensibly displaced away from its expected position at the donor side, towards the acceptor. The complex molecules assemble into a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network. A variable-temperature magnetic study between 2 and 300 K reveals an orbital contribution to the magnetic moment and a weak antiferromagnetic interaction between CoII centres as the temperature decreases. The model leads to the following values: A (crystal field strength) = 1.81, λ (spin-orbit coupling) = −59.9 cm−1, g (Landé factor) = 2.58 and zJ (exchange coupling) = −0.5 cm−1.

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31

Minaev, Boris. "Photochemistry and Spectroscopy of Singlet Oxygen in Solvents. Recent Advances which Support the Old Theory." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 10, no. 4s (2016): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht10.04si.519.

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Molecular oxygen is a paramagnetic gas with the triplet O2( ) ground state which exhibits just sluggish chemical reactivity in the absence of radical sources. In contrast, the excited metastable singlet oxygen O2( ) is highly reactive; it can oxygenate organic molecules in a wide range of specific reactions which differ from those of the usual triplet oxygen of the air. This makes the singlet oxygen an attractive reagent for new synthesis and even for medical treatments in photodynamic therapy. As an important intermediate O2( ) has attracted great attention of chemists during half-century studies of its reactivity and spectroscopy, but unusual properties of singlet oxygen makes it difficult to unravel all mysterious features. The semiempirical theory of spin-orbit coupling in dioxygen and in collision complexes of O2 with diamagnetic molecules proposed in 1982 year has explained and predicted many photochemical and spectral properties of dioxygen produced by the dye sensitization in solvents. Recent experiments with direct laser excitation of O2 in solvents provide a complete support of the old theory. The present review scrutinizes the whole story of development and experimental verification of this theory.

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32

Playford, Helen, Ravi SINGH, Lieh Jeng Chang, et al. "Local Structure of Iridate Pyrochlores from Hydrothermal Synthesis." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s205327331409130x.

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Iridate pyrochlores of general formula M2Ir2O7have potential applications in catalysis [1]. They also often exhibit unusual magnetic and electronic properties caused by spin-orbit coupling and geometric frustration [2]. A detailed understanding of structure is necessary to enable these properties to be understood and exploited. Because of the propensity of the pyrochlore structure to accommodate structural disorder, we have chosen to utilise the technique of total scattering to examine the structure of M2Ir2O7(M = Bi, Nd). The sensitivity of our measurements to all the constituent elements is maximised by the combination of both neutron and X-ray total scattering. We find no evidence for magnetic ordering in our samples of Nd2Ir2O7, in contrast to literature reports [3]. By comparing the local structure of our samples with that of one reported to exhibit magnetic ordering, we explore the possibility of a structural origin for the differences in magnetic behaviour. We have found that synthesis method can directly influence the structure of these iridate pyrochlores. Local structural analysis provides evidences of A-site cation deficiency and partial oxidation of Ir(IV) to Ir(V) in samples produced by hydrothermal techniques. Irreversible changes to the lattice parameter upon heating these samples at 400 – 9000C further support the inference that the cation content is somewhat variable. We report the results of reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) refinements using the program RMCProfile, which is capable of simultaneously fitting to X-ray and neutron data, and therefore provides structural models of the greatest possible accuracy. We also report the results of in situ X-ray total scattering measurements which provide local-scale insight into the interesting thermal behaviour and apparent flexible cation content of these materials.

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33

Germino, José Carlos, Luís Gustavo Teixeira Alves Duarte, Rodrigo Araújo Mendes, et al. "All-Solution Processed Single-Layer WOLEDs Using [Pt(salicylidenes)] as Guests in a PFO Matrix." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (2022): 2497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142497.

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Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of two Pt(II) coordination compounds, the new platinum(II)[N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-3,4-diaminobenzophenone)] ([Pt(sal-3,4-ben)]) and the already well-known platinum(II)[N,N′-bis(salicylidene)-o-phenylenediamine] ([Pt(salophen)]), along with their application as guests in a poly [9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl] (PFO) conjugated polymer in all-solution processed single-layer white organic light-emitting diodes. Completely different performances were achieved: 2.2% and 15.3% of external quantum efficiencies; 2.8 cd A−1 and 12.1 cd A−1 of current efficiencies; and 3103 cd m−2 and 6224 cd m−2 of luminance for the [Pt(salophen)] and [Pt(sal-3,4-ben)] complexes, respectively. The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE 1931) chromaticity color coordinates are (0.33, 0.33) for both 0.1% mol/mol Pt(II):PFO composites at between approximately 3.2 and 8 V. The optoelectronic properties of doped and neat PFO films have been investigated, using steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence. Theoretical calculations at the level of relativistic density functional theory explained these results, based on the presence of the Pt(II) central ion’s phosphorescence emission, considering spin-orbit coupling relationships. The overall results are explained, taking into account the active layer morphological properties, along with the device’s electric balance and the emitter’s efficiencies, according to deep-trap space-charge models. Considering the very simple structure of the device and the ease of synthesis of such compounds, the developed framework can offer a good trade-off for solution-deposited white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs), with further applications in the field of lighting and signage.

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34

Saladino, M. I., O. R. Pols, and C. Abate. "Slowly, slowly in the wind." Astronomy & Astrophysics 626 (June 2019): A68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834598.

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Wind mass transfer in binary systems with asymptotic giant branch (AGB) donor stars plays a fundamental role in the formation of a variety of objects, including barium stars and carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars. In an attempt to better understand the properties of these systems, we carry out a comprehensive set of smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of wind-losing AGB stars in binaries for a variety of binary mass ratios, orbital separations, initial wind velocities, and rotation rates of the donor star. The initial parameters of the simulated systems are chosen to match the expected progenitors of CEMP stars. We find that the strength of interaction between the wind and the stars depends on the ratio of wind velocity to orbital velocity (v∞/vorb) and on the binary mass ratio. Strong interaction occurs for close systems and comparable mass ratios, and gives rise to a complex morphology of the outflow and substantial angular-momentum loss, which leads to a shrinking of the orbit. As the orbital separation increases and the mass of the companion star decreases, the morphology of the outflow and the angular-momentum loss become more similar to the spherically symmetric wind case. We also explore the effects of tidal interaction and find that for orbital separations up to 7−10 AU, depending on mass ratio, spin-orbit coupling of the donor star occurs at some point during the AGB phase. If the initial wind velocity is relatively low, we find that corotation of the donor star results in a modified outflow morphology that resembles wind Roche-lobe overflow. In this case the mass-accretion efficiency and angular-momentum loss differ from those found for a non-rotating donor. Finally, we provide relations for the mass-accretion efficiency and angular-momentum loss as a function of v∞/vorb and the binary mass ratio that can be easily implemented in a population synthesis code to study populations of barium stars, CEMP stars, and other products of interaction in AGB binaries, such as cataclysmic binaries and type Ia supernovae.

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35

Baur, Florian, Arturas Katelnikovas, Simas Sakirzanovas, Ralf Petry, and Thomas Jüstel. "Synthesis and Optical Properties of Li3Ba2La3(MoO4)8:Sm3+ Powders for pcLEDs." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 69, no. 2 (2014): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2014-3279.

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A series of Sm3+-activated molybdates Li3Ba2(La1−xSmx)3(MoO4)8 with 0<̲x<̲1 (0% to 100% Sm3+) have been prepared by the conventional solid-state synthesis method, and their optical properties were investigated. Reflection, excitation and emission spectra were recorded and put in relation to the various [Xe]4 f 5 → [Xe]4 f 5 transitions of Sm3+. The positions of the charge transfer bands of Sm3+ and Mo6+ were resolved by Gaussian peak fitting. Emission spectra recorded at 100 K revealed the Stark sublevels of the Sm3+ energy levels. Time-dependent emission measurements of the 4G5/2 →6H9/2 transition were performed to disentangle the influence of temperature and activator concentration on the decay constants. The results are discussed in the context of the structure of the host material. Sm3+ occupies two different crystallographic sites at higher activator concentrations, which results in a bi-exponential decay curve. Temperature-dependent emission spectra were recorded to determine the thermal quenching behavior of the material. Internal and external quantum efficiencies (IQE and EQE) have been calculated. The IQE is independent of temperature, while the emission intensity strongly decreases at temperatures higher than 400 K. It is concluded that the photon escape efficiency in Li3Ba2La3(MoO4)8 correlates with temperature. An EQE of 44% was achieved for the 2% Sm3+ sample, which is comparatively high for Sm3+. Color points and luminous efficacies were calculated. The color point is independent of the Sm3+ concentration, but a blue-shift was observed with increasing temperature. This shift may be caused by lattice expansion and a subsequent decrease of spin-orbit coupling.

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36

Bryan, Aimee M., W. Alexander Merrill, William M. Reiff, James C. Fettinger, and Philip P. Power. "Synthesis, Structural, and Magnetic Characterization of Linear and Bent Geometry Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) Amido Complexes: Evidence of Very Large Spin–Orbit Coupling Effects in Rigorously Linear Coordinated Co2+." Inorganic Chemistry 51, no. 6 (2012): 3366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic2012414.

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37

Anderson, Brandon M., Gediminas Juzeliūnas, Victor M. Galitski, and I. B. Spielman. "Synthetic 3D Spin-Orbit Coupling." Physical Review Letters 108, no. 23 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.108.235301.

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38

Tokatly, I. V., and E. Ya Sherman. "Spin dynamics of cold fermions with synthetic spin-orbit coupling." Physical Review A 87, no. 4 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.87.041602.

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39

Li, Yao, Xuekai Ma, Xiaokun Zhai, et al. "Manipulating polariton condensates by Rashba-Dresselhaus coupling at room temperature." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31529-4.

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AbstractSpin-orbit coupling plays an important role in the spin Hall effect and topological insulators. Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling show remarkable quantum phase transition. In this work we control an exciton polariton condensate – a macroscopically coherent state of hybrid light and matter excitations – by virtue of the Rashba-Dresselhaus (RD) spin-orbit coupling. This is achieved in a liquid-crystal filled microcavity where CsPbBr3 perovskite microplates act as the gain material at room temperature. Specifically, we realize an artificial gauge field acting on the CsPbBr3 exciton polariton condensate, splitting the condensate fractions with opposite spins in both momentum and real space. Besides the ground states, higher-order discrete polariton modes can also be split by the RD effect. Our work paves the way to manipulate exciton polariton condensates with a synthetic gauge field based on the RD spin-orbit coupling at room temperature.

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40

Wall, Michael L., Andrew P. Koller, Shuming Li, et al. "Synthetic Spin-Orbit Coupling in an Optical Lattice Clock." Physical Review Letters 116, no. 3 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.116.035301.

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41

Wu, Ling-Na, Xin-Yu Luo, Zhi-Fang Xu, Masahito Ueda, Ruquan Wang, and L. You. "Harmonic trap resonance enhanced synthetic atomic spin-orbit coupling." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep46756.

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42

Maslov, Mikhail, Mikhail Lemeshko, and Enderalp Yakaboylu. "Synthetic spin-orbit coupling mediated by a bosonic environment." Physical Review B 101, no. 18 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.101.184104.

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43

Sinha, Subhasis, Rejish Nath, and Luis Santos. "Trapped Two-Dimensional Condensates with Synthetic Spin-Orbit Coupling." Physical Review Letters 107, no. 27 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.107.270401.

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44

Li Xin-Yue, Qi Juan-Juan, Zhao Dun, and Liu Wu-Ming. "Soliton Solutions of the Spin-Orbit Coupled Binary Bose-Einstein Condensate System." Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20222319.

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In a quantum system with spin, spin-orbit coupling is manifested by linking the spin angular momentum of a particle with its orbital angular momentum, which leads to many exotic phenomena. The experimental realization of synthetic spin-orbit coupling effects in ultra-cold atomic systems provides a completely new platform for exploring quantum simulations. In a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate, the spin-orbit coupling can change the properties of the system significantly, which offers a great opportunity to investigate the influence of spin-orbit coupling to the quantum state at the macroscopic level. As typical states of macroscopic quantum effects, solitons in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates can be manipulated by spin-orbit coupling directly, this makes the study on spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates become one of the hottest topics in the research of ultracold atomic physics in recent years. This paper investigates exact vector soliton solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for the one-dimensional spin-orbit coupled binary Bose-Einstein condensates, which has four parameters μ,δ,α and β, where μ denotes the strength of the spin-orbit coupling, δ is the detuning parameter,α and β are the parameters of the self-and cross-interaction, respectively. For the case β=α, by a direct ansatz, two kinds of stripe solitons, namely, the oscillating dark-dark solitons are obtained; meanwhile, a transformation is presented such that from the solutions of the integrable Manakov system, one can get soliton solutions for the spin-orbit coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equation. For the case β=3α, a bright-W type soliton for α>0 and a kink-antikink type soliton for α<0 are presented. It is found that the relation between μ and δ can affect the states of the solitons. Based on these solutions, the corresponding dynamics and the impact of the spin-orbit coupling effects on the quantum magnetization and spin-polarized domains are discussed. Our results show that spin-orbit coupling can result in rich kinds of soliton states in the two-component Bose gases, including the stripe solitons as well as the classical non-stripe solitons, and various kinds of multi-solitons. Furthermore, spin-orbit coupling has remarkable influence on the behaviors of quantum magnetization. In the experiments of Bose-Einstein condensates, there have been many different methods to observe the soliton states of the population distribution, the magnetic solitons, and the spin domains, so our results provide some possible options for the related experiments.

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45

Deng, Weiyin, Xueqin Huang, Jiuyang Lu, et al. "Acoustic spin-Chern insulator induced by synthetic spin–orbit coupling with spin conservation breaking." Nature Communications 11, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17039-1.

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46

Duan, Hao, Li You, and Bo Gao. "Ultracold collisions in the presence of synthetic spin-orbit coupling." Physical Review A 87, no. 5 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.87.052708.

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47

Chen, Xing, Michael Rabinovic, Brandon M. Anderson, and Luis Santos. "Ring model for trapped condensates with synthetic spin-orbit coupling." Physical Review A 90, no. 4 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.90.043632.

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48

Kiffner, Martin, Wenhui Li, and Dieter Jaksch. "Magnetic Monopoles and Synthetic Spin-Orbit Coupling in Rydberg Macrodimers." Physical Review Letters 110, no. 17 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.110.170402.

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49

Piot, N., B. Brun, V. Schmitt, et al. "A single hole spin with enhanced coherence in natural silicon." Nature Nanotechnology, September 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01196-z.

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AbstractSemiconductor spin qubits based on spin–orbit states are responsive to electric field excitations, allowing for practical, fast and potentially scalable qubit control. Spin electric susceptibility, however, renders these qubits generally vulnerable to electrical noise, which limits their coherence time. Here we report on a spin–orbit qubit consisting of a single hole electrostatically confined in a natural silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor device. By varying the magnetic field orientation, we reveal the existence of operation sweet spots where the impact of charge noise is minimized while preserving an efficient electric-dipole spin control. We correspondingly observe an extension of the Hahn-echo coherence time up to 88 μs, exceeding by an order of magnitude existing values reported for hole spin qubits, and approaching the state-of-the-art for electron spin qubits with synthetic spin–orbit coupling in isotopically purified silicon. Our finding enhances the prospects of silicon-based hole spin qubits for scalable quantum information processing.

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50

Livi, L. F., G. Cappellini, M. Diem, et al. "Synthetic Dimensions and Spin-Orbit Coupling with an Optical Clock Transition." Physical Review Letters 117, no. 22 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.117.220401.

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