Tesis sobre el tema "Synthèse sans solvants"
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Haddad, Ryma. "Synthèse frugale de catalyseurs hétérogènes par procédé éco-responsable de chimie sol-gel sans solvants". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS643.pdf.
Texto completoIndustry needs to move towards a sustainable economy, by reducing resources and energy consumptions and reducing waste production. Catalysis, especially through the use of catalysts, plays a key role in this transition. It significantly improves the energy efficiency of specific chemical reactions and selectively targeting their products. As a result, demand for catalysts has increased considerably due to environmental and energy concerns. To remain competitive, it is essential to optimise catalyst performance, catalytic processes and material properties, while reducing the energy and financial costs of their manufacture. This thesis aims to develop eco-responsible approaches for the large-scale manufacture of heterogeneous catalysts using solvent-free sol-gel chemistry coupled with mechanical mixing processes such as reactive extrusion. This strategy makes it possible to obtain high-performance catalytic materials while reducing their environmental impact. We will present a fundamental study that led to the description of the mechanisms involved in the synthesis of boehmite extrudates using solvent-free sol-gel chemistry coupled with the reactive extrusion process. The influence of material ageing parameters on the mechanical properties of the extrudates (necessary for a real industrial application) was also explored. Experiments were successfully carried out to create catalysts based on ruthenium and nickel supported on aluminium oxyhydoxide and alumina. The study shows that this "frugal" approach is competitive in terms of catalytic efficiency and much more sustainable than traditional methods
Zivic, Nicolas. "Synthèse de naphtalimides et dicétopyrrolopyrroles originaux pour les photopolymérisations radicalaire et cationique dans des conditions d'irradiation douces". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0056/document.
Texto completoPhotoinitiated polymerization has gained significant importance in industry as illustrated by the large number of applications of this technique in conventional areas such as coatings, inks, and adhesives but also high-tech domains, like optoelectronics, laser imaging, stereolithography, and nanotechnology. Indeed, photopolymerization presents several advantages such as decreasing the time of reaction, the possibility to be performed at room temperature or without solvents limiting the formation of volatile organic compounds. Moreover, the possibility to irradiate with high precision specific zones allows the spatial-control of the polymerization. Since 2011, photoinitiating systems able to initiate polymerization under soft light irradiation sources have been the subject of intense efforts to minimize the risks and the cost related to UV irradiation. However, even if some results are promising, the reported systems still present moderate reactivity and can hardly compete with actual UV systems. In this context, we have synthesized a large library of photosensitive molecules based on naphthalimide and dicetopyrrolopyrrole derivatives are able to initiate the polymerization under soft irradiation sources. The ad hoc functionalization of the chromophore and the consequent tuning of the photochemical properties have been used to develop highly efficient photoinitiating systems able to absorb into the near UV and visible spectra emitted by LED
Zivic, Nicolas. "Synthèse de naphtalimides et dicétopyrrolopyrroles originaux pour les photopolymérisations radicalaire et cationique dans des conditions d'irradiation douces". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0056.
Texto completoPhotoinitiated polymerization has gained significant importance in industry as illustrated by the large number of applications of this technique in conventional areas such as coatings, inks, and adhesives but also high-tech domains, like optoelectronics, laser imaging, stereolithography, and nanotechnology. Indeed, photopolymerization presents several advantages such as decreasing the time of reaction, the possibility to be performed at room temperature or without solvents limiting the formation of volatile organic compounds. Moreover, the possibility to irradiate with high precision specific zones allows the spatial-control of the polymerization. Since 2011, photoinitiating systems able to initiate polymerization under soft light irradiation sources have been the subject of intense efforts to minimize the risks and the cost related to UV irradiation. However, even if some results are promising, the reported systems still present moderate reactivity and can hardly compete with actual UV systems. In this context, we have synthesized a large library of photosensitive molecules based on naphthalimide and dicetopyrrolopyrrole derivatives are able to initiate the polymerization under soft irradiation sources. The ad hoc functionalization of the chromophore and the consequent tuning of the photochemical properties have been used to develop highly efficient photoinitiating systems able to absorb into the near UV and visible spectra emitted by LED
Berlioz, Sophie. "Étude de l'estérification de la cellulose par une synthèse sans solvant. Application aux matériaux nanocomposites". Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10260.
Texto completoThe esterification of surface hydroxyl groups of cellulose is an interesting way to overcome the problems linked to its high hydrophilicity and low compatibility with non-polar polymers. Ln this work, we describe the use of a novel solvent-free chemical pathway for grafting fatty acid chlorides onto the hydroxyls of cellulose. This reaction was applied at different scales: from the who le fibre to microfibrils and whiskers. Ln a first step, the process was studied for the hydrophobization of paper. The modelling based on experimental results accounts for the kinetics of diffusion and grafting and allows a better understanding of the process. Then, the process was broaden to other cellulose substrates with higher specific surfaces: microfibrils of wood pulp, bacterial cellulose and cotton and tunicate whiskers. The esterification was quantified by solid-state NMR and by gravimetric measurements. The grafting density depends not only the experimental conditions but also on the nature of the cellulosic substrate. An almost complete reaction has been achieved in specific conditions. The structural and morphological changes of the substrate for varying grafting densities were assessed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The characterizations by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and by tensile tests showed that the incorporation of modified microfibrils allows an improvement of the strength of polyethylene without a significant diminution of its tenacity
Černuchová, Petra. "Utilisation des alcoxyméthylènes disubstitués pour la synthèse d'hétérocycles d'intérêt biologique". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112086.
Texto completoThe aim of my PhD thesis was utilization of alkoxymethylene compounds in the synthesis of heterocycles possessing biological activity. The first part consists of solvent-free synthesis of quinolone derivatives. We have realised the synthesis of the quinolone derivatives in a three-step procedure from triethylorthoformate and activated methylene derivatives leading to alkoxymethylene malonates followed by reaction with aromatic amines and finally an intramolecular cyclization. High boiling solvents such as biphenyl and diphenyl ether used for thermal processes are solids at ambient temperature, which complicate work-up and recovery. To avoid this problem, a study of this reaction has been carried out under solvent-free conditions. The second part of my PhD study concerning the utilization of 2-ethoxymethylene-3-oxobutanenitrile and 3-ethoxy-2-methanesulfonylacrylonitrile in the synthesis of heterocycles possessing biological activity. As described in the literature, pyrazoles, pyrimidines and [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines have been the subject of chemical and biological studies due to their interesting pharmacology including antipyretic, analgesic, antiinflammatory, potential herbicidal, fungicidal and leishmanicidal properties. Stimulated by these findings, the reactions of the titles compounds with hydrazines, amidines, aminotriazoles, aminobenzazoles and other nitrogen nucleophiles were studied giving access to a set of new substituted pyrazoles, pyrimidines, quinolines etc. Some of these products have been inspected for biological activities against bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts and tumor HeLa and L1210 cells
Vaziri, Zand Farshid. "Réactivité et sélectivité induites en milieu hétérogène sans solvant : réactions de lactonisation et alkylations de phénates et de naphtoates". Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112223.
Texto completoMARTIN, BENOIT. "Reactions de condensation sans solvant sous irradiation micro-ondes : synthese de produits de knoevenagel et d'heterocycles azotes". Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN2009.
Texto completoRECHSTEINER, BENNO. "Reactions organiques sans solvant activees par les microondes : application a la synthese d'enaminocetones, imidazolines, oxazolines et cyclopropanes". Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10030.
Texto completoTOUAUX, BEATRICE. "Syntheses organiques sans solvant activees par les micro-ondes : generation et cycloaddition d'oxydes de nitrile, utilisation d'urees pour la synthese d'enaminocetones, de pyrimidine-diones et d'urees". Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10166.
Texto completoLandreat, Carol. "Glycosidation des pentoses sans solvant : application a la synthese de tensioactifs glycosidiques a partir de co-produits agricoles". Reims, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REIMP212.
Texto completoPaquin, Ludovic. "Etude de l'interaction micro-onde/matière appliquée à la synthèse sans solvant de nouveaux cyclohexènes et nitrocyclohexanols par réaction MIMIRC". Rennes 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN10043.
Texto completoFraga-Dubreuil, Joan. "Nouveaux développements sur l'utilisation en synthèse organique des liquides ioniques et de la technologie micro-ondes pour la catalyse et la chimie combinatoire". Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10062.
Texto completoLerestif, Jean-Michel. "Étude de la réactivité d'imidates dérivés d'a-amino esters, dans des réactions de cycloaddition dipolaire 1,3 : application à la synthèse sans solvant, de 2-imidazolines, de 2-oxazolines, et de 2-imidazolinones". Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10088.
Texto completoPedoussaut, Michel. "Catalyse par transfert de phase, solide-liquide, sans solvant rajouté : optimisation de la synthèse de nitriles : préparation et hydrolyse d'esters encombrés". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112041.
Texto completoSelmi, Boulbaba. "Influence des conditions de mise en oeuvre des lipases dans un milieu sans solvant sur la synthèse et l'alcoolyse des triglycérides". Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1100.
Texto completoNun, Pierrick. "Micro-ondes et activation mécanique : applications en synthèse organique et peptidique". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20107.
Texto completoGreen or Sustainable chemistry has become a growing area in the last few years. The necessity to limit the impact of human activities on environment and health, to find new resources for reactants and solvents drives us to develop a new way to perform chemistry. For this purpose, we have chosen to work on the development of new methods allowing us to perform solvent-free reactions. Among all these methods, mechanical and microwaves activations were specifically studied. Using microwaves, we first developed solvent-free Petasis reactions, giving a large variety of tricycles in one step and with a basic aqueous wash as the only purification step. We also showed that the Suzuki coupling could be performed in 10 min at 110°C without any solid support such as alumina and using a new NHC-Pd catalyst, the PEPPSI. Using mechanical activation, the interest of this method for the synthesis of nitrones and hydrazones was proven, the compounds were obtained after condensation of an amine on a carbonyle. Hydrazones could also be N-alkylated in a second step in basic conditions. The applicability of mechanical activation to prepare di- and tri-peptides using activated aminoacids, Urethane N-carboxyanhydrides (UNCA), was also shown. Peptides were obtained after ball-milling a UNCA with an aminoester chlorhydrate in basic conditions. Finally, one of the first applications of a ball-mill in asymmetric synthesis was realized, in order to prepare aminoacids after alkylation of Schiff bases in presence of cinchonidinium salts
MICHAUD, DAVID. "Synthese organique sans solvant activee par les micro-ondes focalisees : addition de michael du nitromethane sur des alcenes et alcynes electrophiles". Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN10044.
Texto completoOsuku-Opio, John. "Catalyse par transfert de phase solide-liquide sans solvant : application à la synthèse d'amino-acides beta-gamma insaturés et de N-hydroxyamino-acides". Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114816.
Texto completoJOLIVET, SANDRINE. "Synthese organique sans solvant et activee par les micro-ondes focalisees. Preparation de composes polyfonctionnels : heterocycles azotes simples ou accoles et cyclohexanones". Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN10186.
Texto completoPegot, Bruce. "Préparation de liquides ioniques chiraux : quelques exemples d'applications en synthèse asymétrique". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112171.
Texto completoDuring my Ph. D thesis we have developed an efficient method for the synthesis of ionic liquids under “green chemistry” conditions, using microwave activation without any organic solvent. By this method, different ionic liquids families, based on imidazolium or pyridinium cation, have been synthesized quickly (23-30 min) and easily in good yield (86-99%). A comparative studies of reactivity between microwave activation and conventional heating have been made. Non thermal microwave specific effects were evident. These results have been quantitatively determined by theorical calculationIn view of emerging importance of ionic liquids as new reaction media for organic syntheses especially in asymmetric synthesis, we prepared, by the same way chiral ionic liquide based on (1R, 2S)-ephedrinium salt in good yields (77-91%) within very short reaction times (10-180 min). We had alsostudied the role of chiral ionic liquids in asymmetric synthesis and catalysis. For this purpose we repoted for the first time, the use of chiral ionic liquids as reaction media in asymmetric Baylis-Hillman reaction. Significant results (ee< 44%) in term of enantioselectivity were obtained via chirality transfert from chiral ionic liquids. The aza-Diels-Alder reaction between Danishefsky's diene and imines was also studied in ionic liquids. The reaction has been found to perform better in ionic liquids using no acid catalyst at room temperature. Chiral ionic liquids are also used as new reaction media for reaction. Good yields (66- 77%) and more importantly, moderate diastereoselectivities up to 66% were obtained. Having established the all important role of ionic liquids in asymmetric transformation
Damianos, Nikolaos. "Catalyse par transfert de phase solide-liquide sans solvant : utilisation à la synthèse d'amino-acides non naturels et de composés à activité antivirale potentielle". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112215.
Texto completoABDALLAH-EL, AYOUBI SAHAR. "Syntheses organiques sans solvant activees par les microondes : application a la preparation de delta lactames, d'alcenes electrophiles et de cyclohexene polyfonctionnels". Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10088.
Texto completoPedoussaut, Michel. "Catalyse par transfert de phase, solide-liquide, sans solvant rajouté optimisation de la synthèse de nitriles : préparation et hydrolyse d'esters encombrés /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617412c.
Texto completoCherouvrier, Jean-René. "Utilisation de la technologie micro-onde pour la préparation stéréocontrôlée de dérivés d'imidazolidin-4-ones : application à la synthèse d'imidazol-4-ones analogues de la leucettamine B". Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10079.
Texto completoHusson, Éric. "Synthèse de dérivés fonctionnels de petits peptides par voie enzymatique". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL061N/document.
Texto completoThe present work consisted in studying the N and/or O-enzymatic acylation of amino alcohols and dipeptides. A preliminary study was firstly undertaken about the enzymatic acylation of a bifunctionnal model molecule, 6-amino-1-hexanol and demonstrated the ability of the lipase B of Candida antarctica to catalyze the acylation of this substrate in different reaction media. The reaction performed in organic solvents (hexane, 2-methyl-2-butanol) allowed to the synthesis of the diacylated product with a substrate conversion yield of 85 %, showing the absence of chimio-selectivity of the reaction. The use of a solvent-free system constituted of free fatty acid and the use of supercritical carbon dioxide permitted to orientate the selectivity of the reaction in favour of the O-acylation. Ionic liquids with imidazolium cation and few nucleophilic anions led to a substrate conversion of 99 % and to maintain the absence of chemo-selectivity observed in organic solvents. Then, the study focused on the acylation of model dipeptides like Lys-Ser, HCl and Ser-Leu. Results relative to the acylation of Lys-Ser, HCl catalyzed by the lipase B of Candida antarctica immobilized showed a selectivity in favour of the acylation of the e-amino function independently of the reaction medium. The Ser-Leu O-acylation permitted to demonstrate the influence of the molecular environment (electro-attractor C terminal carboxylic group) on the reactivity of the serine hydroxyl function. Finally, the enzymatic acylation of a bioactive dipeptide was catalyzed by the lipase B of Candida antarctica immobilized in organic solvent and by the acyl-transferase of Candida parapsilosis in lipid-aqueous biphasic medium. The acylation of carnosine allowed the N-oleyl carnosine synthesis. The acylation of carnosine did not affect its xanthine oxydase inhibition activity and seemed to improve its superoxyde anion scavenging property
Appy, Lucie. "Nouvelles approches de synthèses de nucléotides et de leurs conjugués". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS047.
Texto completoThis thesis relates to the global problem of the synthesis of phosphorylated biomolecules, and in particular of nucleotides and their analogues (polyphosphorylated derivatives, liponucleotides, glyconucleotides…). Indeed, these derivatives, whether endogenous or synthetic, are widely used as biological tools. Some of these compounds also exhibit strong therapeutic potential, in particular in the field of antiviral or antitumor agents. The preparation of these polyphosphorylated derivatives however remains a technological challenge owing to the multiple tedious and expensive purification steps, often leading to modest to low yields.The primary objective of this work, lies in the development of new, efficient and/or eco-responsible synthetic methodologies of nucleotides derivatives. The first chapter of this manuscript corresponds to a non-exhaustive presentation of the methods described in the literature for the synthesis of various nucleotides, emphasizing their advantages and drawbacks. The second chapter concerns the development of a supported synthesis methodology of nucleotides and nucleotide analogues in the adenosine series. Finally, the last chapter describes a second new and eco-responsible methodology using a solvent-free approach
Bousquet, Till. "Nouveaux modes d'activation de précurseurs d'ions N-acyliminiums : catalyse chimique et électrochimie organique : applications à la synthèse de pyrrolizidines hydroxylées". Le Havre, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LEHA0014.
Texto completoThis dissertation is based on the development of new N-acyliminium ion activation modes for the α-amidoalkylation reaction of silicon-based and related nucleophiles. The first part of this work illustrates the remarkable catalytic efficiency of TIPSOTf and HNTf2 in promoting Mannich type. After developing this process in solution, the procedure was improved with the implementation of a solvent-free variant which could be carried out at very low catalyst loading. The second part focuses on the electrogeneration and accumulation of N-acyliminium ions (cation pool approach) starting from carbamate under anodic oxidation conditions. This part of our work has contributed to considerably improve the by Chiba's protocol. In the last act of this memory, the 3-chloro-2-(methoxymethoxy)prop-1-ene proved to be a highly efficient in both α-amidoalkylation variants. Then, the potential dipolarophilicity of this nucleophile has been highlighted by very short syntheses of 2-hydroxy-pyrrolizidines
Perrard, Thierry. "Synthèse énantiosélective des énantiomères du dihydrojasmonate de méthyle". Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES054.
Texto completoBailliez, Vincent. "Nouvelle méthode de préparation de 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose sur support solide et sans solvant sous irradiation micro-ondes : étude de réactions de substitution avec les azotures alcalins sous irradiation micro-ondes et préparation de produits polyazotés de glucose : synthèse d'analogues de la Fattiviracine". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112036.
Texto completoDuring the preparation of this doctoral dissertation, several themes have been considered and dealt with. We have elaborated a new method of preparation of 1,6- anhydro-d-glycopyranose. Satisfactory yields were obtained utilizing solid support (basic alumina), without solvent, under microwave irradiation. The new method is highly economical and can readily be extended to the preparation of large amounts of material. A methodological investigation has also been accomplished for substitution reactions in the presence of azide ions under microwave irradiation. Our study has been completing similar researches on the chemistry of carbohydrates, previously achieved in the laboratory applying classical reactions under conditions of microwave irradiation. We were also interested in the synthesis of polynitrogenated derivatives of d-glucose. Starting from levoglucosane, the synthesis of two tetra-nitrogenated derivatives have been carried out. Eventually, we have undertaken the synthesis of fattivlracine that new antiviral agent exhibits a remarkable activity against herpes virus, influenza virus, varicella virus as well as hiv-1. Fattiviracine is an eighteen-membered macrolide encompassing two molecules of d-glucose and carrying two side-chains. We are aware of two other natural products of closely related istructures cycloviracine and glucolipsine, exhibiting rather similar biological activities. The structural difference between the three compounds involve the constitution of their side-chain. Starting from levoglucosane and the readily available s-malic acid, we have synthesised, in ten steps, the common macrolide unit of this family of natural product. Our synthetic scheme, involving a limited number of steps, to obtain the macrocyclic core of these substances make it a valuable procedure for the synthesis of analogues of cyclovlracine and glucolipsine. As a matter of fact, the addition to the macrocycle of various types of side-chains may be now considered