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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Swiss school and reforms"

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Tesis sobre el tema "Swiss school and reforms"

1

Chissick, Naomi. "Factors affecting the implementation of reforms in secondary school mathematics." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417179.

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Chen, Min-Chiang James. "Financial reforms in Taiwan : opportunities and challenges towards liberalization and internationalization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11355.

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Charpentier, Apolline. "The impact of Basel II reforms : a contraction in SME lending." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90234.

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Thesis: S.M. in Management Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The implementation of Basel II reforms has been designed to protect the international financial system from major bank collapses through the enforcement of minimum capital adequacy ratios. This new set of rules has raised concerns of triggering changes in institutions' business models leading to credit contraction, which in turn could potentially contribute to slower global economic development. Small and Middle Enterprises, which have traditionally been engines of growth, innovation, and R&D in Europe, are highly reliant on bank loans as opposed to equity funding. This thesis focuses on the specific impact of Basel II reforms on SME access to financing. The paper is structured around four sections. Part I provides a technical summary of the regulation, focusing on the specific capital requirements for SMEs. Part II reviews today's literature on the topic. Finally, parts III and IV respectively provide a theoretical and empirical examination of the consequences of the reforms on SME financing. Based on these analyses, this thesis supports the conclusion that Basel II reforms have not been the cause of a contraction in SME lending.<br>by Apolline Charpentier.<br>S.M. in Management Studies
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4

Worner, Cindy Baker Paul J. "The differential response patterns of local schools to state mandated reforms." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9720816.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1996.<br>Title from title page screen, viewed June 1, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Paul Baker (chair), Dianne Ashby, Patricia Klass, William Rau. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-95) and abstract. Also available in print.
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5

Pages, Martin Marcel. "School autonomy with accountability reforms in Madrid: From instrumentation to policy enactment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672580.

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Aquesta tesis estudia les polítiques d’autonomia escolar amb rendiment de comptes (SAWA, pel seu acrònim en anglès), com un model de reforma global, traduït i re-contextualitzat en un context sub-nacional. En concret, s’analitza la ‘instrumentació’, els impactes i els ‘enactments’ de les polítiques SAWA a Espanya, amb un enfocament particular sobre el cas de la Comunitat de Madrid. Les polítiques SAWA impulsen un model de reforma educativa a partir de la combinació de majors nivells d’autonomia escolar i descentralització, amb nous instruments d’avaluació i rendiment de comptes (RdC), amb l’objectiu de millorar l’eficàcia i eficiència dels sistemes educatius (Verger et al., 2019; Sahlberg, 2016). Aquest model, emergeix sota els principis de la Nova Gestió Publica (NGP) durant els anys 1980 en el món Anglo-Saxó, malgrat s’ha disseminat, més recentment, en països sense una tradició administrativa gerencial. Aquest és el cas d’Espanya, on el sistema d’avaluació escolar s’ha desenvolupat de manera incipient sota una aproximació burocràtica. Tanmateix, des dels anys 2000, diverses Comunitats Autònomes han adoptat mecanismes de RdC i reformes en l’àmbit de la governança. A Madrid, les polítiques SAWA s’han implementat conjuntament amb esquemes d’elecció escolar en un sistema educatiu de quasi-mercat relativament diversificat, contribuint a consolidar un gir en la governança del sistema, d’acord amb un model post-burocràtic. Adoptant un enfocament multi-escalar, aquesta tesis estudia la ‘instrumentació’ de la reforma SAWA, no només per assolir un millor coneixement sobre les motivacions, racionalitats i trajectòries de la reforma, sinó també per identificar i analitzar els seus principals impactes i ‘enactments’. A nivell macro, s’analitza la selecció i adopció dels instruments de RdC. A nivell meso, s’estudien els principals impactes de les polítiques SAWA sobre les dinàmiques inter-escolars en els mercats educatius locals. Per últim, a nivell micro, s’analitza la interpretació i traducció de les polítiques SAWA en les organitzacions escolars. L’estratègia metodològica segueix l’enfocament de l’estudi de cas, combinant dades, fonts i tècniques de recerca de naturalesa diversa, incloent entrevistes qualitatives amb actors polítics (n=35), anàlisis de documental de normativa educativa (n=12), entrevistes amb actors escolars (n=54) i enquestes amb docents (n=844) i directors (n=179). Els resultats mostren com els models internacionals i els discursos globals han guanyat centralitat en la difusió de les polítiques SAWA. Tanmateix, la seva traducció en contextos locals i nacionals és contingent a diversos factors de naturalesa política, administrativa i cultural. En el cas de Madrid, les reformes SAWA van ser adoptades seguint models de reforma internacionals, però no van assolir una major consolidació degut a obstacles polítics i administratius, sobretot pel que fa a la disseminació pública del resultats de les proves estandarditzades. Tot i així, les proves externes han estat redefinides i s’han mantingut conjuntament amb polítiques d’elecció escolar, generant importants pressions externes i competitives que les escoles adrecen amb diferents lògiques d’acció en un mercat educatiu verticalment segmentat. A nivell intra-escolar, aquesta tesis demostra com ‘l’enactment’ dels diversos components de les polítiques de RdC difereix entre centres educatius. Quan els actors escolars no creuen en l’adequació i legitimitat dels sistemes de RdC, tendeixen de desvincular les estructures formals de les pràctiques escolars reals associades a l’avaluació externa. Aquesta tesis suggereix algunes implicacions destacades en termes de recerca i implementació política. Els resultats assenyalen que quan les polítiques SAWA s’implementen en sistemes educatius verticalment diferenciats i sota regulacions de lliure elecció escolar, poden contribuir a una intensificació de la segmentació escolar, i per tant, limitar les possibilitats de millora per aquelles escoles en condicions de major vulnerabilitat, debilitant el rol cohesionador i anivellador de l’educació, i reforçant-ne les seves funcions de reproducció social.<br>Esta tesis estudia las políticas de autonomía escolar con rendimiento de cuentas (SAWA, por su acrónimo en inglés), como un modelo de reforma global re-contextualizado en un contexto sub-nacional. En concreto, se analiza la ‘instrumentación’, los impactos y los ‘enactments’ de las políticas SAWA en España, con una atención especial sobre el caso de la Comunidad de Madrid. Las políticas SAWA impulsan un modelo de reforma educativa a partir de la combinación de mayores niveles de autonomía escolar y descentralización, con nuevos instrumentos de evaluación y rendición de cuentas (RdC), con el objetivo de mejorar la eficacia y eficiencia de los sistemas educativos (Verger te al., 2019; Sahlberg, 2016). Este modelo, emerge bajo los principios de la Nueva Gestión Pública (NGP) durante los años 1980 en el mundo Anglo-Sajón. Sin embargo, más recientemente se ha diseminado en países sin una tradición administrativa gerencial. Este es el caso de España, donde el sistema de evaluación escolar se ha desarrollado de manera incipiente con una aproximación burocrática. Sin embargo, desde los años 2000 varias Comunidades Autónomas han adoptado mecanismos de RdC y reformas de la gobernanza escolar. En Madrid, las políticas SAWA se han implementado conjuntamente con esquemas de libre elección en un sistema educativo de cuasi-mercado relativamente diversificado, contribuyendo a consolidar un giro en la gobernanza del sistema, de acuerdo con un modelo post-burocrático. Adoptando un enfoque multi-escalar, esta tesis estudia la ‘instrumentación’ de la reforma SAWA, no sólo para lograr un mejor entendimiento sobre sus motivaciones, racionalidades y trayectorias, sino también para identificar y analizar sus principales impactos y ‘enactments’. A nivel macro, se analiza la selección y adopción de los instrumentos de RdC. A nivel meso, se estudian los principales impactos de las políticas SAWA sobre las dinámicas inter-escolares en los mercados educativos locales. Por último, a nivel micro, se analiza la interpretación y traducción de las políticas SAWA en las organizaciones escolares. La estrategia metodológica sigue el enfoque del estudio de caso, combinando datos y técnicas de investigación de naturaleza diversa, incluyendo entrevistas cualitativas con actores políticos (n=35), análisis de documental de normativa educativa (n=12), entrevistas con actores escolares (n=54) y encuestas con docentes (n=844) y directores (n=179). Los resultados muestran cómo los modelos internacionales y los discursos globales han ganado centralidad en la difusión de las políticas SAWA. Sin embargo, su traducción en contextos locales es contingente a diversos factores de naturaleza política, administrativa y cultural. En Madrid, las reformas SAWA fueron adoptadas siguiendo modelos internacionales, pero no lograron una mayor consolidación debido a obstáculos políticos y administrativos, sobre todo en cuanto a la diseminación pública de los resultados de las pruebas estandarizadas. Aun así, las pruebas externas han sido redefinidas y se han mantenido conjuntamente con políticas de elección escolar, generando importantes presiones externas y competitivas, que las escuelas enfrentan con diferentes lógicas de acción en un mercado educativo verticalmente segmentado. A nivel intra-escolar, esta tesis demuestra como el ‘enactment’ de los diversos componentes de las políticas de RdC difiere entre centros. Además, cuando los actores escolares no creen en la adecuación y legitimidad de los sistemas de RdC, tienden de desvincular las estructuras formales de las prácticas reales asociadas a la evaluación externa. Esta tesis sugiere importantes implicaciones. Los resultados señalan que cuando las políticas SAWA se implementan en sistemas educativos verticalmente diferenciados y bajo regulaciones de libre elección, pueden contribuir a una intensificación de la segmentación escolar, y por tanto, limitar las posibilidades de mejora para aquellas escuelas en condiciones de mayor vulnerabilidad, debilitando el rol cohesionador y nivelador de la educación, y reforzando sus funciones de reproducción social.<br>This thesis aims to study the recontextualisation of School Autonomy with Accountability (SAWA) reforms as a global education policy, translated and enacted in a subnational context. More specifically, the thesis analyses the instrumentation, impacts and enactments of SAWA policies in Spain, with a particular focus on the region of Madrid. SAWA policies aims to reform education systems by combining major levels of decentralization and school autonomy with novel policy instruments of accountability and evaluation, with the ultimate aim of improving the efficiency and efficacy of education systems (Verger et al., 2019; Sahlberg, 2016). This model emerged under the tenets of New Public Management (NPM) during the 1980 in the Anglo-Saxon world, but has been disseminated in countries without managerial administrative traditions. This is the case of Spain, where school evaluation has been developed incipiently under a bureaucratic approach. However, since the 2000s, different Spanish regions have adopted external accountability mechanisms and governance reforms. In Madrid, SAWA policies have been implemented together with open school choice schemes in a relatively diversified quasi-market of educational providers. Overall, the introduction of accountability mechanisms to regulate a quasi-market education system has contributed to consolidate a governance shift towards a post-bureaucratic educational model. Under this policy context, this thesis analyses the instrumentation of SAWA reforms not only to gain a better understanding of the motivations, rationales and trajectories of the reforms but also to identify and analyse their main impacts and enactments. Adopting a multi-scalar approach, this thesis addresses the policy selection and adoption of accountability tools from a macro level of analysis; its main impacts regarding the interschool dynamics in the local education markets from a meso level of analysis; and its policy enactments at the school level from a micro analysis. The methodological strategy follows a case study approach, combining data sources and research techniques of a diverse nature, including qualitative interviews with policymakers and stakeholders (n=35), analysis of policy documents (n=12), interviews with teachers and principals (n=54) and survey responses of teachers (n=844) and principals (n=179). This thesis uncovers some interesting results at the different levels of analysis. From the macro level, the results show how international policy models and global discourses are gaining centrality in the diffusion of SAWA policies. However, their translation in the local and national context is contingent to diverse political, administrative and cultural factors. In Madrid, the SAWA reforms were adopted following international models, but they did not reach further consolidation due to political and administrative hindering factors, especially regarding the public dissemination of the standardised test’s results. However, the test has been redefined and lasted together with school choice policies, generating important external competitive pressures that schools face adopting diverse logics of action in a vertically segmented education market. At the school level, this thesis illustrates how the components of the accountability mandate are differently enacted in the schools. Moreover, the results suggest that when school actors do not believe in the adequacy or fairness of the accountability system, they tend to decouple formal structures from real school practices. This thesis has important implications for policy and research. The results point out that when implemented in vertically differentiated education systems and under broad school choice regulations, SAWA reforms may contribute to further intensify school segmentation and, hence, limit the possibilities of improving those schools in more disadvantaged conditions, thus undermining the cohesive and levelling role of education and reinforcing its reproductive functions.<br>Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Sociologia
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6

Baccaro, Lucio. "The organizational consequences of democracy : labor unions and economic reforms in contemporary Italy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9685.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1999.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 258-274).<br>Introduction: This dissertation deals with the recent strategic and organizational transformation of the Italian labor movement. The wave of strikes that swept all West-European countries between the late 1960s and the early 1970s lasted longer in Italy than anywhere else in the world and its effects were much more incisive. 1 The Italian unions emerged from the so-called "Hot Autumn" as much stronger organizations, well-rooted at the enterprise level, and animated by a radical, transformative ideology.Their goal was not just improving the wages and working conditions of the Italian workers but rather promoting a "social revolution" in the country. During the 1970s and 1980s, the behavior of these unions proved to be incompatible with the long-term stability of an open, capitalist economy. Wages grew faster that productivity. Consequently, Italy's inflation rates were higher than all other international competitors. The competitiveness of Italian goods on international markets fell while import penetration increased. Profit margins declined and with them, both capital accumulation and growth rates declined as well. Strike levels were higher than in all other advanced countries. Union demands for expansionary social policies spurred similar requests by other social groups and thus, caused the opening of a (growing) gap between public expenditures and tax receipts. Finally, unlike other unions in Central and Northern Europe, the Italian unions refused to come to terms with Italy's many macroeconomic imbalances by accepting wage moderation and promoting centralized collective bargaining. Beginning with the early 1990s, the Italian kbor movement radically changed its bargaining behavior and firmly embraced the cause of cooperation with management and government forces. In 1993, the Italian unions signed an incomes policies protocol aimed at bringing about centralized control of nominal wage growth. This agreement has been credited with greatly facilitating the process of macroeconomic adjustment in Italy. In 1995 and 1997, they agreed to important reforms of the state pension system. In 1996, they signed a so-called "pact for employment" - a pact aimed at creating favorable investment conditions in underdeveloped areas through flexibility in hiring and firing and the reduction of wage levels below national minima. In sum, the Italian union movement completely reshaped itself in less than ten years. How do we understand this sudden and perhaps even unexpected strategic reversal from conflict to cooperation?<br>by Pasquale V. (Lucio) Baccaro.<br>Ph.D.
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7

Krop, Cathy S. "The finances of education governance reforms in California evidence from school district spending patterns /." Santa Monica, CA : Rand, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36093673.html.

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Williams, Gareth. "How has the independent sector responded to state school pay reforms? : a comparative case study." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55406/.

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Two broad themes emerge from the study. The first relates to the character of 'independent' schools and raises some questions about their supposed autonomy. The second theme concerns the notion of 'new public management' and whether it is a concept appropriate for analysing change in practice in purported private sector institutions and whether private sector bodies can ever by subject to NPM measures.
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Jerolleman, Alessandra. "Governance Changes in Four Urban School Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Preconditions for Adopting Reforms." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/403.

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There is an almost universal belief that our school system is failing to educate its students. At the same time there is little agreement regarding what the problems are and how to correct them. Many urban school districts are turning to drastic reform measures, oftentimes attempting one major reform after another. This paper will address the question of whether cities which have opted to significantly change their educational system share any common characteristics related to this decision. In particular this paper will focus on four cities: Boston, Chicago, New Orleans, and Philadelphia. Given the current problems with education, and the difficulty of sustaining reforms, this question is highly relevant at the present moment.
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Rizvi, Meher. "The relationships between school reforms and teacher professionalism in government primary schools in Karachi, Pakistan." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15955/1/Meher_Rizvi_Thesis.pdf.

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The government primary education system in Karachi, Pakistan, is faced with many problems and dilemmas and each dilemma justifies a reason, but perhaps no problem is as grave as the dejected professional status of the government primary school teachers in Karachi. Schools are only as good as their teachers, regardless of how high their standards, how up-to-date their technology, or how innovative their programs. With a large numbers of under-educated, under-trained, under-paid and, most importantly of all, undervalued government primary school teachers in Karachi, Pakistan (Hoodbhoy, 1998; Shaikh, 1997), only a low percentage of teachers can be effective. Whether the children in Pakistan will be the enlightened and the informed citizens of tomorrow or ignorant members of society will depend on teacher knowledge, teacher education and above all teacher professionalism. If teachers do matter the most, then a series of questions result. What is being done for this section of the society that matters so much? Are efforts being taken to find out what teachers in the government primary schools need to achieve their professional goals? Are these teachers given adequate opportunities to learn, to improve and to become effective teachers? How can these teachers meet the ever increasing demands placed upon them? How will these teachers successfully lead the students into the twenty-first century? Do the primary government school teachers believe that they can successfully lead children into the twenty-first century? Are school reforms geared towards enhancing teachers' professionalism? This research that focuses on the relationships between school reforms and teacher professionalism in government primary schools in Karachi, Pakistan, addresses such questions. In this thesis, I outline some of the measures that have been taken at the government, at the non-government and at the school sector level to restructure and reform primary government schools in Pakistan. A mixed methods research approach was undertaken to investigate the relationships between these reforms and teacher professionalism. Quantitative data were collected by means of questionnaire surveys and qualitative data were collected in the selected four case sites by means of interviews and field notes. In this research it was important to investigate teacher efficacy, teacher practice, teacher leadership and collaborative efforts as the different dimensions of professionalism and the relationships between these and the school reforms for enhanced teacher professionalism. Research was required which addressed the question of "What it actually means to be a professional teacher in government primary schools in Karachi, Pakistan, and how school reforms can actually develop teacher learning for improved teacher professionalism?" Contrary to the detached and noncommittal attitude with which the government primary school teachers are characterized in many contexts, the teachers in this study have indicated that they are confident and capable; they can articulate and communicate ideas; they can make decisions and undertake responsibilities; they understand that it is important to collaborate and learn from one another; and they are willing to undertake leadership roles if they have the opportunities. This has strong implications for policy makers to provide teachers with the opportunities to become active and reflective professionals. It is important to regard teachers as change agents capable of generating knowledge and of making change happen, rather than as passive recipients and users of knowledge. The data provided by the teachers have indicated that it is possible to enhance teacher professionalism within the existing government primary school structures. While the different teachers were at different levels or stages of professionalism, it was quite clear that they had all advanced in terms of their professionalism as a consequence of reform initiatives. These changes in the teachers' levels of professionalism defined the relationships between the school reforms and teacher professionalism. In other words, the school reforms have been able to develop teacher professionalism and take it to a higher level than where it was when the reforms were initiated in the schools. Based on the analysis of the findings, this research theorizes that teacher professionalism is developed when teachers are provided with both the professional knowledge and skills to improve their capabilities, and opportunities to translate professional knowledge and skills into classroom and school activities to make the most of their capabilities. The research proposes that the strength of these relationships between school reforms and teacher professionalism depends on the dynamism with which the reform managers take teachers through the stage of involving them in developmental process, the stage of initiating professional development programmes and the stage of developing schools into collaborative cultures and establishing networks with the help of enlightened principals and hybrid support structures. Based on this proposition a number of principles have been identified for sustaining and further developing teacher professionalism. The study acknowledges that the process of developing teacher professionalism is complex and that it will be the blend of different elements in the schools, the particular school context and political will that will decide how professionalism can best be fostered in the government primary schools. However, since the principles derived from this research are based on grounded research findings and are also supported by literature and other relevant research in the area of teacher development, they may be applicable to other primary schools where similar reforms are being implemented in Pakistan and other developing countries seeking to address similar problems. Policy makers and large private organizations may benefit from the principles of developing and fostering teacher professionalism.
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