Tesis: "Survey Language"

1

Rahmani, Monireh. "Ethnography of language change : an ethnolinguistic survey of the Gilaki language /". Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/42576051.html.

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2

Guo, Rui. "Gender Differences in Language : A Newspaper Survey". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Lärarutbildning, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8025.

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3

Lau, Yung Simon. "A survey of language use, language needs, and language requirement of Hong Kong Cantonese-speaking reporters". HKBU Institutional Repository, 1996. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/77.

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4

Ball, Staci Lee Johnson. "Methods of Language Assessment: A Survey of Oregon Public School Speech-language Pathologists". PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4970.

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Much advice has been published in the last 40 years that has attempted to aid speech-language pathologists in choosing language assessment tools (e.g., Danwitz, 1981 & Darley, 1979 ). Questions have arisen about what tests are actually being used in public schools and the reasons for those tests being used over other tests. The data bank of information is minimal in this area as only one study has appeared in the literature in which Wilson, Blackmon, Hall, & Elcholtz, (1991), conducted a State survey of currently used language assessment instruments. The primary research question to be answered was: What methods of language assessment are being used in Oregon? Secondary questions to be answered were: (a) What factors influence the selection and use of the chosen procedures?, (b) What are the dates of development of the tests used most frequently, (c) By what means do the public school clinicians keep themselves current with new trends and information in the field? There were 567 questionnaires mailed out to Oregon Speech-Language Pathologists who worked in the public school setting and served children 4-9 years of age. Of the 297 respondees, only 4 reported not using any formal instruments for language assessment. Results show 9 main standardized tests were used for measuring expressive language by the majority of the respondents. Listed in order of frequency of use, they are: TOLD, EOWPVT, WORD test, CELF, LPT, SPELT, ASSET, TOPS, and the PLS. For receptive language, also in order of frequency of use, the 1 O main tests were as follows: PPVT, TOLD, CELF, TACL, ASSET, BOEHM, PLS, ROWPVT, BRACKEN, and the LPT. Factors that influenced the selection and use of specific tests included: personal experience; ease of administration; time restraints; budgets and availability of tests and district protocols for assessments. Dates of publication, new and revisions, for both the expressive and receptive tests used ranged from 1983 - 1990. At the time of this survey, the main ways that clinicians were keeping themselves current for new tests on the market were word of mouth from associates, inservices on new tests, and reading new information in journals.

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5

Taggesell, Richard Patrick. "Popular culture in the language arts classroom a survey /". Online pdf file accessible through the World Wide Web, 2010. http://archives.evergreen.edu/masterstheses/Accession89-10MIT/Taggesell_RPMIT2010.pdf.

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6

Loulidi, Rafik. "Language contact and language conflict in Morocco : a survey of language use and attitudes among school bilingual learners". Thesis, University of Ulster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284846.

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7

Novello, Sandra. "Social validation survey on speech-language pathologists in the schools". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/s_novello_041410.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in speech and hearing sciences)--Washington State University, May 2010.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on Apr. 30, 2010). "Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-54).

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8

Elchert, Keith J. "A survey of Midwestern newspaper editors on current language use". CardinalScholar 1.0, 2009. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1468269.

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This thesis makes use of an online survey to study the current state of language use among newspapers in the American Midwest. Specifically, it examines editors’ attitudes toward and adaptation to changed language over the course of the last fifteen years. Those years have seen a general relaxation of language-use standards in the allowance of profanity, as well as changes brought about by emerging electronic media including the Internet and text messaging. The survey results indicate editors are gradually reacting to these changes, as opposed to leading the charge for change themselves.
Department of Journalism

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9

Matson, Jill Lynn Wilhelm Ronald Wayne. "Perceptions of preparedness and practices a survey of teachers of English language learners /". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5145.

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10

Keogh, Jennifer. "A Survey of Those in the U.S. Deaf Community about Reading and Writing ASL". Thesis, The University of North Dakota, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1552203.

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On average, students who are deaf do not develop English literacy skills as well as their hearing peers. The linguistic interdependence principle suggests that literacy in American Sign Language (ASL) may improve literacy in English for students who are deaf. However, the Deaf community in the United States has not widely adopted a written form of ASL. This research surveys individuals in the U.S. Deaf community to better understand the opinions surrounding literacy in ASL.

The survey was presented online, containing both ASL in embedded videos and written English. The survey asked for the participants' demographic information, language and educational background, opinions about reading and writing ASL, and opinions on specific writing systems. Sixty-two surveys were analyzed using Chi-square Goodness of Fit tests and Tests of Independence.

The results show that those who desire to read and write ASL are in the minority. The respondents were evenly divided among those who supported literacy in ASL, those who opposed it, and those who felt ambivalent about it. The factors that influenced their opinions were (1) the widespread use of a written form of ASL; (2) the value of literacy in ASL; (3) the style of a writing system; (4) writing with other Deaf individuals; (5) the face-to-face culture in the Deaf community; (6) video technology; and (7) the dominance of English. The respondents were highly educated, which may have influenced these results. Surveying a more representative population is necessary to better understand the opinions about literacy in ASL in the U.S. Deaf community.

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11

Cheng, Yonghong. "English non-plural nouns in -s : a survey and corpus-based study". Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1395455.

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The English suffix -s is usually used to mark third person singular present tense, noun plurals, possessives, and in some adverbs, but it is also used in words like news, linguistics, measles, billiards, belongings, riches, oats, shivers, scissors, etc. In the literature so far, words like these have been studied mainly from the diachronic perspective, according to their morphological features and within the realm of count and mass nouns, and the suffix -s has been called a plural marker, possessive marker, pseudo-morpheme, or nominalizer. But these functions identified for the English suffix -s can't successfully explain usages of the suffix -s in all the non-plural English nouns, especially those that are not abstract nouns.In this dissertation a survey on the use of English non-plural nouns in -s is conducted with middle school students, college freshmen, college seniors, college professors and staff members as subjects using six different grammatical tests. It is found that the High School group and Staff Members always stand out as different from College Students and Professors suggesting that education level or the heterogeneousness of education levels does play a role in affecting the subjects' use of the English non-plural nouns in -s. In the survey, the subjects' performance in different types of tests is statistically different indicating that different kinds of tests affect the subjects' performance and grammaticality judgment differently.The FROWN-based study shows that most of these English non-plural nouns in -s are not used very frequently in contemporary American English, revealing that most of the English reference grammars are using obsolete or historical examples. The corpus-based study also tells us that most of the cases of these English non-plural nouns in -s are in non-subject positions, making it harder for us to test the number status of these words. But this large number of non-subject cases just means that we can't tell whether these words are intrinsically plural or singular and in fact except for only a few clearly marked plural cases there is a strong tendency towards generic interpretations for these non-plural nouns in -s. Actually it is this in-determinateness that makes the appearance of the new morpheme or new functions of old morphemes possible.The data from the Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Ed, Online (OED), supports Stahlke, Cheng & Sung's (forthcoming) argument that in the late 16th and early 17th century a new morpheme--the nominalizer -s, was developed in the English language to turn adjectives and concrete nouns into abstract nouns. The data on the historical semantic development of English non-plural nouns in -s from the OED also reveals the process of a semantic shift of Adj. -+ Sing. N -+ Pl. N -+ Col. N - Gen. N. This process of semantic shift is strongly evidenced by the disappearance of singular forms of the English non-plural nouns -s in the late 16th and early 17th century and successfully explains why the English nouns in -s have the generic interpretation and require singular verb agreement.
Department of English

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12

Smith, Denise Marie. "Evaluation of language development specialist training: A survey of teachers and administrators". Scholarly Commons, 1995. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2586.

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This study was completed following extensive Language Development Specialist (LDS) Training in Stockton Unified School District (SUSD) between 1992 and 1994. A post training survey designed by this researcher was mailed to all (303) teachers and administrators/elementary and secondary who participated in LDS training during this time. This survey asked participants to identify training information applicable to daily work tasks. One hundred seven teachers and twenty-four administrators completed this survey. The survey was divided into four sections. Sections I and II were based on the Nine LDS competencies. A 2 x 2 Chi Square Test of Association was completed for this data. Significant differences (p. $<$ 05) were obtained for teacher and administrator responses for changes made/observed in the classroom for planning lessons, teaching strategies, selecting materials, testing, and certifying limited/non-English (LEP/NEP) speaking students. Both groups noted some to significant understanding for background/culture/language of LEP/NEP students and differences between bilingual education and English as a second language. Section III was a sentence completion task. These items were: (a) most valuable information received from LDS training, (b) information of little or no value, (c) items to include/exclude in future LDS type training programs, and (d) additional comments. Improved understanding of second language acquisition was most valuable information, history and court cases was of little or/no value. Future LDS type training should include practical application to daily work tasks and exclude statistics and theory. Additional comments emphasized pressure from SUSD to complete LDS training and pass the state exam. Section IV asked participants to identify their grade level and date(s) of LDS training. Data beyond grade level was not tabulated since less than 2% identified date(s) of LDS training. Post-training feedback was the basis of this investigation. This promotes reflective thought and allows participants to more accurately identify information applicable to daily work tasks. Implications for future research include increased practical information and employee input in staff training design, content, and presentation.

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13

Greer, Alana. "Teaching English Language Learners in the Art Classroom: A Survey of Approaches". VCU Scholars Compass, 2011. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/192.

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This study consisted of an online survey of members of the National Art Education Association Elementary Division in which 29 participants answered questions related to their instruction of English language learners in the elementary art classroom. Four participants participated in follow-up interviews as the researcher sought to answer the research questions: What pedagogical and curricular adaptations in the art classroom may be effective strategies for teaching English language learners? What are the perceived challenges of having a linguistically diverse art classroom? Participants offered a variety of pedagogical adaptations but suggested few curricular adaptations. Participants revealed challenges related to their teacher preparation and efforts to communicate clearly with students. The findings of the study also raise concerns that the needs of English language learners may not be recognized or met due to some educators’ lack of awareness of cultural differences and the assumption that art is a universal language.

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14

Yoho, Sarah E. "Professional issues and concerns in school-based speech-language pathology a survey /". Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/37284.

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15

Miranda, Ine︠s︡ Miranda. "An optimality theoretic analysis of Nicaraguan Spanish diminutivization : results of a field survey /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8393.

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16

Jenkins, Stephen Graham. "An object oriented and visual data analysis environment : semantics and pragmatics of multi language programming". Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274390.

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17

Ricker, Curtis Eugene Fortune Ron. "Teaching writing through conferencing a survey and a study of its effect on basic writers /". Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1987. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p8806866.

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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1987.
Title from title page screen, viewed August 30, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Ron Fortune (chair), Mack Bowen, Irene Brosnahan, Elizabeth McMahan, Maurice Scharton. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-194) and abstract. Also available in print.

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18

Malieque, Joao A. "A sociopsychological survey of language attitudes in southern Africa : a case study of Mozambique : proposals for language use and language in education in Mozambique". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842792/.

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A recent study of the language question in Mozambique criticises the fact that not enough practical attention is being given by the ruling party to the promotion of the Indigenous languages in spite of the rhetorical commitment to this. This research-study intends to argue for the need to empower Mozambican (and other Southern African) indigenous languages for more extended functions in national life. It is hoped that it will make a contribution to the understanding of the sociopsychological, sociolinguistic, and sociopolitical dimensions of language attitudes in the Mozambican language context. Therefore, the first Chapter will analyse the socio-historical foundations necessary for an understanding of current language attitudes in Mozambique. It is important to emphasise, at this point, that a more general sociological approach or an approach considering language attitudes will be adopted in preference to an approach with political analysis (such as Phillipson, R.). Considering that the Chapter presents a brief definition of the subject, a review of the literature and suggestions of areas for future research, I propose to divide it in two ; Part I and Part II. The second will attempt to provide a concise account of the present language situation in Mozambique. In the third Chapter, an investigation of language attitudes research in Mozambique will be carried out, together with pointers as to how such research may contribute to language policy-making, language-planning and action. Then, the study will outline the methodologies to be used in language attitudes research and suggest how future research should proceed. It will show the major findings of the research and discuss important areas for future studies. Finally, the Chapter will explore the attitudinal dimensions of language speaker numbers and power variables. Chapter four will discuss different aspects of the difficult issue of language use in education in Mozambique, in particular, and Southern Africa, in general. Chapter five will stress the need to promote the indigenous languages of Mozambique, in particular, and Southern Africa in general. Chapter six will consider the context of language planning in Mozambique and Southern Africa. The Chapter then will explore some traits of a forward-looking language planning policy for multilingual contexts. The concluding Chapter, will highlight the implications of the entire study for multilingual situations, discuss the implications of the findings for the question of language planning and language teaching in Mozambique, and make recommendations that those in this field may find useful.

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19

Matson, Jill Lynn. "Perceptions of preparedness and practices: A survey of teachers of English language learners". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5145/.

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Mainstream teachers who obtained their English as a second language (ESL) certification by exam only are faced with increasing numbers of English language learners (ELLs) in their classrooms. Decreasing standards for teacher ESL certification and increasing accountability for ELLs has made teachers' role in effectively increasing the language and academic skills of ELLs an area of major concern. This study used a survey and focus group interviews to obtain information regarding ESL-certified fourth- and fifth-grade teachers' perceived preparedness, practices and resources needs related to meeting the academic and language needs of ELLs in general education classrooms. The results indicated that teachers reported differences in their perceived preparedness based on years teaching experience, years of ESL certification, professional development hours, and university ESL courses, but not on certification route. The results also showed that teachers reported differences in their sheltered instruction practices based on the percentage of ELLs, but not on grade, instructional design, or preparedness. The correlation analysis revealed there is a positive correlation between preparedness and sheltered practices. The study revealed that while teachers are using strategies that make content lessons accessible and comprehensible to ELLs, they are often not specifically addressing the academic language development of their students. It is recommended that districts provide teachers with professional development opportunities that specifically address second language acquisition and practical ways to develop academic language across the content areas.

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20

Johnston, Elise. "The Role of the Speech Language Pathologist in Concussion Management: A Survey Analysis". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23718.

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Primary objective. The goals of this project were to review the current literature regarding the role of the speech-language pathologist (SLP) in concussion management and to conduct a survey of SLPs with experience in concussion care to determine their current practices and perspectives. Design and methods. An online survey consisting of 41 questions was emailed to SLPs throughout the U.S. and Canada. Responses were anonymously collected from 60 SLPs, and the responses were analyzed. Results and conclusions. Results showed that SLPs who work in concussion care are generally knowledgeable and confident despite how recently concussion has become part of SLP practice. There has been improvement in the types of assessment tools used in concussion cases, but there is a need for more sensitive instruments. Findings point to the need for increased availability of concussion training for SLPs and the need for continued research into current clinical practices.

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21

Garcia, Jessica J. "Survey of Current Assessment Practices Utilized By Speech-Language Pathologists with Bilingual Children". OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2498.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the most frequent standardized and non-standardized assessments utilized by speech-language pathologists with bilingual children in public schools, and to determine the relationship between the size of caseload and the type of assessments utilized. This study also examined the level of proficiency interpreters must be to be considered to assist during evaluations. A Google Form was created and distributed to current Illinois speech-language pathologists in public schools that have obtained their Certificate of Clinical Competence, and work with students between the ages of 8-13. Results indicated the most frequent assessment listed by SLPs was the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals, Fourth Edition Spanish (CELF-4S). Participants indicated the importance of implementing informal assessments such as the Language Sample Analysis. Results did not present a significant correlation between caseload size and assessments selected by the clinician. However, SLPs indicated the challenges accessing interpreters during evaluations resulting in over-identification or under-identification of ELLs.

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22

Usacheva, Anna [Verfasser]. "Knowledge, Language and Intellection from Origen to Gregory Nazianzen : A Selective Survey / Anna Usacheva". Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1142096807/34.

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23

Savage, David Matthew. "How We Feel About How We Talk: A Language Attitude Survey of Utah English". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5578.

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Research has shown that Utah English is a distinct variety of English, particularly as spoken in the Wasatch front region (Lillie 1998). It is characterized by particular linguistic features, including tense/lax vowel mergers before tautosyllabic /l/ (Di Paolo and Farber 1990) and the oral release of glottal stops in certain environments (Eddington and Savage 2012). The features of this variety have been studied; however, not much research has been done about the positive or negative attitudes people hold toward it. Casual observation indicates that Utahans themselves may judge speakers of this variety more harshly than do people from other regions. The present study was conducted to determine if this is true, and to determine what other factors have an influence on a person's perception of Utah English. A language attitude study was performed using the matched-guise method. Participants were asked to react to recorded speakers, judging how intelligent and friendly they sounded. When multiple Utah English features were combined in a passage, the majority of participants judged the speaker to be unintelligent and unfriendly; also, participants' judgments of the speakers' intelligence deviated significantly based on the participants' location of origin, with significant interactions between location of origin and age group. When Utah English features were looked at separately, participants' judgments of both the speakers' intelligence and the speakers' friendliness deviated significantly based on which feature was being heard and the gender of the participant, with interactions between feature and gender, feature and age group, and feature and location of origin. Overall, Utahan participants judged speech with Utah English features to be worse than did participants from other locations.

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24

Rossetti, Elena <1984&gt. "Reading and writing fan fiction in English as a foreign language: a survey study". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4382.

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Starting from the researcher’s assumption that fan fictions can be useful in English language learning, either in a formal or in an informal learning environment, this study attempts to give an answer to the following question “Can writing and/or reading fan fiction in EFL help language learning and fosters a positive attitude towards the language itself?” To accomplish said purpose, two preliminary open-form questionnaires of 11 (writers’ questionnaire) and 7 (readers’ questionnaire) questions were devised and shared on the Internet. The response showed that learners older than 19, rather than people in middle or high school, seem to be the most willing to share their personal experience regarding fan fics. Consequently, another open-form questionnaire, made up of 39 questions, was devised and uploaded on the Internet. The analysis on the 35 questionnaires that have been compiled shows that most of the subjects share the researcher’s assumption and claim to have been motivated to improve their English language skills (through reading and writing) as well as actually learning a lot of English vocabulary and figures of speech (mainly through reading). This, I believe, can be the starting point for further research on how fan fiction helps English language learning through the study of specifically designed case studies.

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25

Stahl, Hillary Eileen. "Professional support for bilingual language acquisition in children with developmental disabilities : a survey of speech-language pathologists in British Columbia, Canada". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50856.

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In a multicultural country, bilingualism can benefit many children, and be a necessity for some. However, support for bilingualism is not always a priority for children with developmental disabilities. Recent research has at least partially contradicted the ‘common sense’ view that bilingualism is detrimental to or unrealistic for these children. This study surveyed 42 speech-language pathologists from British Columbia, Canada to determine the extent to which children with developmental disabilities are exposed to languages other than English in professional settings. Questions considered two language learning scenarios: English language learners (ELLs) and optional second language learners (e.g. French immersion students). The questions probed access to language programs in the education system, as well as the languages used for assessment and treatment. Results showed that the severity of diagnosis impacted inclusion in language programs, most notably for optional second language learners. However, severity did not appear to play a role in the language of assessment and treatment. The opinions of the SLPs also differed significantly from their practices, showing that they would like to see more access to bilingual services than is currently the case.
Medicine, Faculty of
Audiology and Speech Sciences, School of
Graduate

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26

Johnston, Graham Francis. "A survey of the perceptions of lecturers and English Second Language students regarding ESL students' language-related problems at Technikon Natal". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003673.

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The shortage of manpower in South Africa with technological skills is a widespread problem. Technikons are under extreme pressure to develop these skills in the student population. Admission statistics at Technikon Natal show a marked increase in ESL students enrolling in a wide variety of national diploma courses. The inadequate education received by the majority of ESL students in South Africa has not prepared them for the demands of tertiary education. As English is the medium of instruction at Technikon Natal, underdeveloped language skills tend to hinder the students' progress. Technikon Natal is currently considering an Educational Development Strategy designed to assist students. In order for a response to perceived language-related problems to be meaningful, a survey of such issues was considered a practical starting point to establish that these issues were in fact problematic. The survey was intended to probe certain perceptions held by students and staff regarding attitudes, which might have been preconceived. It also provided clarification that some of these perceptions are inaccurate, and in some cases, incorrect. In addition to this, it established that there is considerable support among students and staff for departmentally-integrated support programmes. In terms of Technikon Natal's present position on an ESL educational development continuum, the findings indicate that much benefit could be derived from the research carried out in other tertiary institutions with regard to academic support programmes. Areas in which there was a considerable disparity of views held were identified and commented upon. In conclusion, it was felt that attention should be focussed on the following: recognition of the need for an integrated ESL programme; departmental reinforcement of academic skills; decentralisation of the ASP programme. The survey concludes with a brief comment on current developments in response to ESL needs at Technikon Natal.

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27

Södergren, Susanne. "”Metcha suki ya nen” : A sociolinguistic attitude survey concerning the Kansai dialect". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Japanska, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-14408.

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西日本にある関西弁はたくさん色々な形で標準語と異なる。関西弁は１９７０年代の後に、全国で人気を得た。この社会言語学の研究の目的は現在の関西弁に対する感情を調査することである。これは関西弁の話し手ではなくて日本語の母語話者に配ったアンケートで調査された。質的また量的な分析である。結果は一般的に関西弁に好意的であったが、人気がある理由もいろいろあり、それらをさぐるために歴史的なそして文化的な見方を通して議論する。

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28

Ntantiso, Mzamo. "Exploring the statistical equivalence of the English and Xhosa versions of the Woodcock-Munõz Language Survey". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018620.

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This study explored statistical equivalence of the adapted Xhosa and English version of the Woodcock-Muñoz Language Survey (WMLS) by investigating group differences on each subscale, in terms of mean scores, index reliability, and item characteristics for two language groups. A Convenience quota sampling technique was used to select 188 Xhosa (n = 188) and 198 English (n = 198) learners from Grades 6 and 7 living in rural and urban Eastern Cape. The WMLS Xhosa and English versions were administered to learners in their first languages. Significant mean group differences were found, but differences were not found on the reliability indices, or mean item characteristics. This pointed in the direction of statistical equivalence. However, scrutiny of the item characteristics of the individual items per subscale indicated possible problems at an item level that need to be investigated further with differential functioning analyses. Thus, stringent DIF analyses were suggested for future research on DIF items before the versions of the WMLS can be considered as equivalent.

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29

Legge, Nils. "A Survey of The Linguistic Landscape of Stockholm University". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-126043.

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There is a great prevalence of English in Swedish society, education as well as the research community. Recently, Stockholm University has revised its language policy in order to promote parallel use of Swedish and English. With this background, the current thesis aims to survey the linguistic landscape of Stockholm University in order to find out if there are any patterns that can be observed within it. Some inspiration was drawn from previous research into linguistic landscapes. The main discussion points of the current thesis are the linguistic landscape of Stockholm University, the relation between top-down and bottom-up signs as well as the relation between language use and language policy in light of the data gathered. In order to analyse and discuss this, data was gathered on two separate occasions in the form of signs placed into different categories. The first set of data was gathered in February and March of 2013 and the second set of data was gathered in October of 2015. There are visible patterns in the data, especially when making comparisons over time. Generally, Swedish is the most prevalent language in the linguistic landscape of Stockholm University, the lowest instance being just over 70%, but this prevalence shows a small decrease along with an increase in English and mixed language items going from 2013 to 2015. Also, mixed and English items are more common in bottom-up signs than they are in top-down signs. These English and mixed signs also increase or decrease locally from 2013 to 2015. There was also a local anomaly in that there was one area with a majority of bottom-up signs when the other areas had a majority of top-down signs. Given that this survey was explorative in its nature, it is difficult to draw many firm conclusions based upon the discussion points. However, it appears that there is a difference between language practices and the language policy documents at Stockholm University. The communications policy appears more close to reality however. Swedish also appears to be the language associated with power at said university.

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Katz, Laura. "EXPLORING DEMOGRAPHIC CORRELATES OF LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AMONG ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/170310.

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School Psychology
Ph.D.
Contemporary research suggests that multiple criteria, including SES, ethnicity, first and second language proficiency levels, language dominance, immigrant and/or generational status, acculturation status, and educational placement history predict ELL student achievement levels (Abedi, 2008). However, the majority of states do not examine these factors and instead use a combination of the Home Language Survey (HLS) plus an English language proficiency test for screening and identification, though it is debated if these instruments adequately measure the type of language proficiency needed to be successful in mainstream classrooms (O'Malley & Pierce, 1994). Because of these findings, it seems that multiple criteria are important to examine when screening students for English Language Learner (ELL) placement. It is hypothesized that a more detailed classification system will better predict students' academic language abilities as part of a universal screening effort, and truly identify those at most need for specialized language support. The present study uses a correlational design to examine the relationship between a parent interview form, the Bilingual Parent Interview (BPI) and students' language proficiency scores in both their native and second languages, as well as their academic achievement. It was hypothesized that the multiple criteria assessed with the BPI would be more associated with language proficiency abilities and academic achievement than the HLS. English-Language Learners (ELLs; n= 42) in grades two through five were targeted for participation. Families were recruited from a public elementary school in a city in Southern California. Record reviews were conducted to collect parents' responses on the HLS and the BPI, as well as students' language proficiency scores on the California English Language Development Test (CELDT), the Language Assessment Scales Links Español, and the Preschool Language Assessment Scales 2000 Español 2000 (Pre-LAS 2000). In addition, students' academic achievement based upon the California STAR program was also collected. It was anticipated that items on the BPI would better correlate students' language abilities and academic achievement than those from the HLS. However, it was determined that the HLS better correlated with measures of English Language Proficiency and Spanish Language Proficiency, therefore providing initial support for the validity of this measure. Examination of the socio-cultural factors related to the language abilities and academic outcomes of at-risk ELL students expands upon efforts to identify students in need of remedial support as part of an early prevention model. In addition, the assessment of language proficiency and achievement data in both English and Spanish extends the effort to discriminate between endogenous learning disabilities and language delays resulting from second language acquisition amongst ELL children who struggle academically.
Temple University--Theses

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Egloff, Susan Margaret Muehl. "A Survey of Fifth Grade Writing Teachers on Their Instructional Writing Practices". ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1042.

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Writing is an essential skill that students need in order to become successful in school and beyond. Within a school district in the southwestern United States, student writing scores were not at proficient levels, and students were not prepared for graduation or employment. The purpose of this quasi-experimental research study was to compare the distribution of student writing achievement scores for 5th grade teachers who used 7 or more of the 11 components of effective writing instruction outlined by Graham and Perin to those teachers who implemented 6 or fewer of these components. In this study, a survey was given to 35 teachers from the lowest and highest performing schools in each performance zone or geographic cluster of schools across the school district, to discover how many of the components from Graham and Perin's model were used. The results of this project study were insignificant and indicated that the number and frequency of strategies were not related to student proficiency as measured by the state's writing proficiency exam. Results from this study will be shared with district leaders in a white paper report. The report includes recommendations to create a district-based writing framework with research-based instructional strategies. Although the results from this study were insignificant, the results have added to the body of knowledge in writing instruction. The white paper report can be used as a foundation for teachers, principals, and curriculum developers to improve writing instruction and achievement in this and other school districts.

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32

Padgett, Erin. "Tools for Assessing Relatedness in Understudied Language Varieties| A Survey of Mixtec Varieties in Western Oaxaca, Mexico". Thesis, The University of North Dakota, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10607121.

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This thesis presents findings of research conducted on the relatedness of seven Mixtec varieties spoken in indigenous language communities in western Oaxaca, Mexico. Mixtec varieties vary widely from one community to the next, and it is necessary to determine the relatedness of Mixtec varieties in order to best serve the language development needs of communities. Understanding the relatedness of these varieties is also an important step in measuring their intelligibility.

I used three research tools to gather data: a General Wordlist, a Tone Wordlist, and a Sociolinguistic Questionnaire. I present five analyses: percentage of phonologically similar forms, displaying phonological correspondences using isoglosses, two analyses of tone patterns, and reported intelligibility. Taken together, the first four analyses provide a clear picture of the linguistic relations of the Mixtec varieties studied. The analyses of tone and use of isoglosses are of particular note, as they present new strategies for analyzing unstudied tonal languages and language families. Findings on linguistic relatedness are then compared to the reported intelligibility of native speakers from the Questionnaire. With minor exceptions, the proposed relatedness matches up closely with intelligibility reported by survey participants.

I then clarify how preexisting linguistic designations for this region could be improved, based on my findings. The Ethnologue currently includes all seven of the language varieties surveyed under a single designation, but my findings show that it is necessary to list YUC in a separate designation from the other six communities. The Instituto Nacional de Lenguas Indígenas (INALI, National Institute of Indigenous Languages) needs to revise its current designations so that YUC is left under its current designation, the mixteco del oeste alto (High Western Mixtec), while all of the six varieties surveyed should be under the mixteco del oeste (Western Mixtec) designation.

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33

Leon, Michelle. "Investigation of Bilingualism Knowledge of Speech-Language Pathologists and Speech-Language Pathology Students". FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2177.

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The purpose of this thesis was to administer a survey to obtain information on practicing Speech-Language Pathologists’ (SLPs) knowledge of bilingual issues, while also considering whether any academic background on bilingualism guides SLP’s diagnostic and treatment options. This was done by comparing survey results of practicing SLPs with different academic backgrounds on bilingualism with current Master’s students registered at the Communication Sciences and Disorders Masters’ program at Florida International University (FIU). The survey consisted of 26 questions that examined participant’s history, and bilingual knowledge. Data was collected from 89 surveys. Data analyses showed that students and SLPs with a strong educational background on bilingualism had a tendency to prefer answers that correspond to recent research findings on bilingualism than students and SLPs with no or little educational background on bilingualism. These results suggest that academic background on bilingualism guides assessment interpretations and treatment options of bilingual clients.

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Valenzuela, Maria G. "Survey research on communication and language for English language learners and native English speakers enrolled in a college course on statistical literacy". To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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35

Frith, Matthew H. J. "Speech pathology assessment of language and cognitive-communication following traumatic brain injury and developmental language impairment: a survey of international clinical practices". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12788.

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Cognitive communication disorders subsequent to a traumatic brain injury (TBI) or a developmental language impairment (DLI) are two cognitively and linguistically different disorders. Speech Language Pathologists (SLPs) play a pivotal role in maximising the long-term educational, vocational, psychosocial, and social outcomes for the individual with such a disorder. Despite this acknowledgement, little is documented from an international perspective about the current assessment practices of SLPs in TBI or DLI. Assessment practices of SLPs in language and cognitive communication were compared across three clinical groups: adult TBI, paediatric TBI and DLI. Online survey methodology was utilised to investigate the SLPs’ use of communication assessments as well as their perceptions of the utility of communication assessments in clinical practice. Specific information was obtained from SLPs working in paediatric TBI and DLI about the use of one specific standardised developmental language assessment: the Clinical Evaluations of Language Fundamentals Fourth Edition (CELF 4). Results highlighted that SLPs working in adult TBI placed more focus on functional communication and tools for cognitive communication disorders whilst also using aphasia assessments incorporating word and sentence-level tasks. SLPs working in both paediatric TBI and DLI focused on receptive and expressive language. They also used the same tool e.g. the CELF 4, which specifically uses subtests measuring core, receptive and expressive language. There was little difference between SLPs working in either TBI or DLI populations in how the tests were used. Although discourse was not routinely assessed by any of the SLPs, when it was conducted, it was done informally via a conversation with the client and no data collection. The findings from the study highlight the need for standardised clinical guidelines in the assessment of language and cognitive communication disorders. Education about cognitive and linguistic difficulties specific to TBI is highlighted for SLPs with less clinical experience in this area. Additionally, assessment tools that target skills beyond traditional word and sentence-levels tasks are required in order to inform the SLP about the strengths and weaknesses of an individual’s communication skills.

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36

Domange, Raphaël. "Proficiency, language use and the debate over nativeness : A sociolinguistic survey of South Delhi English". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-64998.

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This study examines the extent of the impact of proficiency and language use on sociophonetic variation in Indian English (IE). It is based on an oral corpus using the methods and tools of the PAC project and derived from a pool of South Delhi-based highly proficient speakers. The investigation was conducted using quantitative and qualitative methods and focused on two understudied variables: (1) the fricative realisation of th, and (2) the realisations of the vowels in words of the NORTH and FORCE lexical sets. First, the results demonstrate that a significant amount of variation which cannot be accounted for by the traditional age, gender and social class factors can be explained by the language use parameter. A degree of correlation was found between the volume of use of English in a range of domains, and how speakers take advantage of the sociolinguistic potential of prestigious forms. This offers indications on the location of the leaders of the linguistic change. The second central feature of this study is derived from the investigation of the NORTH versus FORCE distinction. It is argued that the general maintenance of this distinction in IE provides evidence for the endo-normative nature of this variety. In the light of these findings, issues ultimately relating to the debate over nativeness are discussed.

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Davidson, Thompson Tamara. "A survey of practice of speech and language therapists who work with people who stutter". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/32634/.

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Wilkinson, Sara Lynn. "A Survey of Utah Spanish Teachers Regarding the Instruction of Heritage Language Students of Spanish". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2331.

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It is imperative that educators understand the current state of heritage language education because many locations have experienced large increases in their heritage language populations in recent years. This study reports on the findings of a statewide survey of secondary Spanish teachers in Utah regarding the instruction of Spanish heritage language students. Their perspectives give insight into Spanish Heritage Language (SHL) education in both traditional Spanish foreign language and heritage language classes. The information gathered describes the availability of specialized courses, the prevalence of SHL students in Spanish classes, and these students' backgrounds. It also describes the characteristics of Spanish teachers in terms of their beliefs and attitudes related to teaching SHL students and their preparation for doing so. Other issues considered include placement, materials, creating specialized classes, instructional approaches and accommodations, areas of emphasis, and teachers' perceptions of the effectiveness of both their traditional and specialized Spanish classes in meeting SHL students' needs. Results indicate that specialized classes are not yet widely available in Utah, many teachers lack training to work with SHL students, and SHL students come from a variety of backgrounds. In traditional Spanish classes, teachers use many approaches to accommodate SHL students, and their schools have a variety of experiences in attempting to create specialized classes. Teachers of specialized Spanish classes report that their schools vary in whether or not they offer classes that are differentiated by levels, and that their classes' principal objectives typically include literacy and grammar. These teachers also typically perceive that their Spanish classes are more effective in meeting SHL students' needs than do teachers of traditional Spanish classes. In addition, this study includes many recommendations to improve Spanish heritage language instruction.

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39

Akin, Faith W. y Mary D. Nelson. "Balance System Assessment Practice and Opinion: Survey of Audiologists". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2000. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2470.

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40

Besterman, Keith Richard. "STEM Educators' Preparedness for English Language Learners in the United States". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88032.

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In the United States STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education is increasingly being promoted as a key component of preparing students for the reality of an increasingly technology infused society and workforce. As the population of students classified as English Language Learners (ELLs) continues to grow across the United States the need for STEM educators to be prepared to effectively educate these students is of increasing concern. The task of preparing this group of learners to succeed in a STEM-infused society is a joint effort between specialized linguistic courses in the K-12 education system as well as the STEM educators outside of these specialized courses. As such, focus on creating policy and preparation models for STEM teachers to acquire the necessary skills to effectively serve the ELL population needs to be rooted in targeted analysis of the connections between STEM educators and ELLs. This dissertation is comprised of two exploratory research studies that examine STEM teachers' preparedness to educate ELLs using secondary analysis of the 2007-2008 and 2011-2012 School and Staffing Survey Teacher Questionnaire (SASS TQ) datasets. The first study focuses on national and regional analysis of how STEM teachers' degrees, state-level certification areas, and professional development participation reflect potential indicators of preparedness to educate ELLs. Concurrently, this study examines ELL participation in STEM courses nationally and regionally through the percentage of STEM teachers who had ELLs in their overall service loads of students as well as the average number of ELLs in those service loads. Quantitative analysis showed drastic differences between regions as well as differences in ELL participation and teacher credentialing between the STEM disciplines. The second study utilizes both the 2007-2008 and 2011-2012 SASS TQ datasets to make comparisons in STEM educators credentialing and ELL participation in STEM courses over the four year time span between the datasets. National analysis of ELL participation in STEM courses showed that in all of the STEM disciplines the percentage of teachers who had ELLs in their total service loads of students increased. The growth of ELL participation differed across disciplines and across regions, however, nationally by 2012 over half of all STEM educators reported having ELLs in their service loads of students. Despite the growing participation of ELLs in STEM courses, the rates of STEM teachers' participation in ELL specific professional development activities largely stagnated over the four year span. The findings of these studies provide valuable information to frame discussions of STEM teachers'preparedness to meet the needs of a growing population of ELLs.
PHD

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41

Arendse, Danille. "Evaluating the structural equivalence of the English and isiXhosa versions of the Woodcock Munoz language survey on matched sample groups". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3156.

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The diversity embodying South Africa has emphasized the importance and influence of language in education and thus the additive bilingual programme is being implemented in the Eastern Cape by the ABLE project in order to realize the South African Language in education policy (LEiP).In accordance with this, the Woodcock Munoz Language Survey (which specializes in measuring cognitive academic language proficiency) was chosen as one of the instruments to evaluate the language outcomes of the programme and was adapted into South African English and isiXhosa.The current study was a subset of the ABLE project, and was located within the bigger project dealing with the translation of the WMLS into isiXhosa and the successive research on the equivalence of the two language versions. This study evaluated the structural equivalence of the English and isiXhosa versions of the WMLS on matched sample groups (n= 150 in each language group). Thus secondary data analysis (SDA) was conducted by analyzing the data in SPSS as well as CEFA (Comprehensive Exploratory Factor Analysis). The original data set was purposively sampled according to set selection criteria and consists of English and isiXhosa first language learners. The study sought to confirm previous research by cross-validating the results of structural equivalence on two subscales, namely the Verbal Analogies (VA) and Letter-Word Identification (LWI) subscale. The research design reflects psychometric test theory and is therefore located in a bias and equivalence theoretical framework. The results of the exploratory factor analysis found that one can only accept structural equivalence in the first factor identified in the VA subscale, while structural equivalence was found in the factor for the LWI subscale.The use of scatter-plots to validate the results of the exploratory factor analysis indicated that one can tentatively accept these results. The study thus contributed to the literature on the translation of the WMLS, and the adaptation of language tests into the indigenous languages of South Africa,as well as additive bilingual programmes.
Magister Artium (Psychology) - MA(Psych)

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42

Norris, Daniel J. "Attitudes and Motivations Towards Learning Foreign Languages: A Survey of of U.S. University Students". OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/618.

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This study examined the beliefs and opinions of U.S university students towards learning foreign languages. Four major areas were explored, including attitudes and motivations towards learning foreign languages, perceptions of foreign languages in the U.S., and favorability of Arabic, Chinese, French, German, Korean, and Spanish. One additional area that investigated participants' opinions in support or against a foreign language requirement in the United States was also examined. The instrument included a survey of 22 items, consisting of 13 quantitative attitude/opinion questions, two qualitative open-ended questions, and seven questions for demographics. The data was analyzed through descriptive, inferential, and content analyses, including Cronbach's Alpha, independent and dependent samples t-tests and one-way ANOVAs. The results of the study showed that participants generally had positive attitudes and high motivations towards learning foreign languages. Their perceptions were slightly critical of Americans' perspectives of foreign languages but indicated the belief that the U.S. education system does provide reasonable opportunities to learn foreign languages. Participants showed high favorability towards learning Spanish, with French also slightly favorable. Participants did not demonstrate positive favorability towards learning Arabic, Chinese, German, or Korean. However, participants commonly referred to Chinese as being particularly useful for business opportunities and consistently indicated low interest or usefulness in Arabic. Few significant differences were observed between genders or foreign language education background. Overall, female participants had slightly more positive views about learning foreign languages, whereas the same was true for participants with higher-level foreign language ability.

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43

Araik, Fahad A. I. "The modernisation of Arabic vocabulary : a survey of linguistic and cultural aspects of lexical development". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15385.

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Since the nineteenth century, the modernisation of Arabic vocabulary has been subject of a great concern for Arab scholars who are loyal to the language while aware of the need to adapt it to the demands of the modern world. This thesis attempts to present a comprehensive view of the subject by examining linguistic and extra-linguistic aspects of the process of lexical development in Modern Standard Arabic. The thesis comprises six chapters: Chapter One: is a brief introduction to the emergence of the movement for cultural and linguistic revival in the Arab world, leaders of linguistic reform, and the Arabic language academies. Chapter Two: examines the phenomenon of Ishtiqāq (Derivation) in Arabic, and its role in providing the language with native means of generating new lexical items. Chapter Three: discusses the assimilation of foreign words. It investigates the concept of borrowing in both classical and modern theory, and presents a description and analysis of this process as adopted for Modern Standard Arabic. Chapter Four: deals with the methods of Tarkīb and Naẖt (Compounding and Blending), and assesses their significance in the growth of Arabic vocabulary. Chapter Five: gives a brief introduction to the question of terminology formation and reviews the terminological activities in the Arab world which, aim at the standardization of current terminological work and the creation of a unified Arabic vocabulary. Chapter Six: provides a brief summary of the conclusions and findings of this study.

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44

Moberg, Emilia. "Swedish Versus English : A Survey Study of Swedish Upper Secondary Students’ and Teachers’ Attitudes Toward L1 Use in the EFL Classroom". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Engelska, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-35878.

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Whether there is a place for L1 use in the EFL classroom or not is a debated topic. Lately, a slight shift from an English-only approach toward a more accepting attitude toward L1 use can be seen. Additionally, teaching should “as far as possible” be conducted in English, according to the National Agency of Education, Skolverket (2011, p. 53). Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate upper secondary students’ and teachers’ attitudes toward L1 use in the EFL classroom in a Swedish context. Moreover, this study will aim to examine any potential connections between attitudes and societal and motivational factors. Via online questionnaires distributed to schools in Gävleborg county, 373 students and 15 teachers participated in the study. The findings in this study confirm the findings from the majority of previous attitudinal studies; there is a general consensus of a positive attitude toward L1 use among the students and teachers, but English should still be the main language used. Instead, a judicious use of L1 as a tool to facilitate comprehension is suggested. Finally, some factors such as motivation and L1 appear to affect the students’ and teachers’ preferences regarding L1 use in the EFL classroom as well.

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45

Escobar, Allan K. "An Exploratory Survey of Code-Switching in the Coachella Valley, CA". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7397.

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This thesis surveyed a group of second generation Mexican-American Spanish-English bilingual speakers in the Coachella Valley, California to determine common motives for code-switching in speech. In previous studies, motives or triggers to code-switching have been identified and recorded in major urban cities such as Los Angeles and New York, and this thesis seeks to identify this phenomenon in the rural and agricultural cities of the Coachella Valley, with focus on Indio and Coachella, CA. Furthermore, another goal of this study was to analyze research on code-switching in a sample of older adults ages 45-75 as compared to much of the research that tends to focus on young adults or children. This study also took into consideration the code-switching patterns between males and females.This thesis analyzed 10 audio-recorded interviews of second generation Mexican-American Spanish-English bilingual speakers. The interviews were recorded in Indio, CA in 2015. The data collected were analyzed for naturally occurring code-switching pattern frequencies, code-switching differences found between genders, and code-switching differences found in age groupings.The results showed similar findings to those found in previous studies on code-switching patterns, the greater code-switching frequency in women, and the stronger disapproval of code-switching in adults.

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46

Plummer, Elizabeth. "A survey of preK-12, university and adult online language educators’ background, experiences, training and challenges". Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6249.

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This study focused on investigating the background, experiences, challenges and training of current online language teachers. An online survey was sent and completed by a total of 264 current online language teachers consisting of a total of 40 questions. Findings show online language teachers are highly experienced in face-to-face classrooms as reported by their years of experience and level of their advanced degrees but typically have less than five years of experience teaching online. They also teach in a variety of contexts including grade levels from early childhood education to adult education; in twenty different countries around the world; as well as twenty languages from commonly taught to less-commonly taught languages. The majority of respondents reported participation in some form of training for teaching online with just over half indicating they had participated in training focused on teaching language online. The area respondents reported having the most training in was technology with assistive technology and professional practice as areas where they report the least amount of training. The most common provider of training was an employer with formats that ranged from a one-time session to ongoing training. Data suggest the practice areas current online language teachers struggle with most in teaching language online are: technology, student autonomy and online language pedagogy. Preferences for professional development in meeting challenges were primarily dependent on if a respondent expressed having a challenge ‘to a great extent’ or ‘to some extent’ with respondents in the former generally preferring structured and the latter unstructured professional development. In suggesting recommendations for training individuals to teach language online, respondents reported that online pedagogy and online language pedagogy should be covered in formal teacher preparation programs in addition to the typically covered areas of technology and facilitation. Relationships across grade levels and languages taught are presented using chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests of significance, independent sample t-tests as well as binary linear regression are utilized in exploring the strength of the relationships among the variables in the present study. The study concludes with a discussion of the educational and theoretical implications and directions for future research.

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47

Sloan, Carol BonDurant. "Planning for Academic Success: Survey of University Professors' Assessments of Non-native Students' Language Skill Needs". PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4777.

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The purpose of this study is to examine which language skills university professors believe are most essential for academic success in Portland State University classes. The study can shed light on a question for future research: Do current academic ESL classes at Portland State University teach the necessary skills to help international students maximize their second-language learning potential in university-level courses. Enrollment statistics for 1993 I 94 show 53 percent of the 815 international students declared majors in two programs: the school of Business Administration and the school of Engineering and Applied Science. This study asked 31 instructors from business and engineering to assess which language skills--reading, writing, listening or speaking--were most important to success in their undergraduate and graduate classes; how they used the language skills; how international students performed in their classes compared with native speaking students; and to describe any critical incidents which appeared to have been caused by lack of comprehension of orally-presented materials. Interview questions were designed to establish a profile of each class and assess the relationship between the amount of culturally-embedded vocabulary and the degree of difficulty experienced by non-native speaking students. Three patterns emerged from the research. First, the ranking of language skills followed results of earlier national surveys showing the importance of reading and listening. All faculty ranked reading the "most important" language skill; reading and listening were ranked equally "most important" by engineering faculty; and writing varied by level and discipline; and speaking was ranked "least important" by all faculty. Second, all faculty ranked textbooks the preferred use of reading skills; note taking was the most-used listening skill; and class discussion was the mostused speaking skill. Writing activities varied by level and discipline, although reports and essay answers were the most frequently mentioned uses. Third, faculty said international students performed better in quantitative than qualitative classes. Within both disciplines, classes which manipulated numbers were less problematic than those which manipulated language with culturally-embedded context or vocabulary. Implications for ESL curriculum design suggest emphasis on skills considered most important by academic faculty.

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48

Docrat, Nasreen. "“Language Barriers in the Emergency Centre (EC): A survey of secondary public hospital EC doctors on the perceived presence and impact of language barriers"". Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32625.

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Background Communication is vital to patient-doctor interactions especially in emergency centres (EC). It is evident from international and South African studies that language barriers result in suboptimal clinical outcomes, increased use of already limited resources and poor patient satisfaction. In the Western Cape, initiatives such as community trained interpreters, telephonic services and multilingual language policies have been implemented to improve communication between doctors and patients. Objectives This study was done to ascertain to what extent language barriers are perceived to still exist by doctors in emergency centres in secondary public hospitals in Cape Town. Methods A quantitative on-line survey of full time doctors in the ECs of six urban secondary public hospitals in Cape Town was conducted in October 2019. Data was collected over a 5 week period and covered demographics, languages spoken, (self-reported) fluency of languages spoken, languages encountered, perceived occurrence of language barriers, perceived impact of language barriers and strategies currently implemented to overcome these barriers. Results Of the 119 doctors invited to complete the survey, 74 eligible responses were received. Language barriers still exist in secondary public hospitals in the Western Cape. The majority of doctors spoke Afrikaans and no isiXhosa speaking doctors took part in the survey. Half of the doctors surveyed stated they would not be able to take a history in isiXhosa without an interpreter. Most (97%) of doctors had not heard of community trained interpreters and only 23% had ever used the telephone interpretation service available. Perceived consequences of language barriers include: inability or longer duration to get a history, increased use of resources, and patients returning because they did not fully understand the treatment plan. Informal interpreters such as nursing staff and family members were used most often to overcome language barriers. No official interpreters were available to assist in person and doctors are either unaware of telephonic interpreting services or woefully under-using this service. Due to language barriers, doctors are left feeling frustrated with themselves or sad for the patients that they are meant to be helping due to language barriers. Conclusion Reintroduction of community based interpreters, teaching doctors more languages and investment into technologyaided translation services are possibilities that have been suggested by doctors and could be researched further to help improve the current situation.

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49

Hu, Yue. "Rebuilding the Tower of Babel: language policy and political trust in China". Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6144.

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My dissertation explores how authoritarian governments use language policy to impact public political trust. Based on a comprehensive examination through survey analyses, experiments, and large-scale text analyses, my research demonstrates that authoritarian governments, such as in China, can use language policy as a political tool to influence citizens’ political attitudes. In particular, language policy empowers the official language used by government representatives, such as street-level bureaucrats, reinforcing their political identities and enhancing citizens' trust in them. Using an original randomized experiment in China based on a new sociolinguistic technique, my research finds robust evidence that listeners hold significantly more trust in bureaucrats who speak the official language than in those who speak dialects, even if the respondent and government representative share the same dialect. Furthermore, my research shows that language not only influences citizens' political trust but also their understanding of political concepts. Using a computer-assisted text analysis of over one million articles from the official newspaper of the dominant party of China from 1946-2003, I indicate a refocusing strategy by which the official discourse about democracy manipulates the meaning of democracy in the Chinese political language without contradicting with the Western democratic values, while simultaneously preserving the authoritarian regime. Drawing on multiple waves of nationally representative surveys from China, my dissertation also identifies distinctive effects of improving listening, speaking, and relative proficiencies of Putonghua on Chinese citizens' political interest, efficacy, pursuit, and institutional-based political trust. This study contributes to political science, and even the entire social science by justifying the important role of language in human social and political lives and turning the research focus from language content to language context.

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González, Rosa I. "Survey research to assess secondary school teachers' disposition and readiness for teaching mathematics to English language learners". To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Survey Language"

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