Tesis sobre el tema "Surveillance de la variation de température"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 47 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Surveillance de la variation de température".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Ait, Mamoun Khadija. "Vehicle rοuting prοblem under uncertainty : case οf pharmaceutical supply chain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR08.
Texto completoThe enhancement of logistics distribution performance and the optimization of transportation have emerged as critical concerns in recent years. The pharmaceutical distribution sector faces significant challenges in route planning and transport network optimization, with uncertainties often leading to delays and losses. The multifaceted challenges encompass the imperative to elevate product quality, reduce costs, minimize total travel distance, and streamline transportation time for effective planning. Within this context, the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) stands out as one of the extensively analysed problems in the realms of transportation, distribution, and logistics. Achieving a delicate equilibrium between cost considerations and delivering high-quality pharmaceutical products is a primary objective in pharmaceutical distribution. This research delves into both the Static Vehicle Routing Problem (SVRP) and the Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem (DVRP). Real-world logistical planning frequently encounters uncertainties at the outset, including uncertain customer demand, delivery quantities, time constraints, and more. This thesis introduces the "temperature condition" as a fundamental constraint in pharmaceutical distribution, representing a source of uncertainty that directly impacts drug quality, thereby influencing logistics distribution and overall supply chain performance. Furthermore, the thesis incorporates uncertainty quantification for modelling uncertain travel times in both recurrent and non-recurrent congestion scenarios. The methodology employed for this purpose is the collocation method, initially validated through Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). By addressing these multifaceted challenges and uncertainties, this research seeks to contribute to the development of robust strategies in pharmaceutical distribution, ensuring the optimization of routes, reduction of costs, and maintenance of high-quality product standards. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for logistics managers and planners aiming to navigate the complexities of pharmaceutical distribution, fostering efficiency and resilience in the face of uncertainties
Letsios, Dimitrios. "Politiques de gestion d'énergie et de température dans les systèmes informatiques". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EVRY0016/document.
Texto completoNowadays, the enegy consumption and the heat dissipation of computing environments have emerged as crucial issues. Indeed, large data centers consume as muse electricity as a city while modern processors attain high temperatures degrading their performance and decreasing their reliability.. In this thesis, we study various energy and temperature aware scheduling problems and we focus on their complexity and approximability. A dominant technique for saving energy is by prosper scheduling of the jobs through the operating system combined with appropriate scaling of the processor's speed. This technique is referred to as speed scaling in the literature and its theoretical study was initiated by Yao, Demers and Shenker (FOCS'1995). In order to manage the thermal behavior of a computing device, we adaopt the approach of Chrobak, Dürr, Hurand and Robert (AAIM'2008). The main assumption is that some jobs are more CPU intensive than others and more heat is generated during their execution. Moreover, the cooling of a computing device occurs by introducing appropriate idle periods
Amdouni, Asma. "Surveillance statistique du coefficient de variation dans un contexte de petites séries". Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=dcf36868-32b2-41d6-916b-f9533ee12902.
Texto completoStatistical Process Control (SPC) is a method of quality control based on statistics and used to monitor production. Monitoring the coefficient of variation is an effective approach to SPC when the process mean µ and standard deviation σ are not constant but their ratio is constant. Until now, research has not investigated the monitoring of the coefficient of variation for short production runs. Viewed under this perspective, in this thesis, we will propose new methods to monitor the coefficient of variation for a finite horizon production, we will investigate the properties (in terms of the Truncated Run Length) of some control charts for the coefficient of variation in a Short Run context in the case of known parameters, such as the one-sided Shewhart Chart, the Run Rules Chart, the VSI and VSS Charts. The performance of each control chart has been evaluated by developing statistical measures of performance appropriate in a Short Run context and the optimal parameters were systematically computed. An empirical validation of the results has been developed for real industrial processes
Schweizer, Pascal. "Étude de capteurs à fibres multimodes de température, pression et niveau de liquide par variation d'intensité". Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4200.
Texto completoArie, Éric. "L'absorption infrarouge de CO₂ : anomalies d'intensités et variation en température des largeurs de raies". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112315.
Texto completoSotomayor, Castillo Cristina Fabiola. "Genomic variation of Salmonella Typhimurium and dynamics of epidemics". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17888.
Texto completoMikhael, Nour. "Investigation des changements de vitesse sismique pour une surveillance approfondie des propriétés mécaniques de la croûte dans les Apennins, Italie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALU014.
Texto completoItaly is one of the regions of Europe most affected at the socio-economic level by the impact of earthquakes which occur recurrently. Improving our understanding of earthquake physics in pursuit of advancing our limited earthquake forecasting capabilities is one of the main goals in seismology. Failure to predict earthquakes is contingent upon several factors, notably the complexity of the spatiotemporal evolution of the poro-elastic properties governing real seismogenic faults.Among available methods to monitor faults processes (geodesy, seismology, ...), continuous monitoring of seismic noise can provide temporal seismic velocity variations (dv/v) in the Earth’s crust associated with perturbations in the poroelastic properties of the crustal material. Here, we propose a continuous monitoring of dv/v surrounding sesimogenic faults in response to stress perturbations throughout Italy. The aim is to shed new light into the internal dynamic processes of the Earth’s crust and improve our chances of gaining a better understanding of the driving mechanisms of seismic events and transient tectonic deformation.To that end we use continuous ambient noise data recorded at 177 permanent seismic stations distributed all over Italy covering the duration of 14 years including three main seismic events that hit Italy, particularly the Apennines. Those events are the 2009 M w 6.1 L’Aquila earthquake, the 2016 - 2017 M w 6.0 Amatrice - M w 5.9 Visso - M w 6.5 Norcia (AVN) earthquake sequence and the 2013 - 2014 seismic swarm located in northern Apennines, in the Alto Tiberina fault system. As for the methodology we adopt the coda wave interferometry along with both the stretching and the cross wavelet transform in order to estimate dv/v time series after careful consideration of other techniques. This is applied in three frequency bands and 15 distinct coda window to compliment the 2D appraoch with a depth representation.We first notice annual strong oscillations manifesting in our dv/v at shallow layers. However, large earthquakes are not concealed by said fluctuations and are in fact detected at deeper layers. This suggests, that the mechanisms driving the dv/v are depth dependent. We find that thermally induced stress variations were largely influencing our dv/v in the shallow layers of the crust. We propose to dissect our dv/v into tectonically driven variations and environmentally driven variations in order to firstly help identify previously undetected small seismic events that could have been concealed by environmental variations and to secondly understand the crustal response to climatological forcings and its depth sensitivity.We consider first the case of the 2013-2014 seismic swarm located within the Alto Tiberina fault system in northern Apennines. Through the application of an optimization procedure based on temperature and precipitation synthetic modelling, we separate the non-tectonic from the tectonic components. Consequently, we unravel a significant velocity drop of 0.033% coinciding with the swarm occurring within the deep layers of the crust. Further investigation suggests that the swarm was trigerred by an aseismic slip which was enhanced by the presence of pressurized fluids at depth.Lastly, further to the south, we consider both the 2009 L’Aquila event and the AVN sequence. Employing nonlinear parametric curve fitting of dv/v, we derive tectonic parameters, including co-seismic velocity drop and post-seismic relaxation, as well as seasonal parameters. The assessment of co-seismic and recovery parameters corroborates enhanced fluid circulation in the southern Apennines and identifies southeast earthquake rupture directivity for both events. Our results indicate a viscoelastic response to tectonic stress and provid a new perspective into active faults processes
Dambreville, Anaëlle. "Croissance et développement du manguier (Mangifera indica L.) in natura : approche expérimentale et modélisation de l’influence d’un facteur exogène, la température, et de facteurs endogènes architecturaux". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20151.
Texto completoThe aim of this work is to study mango (Mangifera indica L.) growth and development in relation to an exogenous factor, temperature, and to endogenous factors, whether structural (topology) or temporal. The study is carried out at two scales: the organ (vegetative axis, its leaves, and reproductive axis) and the succession of axes (vegetative or reproductive). At the first scale, there was a common negative allometric relationship between the relative growth rate, positively related to temperature, and the duration of growth of the organ. This relationship is common between the three organs and the two studied cultivars. Otherwise, segmentation models reveal that the phenological stages classically studied are characterized by contrasted values of absolute growth rate. This approach shows asynchronisms between the axis and its leaves. At the second scale, the effect of endogenous factors on mango development is investigated for four cultivars. Our results reveal strong interplays between some structural (e.g. axis position, apical vs. lateral) or temporal (e.g. date of burst) factors, and qualitative (e.g. occurrence of flowering), quantitative (e.g. number of inflorescences) or temporal (e.g. date of flowering) developmental traits. These results highlight a “memory of the architectural effect” which spreads from one growing cycle to the followings. Our multiscale study enables to quantify the respective contributions of endogenous and exogenous factors to the phenotypic variations (including plasticity) of mango
Mengue, M'Owono Prince Warel. "Capteurs à ondes élastiques de déformation, température et champ magnétique directement intégrés sur pièces métalliques : applications en surveillance de santé des structures". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0085.
Texto completoStructural integrity research, also called structural health monitoring (SHM), enables the implementation of a damage detection strategy for aerospace, civil, and mechanical infrastructures. These systems typically consist of a network of smart sensors that enable the collection of data across the entire structure. In addition, the increasing use of connected objects (IoT) in the market is making these systems more and more attractive. Therefore, it is important to develop sensors that are responsive to the external environment, have innovative features, and enable continuous monitoring of the structure. Surface acoustic wave devices have a wide range of innovative properties. Their sensitivity to external disturbances allows continuous measurement of the various measurands (temperature, pressure, deformation, etc.). Moreover, these devices can be passive (without battery), remotely interrogatable (wireless) and self-protected (without packaging). The implementation of conventional SAW sensors is usually on piezoelectric materials, which involves the use of adhesive to attach the sensor to the part under test. The adhesive leads to the need to perform a certain number of complex techniques, in addition to a calibration of the structure to be fixed before any type of measurement. This first leads to measurement errors caused by the relaxation of the adhesive in inhospitable and variable environments. In a second step, a delay is caused in the measurement of the deformation stresses, which varies according to the thickness and environment of the measurements. In a third step, sensor lift-off is often very rare. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop sensors that combine SAW devices with the structural health monitoring system for the measurement of deformation, temperature and magnetic field integrated directly on industrial metal parts
Merbouh, M’hammed. "Contribution à la modélisation du comportement rhéologique des enrobés bitumineux : influence des conditions extrêmes de température et de trafic en fatigue". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14214/document.
Texto completoAbstract
Jalabert, Denis. "Etude de la variation de propriétés physiques de la quinoline liquide et de composés homologues en fonction de la température". Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10100.
Texto completoRombouts, Isabelle. "Variation géographique à grande échelle de la diversité des copépodes par rapport à la variabilité environnementale". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066607.
Texto completoYoshida, Yukihiro. "Effet élastocalorique dans le caoutchouc naturel et le terpolymère : Mécanismes responsables de la variation de température et bilan énergétique sous déformation". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI070.
Texto completoCaloric effects (CEs), which are the phenomena that temperature variation is caused by entropy change, have been investigated for the novel system which might be able to replace conventional vapor compression refrigeration system. In the present thesis, the elastocaloric effect (ElCE) of natural rubber (NR) and terpolymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)), was focused. First of all, NR, which is an excellent candidate material for ElCE, was evaluated in cyclic deformation with different strain levels. It was found that NR exhibits temperature variation of around 4.0 °C. In general, the relation between stress/strain versus temperature variation is used to evaluate ElCE. The unsuitability of such evaluation method for NR was demonstrated. The evaluation method for ElCE which uses energy balance was then proposed. A linear relation between the temperature variation caused by ElCE and the applied mechanical energy by deformation was experimentally found. This fact verifies the suitability of the proposed method. Using the energy balance, besides, not only the conversion efficiency but also the influences of the Mullins effect and the strain-induced crystallization on the ElCE of NR were discussed. ElCE of P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) was also evaluated in order to find out the potential of polymer. It was found that present terpolymer which is not one of the elastomers can also exhibit a large temperature variation, 2.1 °C, caused by ElCE if a large pre-stretch such as more than 1050 % is applied in advance. By comparison with other materials for ElCE, it was demonstrated that P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) can be a high potential material for ElCE. It was also shown that P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) converts most of the applied mechanical energy into the heat energy
Bréand, Sophie. "Étude biométrique de la réponse d'une population bactérienne à une variation défavorable de température ou de pH : applications en microbiologie prévisionnelle alimentaire". Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10089.
Texto completoMotta, Mariane Prado. "Contribution à l’étude de systèmes de surveillance de l'usinage basés sur des méthodes d‘apprentissage machine et des mesures de vibrations, efforts et température de coupe". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0296.
Texto completoMachining is an economically important manufacturing process that relies on the use of a sharpened cutting tool to mechanically cut and remove material from a part to achieve a desired geometry. Given the ever-increasing demands for quality, product variability and cost reduction, tool condition and workpiece quality monitoring systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are a potential solution are a potential solution for a more reliable and economical manufacturing processes. Recent developments in the field of AI, have shown great potential to transform the manufacturing domain with advanced tools dedicated to data analysis and modeling. In particular, supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms are a powerful tool for modeling complex relationships between input and output variables based on a dataset containing examples, i.e., input-output pairs. Nevertheless, one of the main drawbacks of these modeling techniques is that a large amount of data, usually obtained through experiments (often long and expensive to perform), is required to train accurate and reliable models. This fact limits the applicability of these types of models in an industrial context. Considering this context, this study aims to contribute to the identification of methodologies for the development of ML models dedicated to machining monitoring within industrial conditions, in which time and resources for the realization of experiments are often limited. For this purpose, it is considered in this study that, although experiments can be onerous, in the industry it is common that, before starting large scale machining productions with a new tool or material, setup experiments are performed to determine the most appropriate cutting parameters to perform that production. Given this need (or recommendation), it will be investigated in this thesis, the predictive performances that can be achieved if data, obtained from these tuning experiments, are used to generate predictive models for machining monitoring. More precisely, setting experiments from the standardized methodology Couple Tool-Material protocol (NF E 66-520) are considered. In an effort to obtain good predictive performance with a limited amount of experimental data, sensors for measuring cutting forces, temperature and vibrations are chosen as instrumentation for the monitoring system to be developed, given its close relationship with the kinematics of the machining process. In this matter, special attention is given to the feature engineering step. That is, the process of transforming the available raw data, for example, the signals recorded by the sensors, into features, i.e., information, that more accurately represent the problem underlying the predictive model. Finally, since in the industry the changes in cutting tool reference can occur quite often, it will also be investigated whether the models developed for a given target tool can be applied to other slightly different tools (variations on nose radius, substrate and coating) and whether, for the training of ML models, the use of larger databases, but containing observations related not only to the target tool but also to other tools slightly different from it, will be more advantageous, compared to the use of a smaller database specific to the target tool
Clement, Pierre. "Solutions aux limites des interrogateurs B-OTDR pour la surveillance d'infrastructures : augmentation de la portée de mesure et décorrélation des paramètres de température et de déformation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT042.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with distributed optical fiber sensors, especially Brillouin sensors called B-OTDR that are sensitive both to temperature and strain. Some actual limitations due to the scattering phenomenon avoid deployment of this technology for some specific applications. These limitations are about the maximum length measured by the sensor but also the double sensitivity to strain and temperature. From our current B-OTDR sensor, we propose solutions to address these issues.A new re-amplification module using EDFA has been developed and characterized associated to a B-OTDR system. A 150 km distributed temperature measurement with 1,5 °C repeatability has been reached. This record performance let us consider a deployment for very long infrastructure monitoring for the energy transport. In another hand, we developed a new sensing device using Brillouin scattering and able to separate temperature and strain. This patented device has been characterized and used on a specific cable inserted in a well drilling. Results have shown a combination of strain and temperature variations on the cable that give very useful information to the well operator. We have reached a temperature repeatability of 1 °C and a strain repeatability of 20 μm/m for 1 km fiber. At 10 km, temperature repeatability has been evaluated to be 3 °C and strain to 75 μm/m. These results are to the state of art for temperature/strain separation using B-OTDR.These works have led to a new distributed measurement prototype that could address simultaneously temperature, strain, acoustic vibrations, and pressure sensing. Some interesting perspectives could result from these works to address a complete infrastructure monitoring using fiber optic sensing
Dambreville, Anaelle. "Croissance et développement du manguier (Mangifera indica L.) in natura : approche expérimentale et modélisation de l'influence d'un facteur exogène, la température, et de facteurs endogènes architecturaux". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00860484.
Texto completoDurufle, Harold. "Production et traitement de données omiques hétérogènes en vue de l'étude de la plasticité de la paroi chez des écotypes de la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana provenant d'altitudes contrastées". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30219/document.
Texto completoGlobal warming is a current issue of great concern because of its potential effects on biodiversity and the agricultural sector. Better understanding the adaptation of plants to this recent phenomenon is therefore a major interest for science and society. The study of natural populations from an altitude gradient allows correlating a set of climatic conditions (temperature, humidity, radiation, etc...) with phenotypic traits. These different populations are considered as adapted to their climatic conditions in natura. By cultivating these plants under standardized laboratory conditions (light intensity, substrate, temperature, watering, etc.), the observed phenotypic variability, is essentially due to the genetic variability intrinsic to each genotype. The growth of these same plants by changing a single variable, for example temperature, makes possible to highlight a characteristic phenotype. This phenotype may be an acclimation response of a relevant genome. The WallOmics project aims at characterizing the adaptation of plants to altitude by studying natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana from the Pyrenees. The molecular actors of the adaptation of plants are still poorly described, but it appears that the plant cell wall could play an important role in this process. Indeed, it represents the skeleton of plants and gives them rigidity while representing a dynamic and sensitive external barrier to environmental changes. Its structure and composition can be modified at any time. It is also possible to say that the plant cell wall gives the general shape of the plant (size, shape, density, etc.), that is its observable phenotype. This project will focus mainly on the study of the plant cell wall. New technologies have enabled the emergence of the so-called "omics" data, large sets of data at multiple biological levels, such as ecological, phenotypic, metabolomic, proteomic, transcriptomic and genomic data. The study and the links between these data have favoured the development of integrative approaches aimed at establishing a response at several scales. It is precisely by this type of non- mechanistic approach that the WallOmics project has contributed to establish the molecular players of plant cell wall modifications in the global warming context
Dé, Emmanuelle. "Etude fonctionnelle de la protéine membranaire OprF de Pseudomonas fluorescens et son implication dans la variation de résistance aux antibiotiques en fonction de la température de croissance bactérienne". Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES006.
Texto completoLeclerc, Julien. "Utilisation innovatrice de l'aluminium dans les ponts : effets de la variation de la température sur le comportement structural d'un tablier à platelage d'aluminium sur poutres d'acier, à action composite". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30272.
Texto completoThis project concerns the use of a new aluminium bridge deck that is being developed at Université Laval. It is a 200 mm deep aluminium bridge deck, which represents an alternative to the reinforced concrete slabs in bridges. This project proposes to connect the aluminium bridge deck to steel girders using galvanized ASTM F3125/F3125M-15a grade A325 bolts of diameter M20 in a slip-critical connection. Full composite action between the deck and the girders is expected in order to develop the full capacity of the composite section. However, the coefficient of thermal expansion of aluminium, being twice that of steel, differential movements may occur during temperature changes. To understand the behavior of the bolted connection under such thermal loadings, this project uses finite element model with the Abaqus software. The combinations of dead, live and thermal loads at the ultimate limit state (ULS) and serviceability limit state (SLS) are studied. The loads are calculated according to the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CAN/CSA S6-14). Results confirm that full composite action between the aluminium deck and the steel girders can be achieved. Moreover, by following the recommendations of this study, it is possible to eliminate the sliding that may occur during the thermal loading of the beam at the serviceability limit state (SLS). This study also offers a solution to prevent the failure of the bolted connections following the combination of thermal and mechanical loads.
Silva, Latorre Zaira Melissa. "Variation des propriétés des bois de bouleau jaune et de hêtre à grandes feuilles en fonction de l'humidité d'équilibre à deux températures". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24331/24331.pdf.
Texto completoNasser-Barakat, Fatima. "Automatic modal variation tracking via a filter-free random decrement technique application to ambient vibration recordings on high-rise buildings". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT044/document.
Texto completoThis thesis proposes a novel approach to automatically monitor the variationsof the frequencies and the damping ratios of actual high-rise buildings subjected to realworldambient vibrations. The approach aims at dealing simultaneously with the followingchallenges: multi-component signals recorded over the aforementioned buildings and havingclosely-spaced frequency modes with low, exponential and damped amplitudes of theirimpulse responses and contaminated with high additive noises. The approach relies on theapplication of the Random Decrement Technique directly over the multi-component signalunder study which leads to the extraction of a Multi-mode Random Decrement Signatureequivalent to the system impulse response. To characterize such a signature, we propose asignal model based on the physical structure of the building from where the modal parameterscan be estimated. For the purpose of non-biased modal estimate, we propose to usean iterative method based on a Maximum-Likelihood Estimation optimized by a simulatedannealing technique. In order to initialize the parameters of the latter, a first step is designedwhich can be considered as an independent estimator of the modal parameters. Theoriginality of this step lies in its ability to automatically define the number of modes of theestimated signature through the use of the statistical properties of a Welch spectrum. Themodal parameters estimated by the spectral-based initialization step are finally refined bythe Maximum-Likelihood Estimation step. The latter reduces the bias in the estimation andyields more reliable and robust results. All these steps are defined in order to be able to automaticallymonitor the health of a building via a long-term real-time tracking of the modalvariations over time without the need to any user intervention . In addition, the proposedapproach has paid very special attention to the automatic estimation of the most problematicmodal parameter, i.e., the damping ratio. Such features making two of the original featuresas compared to existing techniques. The adaptability and functionality of AMBA is validatedover six actual buildings excited by real-world ambient vibrations. From the obtained results,AMBA proved high efficiency in automatically estimating the frequencies and moreover thedamping ratios in case of closely-spaced frequency modes and very low signal-to-noise ratiolevel. AMBA as well demonstrated a good performance for tracking the modal variationsover time
Okonkwo, Onyinye. "Enhancement of thermophilic dark fermentative hydrogen production and the use of molecular biology methods for bioprocess monitoring". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2041.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis was to enhance thermophilic dark fermentative hydrogen production by using microbial strategies (bioaugmentation and synthetic co-cultures) and by increasing the understanding on the microbial community dynamics especially during stress conditions such as fluctuating temperatures and elevated substrate concentrations. To study the effects of sudden short-term temperature fluctuations, batch cultures initially incubated at 55°C (control) were subjected to downward (from 55°C to 35°C or 45°C) or upward (from 55°C to 65°C or 75°C) temperature shifts for 48 hours after which they were incubated again at 55°C for two consecutive batch cycles. The results showed that sudden, temporal upward and downward temperature fluctuations had a direct impact on the hydrogen yield as well as the microbial community structure. Cultures exposed to downward temperature fluctuation recovered more rapidly enabling almost similar hydrogen yield (92-96%) as the control culture kept at 55 °C. On the contrary, upward temperature shifts from 55 to 65 or 75 °C had more significant negative effect on dark fermentative hydrogen production as the yield remained significantly lower (54-79%) for the exposed cultures compared to the control culture. To improve the stability of hydrogen production during temperature fluctuations and to speed up the recovery, mixed microbial consortium undergoing a period of either downward or upward temperature fluctuation was augmented with a synthetic mix culture containing well-known hydrogen producers. The addition of new species into the native consortium significantly improved hydrogen production both during and after the fluctuations. However, when the bioaugmentation was applied during the temperature fluctuation, hydrogen production was enhanced. This study also investigated the dynamics between pure cultures and co-cultures of highly specialized hydrogen producers, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus and Thermotoga neapolitana. The highest hydrogen yield (2.8 ± 0.1 mol H2 mol-1 glucose) was obtained with a synthetic co-culture which resulted in a 3.3 or 12% increase in hydrogen yield when compared to pure cultures of C. saccharolyticus or T. neapolitana, respectively. Furthermore, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) based method for monitoring the growth and contribution of T. neapolitana in synthetic co-cultures was developed. With this method, it was verified that T. neapolitana was an active member of the synthetic co-culture. The effect of different feed glucose concentrations (from 5.6 to 111.0 mmol L-1) on hydrogen production was investigated with and without augmenting the culture with T. neapolitana. Compared to the control (without T. neapolitana), bioaugmentated culture resulted in higher hydrogen yields in almost all the concentrations studied even though hydrogen yield decreased the feed glucose concentration was increased. The presence of T. neapolitana also had a significant impact on the metabolite distribution when compared to the control.In summary, this study showed that thermophilic dark fermentative hydrogen production can be enhanced by using synthetic co-cultures or bioaugmentation. The highest hydrogen yield in this study was obtained with the synthetic co-culture, although it should be considered that the incubation conditions differed from those used for the mixed cultures in this study. The use of molecular methods such as qPCR and high-throughput sequencing also helped to understand the role of certain species in the microbial consortia and improved the understanding of the microbial community dynamics during stress conditions
Zois, Georgios. "Algorithmic problems in power management of computing systems". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066462/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is focused on energy-efficient algorithms for job scheduling problems on speed-scalable processors, as well as on processors operating under a thermal and cooling mechanism, where, for a given budget of energy or a thermal threshold, the goal is to optimize a Quality of Service criterion. A part of our research concerns scheduling problems arising in large-data processing environments. In this context, we focus on the MapReduce paradigm and we consider problems of energy-efficient scheduling on multiple speed-scalable processors as well as classical scheduling on a set of unrelated processors.First, we propose complexity results, optimal and constant competitive algorithms for different energy-aware variants of the problem of minimizing the maximum lateness of a set of jobs on a single speed-scalable processor. Then, we consider energy-aware MapReduce scheduling as well as classical MapReduce scheduling (where energy is not our concern) on unrelated processors, where the goal is to minimize the total weighted completion time of a set of MapReduce jobs. We study special cases and generalizations of both problems and propose constant approximation algorithms. Finally, we study temperature-aware scheduling on a single processor that operates under a strict thermal threshold, where each job has its own heat contribution and the goal is to maximize the schedule's throughput. We consider the case of unit-length jobs with a common deadline and we study the approximability of the problem
Carlioz, Louis. "Générateur piézoélectrique à déclenchement thermo-magnétique". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0133.
Texto completoThis Ph. D. Thesis is focused on the energy supply of communicating electronic microsystems. The ultimate goal is to make them autonomous by harvesting energy coming from the ambiant environment. In particular, we explored a scavenging way based on temporal variations of temperature. Those variations are, by nature, slow (some degrees during several hours) which excludes nearly all "classical" solutions. To solve this problem, we developped a new approach, coupling magnetic and piezoelectric materials. This hybridization is able to overcome the temporal dependance and to generate peaks of energy of several tens of μW when crossing some thermal thresholds. To conclude this work, we turn our attention to the global simulation of this phenomena under Simulink
Carlioz, Louis. "Générateur piézoélectrique à déclenchement thermo-magnétique". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463113.
Texto completoZois, Georgios. "Algorithmic problems in power management of computing systems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066462.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis is focused on energy-efficient algorithms for job scheduling problems on speed-scalable processors, as well as on processors operating under a thermal and cooling mechanism, where, for a given budget of energy or a thermal threshold, the goal is to optimize a Quality of Service criterion. A part of our research concerns scheduling problems arising in large-data processing environments. In this context, we focus on the MapReduce paradigm and we consider problems of energy-efficient scheduling on multiple speed-scalable processors as well as classical scheduling on a set of unrelated processors.First, we propose complexity results, optimal and constant competitive algorithms for different energy-aware variants of the problem of minimizing the maximum lateness of a set of jobs on a single speed-scalable processor. Then, we consider energy-aware MapReduce scheduling as well as classical MapReduce scheduling (where energy is not our concern) on unrelated processors, where the goal is to minimize the total weighted completion time of a set of MapReduce jobs. We study special cases and generalizations of both problems and propose constant approximation algorithms. Finally, we study temperature-aware scheduling on a single processor that operates under a strict thermal threshold, where each job has its own heat contribution and the goal is to maximize the schedule's throughput. We consider the case of unit-length jobs with a common deadline and we study the approximability of the problem
Boixel, Anne-Lise. "Environmental heterogeneity, a driver of adaptation to temperature in foliar plant pathogen populations?" Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASA010.
Texto completoEnvironmental drivers, most notably temperature, affect the biology of phyllosphere microorganisms but also induce changes in their population dynamics, even in their evolutionary trajectories. The impact of climate on foliar plant disease epidemics is usually considered in forecasting models to inform management strategies. Such models focus on averages of environmental drivers but disregard both individual variation within populations and the scale and extent of biologically relevant environmental changes. These simplifications are glossing over substantial levels of individual variation that may have important consequences on the capacity of a population to adapt to environmental changes, and thus on the dynamics of epidemics in a fluctuating or changing climate. To examine the range of validity and consequences of these simplifying assumptions, I investigated how individual variation and environmental heterogeneity jointly affect fitness, phenotypic composition and resilience of populations of a foliar pathogen (Zymoseptoria tritici) inhabiting wheat canopies. Three complementary ways of exploration were adopted in this case study. First, an in vitro high-throughput phenotyping framework was developed, validated, and used to characterise the diversity in patterns of thermal responses existing across Z. tritici populations that were sampled over contrasted scales (spatial and seasonal variation of temperature). Second, the spatio-temporal thermal variations encountered in a wheat canopy, considered as a habitat exerting fluctuating selective pressures on these differential thermal sensitivities of individuals, were investigated in depth. Third, the way selection of “thermotypes” (functional groups of individuals displaying a similar thermal sensitivity) occurs and drives dynamics of Z. tritici populations was examined. To this end, both empirical (in vitro, in planta and in natura) and theoretical (in silico) competition experiments were conducted under increasingly complex selective environments. This research work demonstrates that glossing over the natural extent of individual phenotypic diversity in a phyllosphere microbial population and over the heterogeneity of selective pressures – from phyllo- to mesoclimate – leads to underestimate the resilience of this population, and thus its adaptive potential to environmental variations. In doing so, the results of this thesis, at the interface between epidemiology, micrometeorology, and ecology, improve our understanding of how important is individual variation to population dynamics and how environmental heterogeneity allows to maintain population diversity. Finally, this thesis provides insight into how large-scale patterns and local population processes are interlinked and display a “two-tier” adaptive dynamics
Gombert, Sandrine. "Utilisation de la bioindication lichénique dans l'estimation de la qualité de l'air de l'agglomération grenobloise : étude à différents niveaux d'organisation biologique". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10184.
Texto completoTrinh, Bich Ngoc. "Cycles de l'eau, de la chaleur et du sel en mer de Chine méridionale, de la variation saisonnière à la variabilité interannuelle : modélisation océanique à haute résolution et à bilan fermé". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30290.
Texto completoThe South China Sea (SCS) ocean dynamics play an important role at the local scale for the regional climate system, but also in global ocean circulation and climate. Surface waters of the global thermohaline circulation indeed transit from the Pacific to the Indian Oceans across the SCS through several interocean straits (the South China Sea Throughflow, SCSTF), and are significantly modified during this transit. Ocean dynamics moreover influences the SCS marine life through its role in the transport and mixing of the pelagic planktonic ecosystems' components. The general objective of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of the SCS ocean dynamics and of their interactions with the other compartments of the regional system, by focusing on the functioning and variability of the SCS water, heat and salt budgets with the perspective to study their impact on the pelagic planktonic ecosystems. For that, a high resolution (4 km) configuration of a regional physical-biogeochemical ocean model covering the SCS with rigorously closed budgets is developed and used to perform and analyze simulations over the recent period 2009 - 2018. We first show by comparison with available satellite data and in-situ observations the ability of our physical simulation to reproduce the surface water masses and circulation characteristics as well as thermohaline vertical distribution, at the climatological, seasonal and interannual scales. We then examine the climatological average and seasonal cycle of all components involved in the water volume, heat and salt budgets over the SCS: internal variations and lateral, atmospheric and river fluxes. Water and salt inputs to the SCS are mostly related to the lateral inflow of Pacific water through the Luzon strait. About 1/2 of those inputs is released through the Mindoro strait to the Sulu sea, 1/4 through the Taiwan strait to the East China Sea and 1/4 through the Karimata strait to the Java Sea. Heat gain mostly comes for the Luzon lateral input (~ 3/4) and from the atmosphere (~1/4), and is equivalently released through the Mindoro, Taiwan and Karimata straits. Over the studied period, the SCS stores respectively 0.3% and 2.5% of the total salt and heat inputs. The seasonal cycle of water and salt budgets is mainly driven by the net lateral water flux through interocean straits, whereas the seasonal cycle of heat budget is mainly governed by the atmospheric heat flux. On the interannual time scale, water, heat and salt fluxes at Luzon and Mindoro straits are highly correlated together and show the strongest variability of all straits' transports, and high correlations with ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) and PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation). The annual atmospheric water flux governs the interannual variability of SCS water budget: a variation of annual atmospheric freshwater input induces a mirror variation of lateral outflow so that the SCS volume hardly varies at the interannual scale. The SCS salt budget is regulated at the first order by the interannual variability of net lateral water flux, then by the salinity of the in/outflowing interocean waters. In particular, we show that the recent SCS saltening was mainly induced by the increase in the inflow of salty Pacific water which compensated a deficit of rainfall freshwater over the area. The heat budget interannual variability is driven first by the total lateral heat flux, itself driven by the variability of the temperature of the out/inflowing waters, then by the variability of the lateral water flux and surface heat flux. Water and salt budgets as well as the SCSTF are strongly affected by ENSO and PDO, whereas the heat budget is only affected by ENSO
Cherif, Sarra. "Variation de la qualité des dattes en fonction des conditions de conservation et des traitements post-récolte Effet de la température et de la durée de conservation sur la qualité des dattes ‘Deglet Nour’ Does hydratation of ‘Deglet Nour’ date palm fruits after harvest improve their organoleptic and nutritional characteristics? European Food Research and Technology". Thesis, Avignon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AVIG0726.
Texto completoThe production of dates is increasing every season, causing losses especially during post-harvest handling andmarketing. Post-harvest handling plays an important role in maintaining date palm. In order to preserve organolepticand nutritional quality of date palm fruits after harvest with improving their commercial value, storage experiments andpost-harvest treatments have been assayed.The effect of different storage conditions of temperature, time and modified atmosphere, as well as the effectof heat treatment of dates, on firmness, colour, sugars, organic acids, polyphenols and cell walls and compositions havebeen studied.‘Deglet Nour’ date palm fruits of two harvest seasons (2017 and 2018) as well as common date cultivars‘Arichti’, ‘Bouhattam’ and ‘Bser Hlou’ consumed at early maturity stage (Khalal stage), were stored at -18, 0, 2 and 4°C for 3, 6 and 9 months and at 2 °C for 30 and 60 days, respectively. Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (MIR) as a nontargetedmethod allowed to highlight a year effect on 'Deglet Nour’ chemical composition and to discriminate samplesstored at 4 and 2 °C regarding to major components (moisture, sugar, organic acids...). Cell wall yields (assimilated tofiber) as well as procyanidins, accounting for 98% of total polyphenols, were stable during ‘Deglet Nour’ and ‘Arichti’cultivars storage regardless of temperature and time conditions. However, these same components were the mostaffected by storage conditions for ‘Bouhattam’ and ‘Bser Hlou’ cultivar. This latter, was the softest cultivar and themost appreciated by consumers, may be because of reducing sugars increase affecting its sweet taste. Thus, stored fruitsat -18 °C could be the solution for a long-term storage but due to its high energetic costs, 2 °C must be the optimaltemperature. Moreover, in order to valorize common dates palm and prolong their shelf life, storage time could beprolonged for ‘Arichti’ cultivar with temperature storage ptimization for ‘Bser Hlou’ and ‘Bouhattam’ cultivars.Date palm fruits mentioned above, were also stored under Modified Atmosphere packaging (MAP) at 2°Cduring 3, 6 and 9 months for ‘Deglet Nour’ and during 30 and 60 days for commons cultivars (‘Arichti’, ‘Bouhattam’and ‘Bser Hlou’). In general, differences were observed on physical and chemical parameters using different MAPstreatments for ‘Deglet Nour’date palm fruits. Dates became darke with MAPT and MAPA storage. Dates palm storedunder this latter MAP bag showed an increase on procyanidins, some cell walls compositions, fructose and citric acid.Firmness loss of this cultivar was delayed with MAPZ storage with polyphenols stability. This latter bag type conservedfirmness and colour of the three studied cultivars (‘Arichti’, ‘Bouhattam’ and ‘Bser Hlou’) were stabe with no differencecomparing to control (without MAP). Organic acids, cell walls yield and composition, polyphenols were also stableduring storage. Only sugars contents of every cultivars had different behaviour.These results showed that MAP bags had very lower benefical effects than storage time and temperature on ‘date palmquality. So, their use in date processing industries could have more costs with no apparent effects.The organoleptic and nutritional quality of ‘Deglet Nour’ date palm was also evaluated before and afterhydration treatment commonly used in date prcessing units (DPU), in order to become more commercially valued andto minimize waste generated along the date palm fruit supply chain. Hydration treatment under saturated steam at 60-62°C for 4 hours impoved date fruits texture as expected while nutritional parameters were quite stable. Mid InfraredSpectroscopy (MIR) allowed to discriminate samples from the three DPUs suggesting to be adopted in DPU as a newpredictive and no destructive technique. So, hydration treatment could be highly recommended to valorize fruit byproducts.However, it needs to be optimized for the very hard-type dates
انتاج التمور في ارتفاع مستمر من موسم الى اخر مما يجعل مراكزالفرز و التخزين تتخلص من كميات هائلة من التمور المتضررة أثناءعمليات الفرز والتسويق. هذه العمليات تلعب دورا هاما في الحفاظ على جودة التمور. ومن أجل الحفاظ على الجودة الغذائية للتمور بعد الجنيمع تحسين قيمتها التسويقية، تم القيلم بتجارب التخزين وبعض معالجات ما بعد الجني.وقد تم دراسة تأثير ظروف التخزين المختلفة من درجة الحرارة، مدة الخزن وتقنية الجو الهوائي المعدل، وكذلك تأثير معالجة التمور الجافةعلى الصلابة، اللون، السكريات، الأحماض العضوية، البوليفينول وجدران الخلايا النباتية (الالياف) ومكوناتها.تم تخزين تمور ’ دقلة النور’ لصابة 2017 و 2018 والأصناف الأخرى من التمور الأقل انتشارا مثل ’ الارشتي’، ’ بو حتم’، ’ بسر حلو’18 درجة مائوية وفي 2 درجة مائوية لمدة - ,0 ,2 , التي تستهلك في مرحلة متقدمة من النضج (خلال)، لمدة ثلاثة، ستة وتسعة أشهر في 430 و 60 على التوالي. اثبت التحليل الطيفي بالأشعة تحت الحمراء الوسطى ان سنة الجني لها تاثير على العناصر الكيميلئية للتمور’ دقلةالنور’ وقامت بتمييز التمور المخزنة في 2 و 4 درجة مائوية بالنسبة لاهم مكوناتها (الماء، السكريات، الأحماض العضوية...). اثبت النتائجان جدران الخلايا النباتية (الالياف) وان أكبر مكونات البوليفينول (بروسيانيدين) كانت مستقرة اثناء تخزين تمور’ دقلة النور’ و ’ الارشتي’،بغض النظر عن درجة حرارة ومدة التخزين. نفس هذه العناصر كانت الأكثر تاثرا بعوامل التخزين بالنسبة لاصناف’ بو حتم’ و ’ بسرحلو’. هذا الصنف الأخير كان الأكثر ليونة مع تغير بنية جدران الخلايا على الرغم من انه أكثر صنف قابلية لدى المستهلك، من الممكنبسبب ارتفاع كمية السكريلت السريعة التي اثرت على مذاقه الحلو.فبحيث ان تخزين التمور ’ دقلة النور’ في - 18 درجة مائوية من الممكن ان يكون أحسن حل على مدى طويل، لكن نظرا لتكاليفة الطاقيةالباهضة، تخزين التمور في 2 درجة مائوية يجب ان يكون أفضل حل. بصفة عامة لم يكن هناك خسائر هامة للقيمة الغذائية بالنسبة لاصنافالتمور الاخرى اثناء التخزين، مما يجعل التمديد في مدة التخزين ممكنا بالنسبة اصنف’ الارشتي’ مع البحث عن درجة حرارة تخزين ناجعةالصنف ’ بسر حلو’ و’ بو حتم’.تم ايضا تخزين انواع التمور المذكورة اعلاه بتقنية الجو الهوائي المعدل في 2 درجة مائوية لمدة ثلاثة، ستة وتسعة أشهربالنسبة ’ لدقلةالنور’ ولمدة 30 و 60 يوم بالنسبة للاصناف الأخرى. بصفة عامة هناك اختلافات في العناصر الفيزيلئية والكيميلئية ’ لدقلة النور' المخزنةفي كل أنواع تقنيات الجو الهوائي. ' دقلة النور' المخزنة في أكياس ترندلايف و ايباك. أصبحت داكنة الون.دقلة النور المخزنة في أكياس ' سجلت ارتفاعا في مكونات جدران الخلايل, بروسيانيدين, الفروكتوز و حامض السيتريك. تخزين' دقلة النور'في أكياس زويباك اخرت في ليونتها مع استقرار في البوليفينول. هذه النتائج اثبتت ان تخزين التمور في اكياس الجو الهوائي المعدل لم تكنذو نجاعة عالية مقارنة بعوامل الحرارة والمدة الزمنية.لون وصلابة التمور من اصناف ’ الارشتي’، ’ بو حتم’، ’ بسر حلو’ اثبتت استقرارها بعد تخزينها في أكياس زويباك, لكن بعدم ايجاد فرقمقارنة بالتمور المخزنة بدون اكياس الجو الهوائي المعدل, مثلها مثل بقية العناصر الفيزيلئية والكيميلئي بصفة عامة. هذا يثبت ان استعمالهافي مصانع تخزين التمور ليس له جدوى اقتصادية واضحة.تم دراسة مدى تاثر القيمة الغذائية لتمور ’ دقلة النور’ الجافة على إثر معالجتها وترطيبها بالطريقة الهعتدة في اغلب مصانع تخزين التمور62 درجة مائوية لمدة 4 ساعات - لتكون ذات قيمة تسويقية عالية ولتقليص كمية الخسائر. تقنية ترطيب التمور على طريقة البخار في 60اثبتت نتائج ناجعة كما كان متوقع مع المحافضة على استقرار المكونات الغذائية. طريقة معالجة التمور بترطيبها هي طريقة متصوح بهالكنها غير ناجة للتمور الأكثر جفافا التي تحتاج تطوير في هذه التقنية
Mary, Nathalie. "Caractérisations physico-chimique et biologique des cours d'eau de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Proposition d'un indice biotique fondé sur l'étude des macroinvertébrés benthiques". Pacifique, 1999. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/These1999NathalieMary.pdf.
Texto completoMahé, Kélig. "Sources de variation de la forme des otolithes : Implications pour la discrimination des stocks de poissons Identifying blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) stock structure in the Northeast Atlantic by otolith shape analysis. Otolith shape as a valuable tool to evaluate the stock structure of swordfish Xiphias gladius in the Indian Ocean Directional bilateral asymmetry in otolith morphology may affect fish stock discrimination based on otolith shape analysis Do environmental conditions (temperature and food composition) affect otolith shape during fish early-juvenile phase? An experimental approach applied to European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)". Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0539.
Texto completoThe assessment and management of fish populations is based on the use of management units called fish stocks. The shape of otoliths, calcified structures of the fish's inner ear, can be used to discriminate these stocks. First, this thesis focuses on the study of the spatio-temporal variability of the otolith’s shape for three fish species with different ecological characteristics (size, swimming speed, behaviour in the water column, etc.) and biogeographical environments. The results showed that there is a decreasing structural gradient across stock sizes from large pelagic species to more localised demersal species. This is linked to the fact that some demersal species such as the bogue (Boops boops) are constrained by the presence of geographical barriers and hydrological fronts, which is not the case for the analysed pelagic species (blue whiting, Micromesistius poutassou; swordfish, Xiphias gladius). Secondly, we tested the effects of potential confounding factors (e. g. bilateral directional asymmetry, DA) on the discriminating power of an otolith’s shape. We have shown that there is a DA for bogue, induced by the lateralisation process, which varies in amplitude and direction according to the geographical area. In the bogue, this DA impacts stock identification by otolith shape, which changes according to which otolith is used (i.e. right or left). Otolith shape is useful to discriminate among fish stocks because it reflects the specific environmental conditions that fish have experienced during their lifetime. Finally, in the third part of the thesis, we analyzed, under controlled conditions, the effects of temperature and the diet content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on otolith morphogenesis for seabass (Dicentrachus labrax). After emergence, two phases can be distinguished in the ontogenesis of otolith shape with an initial elongation that reflects slower growth of the dorso-ventral axis compared to the antero-posterior axis. This leads to more localized modifications, in particular, in a more complex area between the rostrum and the anti-rostrum, which is clearly linked to the thermal regime. Conversely, the percentage of n-3 PUFAs does not appear to influence otolith morphogenesis. The use of growing degree days (GDD) has shown that the effect of temperature is to accelerate morphogenesis, but also to change its trajectory: at a fixed GDD value, for two given temperatures, the shapes differ. All the results obtained in this thesis validate the use of the otolith shape to discriminate fish stocks, but also emphasize the need to know the precise sources of morphological variability of intra-stock otoliths in order to determine more precisely the limits of fish stocks
Maraval, Damien. "Mesure dynamique de déformation par rétrodiffusion Brillouin spontanée B-OTDR". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0023/document.
Texto completoToday, three distinct and complementary technologies are available for distributed temperature, strain or vibration measurements with the analysis of Raman, Brillouin and Rayleigh backscattered light. Current industrial needs are distributed strain measurements for linear infrastructures, such as pipelines, for which linear and real-time strain distribution is required. The research work aims to design a new distributed and dynamic strain measurement system based on the analysis of spontaneous Brillouin backscatter by reflectometry. Slope assisted technique is used to accelerate the measurement acquisition, currently limited to static events because of their actual principle of sweep frequency acquisition of the Brillouin backscattering spectrum. The experimental results are characterized and validated by the simulation of the measurements of the deformation and displacement of a pipe supported between two simple supports. A mechanical model, adapted to this configuration and transposable on real projects, is developed. Through Cementys industrial partner, this model is then used for two monitoring project of pipelines with different installation facilities and purpose
Maraval, Damien. "Mesure dynamique de déformation par rétrodiffusion Brillouin spontanée B-OTDR". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0023.
Texto completoToday, three distinct and complementary technologies are available for distributed temperature, strain or vibration measurements with the analysis of Raman, Brillouin and Rayleigh backscattered light. Current industrial needs are distributed strain measurements for linear infrastructures, such as pipelines, for which linear and real-time strain distribution is required. The research work aims to design a new distributed and dynamic strain measurement system based on the analysis of spontaneous Brillouin backscatter by reflectometry. Slope assisted technique is used to accelerate the measurement acquisition, currently limited to static events because of their actual principle of sweep frequency acquisition of the Brillouin backscattering spectrum. The experimental results are characterized and validated by the simulation of the measurements of the deformation and displacement of a pipe supported between two simple supports. A mechanical model, adapted to this configuration and transposable on real projects, is developed. Through Cementys industrial partner, this model is then used for two monitoring project of pipelines with different installation facilities and purpose
Unterreiner, Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude et à la modélisation numérique des sols cloués : application au calcul en déformation des ouvrages de soutènement". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529508.
Texto completoUnterreiner, Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude et à la modélisation numérique des sols cloués : Application au calcul en déformation des ouvrages de soutènement". Phd thesis, Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENPC9428.
Texto completoCheng, Ming-Chu y 鄭明珠. "Characterization, Variation and Wild Bird Surveillance of Avian Influenza Viruses in Taiwan". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08881887543605215108.
Texto completo國立臺灣大學
獸醫學研究所
99
This study is divided into three parts; the first is monitoring of AIV in migratory birds. The study has been performed in Taiwan since 1998. From 1998 to 2007, 29,287 samples were collected from wild ducks, shorebirds, and other wild birds in the four wetlands around Taiwan and two outside islets, Penghu and Kinmen. Virus isolation was performed for all collected samples by inoculating chicken embryos, and the AIV in the allantoic fluid was identified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and hemagglutination. The pathogenicity of isolated AIV H5 and H7 subtypes was determined by intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) test in specific-pathogen-free chickens and hemagglutinin (HA) cleaveage sequencing. The AIV prevalence from those samples was 0.81% (237/29,287). The peak prevalence reached 1.06% (186/17,493) from September to December, in which migrating ducks came from the north; the prevalence during January-April was 0.51; however, no virus was isolated during May-August. The partial HA genes of 28 H4 AIVs were sequenced and analyzed. The phlylogenetic tree showed that a correlation existed between isolation years and evolutional distances. All of the H5 or H7 AIVs isolated were determined to be low pathogenic AIVs by IVPI test and the HA cleavage sequences.The second part is isolation and characterization of H5N2 influenza virus from a chicken in Taiwan in 2008. During the surveillance of avian influenza, an H5N2 influenza A virus was isolated from a cloacal swab sample of apparently healthy chicken in Taiwan in October 2008. It was found that the heamagglutinin (HA) of the virus had a pair of dibasic amino acid residues at the cleavage site, which is a marker of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Intravenous pathogenicity index of the isolate was 0.89, indicating that the virus was on the way of acquisition of high pathogenicity in chicken. Virus isolation was negative in 2,916 birds of 146 farms in the circle of 3-km radius around the farm where the virus was isolated. Genetic analysis of the eight segments of the isolate indicate that the isolated virus was a reassortant whose HA and neuraminidase gene segments belonged to the American lineage and the others to Eurasian lineage.The third part is in order to understand the virulence tendency of H5N2 low pathogenic avian influenza virus, the virus strain of v1209 isolated in Taiwan 2003 was used for this study. After serial passages in fourteen-day-old chicken embryonic eggs, the pathogenicity of different passages were compared with the original strain before passage. The plaque formed at the 10th passage but not at 5th passage. The intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) in the 10th passage was 1.64, higher than that of the 5th passage of 0.71. The intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) of the 40th passage was 1.45, while the original strain was 0.0. All the tests indicated that the pathogenicity of v1209 strain was higher in high passage than in low passage after serial passages in 14-day-old chicken embryo. However, it is noteworthy that, the number of basic amino acid in haemagglutinin cleavage site in this test was not correlated to pathogenic change. The amino acid sequence of cleavage site was changed from -REKR- in original to -RRKKR-at the 20th passage and the 30th passage, and then changed back to -REKR- at the 40th and the 50th passages. It indicates that the number of basic amino acid in haemagglutinin cleavage site is not related completely with pathogenicity.
Hamel, Myriam. "Influence de la variation de la température ambiante sur les vibrations induites par effet de couronne". Thèse, 1991. http://constellation.uqac.ca/1497/1/1467729.pdf.
Texto completoChen, Jun-liang y 陳俊良. "Vehicle Segmentation and Counting Based on Headlight Information and Color Variation for Nighttime Traffic Surveillance". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59605331821353504110.
Texto completo國立成功大學
電腦與通信工程研究所
95
Video object segmentation is the key technology (e.q. index-retrieval, compression and representation) for content-based video processing. It is usually used to do the pre-processing for content-based video system in order to separate the input video frame into several video objects. Because of the varied environment conditions of real world, most segmentation algorithms focus on the simple circumstance of indoor environment or outdoor environment in daytime. However, these methods do not provide acceptable results in nighttime environment. Normally in nighttime, vehicles moving on the road have turned-on headlights for clear vision. The illumination produced by headlights on the ground deeply reduces the accuracy of segmentation. Moreover, shadow effect is also a problem in segmentation. In this thesis, we propose a vehicle segmentation and counting algorithm by combining the property of color variation and headlight information and change detection for nighttime traffic environment (one-way road with coming direction). The goal is to reduce the effect of ground-illumination that decreases the accuracy of vehicle segmentation. Besides, the amount of traffic flow is calculated and it can be used in other post-application, like traffic flow reporting back or controlling. The change detection is employed to generate the initial object mask which includes ground-illumination and shadow region, afterwards we utilize the property of color variation to detect the ground-illumination pixels and remove them from the initial object mask. Next, the intensity information and a vehicle headlight classification method are used to obtain the headlight information for object region compensation, shadow region prediction and vehicle counting. Finally, we utilize the method similar to ground-illumination detection to detect the shadow pixels and remove them. In the end, subjective and objective evaluations are showed. The experiments for segmentation in this thesis are based on the Dong-men bridge 03、Dong-men bridge 06 and Chang-rong bridge 02 sequence. The average accuracy of initial object segmentation is 33.44%、30.78% and 18.16%, respectively. The average accuracy of final object segmentation is 46.06%、56.39% and 47.99%. The average value of improvement ratio is 47.22%、63.36% and 72.87%. For vehicle counting, we use Dong-men bridge 01, Dong-men bridge 04 and Dong-men bridge 08 sequence. The accuracy of vehicle counting is above 80% in normal situation. Although there are other influence factors decreasing the accuracy so that the value is not very high, but the improvement ratio shows that the error detection region has been reduced substantially.
Chen, Zijing. "Visual object tracking". Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/133172.
Texto completoVisual object tracking is a critical task in many computer-vision-related applications, such as surveillance and robotics. If the tracking target is provided in the first frame of a video, the tracker will predict the location and the shape of the target in the following frames. Despite the significant research effort that has been dedicated to this area for several years, this field remains challenging due to a number of issues, such as occlusion, shape variation and drifting, all of which adversely affect the performance of a tracking algorithm. This research focuses on incorporating the spatial and temporal context to tackle the challenging issues related to developing robust trackers. The spatial context is what surrounds a given object and the temporal context is what has been observed in the recent past at the same location. In particular, by considering the relationship between the target and its surroundings, the spatial context information helps the tracker to better distinguish the target from the background, especially when it suffers from scale change, shape variation, occlusion, and background clutter. Meanwhile, the temporal contextual cues are beneficial for building a stable appearance representation for the target, which enables the tracker to be robust against occlusion and drifting. In this regard, we attempt to develop effective methods that take advantage of the spatial and temporal context to improve the tracking algorithms. Our proposed methods can benefit three kinds of mainstream tracking frameworks, namely the template-based generative tracking framework, the pixel-wise tracking framework and the tracking-by-detection framework. For the template-based generative tracking framework, a novel template based tracker is proposed that enhances the existing appearance model of the target by introducing mask templates. In particular, mask templates store the temporal context represented by the frame difference in various time scales, and other templates encode the spatial context. Then, using pixel-wise analytic tools which provide richer details, which naturally accommodates tracking tasks, a finer and more accurate tracker is proposed. It makes use of two convolutional neural networks to capture both the spatial and temporal context. Lastly, for a visual tracker with a tracking-by-detection strategy, we propose an effective and efficient module that can improve the quality of the candidate windows sampled to identify the target. By utilizing the context around the object, our proposed module is able to refine the location and dimension of each candidate window, thus helping the tracker better focus on the target object.
Cheng, Chen-Chien y 鄭宸謙. "Use of Time-Variation Ultrasonic Signal and Multiple Sensors to Enhance the Sensing Reliability of an Embedded Surveillance System". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67166448371645762840.
Texto completo輔仁大學
電機工程學系碩士班
102
In this thesis we design and implement an embedded surveillance system by use of a time-variation ultrasonic coding signal with multiple pyroelectric infrared sensors (PIR) to detect an intruder in a home or a storehouse. The ultrasonic sensor module consists of a transmitter and a receiver which are placed in a line direction; however, ultrasonic sensors with the same frequency not only are subject to interference by crosstalk with each other but also have a high miss rate. To overcome these disadvantages of the ultrasonic sensor, we propose a coding mechanism to reduce both crosstalk and environmental interference and to enhance the distinguishing features of the signal. In an ideal case, the reliability of time-variation coding signal consists of bit rate, coding efficiency and error bit rate. To confirm the sensing probability of a coding signal, we find the relationship between a signal interferes with timing and reliability when an intruder passes through the detection area. In addition we use a time-variation coding signal both to make the system more reliable and to prevent of the system from crashing when the coding signals vary. Both ultrasonic sensors and PIR sensors are managed by the majority voting mechanism (MVM).
Yoshida, 1988 Yukihiro. "Effet élastocalorique dans le caoutchouc naturel et le terpolymère : Mécanismes responsables de la variation de température et bilan énergétique sous déformation". Thesis, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI070/document.
Texto completoCaloric effects (CEs), which are the phenomena that temperature variation is caused by entropy change, have been investigated for the novel system which might be able to replace conventional vapor compression refrigeration system. In the present thesis, the elastocaloric effect (ElCE) of natural rubber (NR) and terpolymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)), was focused. First of all, NR, which is an excellent candidate material for ElCE, was evaluated in cyclic deformation with different strain levels. It was found that NR exhibits temperature variation of around 4.0 °C. In general, the relation between stress/strain versus temperature variation is used to evaluate ElCE. The unsuitability of such evaluation method for NR was demonstrated. The evaluation method for ElCE which uses energy balance was then proposed. A linear relation between the temperature variation caused by ElCE and the applied mechanical energy by deformation was experimentally found. This fact verifies the suitability of the proposed method. Using the energy balance, besides, not only the conversion efficiency but also the influences of the Mullins effect and the strain-induced crystallization on the ElCE of NR were discussed. ElCE of P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) was also evaluated in order to find out the potential of polymer. It was found that present terpolymer which is not one of the elastomers can also exhibit a large temperature variation, 2.1 °C, caused by ElCE if a large pre-stretch such as more than 1050 % is applied in advance. By comparison with other materials for ElCE, it was demonstrated that P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) can be a high potential material for ElCE. It was also shown that P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) converts most of the applied mechanical energy into the heat energy
Rodrigue-Witchel, Alexandre. "Spectroscopie de complexes plans carrés de platine(II) et de palladium(II) en fonction de la température et de la pression : structure et énergie". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8428.
Texto completoInteractions between platinum(II) or palladium (II) compounds influence a large range of chemical and materials properties. These properties can be studied with the help of many different spectroscopic methods such as Raman, absorption, luminescence and diffuse reflectance. The stacking of molecules has a very important effect on their photophysical properties. Luminescence spectroscopy is especially useful to understand what role of intermolecular effects in inorganic complexes. Square planar Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes are very interesting to study because of their multiple intermolecular and intramolecular effects. Work on these complexes under variable external pressure and temperature corresponding to variable intermolecular effects was executed. These changes include variations of pressure (between ambient pressure and 40 kbar) and temperature (from 80 K to 300 K). The ground-state structure of Pt(II) and Pd(II) square planar complexes has an obvious impact on the luminescence properties. Pressure allows a continuous variation of the structure. Complexes with axial donors show a shift of the luminescence maxima to lower energy as pressure increases, similar complexes without the axial component show a shift of the luminescence maxima to higher energy. The packing also plays an important role defining effects of pressure and temperature. These effects are illustrated with a series of pincer complexes that have shown energy shifts between -1 cm-1/kbar and -30 cm-1/kbar. These complexes also show different emitting states depending on the pressure that is applied. A ligand centered (LC) transition is observed at low pressure replaced by a metal-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) emission at higher pressure. The combination of crystallographic and spectroscopic data gives quantitative variations of the electronic structure for many complexes.
Poirier, Stéphanie. "Luminescence de complexes plan-carrés de nickel(II), palladium(II) et platine(II): une histoire d’interactions intermoléculaires, de pression et de température variable". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20757.
Texto completoChaix, Christophe. "Climatologie hivernale des versants alpins (Savoie) : types de temps, températures et vents.Analyse des données météorologiques des domaines skiables". Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00193112.
Texto completoCette thèse vise à exploiter les données obtenues grâce aux potentialités de ce nouveau réseau de mesure au travers des sites d'étude choisis, dans les Alpes françaises en Savoie (Les Menuires, Val Thorens, Aussois et Valloire).
Une analyse exploratoire et statistique des données permet de répondre en partie aux problématiques récurrentes de la climatologie hivernale de montagne, concernant notamment l'influence des échelles climatiques supérieures et du relief sur la variabilité spatio-temporelle des températures et du vent à échelle fine.
Fondée au préalable sur une classification des types de temps en Savoie, l'étude porte principalement sur le comportement moyen ou horaire des températures et leurs inversions, les gradients thermiques et le rôle des facteurs topographiques et des échelles climatiques sur la variation des paramètres locaux.
Un nouveau modèle de l'évolution des brises thermiques hivernales est proposé, avec la découverte de mécanismes encore non identifiés sur les brises catabatiques diurnes. Enfin, nous proposerons des applications concrètes pour la gestion des domaines skiables et de la neige de culture.
Messier, Lyne C. "Association entre la dépression et les comportements reliés aux habitudes de vie et aux soins du diabète dans la population diabétique du Québec". Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8482.
Texto completoIndividuals with diabetes are at a greater risk of developing depression, an additional burden for their daily activities. The aim of our study is to determine the characteristics of individuals with depression, in a Quebec population of adults with diabetes. Hypothesis 1: adults in Quebec with diabetes and with depression (major and minor), compared to those without depression, will be more likely to have less healthy lifestyle and care related indicators, and poorer self-efficacy indicators related to control of body weight and amount of food eaten. Hypothesis 2: among adults in Quebec with type 2 diabetes, the association between depression and obesity will be affected by weight cycling and self-efficacy indicators. Hypothesis 3: adults in Quebec with type 2 diabetes who developed or maintained depression during a 12 month period will be more likely to worsen their lifestyle and self-efficacy related indicators. A telephone survey was conducted to recruit individuals with diabetes residing in Québec. Male and female adults, 18 to 80 years of age, were eligible to participate. A total of 3221 subjects were contacted at the beginning of the study; 2003 participated in the study (93% type 2) and 1234 participated in the 12 month follow-up survey. The prevalence of major and minor depression was 10.9% and 8.7%, respectively. Fifty three percent of subjects with major depression had two or three unhealthy indicators (smoking, inactivity or obesity), 33% of subjects were having minor depression and 21% of subjects were without depression. The results of logistic regression analyses indicated that depression was more likely to be associated with being female, less educated, not married, inactive, smoking, having a poor perception of controlling amount of food eaten, and testing blood glucose on a daily basis more frequently (p<0.05). Among individuals with type 2 diabetes, the association between depression and obesity was affected by the variables of weight cycling and self-efficacy. At the 12-month follow-up, 11.5% of subjects developed depression and 10% maintained their depressed state. Individuals who developed depression or maintained their depressed state were more likely to have been physically inactive at the start of the study or to have remained inactive at the 12-month follow-up, and to have maintained a perception of a poor control of body weight and amount of food eaten. However, changes in depression status were not associated with changes in body mass index. In conclusion, physical inactivity and poor self-efficacy play an important roles in the development and persistence of depression in diabetic patients,underlying the usefulness of acting on these multiple factors during treatment.