Tesis sobre el tema "Surrogate Function"
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Eisner, Mariah Claire. "Comparing Logit and Hinge Surrogate Loss Functions in Outcome Weighted Learning". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1585657996755039.
Texto completoSmith, Nicola Marianne Godwin. "Characterisation of T cell surface phenotype and effector function in a surrogate model of rheumatoid arthritis". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/4391.
Texto completoSarmiento, Alam Natalia Catalina [Verfasser], Johannes [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Buchner y Bernd [Gutachter] Reif. "Structure and function of the surrogate light chain / Natalia Catalina Sarmiento Alam ; Gutachter: Bernd Reif, Johannes Buchner ; Betreuer: Johannes Buchner". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1133261825/34.
Texto completoYu, Jiaqian. "Minimisation du risque empirique avec des fonctions de perte nonmodulaires". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC012/document.
Texto completoThis thesis addresses the problem of learning with non-modular losses. In a prediction problem where multiple outputs are predicted simultaneously, viewing the outcome as a joint set prediction is essential so as to better incorporate real-world circumstances. In empirical risk minimization, we aim at minimizing an empirical sum over losses incurred on the finite sample with some loss function that penalizes on the prediction given the ground truth. In this thesis, we propose tractable and efficient methods for dealing with non-modular loss functions with correctness and scalability validated by empirical results. First, we present the hardness of incorporating supermodular loss functions into the inference term when they have different graphical structures. We then introduce an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) based decomposition method for loss augmented inference, that only depends on two individual solvers for the loss function term and for the inference term as two independent subproblems. Second, we propose a novel surrogate loss function for submodular losses, the Lovász hinge, which leads to O(p log p) complexity with O(p) oracle accesses to the loss function to compute a subgradient or cutting-plane. Finally, we introduce a novel convex surrogate operator for general non-modular loss functions, which provides for the first time a tractable solution for loss functions that are neither supermodular nor submodular. This surrogate is based on a canonical submodular-supermodular decomposition
ALINEJAD, FARHAD. "Development of advanced criteria for blade root design and optimization". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2711560.
Texto completoHinkle, Kurt Berlin. "An Automated Method for Optimizing Compressor Blade Tuning". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6230.
Texto completoTancred, James Anderson. "Aerodynamic Database Generation for a Complex Hypersonic Vehicle Configuration Utilizing Variable-Fidelity Kriging". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1543801033672049.
Texto completoGuo, Xiao. "Bayesian surrogates for functional response modeling and metamaterial rapid design". HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/418.
Texto completoRiley, Mike J. W. "Evaluating cascade correlation neural networks for surrogate modelling needs and enhancing the Nimrod/O toolkit for multi-objective optimisation". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6796.
Texto completoWikström, Jonas. "3D Model of Fuel Tank for System Simulation : A methodology for combining CAD models with simulation tools". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Maskinkonstruktion, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71370.
Texto completoAtt utveckla ett nytt flygplanssystem är en väldigt komplicerad arbetsuppgift. Därför används modeller och simuleringar för att testa icke befintliga system, minska utvecklingstiden och kostnaderna, begränsa riskerna samt upptäcka problem tidigt och på så sätt minska andelen implementerade fel. Vid sektionen Vehicle Simulation and Thermal Analysis på Saab Aeronautics i Linköping designas och simuleras varje grundflygplanssystem, ett av dessa system är bränslesystemet. För närvarande används 2-dimensionella rätblock i simuleringsmodellen för att representera bränsletankarna, vilket är en väldigt grov approximation. För att kunna utföra mer detaljerade analyser behöver modellerna utökas med en bättre geometrisk beskrivning av bränsletankarna. Denna rapport går igenom de olika stegen i den framtagna metodiken för att kombinera 3- dimensionella tankmodeller skapade i CATIA med dynamisk simulering av bränslesystemet i Dymola. Den nya 3-dimensionella representationen av en tank i Dymola bör kunna beräkna bränsleytans läge under en simulering av ett manövrerande flygplan. Första steget i metodiken är att skapa en solid modell av bränslet som finns i tanken. Därefter specificeras modellens giltighetsområde och alla tänkbara riktningar hos accelerationsvektorn som påverkar bränslet genereras, dessa används sedan i den automatiserade volymanalysen i CATIA. För varje riktning delar CATIA upp bränslemodellen i ett bestämt antal delar och registrerar volymen, bränsleytans läge samt tyngdpunktens position för varje del. Med hjälp av radiala basfunktioner som har implementerats i MATLAB approximeras dessa data och en surrogatmodell tas fram, denna implementeras sedan i Dymola. På så sätt kan bränsleytans och tyngdpunktens läge beräknas på ett effektivt sätt, baserat på riktningen hos bränslets accelerationsvektor samt mängden bränsle i tanken. Den nya 3-dimensionella tankmodellen simuleras i Dymola och resultaten jämförs med mätningar utförda i CATIA samt med resultaten från den gamla simuleringsmodellen. Resultaten visar att den 3-dimensionella tankmodellen ger en mycket bättre representation av verkligheten och att det är en stor förbättring jämfört med den 2-dimensionella representationen. Nackdelen är att det tar ungefär 24 timmar att få fram denna 3-dimensionella representation.
Olofsson, Karl-Johan. "Black-box optimization of simulated light extraction efficiency from quantum dots in pyramidal gallium nitride structures". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-162235.
Texto completoFowkes, Jaroslav Mrazek. "Bayesian numerical analysis : global optimization and other applications". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ab268fe7-f757-459e-b1fe-a4a9083c1cba.
Texto completoMarque-Pucheu, Sophie. "Gaussian process regression of two nested computer codes". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC155/document.
Texto completoThree types of observations of the system exist: those of the chained code, those of the first code only and those of the second code only. The surrogate model has to be accurate on the most likely regions of the input domain of the nested code.In this work, the surrogate models are constructed using the Universal Kriging framework, with a Bayesian approach.First, the case when there is no information about the intermediary variable (the output of the first code) is addressed. An innovative parametrization of the mean function of the Gaussian process modeling the nested code is proposed. It is based on the coupling of two polynomials.Then, the case with intermediary observations is addressed. A stochastic predictor based on the coupling of the predictors associated with the two codes is proposed.Methods aiming at computing quickly the mean and the variance of this predictor are proposed. Finally, the methods obtained for the case of codes with scalar outputs are extended to the case of codes with high dimensional vectorial outputs.We propose an efficient dimension reduction method of the high dimensional vectorial input of the second code in order to facilitate the Gaussian process regression of this code. All the proposed methods are applied to numerical examples
Amouzgar, Kaveh. "Metamodel based multi-objective optimization". Licentiate thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsmiljö Produktutveckling - Simulering och optimering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-28432.
Texto completoPostel-Vinay, Sophie. "Synthetic lethality and functional study of DNA repair defects in ERCC1-deficient non-small-cell lung cancer". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T094/document.
Texto completoExcision Repair Cross-Complementation group 1 (ERCC1) is a DNA repair enzyme that is frequently deficient in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although low ERCC1 expression correlates with platinum sensitivity, the clinical effectiveness of platinum therapy is limited - mainly by toxicities and occurrence of resistance - highlighting the need for alternative treatment strategies. In addition, the lack of a reliable assay evaluating ERCC1 functionality in the clinical setting currently precludes personalising therapy based on ERCC1 status. To discover new synthetic lethality-based therapeutic strategies for ERCC1-defective tumours, high-throughput drug and siRNA screens in an isogenic NSCLC model of ERCC1 deficiency were performed. This approach identified multiple clinical poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 and 2 (PARP1/2) inhibitors such as olaparib (AZD-2281), niraparib (MK-4827) and BMN 673 as being selective for ERCC1 deficiency. The mechanism underlying ERCC1-selective effects was dissected by studying molecular biomarkers of tumour cell response, and revealed that: (i) ERCC1-deficient cells displayed a significant delay in double-strand break repair associated with a profound and prolonged G2/M arrest following PARP1/2 inhibitor treatment; (ii) ERCC1 isoform 202, which has recently been shown to mediate platinum sensitivity, also modulated PARP1/2 sensitivity; (iii) ERCC1-deficiency was epistatic with homologous recombination deficiency, although ERCC1-deficient cells did not display a defect in RAD51 foci formation. This suggests that ERCC1 might be required to process PARP1/2 inhibitor induced DNA lesions prior to DNA strand invasion; and (iv) PARP1 silencing restored PARP1/2 inhibitor resistance in ERCC1-deficient cells but had no effect in ERCC1-proficient cells, supporting the hypothesis that PARP1 might be required for the ERCC1 selectivity of PARP1/2 inhibitors. This study indicated that PARP1/2 inhibitors as a monotherapy could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC patients with ERCC1-deficient tumours, and a clinical protocol is being written to evaluate this hypothesis.To investigate whether a surrogate biomarker of ERCC1 functionality could be developed, four parallel approaches were undertaken in the ERCC1-isogenic NSCLC model: (i) UV irradiation, to evaluate the Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) pathway; (ii) whole exome sequencing, to look for an ERCC1-associated genomic scar at the DNA level; (iii) transcriptomic analysis, to investigate changes at the RNA expression level; and (iv) SILAC (Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino acids in Cell culture) analysis, to compare proteomic profiles between ERCC1-proficient and ERCC1-deficient cells. These approaches allowed the identification of putative genomic signature and potential metabolic surrogate biomarkers - guanine deaminase (GDA) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Further validation and mechanistic investigations of these latter preliminary observations are warranted
Lu, Ruijin. "Scalable Estimation and Testing for Complex, High-Dimensional Data". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93223.
Texto completoDoctor of Philosophy
With modern high-throughput technologies, scientists can now collect high-dimensional data of various forms, including brain images, medical spectrum curves, engineering signals, and biological measurements. These data provide a rich source of information on disease development, engineering systems, and many other scientific phenomena. The goal of this dissertation is to develop novel methods that enable scalable estimation, testing, and analysis of complex, high-dimensional data. It contains three parts: parameter estimation based on complex biological and engineering data, powerful testing of high-dimensional functional data, and the analysis of functional data supported on manifolds. The first part focuses on a family of parameter estimation problems in which the relationship between data and the underlying parameters cannot be explicitly specified using a likelihood function. We introduce a computation-based statistical approach that achieves efficient parameter estimation scalable to high-dimensional functional data. The second part focuses on developing a powerful testing method for functional data that can be used to detect important regions. We will show nice properties of our approach. The effectiveness of this testing approach will be demonstrated using two applications: the detection of regions of the spectrum that are related to pre-cancer using fluorescence spectroscopy data and the detection of disease-related regions using brain image data. The third part focuses on analyzing brain cortical thickness data, measured on the cortical surfaces of monkeys’ brains during early development. Subjects are measured on misaligned time-markers. By using functional data estimation and testing approach, we are able to: (1) identify asymmetric regions between their right and left brains across time, and (2) identify spatial regions on the cortical surface that reflect increase or decrease in cortical measurements over time.
Silva, Lidiane Cristina da. "A comunidade zooplanctônica de rios amazônicos na área de influência da Usina Hidrelétrica de Santo Antônio do Madeira, RO: diferentes abordagens no monitoramento". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1848.
Texto completoUniversidade Federal de Sao Carlos
The growing world interest for the Amazon region has risen up the most diverse issues. Among these are those of ecological importance, to promote the conservation and maintenance of natural resources of the region. It was intended to, in this study, analyze the structure of the zooplankton community and its spatial distribution and temporal patterns on the Madeira River and tributaries in the area of influence of the Santo Antônio HPP, before, during and after their deployment, to verify the occurrence possible changes. Quarterly samplings were carried out for four years for the physical and chemical variables and zooplankton. The zooplankton community structure varied widely depending on the hydrological events, but was little changed after filling the reservoir probably because the HPP be of the run-of-river type. Changes in the density of zooplankton were lower than those observed in large accumulation reservoir previously built in the Amazon. However there have been changes in the proportions of biomass of different zooplankton groups. Whereas the functional approach, in all analyzed rivers was observed that before the filling had greater selection of r strategists and smaller species and after filling greater numbers of functional groups coexisted. In relation to the components of diversity, greater evenness values were recorded in the last years of sampling. For other functional and taxonomic indices (richness, Shannon, FDis and FEev), differences related to impoundment on the Madeira River were not verified. Considering the approach of surrogates, the amounts recorded for analysis of concordance between the zooplankton community groups and also among the taxonomic classification levels were low significance, which prevents them from being used separately in biomonitoring studies in the region. We conclude that the Madeira River and its tributaries have high zooplankton diversity and until the moment the changes in the community were low, presumably by maintaining the short residence time. The results show that different approaches, both functional as taxonomic, evaluated together, can be a great step toward understanding the relationship between environmental standards, management practices and production of ecosystem services.
O crescente interesse mundial pela região Amazônica tem levantado diversas questões, dentre elas as de importância ecológica, visando a conservação e manutenção dos recursos naturais da região. Pretendeu-se, no presente estudo, analisar a estrutura da comunidade zooplanctônica e seus padrões de distribuição espacial e temporal no rio Madeira e tributários na área de influência da UHE de Santo Antônio, antes, durante e após a sua implantação, visando verificar a ocorrência de possíveis alterações. Foram realizadas amostragens trimestrais durante o período de 2009 a 2013, para as variáveis físicas, químicas e do zooplâncton. A estrutura da comunidade variou amplamente em função dos eventos hidrológicos, mas foi pouco alterada após o enchimento do reservatório provavelmente pelo fato da usina ser do tipo fio d água. As mudanças na densidade do zooplâncton foram menores do que as observadas nos grandes reservatórios de acumulação anteriormente construídos na Amazônia. Contudo ocorreram mudanças nas proporções da biomassa dos diferentes grupos zooplanctônicos. Considerando a abordagem funcional, em todos os rios analisados observou-se que durante a fase pré-enchimento havia maior seleção de espécies r estrategistas e de menor tamanho e que após o enchimento um maior número de grupos funcionais coexistiu. Em relação aos componentes da diversidade, maiores valores de equitabilidade foram registrados nos últimos anos de amostragem. Para os demais índices funcionais e taxonômicos (riqueza, Shannon, FDis e FEev), diferenças relacionadas ao barramento do rio Madeira não foram verificadas. Pela abordagem de grupos substitutos, os valores de concordância obtidos entre os grupos zooplanctônicos e também entre os níveis de classificação taxonômica foram de baixa significância, o que impede que estes possam ser usados separadamente no biomonitoramento da região. Conclui-se que o rio Madeira e seus tributários estudados detêm elevada diversidade zooplanctônica e que até o momento as alterações na comunidade foram baixas, provavelmente pela manutenção do curto tempo de residência. Os resultados mostram que diferentes abordagens, tanto funcionais como taxonômicas, avaliadas em conjunto, podem constituir uma ferramenta valiosa em direção à compreensão da relação entre padrões ecológicos, práticas de manejo e produção de serviços ecossistêmicos.
Boutoux, Guillaume. "Sections efficaces neutroniques via la méthode de substitution". Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00654677.
Texto completoVogel, Adam P. "Speech as a surrogate marker of central nervous system function: practical, experimental and statistical considerations". 2010. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7682.
Texto completoThis thesis aimed to evaluate the practical, experimental and statistical requirements of speech assessment protocols designed to monitor patient performance over time. The research involved a number of studies evaluating methods for acquiring and analysing data, studies examining the stability and sensitivity of speech stimuli, and finally, the functionality of these findings in an experimental model known to induce change in CNS function (i.e., sustained wakefulness).
Methods for acquiring and analysing speech data were designed to provide a balance between the concurrent demands for precision and useability inherent in repeated assessment protocols. Data from these studies provided evidence that techniques offering high levels of useability (e.g., easy to use, automated) are capable of offering adequate precision on broad acoustic measures of timing and frequency. Moreover, these methods could be standardised and automated, allowing non-expert users to collect and analyse data in a controlled and time efficient manner. The second series of experiments systematically documented the stability and responsiveness of speech stimuli within a variety of experimental conditions. These studies were designed to establish the suitability of select speech measures for monitoring change in individuals over time, as stimuli that proved to be both stable (across several re-test intervals) and sensitive to change or impairment were ideal candidates. Finally, a proof of concept study designed to evaluate the efficiency and sensitivity of the proposed methodology was initiated in an experimental model known to induce changes in psychomotor functioning in healthy adults (sustained wakefulness). Significant changes from baseline were observed in speech production as a function of increasing levels of fatigue. These findings are important as they demonstrate the potential of speech as a valid, reliable and sensitive marker of change in conditions where the CNS is subject to stress.
Marques, Inês Pereira Dias. "PROGRESS – Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. Identification of Signs and Surrogate outcomes". Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/96391.
Texto completoDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most frequent complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of legal blindness in active populations of industrialized countries. Progression of DR does not occur at the same rate in all patients. Some never develop vision loss, whereas others rapidly progress to macular edema or neovascularization leading to vision loss. The already known risk factors are unable to predict the patients that will progress and develop complications. The main goal in diabetes is to prevent the development of DR. When DR lesions develop, early intervention should be attempt in order to preserve vision. It is essential to understand the mechanisms by which diabetes affects retina, improve the methods for early disease detection and find new molecules for targeted treatment. The understanding of the mechanisms that balance in different direction is the main objective of this thesis. This thesis represents the results of an observational longitudinal clinical study, the PROGRESS study (NCT03010397), that followed up 212 type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients with no or mild DR, in a 5-year period, with annual visits. The overall purpose of this research was to characterize both functionally and morphologically initial DR stages. We found that different DR pathways of disease may be identified in different eyes, representing ischemia, neurodegeneration and edema. We wanted to further characterize the already identified DR phenotypes that may be used as biomarkers of progression. Furthermore, understanding the extent of neuroretinal abnormalities and characterize the neurodegeneration progression in patients with or without detectable microvascular damage was a main goal of the study. I have started, in CHAPTER 1, with a general introduction, where I go through the epidemiology and pathophysiology of DR, principal risk factors, different classification systems and the main pathways of disease progression. In CHAPTER 2, 3 and 4 I present the results of the 5 year follow up study, with a description of the demographic and systemic characteristics of the study population and the 5 year progression to vision threatening complications (VTC) and ETDRS level progression. The predictive value of systemic and ocular risk factors were explored, and imaging biomarkers identified. Phenotype C patients present higher HbA1c levels and higher values of triglycerides when compared to other phenotypes. Phenotype C was identified mainly in eyes with ETDRS grade 35 suggesting that ETDRS grade 35 may be the turning point in the progression of DR. Different retinopathy phenotypes in T2D show different five-year risk for development of VTC: CSME, CIME and PDR. Phenotype C identifies eyes at higher risk for development of vision-threatening complications (CSME or PDR). In contrast, phenotype A identifies eyes that are at a very low risk of development of vision–threatening complications. Microaneurysm turnover and phenotype C correlate well with changes in ETDRS severity levels, independent of CRT values, validating its use as a simple to use biomarker of DR progression. Phenotype A and B, representing 70% of the entire cohort, have a very low risk for 2-or-more-step ETDRS worsening (2%). In CHAPTER 5 we presented a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort of NPDR patients, grouped according to the ETDRS grading protocol, in levels 10-20, 35, and 43-47. Three different pathways of disease were identified: neurodegeneration, ischemia and edema, with different prevalence in different patients, indicating that the predominant mechanism of retinal disease may be different in different individuals. They appear to occur independently of each other. Only the metrics of vessel density, indicating ischemia, appear to be associated with the ETDRS level. In the next 2 chapters, CHAPTER 6 and 7, I present the results of a 2-year and a 3-year follow up studies, performed in a subset of patients, characterizing the evolution of the three identified retinal pathways occurring in DR. In each ETDRS group, values of capillary dropout (reduced vessel density), edema and neurodegeneration covered a wide range, identifying different levels of damage in different eyes. Vessel density remained the only metrics significantly different between ETDRS groups, even after adjusting for multiple baseline factors. During the 2-year follow-up period the vessel density decreased in all retinal plexuses, particularly in the superficial capillary plexus, and was more important in eyes with worsening in ETDRS level comparing to eyes that maintained DR severity, whereas edema and neurodegeneration remained stable. In the 3-year follow up study it was evident a GCL+IPL thickness decreased (representing neurodegeneration) during the follow up, however, this decrease do not discriminate between eyes that will present worsening comparing to eyes that maintain the ETDRS severity level. In the last paper presented, in CHAPTER 8, we evaluated 105 eyes with the innovative Swept-Source OCTA (SS-OCTA, PlexElite, Carl Zeiss Meditec), that allow to explore a bigger area of the retina, using 15x9 mm and 3x3 mm protocol. We observe that capillary closure in the midperiphery in a diabetic retina is indicative of an advanced stage of retinopathy, whereas capillary closure limited to the perifovea suggests a milder stage of the disease. In the last chapter I performed a brief discussion of the obtained results. This information has a crucial impact in DR management, contributing for an individualized monitoring and care and open new perspectives concerning new therapies to be used in the early phase, before clinically significant complications o
Talukder, A. K. M. K. A. "On the Pareto-Following Variation Operator for fast converging Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms". 2008. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3604.
Texto completoTo tackle this problem, we have reformulated the concept of surrogate modeling in a different way, which is more suitable for the Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm(MOEA) paradigm. In our approach, we do not approximate the objective function; rather we model the input-output behavior of the underlying MOEA itself. The model attempts to identify the search path (in both design-variable and objective spaces) and from this trajectory the model is guaranteed to generate non-dominated solutions (especially, during the initial iterations of the underlying MOEA – with respect to the current solutions) for the next iterations of the MOEA. Therefore, the MOEA can avoid re-evaluating the dominated solutions and thus can save large amount of computational cost due to expensive function evaluations. We have designed our approximation model as a variation operator – that follows the trajectory of the fronts and can be “plugged-in” to any kind of MOEA where non-domination based selection is used. Hence it is termed– the “Pareto-Following Variation Operator (PFVO)”. This approach also provides some added advantage that we can still use the original objective function and thus the search procedure becomes robust and suitable, especially for dynamic problems.
We have integrated the model into three base-line MOEA’s: “Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm - II (NSGA-II)”, “Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm - II (SPEAII)”and the recently proposed “Regularity Model Based Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (RM-MEDA)”. We have also conducted an exhaustive simulation study using several benchmark MOP’s. Detailed performance and statistical analysis reveals promising results. As an extension, we have implemented our idea for dynamic MOP’s. We have also integrated PFVO into diffusion based/cellular MOEA in a distributed/Grid environment. Most experimental results and analysis reveal that PFVO can be used as a performance enhancement tool for any kind of MOEA.
Razavi, Seyed Saman. "Developing Efficient Strategies for Automatic Calibration of Computationally Intensive Environmental Models". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7443.
Texto completoDomingos, Célia Margarida Viegas. "Characterization of a wearable monitoring system of physical activity as a surrogate of brain structure and function in older populations". Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/76084.
Texto completoO envelhecimento cerebral saudável é um fator determinante do estado de saúde e da qualidade de vida da população idosa. Estudos tem demonstrado que a atividade física (AF) pode melhorar a saúde cerebral. Contudo, o uso de medidas subjetivas de AF e a ausência de abordagens multimodais de neuroimagem têm limitado a compreensão dos mecanismos associados. Nesta tese, pretendemos realizar um estudo observacional transversal em idosos para (i) comparar estimativas objetivas de AF com dados obtidos a partir de questionários em idosos residentes na comunidade; (ii) avaliar o perfil de AF e suas associações com variáveis relativas a indicadores de saúde; (iii) testar a aceitação, usabilidade e satisfação de um sistema de monitorização de AF (Xiaomi Mi Band 2®); e (iv) explorar associações entre AF e a estrutura e função do cérebro através da avaliação objetiva da AF e aquisições de neuroimagem. Esta abordagem foi complementada por uma análise sistemática de estudos de neuroimagem observacionais que avaliaram a relação entre PA e a estrutura e função do cérebro em idosos sem doença cognitiva ou neuropatológica. Os resultados evidenciaram uma grande variação do tempo sedentário e AF entre as medidas subjetivas (auto-relato) e as correspondentes medidas objetivas (Xiaomi Mi Band 2®), verificando-se a maior diferença para a estimativa do tempo sedentário. Adicionalmente, verificámos que a AF auto-relatada e medida objetivamente associam-se de forma diferente com as variáveis relativas a indicadores de saúde. Neste estudo verificou-se também que o Xiaomi Mi Band® apresenta um excelente nível de aceitação, usabilidade e satisfação entre os idosos, sugerindo que este dispositivo é adequado para esta população. Além disso, verificámos que a usabilidade é um fator importante na determinação da satisfação do utilizador. Por fim, observou-se uma correlação positiva significativa entre a AF vigorosa e o volume do giro parahipocampal esquerdo e do hipocampo direito. Além disso, foi observada uma maior conectividade funcional (CF) entre o giro frontal, o giro cingulado, o lobo inferior occipital e a AF de intensidade leve, moderada e total e menor CF associada ao tempo sedentário para as mesmas redes. Concluindo, os resultados sugerem que dispositivos com características semelhantes ao Xiaomi Mi Band® podem ser sistemas de monitorização de AF viáveis, podendo ser implementados com sucesso em estratégias de promoção de AF para a adoção de um estilo de vida fisicamente ativo. Além disso, os benefícios de um estilo de vida fisicamente ativo podem resultar numa melhor saúde cerebral.
Healthy brain aging is one of the most important determinants of health status and quality of life in the older population. There is increasing evidence that physical activity (PA) contributes to brain health. However, the lack of use of integrative approaches including PA objective measures and multimodal neuroimaging has limited the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the association. In this thesis, we aimed to conduct an observational cross-sectional study with community-dwelling older adults to (i) compare PA objective estimates with data obtained from self-report questionnaires; (ii) assess PA profiles and their associations with health outcomes; (iii) test acceptability, usability, and user satisfaction of a commercially available wearable PA monitoring system (Xiaomi Mi Band 2®); and (iv) explore the associations between objectively measured PA and brain structure and function. This approach was complemented by a systematic review of observational neuroimaging studies that have examined the relationship between PA and brain structure and function in older adults without cognitive disease or neuropathology. Altogether, the findings highlighted the large variation between subjective (self-reported) and objectively measured PA (Xiaomi Mi Band 2®) and sedentary time parameters, with the highest difference found for the latter. Additionally, self-reported and objectively measured PA were differently associated with health outcomes (cognitive and mood profiles, anthropometric, body composition, and physical performance measures). Findings also demonstrated that the Xiaomi Mi Band® has an excellent level of acceptability, usability, and satisfaction among older adults, suggesting that this device is suitable for this population. Moreover, usability was noted to be an important factor influencing user satisfaction. Finally, a significant positive correlation was found between the time spent in vigorous PA and the left parahippocampal gyrus and right hippocampus volumes. Findings also revealed higher functional connectivity (FC) between the frontal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and occipital inferior lobe for light, moderate, and total PA time, and sedentary time associated with lower FC in the same networks. In conclusion, these results suggest that wearables with characteristics similar to the Xiaomi Mi Band® may be a feasible monitoring system of PA. Thus, these types of devices may be used to create PA promotion strategies for the adoption of a physically active lifestyle in older populations. Moreover, the benefits of having a physically active lifestyle may translate into better brain health.
Financial support was provided by FEDER funds through the Operational Programme Competitiveness Factors – COMPETE and National Funds through FCT under the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007038, UIDB/50026/2020 and UIDP/50026/2020, by the project MEDPERSYST [ POCI-01-0145 -FEDER-016428; supported by the Operational Programme Competitiveness and Internationalization (COMPETE 2020) and the Regional Operational Program of Lisbon and National Funding through Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal)], and by the Portuguese North Regional Operational Programme . The work was also developed under the scope of the 2CA-Braga Grant of the 2017 Clinical Research Projects. CD was supported by a combined Ph.D. scholarship from FCT and the company iCognitus4ALL – IT Solutions, Lda, Braga, Portugal (grant number PD/BDE/127831/2016).
Shan, Songqing. "Metamodeling strategies for high-dimensional simulation-based design problems". 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4271.
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