Bibliografías temáticas / Surface active agents

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Surface active agents"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 30 de julio de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Surface active agents"

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Eissa, A. M. F. "Amphoteric surface active agents". Grasas y Aceites 46, n.º 4-5 (30 de octubre de 1995): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1995.v46.i4-5.931.

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Pirog, T. P. "MICROBIAL SURFACE-ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AS ANTIADHESIVE AGENTS". Biotechnologia Acta 9, n.º 3 (2016): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech9.03.007.

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El-Dougdoug, W. I. A. "Synthesis and surface active properties of cationic surface active agents from crude rice bran oil". Grasas y Aceites 50, n.º 5 (30 de octubre de 1999): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1999.v50.i5.683.

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MATUURA, Ryohei. "Adsorption of Surface Active Agents". Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 34, n.º 2 (1985): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.34.137.

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NTSHIDA, Shigeo y Teruhisa SATSUKI. "Application of Surface Active Agents". Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 41, n.º 9 (1992): 937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.41.937.

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Pryce, A. "Surface active agents: some applications in surface coatings". Pigment & Resin Technology 16, n.º 2 (febrero de 1987): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb042329.

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NAKAMURA, Yoshinobu. "New Function of Surface Active Agents". Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 60, n.º 2 (1987): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai1937.60.111.

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&NA;. "Surface active agents in respiratory disorders". Inpharma Weekly &NA;, n.º 721 (enero de 1990): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199007210-00045.

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Chasova, E. V., О. V. Demchyshyna, V. V. Borysenko y V. I. Lysenko. "Photometric determination of anionic surface-active agents". Mining Journal of Kryvyi Rih National University, n.º 103 (2018): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31721/2306-5435-2018-1-103-36-39.

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MIYAZAWA, Kiyoshi. "Application of Surface Active Agents in Cosmetics". Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 41, n.º 9 (1992): 946–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.41.946.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Surface active agents"

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Wahlgren, Marie. "Adsorption of proteins and interactions with surfactants at the solid/liquid interface". [Lund : Dept. of Food Technology, Lund University], 1992. http://books.google.com/books?id=zfxqAAAAMAAJ.

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Mobbs, Tamara Leah. "Effects of four soil surfactants on four soil-water properties in sand and silt loam". Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/t_mobbs_050110.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in biological and agricultural engineering)--Washington State University, May 2010.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 23, 2010). "Department of Biological Systems Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 16-22).
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Mendoza, Alvaro. "The synthesis and characterization of novel surfactants". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1296090131&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Jose, Robin. "Synthesis and characterization of novel amphiphiles". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1296090121&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Topp, Kathryn A. "Cationic oligomeric surfactants novel synthesis and characterization /". Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1728.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, 2006.
Title from title screen (viewed 13 January 2009). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Stellner, Kevin Lance. "Precipitation of surfactants and surfactant mixtures in aqueous solutions /". Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1987.

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Palla, Byron Joseph. "Mixed surfactant systems to control dispersion stability in severe environments for enhancing chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of metal surfaces". [Florida] : State University System of Florida, 2000. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/2000/ana6408/byronpalla.PDF.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Florida, 2000.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 174 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-173).
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Frye, Gregory Charles. "Interactions between surface active components in the promotion and destruction of foams /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9826.

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Lapitsky, Yakov. "Interactions of oppositely charged surfactants and polyelectrolytes in aqueous solutions and gels". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 6.51 Mb., 240 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3220721.

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Kowal, Mark George. "Effect of surfactants on the likelihood and severity of vapor explosions". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15810.

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Libros sobre el tema "Surface active agents"

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Laboratories, Sadtler Research, ed. Surface active agents: Grating spectra. Philadelphia, PA (3316 Spring Garden St., Philadelphia 19104): The Laboratories, 1985.

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Laboratories, Sadtler Research, ed. Sadtler spectra: Surface active agents. Philadelphia, PA (3316 Spring Garden St., Philadelphia 19104): Sadtler Research Laboratories, 1989.

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Myers, Drew. Surfactant science and technology. 2a ed. New York: VCH Publishers, 1992.

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Myers, Drew. Surfactant science and technology. 3a ed. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley, 2005.

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Irene, Ash, ed. Handbook of industrial surfactants. 5a ed. Endicott, N.Y: Synapse Information Resources, 2010.

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Sharma, Deepansh. Biosurfactants: Greener Surface Active Agents for Sustainable Future. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2705-7.

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1955-, Hill Randal Myron, ed. Silicone surfactants. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1999.

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Wolf, Rory A. Plastic surface modification: Surface treatment and adhesion. Munich [Germany]: Hanser, 2010.

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Rosen, Milton J. Surfactants and interfacial phenomena. 3a ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Interscience, 2004.

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Rosen, Milton J. Surfactants and interfacial phenomena. 2a ed. New York: Wiley, 1989.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Surface active agents"

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Paulus, Wilfried. "Surface Active Agents". En Microbicides for the Protection of Materials, 375–400. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2118-7_18.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Surface-Active Agents". En Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 715. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_11429.

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Moroi, Yoshikiyo. "Surface-Active Agents". En Micelles, 7–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0700-4_2.

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Paulus, Wilfried. "Surface active agents". En Directory of Microbicides for the Protection of Materials, 707–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2818-0_41.

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Bognolo, Guido. "Amphoteric Surfactants". En Surface Active Agents, 31–33. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003403869-7.

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Bognolo, Guido. "Anionic Surfactants". En Surface Active Agents, 35–65. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003403869-8.

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Bognolo, Guido. "Nonionic Surfactants". En Surface Active Agents, 71–95. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003403869-10.

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Bognolo, Guido. "Soap-Making Process and Raw Materials". En Surface Active Agents, 19–21. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003403869-3.

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Bognolo, Guido. "Washing Linen and Clothes". En Surface Active Agents, 103–4. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003403869-13.

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Bognolo, Guido. "Cationic Surfactants". En Surface Active Agents, 67–70. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003403869-9.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Surface active agents"

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Tucureanu, Vasilica, Marian Popescu, Cosmin Romanitan, Iuliana Mihalache, Bianca Tincu, Marioara Avram y Alina Matei. "Interaction of oxide nanoparticles with surface-active agents". En Advanced Topics in Optoelectronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnologies IX, editado por Ionica Cristea, Marian Vladescu y Razvan D. Tamas. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2323589.

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E. L., Terechova, Wang Guowen, Xu Xiaochen y Yang Fenglin. "Conditions of surface-active agents in wastewaters from laundries of railway enterprises". En The International Conference on Remote Sensing,Environment and Transportation Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rsete.2013.149.

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Kiselov, Georgij, Vladimir Jemeljanov y Janis Ievinsh. "Assessment of Improving the Efficiency of Fire Extinguishing by Using Surface Active Agents". En Civil engineering '17 : 6th International Scientific Conference "Research for Environment and Civil Engineering Development 17”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/ce.2017.014.

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Kiselov, Georgij, Vladimir Jemeljanov y Janis Ievinsh. "Assessment of Improving the Efficiency of Fire Extinguishing by Using Surface Active Agents". En Civil engineering '17 : 6th International Scientific Conference "Research for Environment and Civil Engineering Development 17”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/ce.2018.014.

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Shokir, E. M. El-M. "Applying Electrophoresis Technique to Study Adsorption of Surface Active Agents on Reservoir Rocks". En Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/85649-ms.

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Sarkar, Kausik, Pankaj Jain y Dhiman Chatterjee. "Modeling Thin-Walled Microbubbles for Medical Ultrasound". En ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61645.

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Microbubble contrast agents injected into patient’s body increases contrast of ultrasound images. They are encapsulated by a thin layer of surface active materials to prevent their dissolution inside the body. Here we provide a detail procedure of characterizing them by in vitro acoustic experiment and modeling. The encapsulation is modeled as an interface having an intrinsic surface rheology. The rheological parameters are determined by matching the model with measured attenuation. We have characterized contrast agent Definity with surface tension γ, and dilatational viscosity κs. We also the variation of properties with driving frequency.
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Conway, Michael W., Kevin Smith, Todd Thomas y Richard A. Schraufnagel. "The Effect of Surface Active Agents on the Relative Permeability of Brine and Gas in Porous Media". En SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/28982-ms.

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Özkan, A. y M. Yekeler. "The effects of various surface-active agents on the breakage of calcite in a laboratory porcelain mill". En The 8th International Mineral Processing Symposium. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203747117-15.

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Vai Yee, Hon, Estelle Deguillard, Ismail Mohd Saaid, Ivy Chin Hsia, Noor Amira Mohd Fauzi, Jan Van Male y Jan-Willem Handgraaf. "Emulsion Interface Model – From Science to Implementation". En ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211235-ms.

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Abstract Using computational chemistry solutions, a practical software tool is developed to simulate emulsion system, thereby gaining comprehensive information from atomistic level to manage oil field emulsion. The software tool is a revolutionary emulsion interface model, established based on physical chemistry of surface tension and torque concepts, coupled with solution of interface bending rigidity with relation to interface energy. With solid theoretical foundation, the tool is reliable and proven for field application. The emulsion interface model simulates emulsion behavior in molecular dynamics to predict emulsion type and stability in the presence of various surface-active agents. It comprises of two key mathematical approaches. The first approach is used to assess the surface mechanical coefficients (surface tension and torque) to infer the type of emulsion formation: water-in-oil emulsion, oil-in-water emulsion or microemulsion. The second approach is used to estimate the emulsion interface bending rigidity to deduce interface stability. Digital oil model with accurate representation of atomistic components of actual crude oil is constructed as input to the simulation. The emulsion interface model is verified with both published data on pure oil emulsion system and with actual data on oilfield emulsion system from offshore field in Malaysia. Good agreement between simulations and field results is achieved. This indicates that the main characteristics and physics of emulsion behavior are captured correctly in the emulsion interface model. The duration for selecting effective surface-active agents to manage oilfield emulsion can be reduced up to 90%. The main advantage of the tool lies in its dual-functionality applicable for both emulsifier selection for enhanced oil recovery and demulsifier selection for production flow assurance. Ultimately, the application of emulsion interface model has successfully enabled step-change in oilfield emulsion management via an efficient and reliable scientific based digital platform. It is a powerful tool with potential to exclusively use simulation to design molecular composition of surface-active agent for novel chemical production.
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Kumar, Ravi Shankar, Muhammad Arif, Sikandar Kumar y Tushar Sharma. "Impact of Reservoir Salinity on Oil Recovery Using Surface-Modified Silica Nanofluid for Offshore Oilfield Applications". En Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32365-ms.

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Abstract Hydrocarbons (oil and gas) contribute significantly to the total global energy requirement, thus, oil recovery improvement from the current reservoirs is key. Nanotechnology based enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is a potential technique that can considerably improve the oil recovery factor. However, complex reservoir fluids which are highly saline (specifically in offshore) affect the stability of nanofluids and limit their efficacy through pore blockage during flow through porous media and offer a reduction in oil recoveries. This study thus proposes a novel technique for nanofluid formulation using different additives and surface-active agents and investigated them for stability in different techniques. Moreover, the formulated nanofluid is then tested for EOR in sand-pack experiments. The sand-pack is fully saturated using a NaCl solution; providing a realistic high saline laboratory model during flooding similar to an offshore environment. Various studies involving the stability and viscosity of nanofluids, and efficiency for EOR for offshore reservoirs have been reported. The efficiency of the nanofluid systems for stability, rheologicalproperties, and EOR has also been compared with the conventional nanofluid and newly formulated nanofluid flood schemes. This study reports that the saline environment severely damage the nanofluid stability by reducing electrostatic repulsive forces (screening electrical charges of NPs), subsequently, quick settlement of NPs was observed. The agglomeration and sedimentation of NPs within the nanofluids generally reduces the cumulative oil production by permeability impairment. However, the inclusion of surface active agents (surfactant) re-establishes the physical stability of the surface coating mechanism which curtailed the effect of salinity, especially in offshore oilfields. The surface-coated NPs in the nanofluid enhanced stability for a prolonged duration by maintaining nanometer size which is crucial to avoid early particle aggregation thus demonstrating incremental oil recovery in offshore oilfield applications. This study discusses the novel fabrication methodology of stable nanofluids using colloidal aspects for offshore oilfield applications where formations salinity becomes a major challenge during flow through porous and permeable media.
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Informes sobre el tema "Surface active agents"

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López-Valverde, Nansi, Javier Aragoneses, Antonio López-Valverde, Cinthia Rodríguez y Juan Manuel Aragoneses. Role in the osseointegration of titanium dental implants, of bioactive surfaces based on biomolecules: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo studies. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, junio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0076.

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Review question / Objective: Does the bioactive surface of titanium dental implants, based on biomolecules, influence osseointegration?. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role and efficacy of bioactive surfaces in osseointegration. Our review study limited the research interest to titanium dental implants coated with a biomolecule, i.e., an organic molecule produced by a living organism. Condition being studied: In recent years, much attention has been paid to topographical modifications of dental implant surfaces, as well as to their coating with biologically active substances.a bioactive surface is one capable of achieving faster and higher quality osseointegration, shortening waiting times and solving situations of poor bone quality. Molecules that can be applied for bioactive purposes include bioceramics, ions and biomolecules. Collagen and bone morphogenetic protein have been suggested as bone stimulating agents. Biofunctionalization of the implant surface with a biomimetic active peptide has also been shown to result in a significant increase in bone-to-implant ratios and an increase in peri-implant bone density.
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Rahimipour, Shai y David Donovan. Renewable, long-term, antimicrobial surface treatments through dopamine-mediated binding of peptidoglycan hydrolases. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597930.bard.

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There is a need for renewable antimicrobial surface treatments that are semi- permanent, can eradicate both biofilms and planktonic pathogens over long periods of time and that do not select for resistant strains. This proposal describes a dopamine binding technology that is inexpensive, bio-friendly, non-toxic, and uses straight-forward commercially available products. The antimicrobial agents are peptidoglycanhydrolase enzymes that are non-toxic and highly refractory to resistance development. The goal of this project is to create a treatment that will be applicable to a wide variety of surfaces and will convey long-lasting antimicrobial activity. Although the immediate goal is to create staphylolytic surfaces, the technology should be applicable to any pathogen and will thus contribute to no less than 3 BARD priorities: 1) increased animal production by protecting animals from invasive and emerging diseases, 2) Antimicrobial food packaging will improve food safety and security and 3) sustainable bio- energy systems will be supported by coating fermentation vats with antimicrobials that could protect ethanolic fermentations from Lactobacillus contamination that reduces ethanol yields. The dopamine-based modification of surfaces is inspired by the strong adhesion of mussel adhesion proteins to virtually all types of surfaces, including metals, polymers, and inorganic materials. Peptidoglycanhydrolases (PGHs) meet the criteria of a surface bound antimicrobial with their site of action being extracellular peptidoglycan (the structural basis of the bacterial cell wall) that when breached causes osmotic lysis. As a proof of principle, we will develop technology using peptidoglycanhydrolase enzymes that target Staphylococcus aureus, a notoriously contagious and antimicrobial-resistant pathogen. We will test for susceptibility of the coating to a variety of environmental stresses including UV light, abrasive cleaning and dessication. In order to avoid resistance development, we intend to use three unique, synergistic, simultaneous staphylococcal enzyme activities. The hydrolases are modular such that we have created fusion proteins with three lytic activities that are highly refractory to resistance development. It is essential to use multiple simultaneous activities to avoid selecting for antimicrobial resistant strains. This strategy is applicable to both Gram positive and negative pathogens. We anticipate that upon completion of this award the technology will be available for commercialization within the time required to achieve a suitable high volume production scheme for the required enzymes (~1-2 years). We expect the modified surface will remain antimicrobial for several days, and when necessary, the protocol for renewal of the surface will be easily applied in a diverse array of environments, from food processing plants to barnyards.
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Werren, John H., Einat Zchori-Fein y Moshe Coll. Parthenogenesis-Inducing Microorganisms in Parasitic Hymenoptera: Their Mode of Action and Utilization for Improvement of Biological Control Agents. United States Department of Agriculture, junio de 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573080.bard.

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Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria known to cause reproductive and sex ratio disorders in many insects. In various parasitic Hymenoptera, Wolbachia induce thelytokous reproduction. The overall goal of this research was the improvement of biological control agents by reversion of their mode of reproduction. This was attempted from two directions: 1) studying the effect of naturally occurring Wolbachia on the thelytokous species Muscidifuraxuniraptor and 2) trying to transmit thelytoky-inducing Wolbachia to Nasoniavitripennis. In M. uniraptor, gamete duplication was found to be the mode of diploidy restoration and Wolbachia density had a strong effect on sex ratio but not on host fitness. Studies on the natural horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between Nasonia wasps and their Protocalliphora hosts using the Wolbachia Outer Surface Protein (WOSP) gene revealed that (a) two Nasonia species (N. giraulti and N. longicornis) possess closely related strains of B-group Wolbachia, but N. vitripennisapparently acquired B Wolbachia by horizontal transmission from an unknown source, (b) Nasonia and its Protocalliphora host have similar Wolbachia, and (c) the Protocalliphora Wolbachia WOSP gene is a recombinant between the one found in N. giraulti/longicornis and N. vitripennis. Results show parasitoid-host insect transmission of Wolbachia and recombination among Wolbachia strains. Results from gynandromorph studies suggest a novel mechanism of sex determination in Nasonia.
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Research, Opinium. Knowledge of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) amongst Food Handlers. Food Standards Agency, noviembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.duo179.

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a commitment was made in the 2019-2024 UK wide AMR National Action Plan (NAP) (Opens in a new window) to explore and track perceptions of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria in food, amongst food handlers Opinium were commissioned by the Food Standards Agency (FSA) to conduct quantitative research to understand awareness and knowledge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) amongst food handlers in the United Kingdom (UK) a series of questions were run in a 5 minute online survey, broadly matching similar consumers surveys carried out in 2016, 2019 and 2021 the sample comprised 500 UK workers who handle food, or touch surfaces likely to be in contact with food, who completed the survey between the 28th June and 8th July 2022. Main fin
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Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André y Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy: how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, septiembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.

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We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.
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Lichter, Amnon, Joseph L. Smilanick, Dennis A. Margosan y Susan Lurie. Ethanol for postharvest decay control of table grapes: application and mode of action. United States Department of Agriculture, julio de 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7587217.bard.

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Original objectives: Dipping of table grapes in ethanol was determined to be an effective measure to control postharvest gray mold infection caused by Botrytis cinerea. Our objectives were to study the effects of ethanol on B.cinerea and table grapes and to conduct research that will facilitate the implementation of this treatment. Background: Botrytis cinerea is known as the major pathogen of table grapes in cold storage. To date, the only commercial technology to control it relied on sulfur dioxide (SO₂) implemented by either fumigation of storage facilities or from slow release generator pads which are positioned directly over the fruits. This treatment is very effective but it has several drawbacks such as aftertaste, bleaching and hypersensitivity to humans which took it out of the GRAS list of compounds and warranted further seek for alternatives. Prior to this research ethanol was shown to control several pathogens in different commodities including table grapes and B. cinerea. Hence it seemed to be a simple and promising technology which could offer a true alternative for storage of table grapes. Further research was however required to answer some practical and theoretical questions which remained unanswered. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: In this research project we have shown convincingly that 30% ethanol is sufficient to prevent germination of B. cinerea and kill the spores. In a comparative study it was shown that Alternaria alternata is also rather sensitive but Rhizopus stolonifer and Aspergillus niger are less sensitive to ethanol. Consequently, ethanol protected the grapes from decay but did not have a significant effect on occurrence of mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species which are present on the surface of the berry. B. cinerea responded to ethanol or heat treatments by inducing sporulation and transient expression of the heat shock protein HSP104. Similar responses were not detected in grape berries. It was also shown that application of ethanol to berries did not induce subsequent resistance and actually the berries were slightly more susceptible to infection. The heat dose required to kill the spores was determined and it was proven that a combination of heat and ethanol allowed reduction of both the ethanol and heat dose. Ethanol and heat did not reduce the amount or appearance of the wax layers which are an essential component of the external protection of the berry. The ethanol and acetaldehyde content increased after treatment and during storage but the content was much lower than the natural ethanol content in other fruits. The efficacy of ethanol applied before harvest was similar to that of the biological control agent, Metschnikowia fructicola, Finally, the performance of ethanol could be improved synergistically by packaging the bunches in modified atmosphere films which prevent the accumulation of free water. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: It was shown that the major mode of action of ethanol is mediated by its lethal effect on fungal inoculum. Because ethanol acts mainly on the cell membranes, it was possible to enhance its effect by lowering the concentration and elevating the temperature of the treatment. Another important development was the continuous protection of the treated bunches by modified atmosphere that can solve the problem of secondary or internal infection. From the practical standpoint, a variety of means were offered to enhance the effect of the treatment and to offer a viable alternative to SO2 which could be instantly adopted by the industry with a special benefit to growers of organic grapes.
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