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Faggioni, Francesca, Marco Valerio Rossi y Andrea Sestino. "Supply Chain Resilience in the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Qualitative Analysis from Scholarly and Managerial Perspectives". International Journal of Business and Management 18, n.º 1 (26 de enero de 2023): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v18n1p129.
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This paper aims to collect evidence from Global Supply Chains (SCs) actors in the pharmaceutical sector to understand how they define a resilient supply chain and what are the main resilience elements useful to measure the degree of resilience of a supply chain considering the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic period. In doing so, our purpose is to make a comparison between the two categories and uncover on which supply chain resilience-related topics there is agreement or not. Through a qualitative research design, a two-round focus group was conducted with supply chain players that represent different nodes along the chain (e.g., as for supplier, manufacturers, service providers, CMO). Key findings, related to the conducted discussions among the focus group, show how managers appreciate and agree comprehensive supply chain resilience definitions provided by extant literature. Nonetheless, although there is a general agreement on some recent definitions, managers asserted that some key resilience elements are currently missing in those definitions, regarding human resources and technology roles in enhancing the resilience of supply chains. In addition, supply chain resilience elements considered most important by managers of the pharmaceutical supply chain are adaptability, flexibility, agility, and collaboration.
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Chen, Liang Tu. "Collaborative Pricing and Service Level for a Supply Chain". Advanced Materials Research 629 (diciembre de 2012): 920–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.629.920.
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This study aims at dealing with the collaborative pricing and service level joint decision problem for a supply chain with one supplier and one buyer in a multi-period finite horizon. The study derives analytic solutions under wholesale-price-only and consignment agreements for the decentralized supply chain with shortages allowed and completely backlogged. The analysis shows that the consignment agreement can significantly achieve higher channel-wide profit and service level than the wholesale-price-only agreement.
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Rojas Palacios, Margy Nathalia, Diego León Peña Orozco y Jesús Gonzalez-Feliu. "Backup Agreement as a Coordination Mechanism in a Decentralized Fruit Chain in a Developing Country". Games 13, n.º 3 (29 de abril de 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g13030036.
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This paper aims to analyze the impacts of a backup agreement contract on the performance of a small agricultural producers’ citrus supply chain. A backup agreement contract, which ensures for each echelon that a quantity of products will be bought independently of real demand, is proposed to coordinate a three-echelon supply chain, aimed at improving income. After presenting an overview of the literature that shows various coordination mechanisms but no backup agreement proposals for supply chain coordination, this paper develops a decentralized three-echelon supply chain facing stochastic customer demand and includes the backup agreement as a coordination mechanism to guarantee a balanced relationship between the chain members. The model is tested in a real case study in Colombia, and a sensitivity analysis is provided. Results show that a backup agreement contract coordinates the small agricultural producers’ supply chain and improves income for each echelon, especially for the small producer. However, the economic mechanism complexity can limit coordination among echelons, mainly because of a lack of trust and consolidated supply capacity from small farmers. The foregoing requires the development of an associative structure by small producers, which is proposed as future research work.
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Susanawati, Yuli Tri Novita Sari, Muhammad Fauzan y Juwaidah Sharifuddin. "Supply chain management of red chili based on the food supply chain network in Yogyakarta Indonesia". E3S Web of Conferences 316 (2021): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131601010.
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This study aims to describe the relationship structure of the red chili supply chain from Kulonprogo to Jakarta and analyze the supply chain management of red chili based on the Food Supply Chain Network (FSCN). A sampling of red chili farmers was carried out in stages, obtaining 80 people. Meanwhile, the sampling of chain actors after farmers used the snowball sampling technique, resulting in 68 people. The supply chain relationship structure of red chili was analyzed descriptively, whereas supply chain management of red chili was analyzed using an FSCN approach. The results revealed that the red chili supply chain structure was formed by three chains consisting of eight actors. All chain actors entered into an unwritten agreement, except for actors in the auction markets. The transaction system employed the scale and payment methods with a delay system. In addition, government support was only provided in the upstream sub-system. Supply chain collaboration that occurred was the mutual openness and reciprocal relationship. The majority of chain actors had utilized communication media of mobile phones, although few of them made transactions by coming directly to the purchase location. The material communicated was related to price, quality, quantity, and time of payment.
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Rosadi, Sri Hardianti, Fitry Purnamasari y Hasnah Hasnah. "ANALYSIS OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN OF CAYENNE PEPPER IN SOUTH SULAWESI". Agribusiness Journal 4, n.º 1 (21 de octubre de 2021): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31327/aj.v4i1.1535.
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This study aims analyzing supplay chain maps and activities in the cayenne pepper inSouth Sulawesi. This research was conducted in Enrekang Regency with the number ofrespondents as many as 5 farmers and traders. This study uses the is qualitativeresearch with naturalistic research methods which are natural research. The resultsshowed that Supply chain mechanism for cayenne pepper in South Sulawesi, startingfrom the flow of products from farmers, village collectors, wholesalers, inter-islandtraders to retailers. The flow of information on the supply chain of cayenne pepper iswell integrated between actors in the supply chain, while the flow of money occurs inaccordance with the agreement of actors in the supply chain. And Supply chain activitiesconsist of two actors in the supply chain, namely the main and supporting actors. Themain actors consist of farmers, village collectors, wholesalers, inter-city traders andretailers. Meanwhile, the supporting actors consist of agricultural extension agents,farmer groups, the Agriculture Service, Agribusiness Sub-Terminal, farmer shops, farmlaborers, inter-island traders, and consumers.
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Bingzhang, Li y Vladimir Zirianov. "Blockchain in agricultural supply chain management". E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 08029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127308029.
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The problem of minimizing the number of intermediaries in the supply chain is long overdue in the logistics industry. How to carry out logistics operations without the participation of a large number of intermediaries, whose main task is to guarantee the transaction and document flow? Is this possible with Blockchain technology? While this technology is still evolving, there are still many challenges that remain to be addressed. One of the main challenges in implementing this technology in logistics is to reach agreement on its use among all stakeholders. When interaction between different stakeholders in the supply chain with different interests is achieved, then the full potential of this technology to improve the efficiency of logistics processes will be revealed. This will facilitate the emergence of new business models and processes in global trade logistics and increase transparency in the supply chain. Smart contracts with embedded business rules promise not only to reduce transaction costs but to create more agile value chains that enable closer cooperation.
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Ahmed Khamis al Naqbi, Rashid, Rosman Bin MD Yusoff y Fadillah Binti Ismail. "Supply Chain integration and Sustainable supply chain performance: A case of Manufacturing firms from UAE". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 4.7 (27 de septiembre de 2018): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.7.23041.
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Sustainability is becoming a more important factor in the processes of organizations. Supply chains management (SCM) has acknowledged a great deal of interest by researchers and practitioners. The primary objective of the current research paper is to examine the relationship between internal integration and sustainable supply chain performance. In addition to that, the study has focused on the mediating effect of supplier integration and customer integration in the relationship between key between internal integration and sustainable supply chain performance. The study focuses on manufacturing enterprises of UAE under subject investigation and its relationship with sustainability goals. A detailed literature has been reviewed critically to develop the hypothesis of the study. A questionnaire survey was adopted to collect data from supply chain managers of manufacturing companies. Smart PLS 3 (SEM) is used to analyze the collected data. The results of the study have shown a great deal of agreement with the proposed hypothesis. Analysis of the study is divided into two major parts. Part one is based on an outer model assessment in which reliability and validity were examined. The second part is based on an inner model assessment in which hypotheses were tested. The result of the study will be useful for policymakers and researchers in understanding the emerging role of environmental concerns in strategic management and operational management.
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Kozák, Tamás y Éva Fenyvesi. "New application of game theory in supply chain management". Multidiszciplináris kihívások, sokszínű válaszok, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2022): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33565/mksv.2022.01.04.
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Game theory has become an essential tool in the analysis of supply chains with multiple players who often have different interests. In this study, we use the game theory to examine the possibility of decision optimization and achieving equilibrium in the operation of the supply chain. Our goal is to determine the optimal agreement between the wholesaler and the retailer(s) to minimize the total cost in the supply chain in the given situation. The research method used in the study enriches the literature on the topic by linking the minimization of costs not to abstract evaluation metrics but to the stock order item size often calculated in real business as well. This facilitates the interpretation of the strategies and decision motivations used by the members of the supply chain.
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Haryono, Haryono y Dwi Iryaning Handayani. "Pemodelan Sistem Traceability Halal Supply Chain dalam menjaga Integritas Produk Makanan Halal Dengan Pendekatan Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)". PROZIMA (Productivity, Optimization and Manufacturing System Engineering) 2, n.º 2 (25 de junio de 2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/prozima.v2i2.2196.
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Fraud of fake halal label products does not open halal production processes about the supply chain from upstream to downstream. Therefore, in product integrity agreements, it is necessary to implement traceability in the food supply chain as an effective tool in ensuring product halalness and ensuring food products are safe. Therefore, this study tries to make a model of halal Supply Chain Traceability in the integrity agreement of halal food products. The method used in modeling the halal supply chain traceability system using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). Elements of a halal supply chain tracking system, in addition to halal procurement, halal manufacturing, halal logistics, halal distribution, supplier traceability, producer traceability, logistics traceability, distribution traceability. ISM Modeling results in the integration of halal products are located in Quadran IV Driver Power with halal manufacturing, producer traceability, supplier traceability, Quadran III Strong-Very Driver Depends on Variables (Linkage), Traceability system elements of the halal supply chain that are in accordance with this Quadran will be sought integrity of halal products and has strong advantages as a driver, this quadrant contains halal procurement, traceability distribution, halal logistics. Whereas the halal supply chain traceability system that is not related to the integrity of halal products comes in. Quadran II Driver Power namely: halal logistics and distribution traceability.
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Anastasiadis, Foivos, Ioanna Apostolidou y Anastasios Michailidis. "Food Traceability: A Consumer-Centric Supply Chain Approach on Sustainable Tomato". Foods 10, n.º 3 (5 de marzo de 2021): 543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030543.
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Technological advances result in new traceability configurations that, however, cannot always secure transparency and food safety. Even in cases where a system guarantees transparency, the actual consumer involvement and a real consumer-based perspective cannot always be ensured. The importance of such consumer centricity is vital, since it is strongly associated with effective supply chains that properly fulfil their end-users’ needs and requests. Thus, the objective of this paper was to explore the level of consumer centricity in food supply chains under a traceability system. The methodological approach employed a framework of two studies validating subsequently a similar set of variables, using initially consumers data and then supply chain actors data. The supply chain of sustainable tomato was selected to design the studies. The level of agreement between datasets suggested the level of the supply chain consumer centricity. Findings showed health, trust, quality, nutrition, and safety-related values to be significant for the consumers towards accepting a traceability system. The supply chain actors also accepted a traceability system based on the fact that their customers’ needs rely on the exact same beliefs, indicating a high level of consumer centricity. The current work underlines the magnitude of consumer centricity in food supply chains and provides an easy and straightforward framework for its exploration. Key implications suggest the design of more effective supply chain and consumer-based strategies for the food industry. Policymakers could also adopt the concept of consumer centricity to further improve the food industry.
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Kafeero, Edward. "Profiting from the Authorized Economic Operator Paradigm in the Era of Global Value Chains: A Conceptual and Legal Analysis". International Conference on Advances in Business, Management and Law (ICABML) 2017 1, n.º 1 (24 de diciembre de 2017): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30585/icabml-cp.v1i1.38.
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This paper analyses the conceptual and legal development of the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) paradigm over the past three decades. Compliance management, supply chain security and trade facilitation are found to be the underlying objectives behind AEO programs. The paper examines the dynamics of global value chains (GVCs) and concludes that AEO programs are beneficial to GVCs. The Revised Kyoto Convention, The SAFE Framework of Standards and the Trade Facilitation Agreement are identified as the basic international legal (and regulatory) framework that guides AEO programs.
Key words: Authorized Economic Operator; Global Value Chains; Supply Chain Security; Trade Facilitation; Customs Compliance Management.
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Norpoth, Johannes, Markus Kaltenborn y Carina Neset. "Implementation of the H&M Global Framework Agreement in Cambodia: Producing Outcomes for Industrial Democracy Despite a Challenging Context?" International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 36, Issue 2 (1 de junio de 2020): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2020010.
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Global Framework Agreements (GFAs) are expected to be a more effective instrument for safeguarding collective labour rights in global supply chains than the unilateral instruments of private regulation adopted previously. The direct involvement of global union federations as contractual partners has significant potential in this regard. However, the effects of GFAs in supply chains have so far been under-researched. Since the exercise of collective labour rights is often prevented or undermined in producer countries of the Global South, and global supply chains are characterized by unstable and volatile relationships between global brands and local suppliers, the effective local implementation of GFAs faces particular challenges. Against this background, this article provides a qualitative analysis of expert interviews to examine how the implementation of the GFA of the global fashion brand H&M in Cambodia has influenced power relations between key stakeholders in the Cambodian garment industry and to what extent the agreement contributes to promoting ‘industrial democracy’ in the H&M supply chain in Cambodia. Platform Work, Temporary Agency Work, Temporary Agency Work Directive, Atypical Employment
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Ren, Jin Yu, Yong Xian Liu y Peng Fei Zeng. "A Multi-Retailer Decentralized Supply Chain Coordination Based on Revenue-Sharing Contracts". Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (octubre de 2014): 1587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.1587.
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To a decentralized supply chain system consisting of a manufacturer and multiple independent retailers, the game models about the decentralized solution and centralized solution are developed. Comparison of the optimal solutions to two models reveals that the supply chain needs coordination. Then a coordination model on the revenue-sharing contracts is introduced. Finally, a numerical example shows that the perfect supply chain coordination and the flexible allocation of the profit can be achieved when a complementary profit-sharing agreement is included.
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Feng, Siyi, Myles Patton y Diane E. Burgess. "Willingness of beef finishers to participate in supply chain collaborations". British Food Journal 121, n.º 2 (4 de febrero de 2019): 505–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2017-0723.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that influence beef farmers’ willingness to participate in supply chain collaboration initiatives and to identify attributes in formal and non-formal agreements that would encourage or discourage participation. Design/methodology/approach A face-to-face survey containing a choice experiment was carried out. Respondents were selected using stratified sampling among beef finishers in Northern Ireland. Logistic regressions were employed to examine the factors associated with willingness and agreement attributes. Findings Larger and more specialised farms, as well as farmers with higher education attainment are shown to be more likely to participate in collaboration arrangements with downstream buyers. The choice experiment results suggest that farmers are in general willing to fulfil some feeding requirements in order to earn a premium, while a minimum price guarantee is not attractive. The positive valuation of data sharing between farms and abattoirs is found specifically among farmers with higher qualifications. Although education is shown to have positive impacts on both participation in collaboration agreements and the valuation of contract attributes, the level of education associated with the positive impacts differ. In addition, farmers who have enroled in agri-environmental schemes view the requirement of a written contract more favourably than those who have not. Originality/value The study adds to the understanding of how beef farmers view participation within supply chain collaborations and also how the potential features of the collaboration relate to characteristics of farmers and their farms.
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Kaewngam, Attiyaporn, Pinanta Chatwattana y Pallop Piriyasurawong. "Supply Chain Management Model in Digital Quality Assurance for ASEAN University Network Quality Assurance (AUN-QA)". Higher Education Studies 9, n.º 4 (31 de agosto de 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/hes.v9n4p12.
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This research aims were to (1) design the supply chain management model in digital quality assurance for ASEAN quality assurance network (AUN-QA), and (2) assess the suitability of the supply chain management model. The sample group consisted of five experts in the field of information technology and communication for education and quality assurance of the ASEAN university network. Data analysis was the average mean and standard deviation. The research was found that (1) supply chain management model consists of six components: 1) Applicant, 2) University, 3) Graduate, 4) Employers, 5) Satisfaction, and 6) Feedback. (2) The results from experts agreement of the supply chain management model was a high level. It showed that the supply chain management model could be used to develop digital quality assurance for AUN-QA.
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Wang, Liang y Guiru Wang. "Optimal Valuation of Retailer Equity Financing Based on Gambling Agreements in Centralized Supply Chain". Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (26 de septiembre de 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7226487.
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This paper explores the issue of optimal valuation of retailer equity financing based on gambling agreements in a centralized supply chain. Firstly, the betting target settings are classified into three cases: high, medium, and low. Secondly, the optimal valuation models for retailer equity financing in a centralized supply chain without and with introducing a gambling agreement are constructed separately. Finally, this paper clarifies the relationships among factors such as the betting transfer share ratio, ordering price, and optimal valuation level through simulation analysis. The results illustrate the following: (i) There is always an only optimal valuation level and optimal effort level that makes the retailer and supplier might reach an equity financing agreement. (ii) When the betting target is set too high, the betting transfer share ratio varies in the same direction as the optimal valuation level and the opposite direction as the optimal effort level. (iii) When the betting target is set moderately or too low, the betting transfer share ratio has an inverse relationship with the optimal valuation level. However, the retailer will increase its effort level at this time. (iv) In addition, the optimal valuation level is affected by the retailer’s firm growth and ordering price.
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Zanoni, Simone y Mohamad Y. Jaber. "A two-level supply chain with consignment stock agreement and stock-dependent demand". International Journal of Production Research 53, n.º 12 (17 de noviembre de 2014): 3561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2014.980012.
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Maysaroh, Maysaroh, Heru Irianto y Raden Kunto Adi. "Supply Chain Management Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculenta) di Agroindustri Tiwul Instan Kabupaten Gunungkidul". Agriecobis : Journal of Agricultural Socioeconomics and Business 1, n.º 2 (3 de noviembre de 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/agriecobis.vol1.no2.45-57.
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This research aims to know: supply chain management; supply chain management model; and supply chain performance of cassava in tiwul instan agroindustry, Gunungkidul Regency. This research is a descriptive study. The location of the research is determine by purposive method. Data analysis method is descriptive using Food Supply Chain Network approach (Vorst) while the supply chain performance is measured by marketing margin and farmer’s share calculation. The result of this research shows that supply chain of cassava in tiwul instan agroindustry choose the domestic market as the target market while the development target of this supply chain is improvement in technology, coordination and collaboration, and the procurenment of formal contract agreement among the chain members. Cooperation is conducted by the basic of oral contract among the chain members, the transcation system is done in cash, and there has been government support such as capital aid, equipment, and training of human resource development. The management model of supply chain consist of farmer, collectors, market traders, and tiwul instan agroindustry as the chain members whom performing different activities depending on the input and the output. The most efficient channels is SC4 (farmer (gaplek) à market trader (gaplek) à tiwul instan agroindustry). SC4 is efficient because it has a relatively low marketing margin, relatively high farmer’s share and higher benefit and cost ratio than other channels.
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Amelia, P., B. Wirjodirdjo y R. S. Dewi. "Potential Research of Horizontal Collaboration for Food Supply Chain". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 977, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2022): 012072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/977/1/012072.
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Abstract FAO data predicts that the world’s population will be around 9.7 billion in 2050. This number could increase demand for a food product. In addition, farmers are responsible to provide the market demand but there are various constrain to full the food product. Modern, food supply chains require multi-tier supply chain operations for transferring the product and information quickly and accurately. Using the horizontal collaboration, partner could make the agreement for the resource and resource sharing for increasing the demand fulfilment. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to give a summary of academic works on horizontal collaboration in the food supply chain. The methodology for this research is using systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis method. The first step is searching criteria and sourcing the identification. The next step is to use the VOS viewer software and extract data from the Scopus database from 2000 to 2021. The final step is analysis data and interpretation. The analysis of this research will find topic initiatives of high relevance and significance for the future. The findings are useful in understanding the major group of literature review and the possible future direction in which they could evolve.
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Shoeleh, Razieh, Mehdi Seifbarghy y Davar Pishva. "Modelling pricing, vertical co-op advertising and quality improvement in a non-cooperative three-echelon supply chain using game theory approach". RAIRO - Operations Research 53, n.º 5 (noviembre de 2019): 1937–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2018109.
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Vertical cooperative (co-op) advertising is one of the well-known mechanisms for coordination of supply chains. Vertical co-op advertising is a financial agreement in which a member of the chain pays certain percentage (i.e. cooperation rate) of a subsequent member’s advertisement cost. Since increasing the number of echelons and decision variables in supply chain problems increase the modelling and computational complexity, most researchers study vertical co-op advertising in a two-level supply chain including a manufacturer and a retailer. This paper investigates the problem by considering price and quality levels as additional decision variables in a three-echelon supply chain consisting of one supplier, one manufacturer, and one retailer. The ultimate goal is to show supply chain managers the importance of product quality as well the role of local advertisement in positively influencing market demand on top of the traditional approach of speed and efficiency optimization. Using game theory approach, power of the manufacturer is assumed to be higher than or equal to those of others in the chain. Five different relationships between players are considered in five non-cooperative games (named as G1–G5) and equilibrium solutions are extracted for each. The results show that the manufacturer prefers to play Stackelberg with the retailer and the supplier rather than be in conflict with them in Nash game. Such preference can lead manufacturer towards high quality and cost-efficient product/service via efficient advertisement in our complex network of business firms.
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Bragadeesh, Srinivasan Ananthanarayanan y Arumugam Umamakeswari. "Development of a reliable supply chain system using blockchain". Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, n.º 6 (4 de diciembre de 2020): 8377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189156.
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Traceability and food quality are significant challenges in realizing a reliable food supply chain. The reliability of data in supply chains is one of the critical factors. Ensuring transparency, integrity, and availability is the primary requirement for establishing a proper supply chain network. Blockchain is a distributed structure of immutable records that are chained together to form blocks. It provides a guarantee of storing the data correctly and reliably. Smart contracts, which are self-executing contracts containing the terms of the agreement between the entities involved, provide utility for automation of reputation calculation with the transactions. Reputation systems allow participants to rate each other, thus building trust through reputation. The present reputation systems have bounded scrutiny and lack granularity; hence they are not ideal for supply chains. In this work, we propose a reliable supply chain framework using blockchain and smart contracts. It uses a consortium blockchain network to trace communication between the participants and to calculate reputation scores dynamically. Rewards and penalties are assigned to the participants of the supply chain network based on the food product quality involved in the trade. The network participants have defined roles and the access permissions govern who can access the ledger. An immutable ledger stores all the transactions occurring in the network. Any change in one block will reflect in the consecutive blocks, which ensures the data is reliable and secure. The proposed system is implemented using Hyperledger Composer. The proposed framework is evaluated in terms of throughput and latency for varying asset size and batch size using the benchmarking tool Caliper. Results show that the security and reliability provided by the proposed framework justify the overheads in contrast to a trading model that does not include a blockchain network.
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Amentae, Tadesse Kenea, Tura Kaso Hamo, Girma Gebresenbet y David Ljungberg. "Exploring Wheat Value Chain Focusing on Market Performance, Post-Harvest loss, and Supply Chain Management in Ethiopia: The Case of Arsi to Finfinnee Market Chain". Journal of Agricultural Science 9, n.º 8 (18 de julio de 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n8p22.
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In this study the wheat value chain from one of the highest wheat producing areas in Ethiopia (Arsi zone of Oromia region) to central markets in Finfinnee/Addis Ababa was assessed focusing on market performance, post-harvest losses, and the potential of supply chain management to improve the chain.Value chain analysis, questionnaire-based loss estimations, Tobit model for loss factor determination, structure-conduct-performance (S-C-P), four firm concentration ratio (CR4), market and profit margins, and theory of supply chain management were used to evaluate the wheat value chain. Primary data were collected using a semi-structured survey questionnaire and interview of key informants. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Tobit model in SPSS and Excel software.The study identified producers and their cooperatives, collectors, wholesalers, retailers, and processors as primary actors. At these stages of the wheat chain, post-harvest losses reported were 21%, 3%, 4%, 6%, and 5%, respectively. With the highest loss happening at producers’ stage, this stage was identified as loss-hot-spot point. The Ethiopian Grain Trade Enterprise was also identified as main actor connecting the flow of wheat between producers and consumers occasionally. An increase in a quintal of wheat production, bad storage facilities, and weather conditions caused in an increase in post-harvest losses of 5.18, 4.06 and 1.36 Kgs per quintal, respectively, at 1% statistical significance.The assessed wheat value chain was characterized by unfair share of benefit among the chain actors. The producers who were in a position of adding the highest portion of value to the wheat received only 16% of the profit margin. The traders jointly and processors shared 33% and 51% of the profit margin, respectively. The CR4 assessments in the major wheat markets along the chain noted that with CR4 in Etaya (26.8), Asala (37.7), Adama (41.4), and Finfinnee (42.8), the wheat markets near the producers were more competitive than the central ones. Assessment on the degree of clearness noted that for 54% of the chain actors, it was very difficult to get reliable information about the whole wheat market along the chain. Licensing procedure, capital, and competitions were reported as barriers to wheat market entry.For all producers, retailers, and collectors on agreement with their suppliers, the only means of agreement in doing business with their transaction partners were spot-market. However, 63% and 16% of collectors had oral and written contractual agreements, respectively, with their buyers. 36% and 31% of wholesalers reported they had oral contracts with their suppliers and buyers, respectively; 18% and 12% of them had written contracts with suppliers and buyers, respectively. Similarly, 42% and 9% of the processors had oral agreement with their suppliers and buyers while 23% and 27% of them had written contract agreement with their suppliers and buyers, respectively.The study noted that the wheat chain assessed was characterized by disintegrated chain where businesses were self-oriented and mutualism has not well-developed. Working towards supply chain management and relational view of business has been recommended based on the problems identified in the study.
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Tarr, David y Jesper Jensen. "A Vision for Ukraine in the World Economy". Journal of World Trade 48, Issue 4 (1 de agosto de 2014): 795–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2014026.
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Two regional trade agreements have been at the centre of attention in Ukraine: the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA) with the EU and the Russia-led Eurasian Customs Union (ECU). Arguably they were the source of the fall of the Yanukovych government and the hostilities in Eastern Ukraine in the spring and summer of 2014. This article argues that a trade policy that is global in perspective and the lowering of trade costs are critical for Ukraine, and that efforts should centre on addressing specific policy areas that negatively affect trade with both customs unions. Ukraine could propose the creation of a number of 'supply chain councils' organized around the major export sectors for Ukraine, the ECU countries as well as the EU. The councils would have a mandate to identify the most important sources of supply chain inefficiencies as well as actions to resolve them. Such an approach would help to rebuild trust between Ukraine and Russia after the cessation of hostilities and help to assure Russia that the DCFTA is not an anti-Russian agreement.
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Schloetzer, Jason D. "Process Integration and Information Sharing in Supply Chains". Accounting Review 87, n.º 3 (1 de enero de 2012): 1005–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-10216.
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ABSTRACT This study examines whether the potential for hold-up in supply chains influences the extent of process integration and information sharing between partners. The analysis uses performance scorecards and financial performance data collected from a major manufacturer regarding its contractual arrangements with 156 distributors. I find that distributors engage in less extensive process integration and information sharing with the manufacturer as the potential for hold-up increases, measured by the asymmetry of interdependence between partners. I also find that distributors engage in more extensive process integration and information sharing as the potential for hold-up decreases, measured by the magnitude of interdependence between partners. Additional evidence shows that more extensive process integration and information sharing have favorable financial performance implications for supply chain partners and enhance the likelihood of distributor contract renewal. Overall, the results indicate that the potential for hold-up can restrict the performance benefits available to partners from developing more extensive supply chain integration practices. Data Availability: A confidentiality agreement restricts data availability. Some data have been modified by a common factor to preserve research site confidentiality.
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Marchi, Beatrice, Simone Zanoni y Mohamad Y. Jaber. "Improving Supply Chain Profit through Reverse Factoring: A New Multi-Suppliers Single-Vendor Joint Economic Lot Size Model". International Journal of Financial Studies 8, n.º 2 (9 de abril de 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs8020023.
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Supply chain finance has been gaining attention in theory and practice. A company’s financial position affects its performance and survivability in dynamic and volatile markets. Those that have weak financial performance are vulnerable when operating in environments that are uncertain and financially unstable. Companies adopt various solutions and techniques to manage, effectively and efficiently, the flow of money to and from its suppliers and buyers. Reverse factoring is an innovative technique in supply chain financing. This paper develops a joint economic lot size model where a vendor coordinates operational and financial decisions with its multiple suppliers through the establishment of a reverse factoring arrangement. The creditworthy vendor systematically informs a financial institution (e.g., bank) of payment obligations to selected suppliers, enabling the latter to borrow against the value of the relevant accounts receivable at low interest (borrowing) rates. The paper also presents a numerical example and a sensitivity analysis to illustrate the behavior of the model and to compare the economic and operational performance of a supply chain with and without a reverse factoring agreement. The results show that the establishment of a reverse factoring agreement within the supply chain improves the economic performance and impacts on the operational decisions.
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Patel, Ankit R., Dhaval R. Vyas, Anilkumar Markana y Raja Jayaraman. "A Conceptual Model for Integrating Sustainable Supply Chain, Electric Vehicles, and Renewable Energy Sources". Sustainability 14, n.º 21 (4 de noviembre de 2022): 14484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114484.
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The effects of climate change can be seen immediately in ecosystems. Recent events have resulted in a commitment to the Paris Agreement for the reduction of carbon emissions by a significant amount by the year 2030. Rapid urbanisation is taking place to provide room for an increasing number of people’s residences. Increasing the size of a city and the number of people living there creates a daily need for consumable resources. In the areas of transportation, supply chains, and the utilisation of renewable energy sources, deliver on pledges that promote the accomplishment of the Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations. As a result, the supply chain needs to be handled effectively to meet the requirements of growing cities. Management of the supply chain should be in harmony with the environment; nevertheless, the question of how to manage a sustainable supply chain without having an impact on the environment is still mostly understood. The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model that may be used to maintain a sustainable supply chain with electric vehicles in such a way that caters to both environmental concerns and human requirements. As part of the continual process of achieving sustainability, interrelationships between the various aspects that are being investigated, comprehended, and applied are provided by the model that was developed. It is self-evident that governmental and international organisations that are concerned with supply-demand side information will benefit from such a model, and these organisations will locate viable solutions in accordance with the model’s recommendations. Beneficiaries consist of individuals who are active in the supply chain and are concerned with supply-demand side information. These individuals also need to understand how to effectively manage this information.
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Sutopo, Wahyudi, Ayu Erliza y Arien Heryansyah. "Optimizing Supply Chain Collaboration Based on Agreement Buyer-Supplier Relationship with Network Design Problem". Makara Journal of Technology 20, n.º 3 (28 de diciembre de 2016): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/mst.v20i3.3064.
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Khan, Mehmood, Mohamad Y. Jaber, Simone Zanoni y Lucio Zavanella. "Vendor managed inventory with consignment stock agreement for a supply chain with defective items". Applied Mathematical Modelling 40, n.º 15-16 (agosto de 2016): 7102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2016.02.035.
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Kim, Min-Jae. "A Study on the improvement of GVC Competitiveness and Value Chain Upgrading through RCEP Agreement: Focusing on Rules of Origins". Korean Academy Of International Commerce 37, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2022): 301–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18104/kaic.2022.37.2.301.
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Purpose : This study analyzes how the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) acts as a driving force for value chain upgrading and how it will affect Korea's global value chain (GVC) competitiveness and stabilization of the supply chain.
Research design, data and methodology : The number of items per country under the rules of origin under the RCEP and ASEAN+1 FTAs is analyzed. Unification of the rules of origin is analyzed through each FTA standard. A literature review on accumulation is conducted.
Results : A unified standard can be achieved for the rules of origin under the RCEP that facilitates exports and stabilizes the supply chain in 15 countries. Through accumulation, the effect of regional exports and market advancement can be seen in small and medium-sized export companies, which was impossible with individual FTA networks.
Conclusions : All of these ultimately converge on efficient and stable imports and exports, and are based on the establishment of a more diversified trade structure and value chain upgrading that maximizes trade profits.
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Nagao, Takaki, Hiromasa Ijuin, Tetsuo Yamada, Keisuke Nagasawa y Lei Zhou. "COVID-19 Disruption Strategy for Redesigning Global Supply Chain Network across TPP Countries". Logistics 6, n.º 1 (24 de diciembre de 2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/logistics6010002.
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Background: COVID-19 has disrupted and adversely affected supply chains worldwide. A global supply chain network that considers disruptions is needed. This study strategically analyzes the economic and structural effects of disruption on a global supply chain network with customs duty and the trans-pacific partnership (TPP) agreement. Methods: We present a cost minimization model which helps in understanding the difficulty of supplying materials or products to factories or customers if the supplier’s cities are facing disruption. This enables us to model and evaluate simultaneous considerations of supplier disruption, customs duty, and TPP in redesigning a global supply chain network. This network is modeled and formulated using integer programming, disruption scenarios, and a sensitivity analysis for customs duty. Results: Regarding the impact of disruptions on suppliers, two patterns emerge in the reconfigured network: direct changes due to supplier disruptions and indirect changes due to factory relocation. The sensitivity analysis for customs duty shows that the TPP has a positive impact on cost maintained, even in the presence of disruptions. Conclusions: Suppliers should be switched depending on the scale of disruption; when many distant suppliers need to be switched, the factory should be relocated to the country where these suppliers are located.
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Imran, Supriyo y Ria Indriani. "Cattle Supply Chain Transformation during Covid-19 Pandemic". Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 4, n.º 4 (4 de diciembre de 2022): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2022.4.4.29.
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Beef cattle are a source of food for basic human needs, and their fulfillment is a part of the human rights of every Indonesian individual. The amount of beef consumption and production will potentially change along with the increasing number of cases of the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the transformation of the beef supply chain during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study was conducted from June to August 2020 in Gorontalo regency. The data analysis used descriptive analysis, marketing margin, and breeder's share. The study showed that there are six distribution channels for cattle and beef cattle in Gorontalo regency, one of which are Channel: Breeder-Collector-Kalimantan Island. During the Covid-19 pandemic, there had been a change in this channel, namely Breeder-Collector - PT. Rizki Mandiri-Social Assistance. Neither the delivery time nor the quota sent can be precisely predicted. The only weakness is there is no written agreement at the breeders’ level. The information on the price is not well integrated. The number of slaughtered or sold cattle was higher before the pandemic than that during the pandemic. On the other side, the prices for beef cattle and beef have increased during the Covid-19 pandemic. Of all the beef cattle distribution channels, channel 1 has the largest marketing margin value at IDR 5,500,000/head, and the smallest farmer's share is 38.8 percent.
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Sun, Zhi Sheng. "Study of Enterprise Strategic Combination in Jinan-Dezhou Regional Based on Supply Chain Partnership". Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (enero de 2012): 568–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.568.
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Under background of economic globalization, urban and the local competition will be inflected on the regional economy integration’s advancement and the level. On the respect of region cooperation, Shandong Province proposes the policy to construct the central urban circle which is centered on Jinan. Therefore, it is necessary to speed up to sign the agreement “Jinan-Dezhou with the city” .The formation of Jinan-Dezhou with the city must be economy integration of two cites firstly. This paper focuses on coal industry which can cause fast fusion of two cities’ economy in the energy field, because the coal industry is the life gate to the Jinan Major industry’s development, simultaneously it is also Dezhou city’s superior industry. Moreover, these enterprises base on the same supply chain, and they can reach the cooperative agreement or form strategy combination quickly. When discussing concrete questions, the paper applies analysis to the coal enterprise. First, it elaborates significance of the physical distribution enterprise's conformity under the supply chain pattern. Next, it states inevitability of the supply chain strategy choice of coal group enterprise conformity under the market mechanism. Then, it proposes the “three centralisms” management pattern in the coal group enterprise. Last, it designs the supplied chain management pattern in the coal group business events flow.
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Jermsittiparsert, Kittisak y Supamit Srisawat. "COMPLEXITIES IN A FLEXIBLE SUPPLY CHAIN AND THE ROLE OF KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER". Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, n.º 2 (20 de agosto de 2019): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7263.
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Purpose: The current study is interested in exploring the nexus between product complexities, external and internal knowledge and supply chain flexibility of Indonesian manufacturing firms.
Methodology: The study has employed the knowledge-based view to conceptualize the relationship between product complexities, external and internal knowledge and supply chain flexibility of Indonesian manufacturing firms. The complexity of manufacturing flexibility has made this concept difficult to comprehend yet delimit. To date, agreement on how to practice this concept has not yet been resolved. Employing the survey-based methodology, the SEM-PLS technique is used to test the hypothesized relationships. So, the current study has used SEM-PLS as a statistical tool to answer the research questions raised in this study and research objectives envisaged in the current study.
Results: The findings of the study have provided support to the theoretical foundation and proposed hypothesis of the current study. Current study will be helpful for policymakers and practitioners in understanding the issues related to supply chain risk, supply chain integration and supply chain agility. In the author's knowledge this is among very few pioneering studies on this issue.
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Taleizadeh, Ata Allah, Mahsa Noori-Daryan y Shib Sankar Sana. "Manufacturing and selling tactics for a green supply chain under a green cost sharing and a refund agreement". Journal of Modelling in Management 15, n.º 4 (13 de febrero de 2020): 1419–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-01-2019-0016.
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Purpose This paper aims to deal with optimal pricing and production tactics for a bi-echelon green supply chain, including a producer and a vendor in presence of three various scenarios. Demand depends on a price, refund and quality where the producer controls quality and the vendor proposes a refund policy to purchasers to encourage them to order more. Design/methodology/approach In the first scenario, the members seek to optimize their optimum decision variables under a centralized decision-making method while in the second scenario, a decentralized system is assumed where the members make a decision about variables and profits under a non-cooperative game. In the third scenario, a cost-sharing agreement is concluded between the members to provide a high-quality item to the purchasers. Findings The performance of the proposed model is investigated by illustrating a numerical example. A sensitivity analysis of some key parameters has been done to study the effect of the changes on the optimal values of the decision variables and profits. From sensitivity analysis, the real features are observed and mentioned in this section. Originality/value This research examines the behavior of partners in a green supply chain facing with a group of purchasers whose demand is the function of a price, greenery degree and refund rate. This proposed mathematical model is developed and analyzed which has an implication in supply chain model.
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As'ad, Rami, Moncer Hariga y Osama Alkhatib. "Two stage closed loop supply chain models under consignment stock agreement and different procurement strategies". Applied Mathematical Modelling 65 (enero de 2019): 164–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2018.08.007.
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Chetthamrongchai, Paitoon y Kittisak Jermsittiparsert. "THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANUFACTURING FLEXIBILITY AND MANUFACTURING PERFORMANCE". Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, n.º 3 (25 de agosto de 2019): 728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.73104.
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Purpose: The current study is interested in exploring the nexus between manufacturing flexibility supply chain practices and manufacturing performance of Indonesian manufacturing firms. Multidimensionality of manufacturing flexibility within the function of manufacturing is generally accepted by past researchers and its importance honoured.
Methodology: Employing the survey-based methodology, the SEM-PLS technique is used to test the hypothesized relationships. So, the current study has used SEM-PLS as a statistical tool to answer the research questions raised in this study and research objectives envisaged in the current study.
Results: The complexity of manufacturing flexibility has made this concept difficult to comprehend yet delimit. To date, agreement on how to practice this concept has not yet been resolved. The findings of the study have provided support to the theoretical foundation and proposed hypothesis of the current study. Current study will be helpful for policymakers and practitioners in understanding the issues related to supply chain risk, supply chain integration and supply chain agility. In the author's knowledge this is among very few pioneering studies on this issue.
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Peterková Mitkidis, Kateřina. "Using Private Contracts for Climate Change Mitigation". Groningen Journal of International Law 2, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/5a86a7e10e001.
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Regulation of climate change is caught up in a stalemate. Differences between developed and developing countries prevent reaching an international agreement. Transnational private regulation has unclear legitimacy, effectiveness and enforcement. National efforts are valuable, but their limited geographical reach creates incentives for companies to outsource environmentally heavy activities to countries with weaker regimes, the socalled “carbon leakage” effect. As a result the carbon emissions among international supply chains amount to multiple yearly emissions of some developed countries. This gap needs to be closed if we aim for effective global solutions to climate change. The majority of scholars agree that no single regulatory tool alone can remedy the situation, but that a combination of public and private, mandatory and voluntary regimes is necessary. The author proposes that supply chain contracts are the missing piece in the international climate change regulatory matrix. The article discusses why, despite their potential, supply chain contracts have hitherto experienced only little attention and why they can be successful where other regulation fails. It concludes that the potential of private contracting should be triggered by adequate regulation.
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Gulotty, Robert y Xiaojun Li. "Anticipating exclusion: Global supply chains and Chinese business responses to the Trans-Pacific Partnership". Business and Politics 22, n.º 2 (30 de julio de 2019): 253–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2019.8.
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AbstractPreferential trade agreements (PTAs) promise exclusive access for their members at the expense of excluded parties. But what does this exclusivity mean for firms in nonmember states if production networks are internationally organized? This paper analyzes the effect of PTA exclusion on firms embedded in the global supply chains, focusing on the case of China's exclusion from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Drawing on a survey of Chinese firm managers during the TPP negotiations, we find that productive and downstream firms anticipated the exclusion and made adjustments accordingly, which led to a general sense of optimism toward the agreement. When presented with the prospect of an expanded TPP, however, firms are divided depending on how their own positions in the global supply chain complement or compete with the new member. These findings, validated with interviews in the field, suggest that the effects of PTA exclusion depend on the ability and need for firms to adjust. As a result, exclusion does not equate to an unalloyed loss for excluded firms.
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Al Sadawi, Alia, Abdulrahim Shamayleh y Malick Ndiaye. "Efficient Dynamic Cost Scheduling Algorithm for Financial Data Supply Chain". Algorithms 14, n.º 7 (14 de julio de 2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14070211.
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The financial data supply chain is vital to the economy, especially for banks. It affects their customer service level, therefore, it is crucial to manage the scheduling of the financial data supply chain to elevate the efficiency of banking sectors’ performance. The primary tool used in the data supply chain is data batch processing which requires efficient scheduling. This work investigates the problem of scheduling the processing of tasks with non-identical sizes and different priorities on a set of parallel processors. An iterative dynamic scheduling algorithm (DCSDBP) was developed to address the data batching process. The objective is to minimize different cost types while satisfying constraints such as resources availability, customer service level, and tasks dependency relation. The algorithm proved its effectiveness by allocating tasks with higher priority and weight while taking into consideration customers’ Service Level Agreement, time, and different types of costs, which led to a lower total cost of the batching process. The developed algorithm proved effective by testing it on an illustrative network. Also, a sensitivity analysis is conducted by varying the model parameters for networks with different sizes and complexities to study their impact on the total cost and the problem under study.
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Helyanda, Muhammad aidi. "Avocado Supply Chain Analysis in Bandungan District, Semarang Regency". Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 9, n.º 2 (12 de noviembre de 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/ajip.v9i2.951.
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The research aims to analyze supply chain conditions and measure avocado marketing efficiency in Bandungan District, Semarang Regency. The research began in March ₋ June 2020. Methods of research used survey methods. The method of sampling farmers using the purposive sampling method, as much as 40 people. The sampling of marketing agencies was conducted by snowball sampling techniques. A total of 14 people consisted of Pegepul, wholesalers, and retailers. Primary data collection is done by interviews with respondents based on a prepared questionnaire. Data analysis methods used qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods and computation of marketing efficiency. The results showed that the condition of the avocado supply chain in Bandungan district was quite good. The target supply chain is clear, good supply chain structure, resources are adequate, although the implementation of management has not been said to be good, one of them because there is no contractual agreement between marketing institutions so that the amount of avocado sold can not be predicted. The supply chain business process indicates that the product flow in the avocado supply chain moves from the farmer to the consumer, the flow of information goes two-way, i.e. from farmer to consumer or vice versa and the financial flow is moving from consumer to farmer. In the business process, there is a slight obstacle because on the flow of avocado products and information is not yet well integrated, there is no definite cycle so that the delivery time or volume of production can not be predicted well. Marketing activities in the supply chain of the Bandungan district are quite efficient judging from the value of farmer's share (≥ 40%) And the value of the marketing margin of channels 1 Rp 11,800,-, Channel 2 Rp 11,374,-and channel 3 Rp 14,674,-.
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Clements, Michael Dj, David L. Dean y David A. Cohen. "Proposing an operational classification scheme for embryonic cooperative relationships". Journal of Management & Organization 13, n.º 1 (marzo de 2007): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200003904.
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AbstractSuccessful buyer/seller relationships have become recognised as essential for firms to remain competitive in the marketplace. Today's business climate encourages firms to not just compete on product or service attributes, but also on their ability to differentiate themselves from other firms. Supply chains provide firms this point of differentiation ensuring firms better competitive positioning as a result of being able to leverage themselves on the strengths of the supply chain, not just on the individual strengths of the firm. However, to maintain an effective role as a participant in a supply chain, firms must be able to develop and maintain cooperative relationships with other firms. In order to develop these relationships, firms need to be able to distinguish between different levels of relationship and be able to understand which relationships are worth developing further and which ones are not.Whilst supply chain literature acknowledges firm progression from transactional to relational exchange, there is less agreement of the number of levels of both buyer/seller relationships in this theoretical continuum. This article proposes a theoretical continuum of relationship levels based on cross discipline literature and identifies objective classification criteria for relationship levels from both the buyer and the seller. Economic, behavioural and relational research is collectively used to explain the complexity of the ever evolving nature of inter-firm relationships. The article concludes by establishing a research model that proposes these levels of relationships are identifiable for both the buyer and the seller.
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Clements, Michael Dj, David L. Dean y David A. Cohen. "Proposing an operational classification scheme for embryonic cooperative relationships". Journal of Management & Organization 13, n.º 1 (marzo de 2007): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2007.13.1.51.
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AbstractSuccessful buyer/seller relationships have become recognised as essential for firms to remain competitive in the marketplace. Today's business climate encourages firms to not just compete on product or service attributes, but also on their ability to differentiate themselves from other firms. Supply chains provide firms this point of differentiation ensuring firms better competitive positioning as a result of being able to leverage themselves on the strengths of the supply chain, not just on the individual strengths of the firm. However, to maintain an effective role as a participant in a supply chain, firms must be able to develop and maintain cooperative relationships with other firms. In order to develop these relationships, firms need to be able to distinguish between different levels of relationship and be able to understand which relationships are worth developing further and which ones are not.Whilst supply chain literature acknowledges firm progression from transactional to relational exchange, there is less agreement of the number of levels of both buyer/seller relationships in this theoretical continuum. This article proposes a theoretical continuum of relationship levels based on cross discipline literature and identifies objective classification criteria for relationship levels from both the buyer and the seller. Economic, behavioural and relational research is collectively used to explain the complexity of the ever evolving nature of inter-firm relationships. The article concludes by establishing a research model that proposes these levels of relationships are identifiable for both the buyer and the seller.
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Wang, Sheng-Pen y Wenyih Lee. "A note on ‘A two-level supply chain with consignment stock agreement and stock-dependent demand’". International Journal of Production Research 54, n.º 9 (4 de enero de 2016): 2750–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2015.1130872.
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Seongam Moon, 정현기 y Dongjin Kim. "A Simulation of Backup Agreement in the Supply chain- Focus on the Air Force Combat Uniform -". Korean Journal of Logistics 15, n.º 1 (junio de 2007): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.15735/kls.2007.15.1.005.
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Wang, Xinhui, Yingsheng Su, Zihan Zhou y Yiling Fang. "Contracts Adjustment under Bilateral Information Updating in a Supply Chain". Complexity 2020 (25 de febrero de 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1040658.
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This paper investigates contracts adjustment between one manufacturer and one retailer under bilateral information updating. The manufacturer incurs uncertain production cost and the retailer faces uncertain demand, but they can acquire independent signals to update production cost and demand, respectively. They commit an initial agreement on an initial wholesale price, minimum order quantity, and information sharing as well as the transfer payment and decisions adjustment when information is updated. We find that due to the joint impact of production cost variation and market variation, the manufacturer may not decrease (increase) her wholesale price when the updated production cost is lower (higher) than expected. The retailer places an additional order even if the wholesale price rises when the market outlook is good, but places an order with the minimum order quantity even if the wholesale price falls when the market outlook is bad. Secondly, for a certain level of information accuracy of the production cost and market demand, the retailer is always better off with information updating, but the manufacturer may be worse off with information updating when facing a bad market outlook. Thirdly, when information accuracy of the production cost and market demand varies, the manufacturer only benefits from a high accuracy of production cost. Profits of the retailer and the supply chain are increasing (decreasing) with accuracy of production cost if the updated production cost is larger (smaller) than expected.
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Zaidah, Ana Rohmah, Achmad Fauzi Saputra y Yusuf Amrozi. "RANCANG BANGUN WEBSITE SISTEM INFORMASI SUPPLY CHAIN MANAJEMEN PADA BISNIS PERGURUAN TINGGI". METHODIKA: Jurnal Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi 6, n.º 1 (10 de marzo de 2020): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46880/mtk.v6i1.404.
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Indonesia as a developing country has made an agreement to take part in the process of reducing the impact of global warming and environmental issues, including waste problems. With the Green Campus program, the government supports all academics to care about this process. This is realized through the integration of science such as Supply Chain Management with information systems that focus on university business processes, one of which is a waste bank, which will later designate a university waste bank information system. This design uses the waterfall method with a series of analyses, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. It is hoped that this research will be able to provide suggestions for the design process for supply chain management in higher education businesses.
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Fraser, Iain J., Julia Schwarzkopf y Martin Müller. "Exploring Supplier Sustainability Audit Standards: Potential for and Barriers to Standardization". Sustainability 12, n.º 19 (6 de octubre de 2020): 8223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198223.
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Global focal companies are increasingly required and expected to monitor the sustainability risks and activities in their supply chains, which has resulted in increasing supplier sustainability audit activity and growth in the number of sustainability initiatives/associations. While common, shared audit standards were originally conceived to reduce audit fatigue; with overlapping and converging supply chains there could be a need for cross-recognition or standardisation of supplier audit standards. This research aims to provide empirically grounded insight into sustainability audit activity, audit processes and standards for suppliers and the extent to which they overlap. Audit standards employed by eight multi-brand, voluntary sustainability initiatives/associations, focusing on supply chain sustainability (SMETA, PSCI, ICTI, FWF, ASI, JAC, amforiBSCI and RBA) were inductively analysed. This research compares the audit processes and standards, detecting common audit categories, analysing points of overlap and difference. We find empirical evidence of significant growth in supplier sustainability audit activity. We also find overlap among the standards in terms of audit process and steps, as well as at the level of audit focus categories. Deeper analysis reveals large differences at the granular level in terms of questions asked to assess specific topics. We conclude that there is potential for standardisation and cross-recognition but that significant barriers to agreement at the level of audit questions and how topics are evaluated remain. This research provides a first empirical overview of this important tool and its application in various industries for sustainable supply chain management.
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Xu, Luyun, Dong Liang, Zhenjie Duan y Xu Xiao. "Stability Analysis of R&D Cooperation in a Supply Chain". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/409286.
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R&D outsourcing becomes the often-adopted strategy for firms to innovate. However, R&D cooperation often ends up with failure because of its inherent quality of instability. One of the main reasons for cooperation failure is the opportunistic behavior. As the R&D contract between firms is inherently incomplete, opportunistic behavior always cannot be avoided in the collaborative process. R&D cooperation has been divided into horizontal and vertical types. This paper utilizes game theory to study opportunistic behavior in the vertical R&D cooperation and analyzes the equilibrium of the cooperation. Based on the equilibrium and numerical results, it is found that the vertical R&D cooperation is inherently unstable, and the downstream firm is more likely to break the agreement. The level of knowledge spillovers and the cost of R&D efforts have different effects on firms’ payoffs. When the level of knowledge spillover is low or the cost of R&D efforts is high, mechanisms such as punishment for opportunism may be more effective to guarantee the stability of cooperation.
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Fang, Yiling, Xinhui Wang y Jinjiang Yan. "Green Product Pricing and Order Strategies in a Supply Chain under Demand Forecasting". Sustainability 12, n.º 2 (18 de enero de 2020): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020713.
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In this paper, we investigate price and order strategies for innovative green products using demand forecasting and sharing. We formulate the problem using a Stackelberg game and propose a dynamic contract that specifies an initial wholesale price, a minimum order quantity, a demand sharing agreement, and a decisions adjustment agreement. We arrived at the following main findings and implications. First, the manufacturer offers a higher or lower wholesale price than the initial one depending on the variation in the market status. Also, the retailer’s ordering decisions will increase with the wholesale price, which contradicts the common assumption that ordering decisions decrease with the wholesale price. Interestingly, if the market improves, the manufacturer obtains a higher profit margin than the retailer; if the market worsens, the manufacturer suffers more loss of profit margin than the retailer. Second, when the cost of information sharing is smaller than an upper bound, demand forecasting and sharing are always beneficial to the manufacturer. However, the value of demand forecasting and sharing for the retailer is significantly affected by the market status variation. Third, high information accuracy will not necessarily increase the profits of the manufacturer and the retailer, even if the market status is better than expected. Finally, numerical examples show the parameters’ effects. We have several main managerial insights. When the shared demand information is received from the retailer, the manufacturer can determine wholesale price strategies according to the retailer’s demand forecast. Moreover, if the manufacturer wants to ensure profitability, they should not choose retailers with a higher capability of demand forecasting.
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Vargas-Hernández, José G., Icela Flores Osuna y Omar Vargas-González. "The The Impact of the Renegotiation of United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) on the Agricultural Exports of Sinaloa State of Mexico". Logistics & Supply Chain Review 1, n.º 1 (8 de agosto de 2020): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/logistics-supply-chain-review.v1i1.137.
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Purpose: Mexico, like other countries, invested in measures to attract foreign direct investment to its territories. It, therefore, signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, a treaty that facilitated Mexico to be the largest direct exporter to the United States. However, in 2018 the agreement was renegotiated and replaced with United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA). This research is carried out to determine the advantages and disadvantages of renegotiation for Sinaloa's agricultural exports, with the question of whether it would negatively impact the Sinaloa's agricultural exports.
Methods: The study focuses on the impact of renegotiation of the NAFTA on agricultural exports of the state of Sinaloa with indicators such as the Exports-Trade, GDP, and GDP Per capita of Mexico, opening to new markets, and logistics.
Results: The renegotiation has a direct relationship with agricultural production in Sinaloa, with a serious negative effect, since overproduction would be created if the new destination for exporting from Sinaloa was not quickly available.
Implications: This research can be of much use to the main agricultural exporting companies in Sinaloa, government agencies, and the Sinaloa Chambers of Commerce for decision making and policy formulation.